A new pocket dictionary of the Italian and English languages : in two

A NEW

POCKET DICTIONARY OF THE

ITALIAN AND ENGLISH IN .

ITALIAN

TWO

PARTS.

AND ENGLISH.— II. ENGLISH AND

ITALIAN.

BY

C.

GRx\GLIA.

MANY NETF

IFORDS

AND LOCUTIONS.

yVITH A COMPKNUIOUS

ELEMENTARY ITALIAN GRAMMAR, ARE NOW ADDED. THE SEVENTEENTH EDITION, CAREFULLY CORRECTED.

LONDON: Longman and Co. ; T. Cadell J. Richardson ; Hntchard and Son ; Baldwin and Cradock ; J. Booker J., G., and F. Uivin-toii ; Dulau and Co. Hamilton, Adams, and Co.; Whittaker and Co; J. Duncan; Darton and Harvey; Bichter and Co. ; G. Couie and Co.; J. Souter; Simpkiu, Marshall, and Co.; Black and Armstrong Smith, Elder, and Co.; Houlston and Son ; E. Lumley; J. Rolandi ; J.W'acey; Stirling and Kenney, Edinburgh ; and G. and J. Kobinson, Liverpool.

Printed for

;

;

;

;

1837. Price

S'uv Shillings,

neatly bound.

LONDON Printed

V,y

W.

:

Ci,ov.-es

and Soss,

Stamford-street.

ADVERTISEMENT

THE FIFTEENTH EDITION In presenting the Fifteenth Edition of Graglia'.s Italian Dictionary to the Public, the utmost care and attention has been bestowed revisal,

and an exact accentuation placed upon the

Some hundred

verbs.

without, however^ increasing nient, as a

and

of the e

when

close,

its

Pocket Dictionary. o has

been pointed out, by a small

and without the said

double zz, when pronounced like line z ds.

—

zz,

which

The Editor

bulk, so as to render

The open and

is

omitted

flatters

line is.

when

are also

when they

upon

been added, it

inconve-

close pronunciation line over the e

open.

The

marked with

are to be

and 5

single z

the

and

same

pronounced like

himself that these improvements will be of

the greatest utility to students of the Italian Language.

C.T. London., Sept. 7,

its

infinitives of the

useful and necessary words have

1829

PREFACE. When

Mr. Graglia's Dictionary appeared for the first tune, it was received with general approbation and we feel happy that a Continuation of this favourable Sentiment in the Public, permits us to say what would have been thought presumptuous in the Author that liis work really deserved a liberal Welcome; chiefly on account of the Simplicity of its Plan, which renders it the cheapest, and the most convenient Publication of the kind, for Schools, and for Travellers. Several attempts have since been made, with laudable intention, to surpass this Dictionary ; but it still continues to maintain its advantage ; and each successive Edition surpasses the preceding in ;

—

rapidity of Sale.

Such successive Preference deserves the care

of the Proprietors,

and they ha'e spared no expense, to merit a Continuance of the In order to meet the wishes of many Persons, who public Favour. desired to have the Book reduced to a Size more portable than the square 12mo. form, they have had this Edition printed after the same Mode, and in a type similar to that of Nugenfs French Pocket Dictionary ; with a considerable addition of Words, but, above all, of Idiomatic Sentences. Indeed, in the last Edition and this, the Reader may easily perceive that there is not one page without some essential addition, and general improvement. A short, but comprehensive Italian Grammar will be found in the present Volume. As it was written chiefly for Beginners, all scientific Disquisitions have been carefully avoided, in order to present nothing but clear, easy, and methodical Tables of PronunciaThe Verbs, regular and tion, and of the several Parts of Speech.

—

are treated to the full ; and various detached Remarks be found interspersed through the Work, to aid the young Student. The Publishers therefore cherish a hope, that this short Treatise will be found a convenient Step to Works more voluminous irregular, will

and

scientific.

Walcot Place, Lambeth, 1826.

ACCIDENCE OP

THE ITALIAN TONGUE, Br

J.

OUISEiVU, A.M.

CHAPTER

I.

—

—

—

ACCIDENCE OF THE

OBSERVATIONS On N.B.

the letters a,

t,

i",

and J

;

o, u,

and v

;

g, h,

c,

t, t, s,

m, and

n.

For

the sake (if simplicity and brevity, the translation nf the Italian n'oi dispensed with, wherever it was judged not to be absolutely wanted. Should a become necessary to the reader, the dictionary is at hand.

A is alwajs sounded broad, like a in alarm, fathom ; thus, padre, madre, amare. But a -with an accent at the end of words, has a quick sharp sound; thus the a in calamità, calamity, is sharjper than It is in calamita, a loadstone. has generally a close sound, as in the English words pen, fen, y:enerous ; thus, maledire, pede, bene. But sometimes it is open, as in there ; thus, teina, mènsa, péna. No sure rule can be given on this point.

B

/ sounds Uke double

ee in sleep

;

C

;

—

;

from principe, prince. It is also employed by some grammarians in the tenses of verbs where two ii should meet ; but this ought to be done only when the two ii form but one syllable, as ch' io studj, che tu studi, &C. but not io sentj, io udj, in which words the letters ii form two distinct syllables. O sounds sometimes open, as in the English •words globe,

cold .-^pòvero, pàpulo,

tòlto.

— —

Sometimes cioàe, as in English come, some : tornamento, volere. Practice alone can teach the difference. U has always the sound of u, as in the English words "iuH, rule, or the double oo in

moon, soon — unico, publico, nudrire. U before in the same syllable, pronounced faintly: — buono, fuoco, uomini, :

o,

figliuola, suocero.

is

Except in duo,

tuo, suo,

which the u has its full soimd, because then the « and the o form two distinct syllables. In any other case, vowels combined together form but one sound, as in

virtuoso, in

sounds k,

I,

3

do in EngUsh,

,

accidente, read atshento, atshidente. after ci follows another vowel, as

When

da, one

eie, ciò, ciu, they syllable, and the

Ch sounds k chi,

principi

a,

—

diritto,

J is always a Towel in the Italian, and sounds like i, but somewhat longer, as y in the English words you, yonder, yield. Its chief use is to form the plural of nouns in io short, that is, pronounced in one syllable; as, tempio, temple, tempj ; principio, beginning, principi which otherwise would be confounded with tempi, from tempo, time and

before

C before e, i, sounds like ch in U>e English words cAiW, cheek: cicerone, In this case, when two cc meet, the first takes the sound of a soft t ; thus, accento,

G

:

must be pronounced in has a faint sound

i

:

—chiodo, chioma,

chimico, che,

read kiodo, kioma, kimico, &c. before a, o, u, sounds as in the English

words gadfly, goblin, gunner :

G before e

snd

found in the

1, ha.ver.

1. Ci and vi, which signify us, to us ; yov. to when they are personal pronouns, are likewise adverbs, in the sense of Aere and Mere, '2. A'e, without any accent, is sometimes a

ypu,

personal pronoun which signifies us, to us ; sometimes an indeterminate pronoun, in the sense of tome, any, o/iV, o/ Mem, &c. But n*. with the grave accent, signifies not, nor, netiher ; and ne' with an apostrophe, is an abbreviation of nei, in the ; ne' campi, in the fields. 3. Si, an indeterminate pronoun, in the sense of one, people, men, they, is of extensive use in Italian, as will appear by the following examples. Si is written se, when it meets

—

any.

Ae, some, of it, of them. Si dicono incredibili cose, Si sono prese molte navi, Non si paria di pace, Se ne saprà qualche cosa, Vi si domanda del pane,

Witiimanv other turns which we shall have occasion to notice more at large in our observations on passive ve bs.

with

ne.

they say incredible things. they have taken many ships. they say nothing of peace. rve mill hear something of it. they ask you bread.

AVTien the Italians Remark. show a piirticular regard, they use of the tliird person of the Texb,

Essential

wish

make

to

ACCIDENCE OF THE Singular, Masculine, and Femmine. Ella or /«, she- -you, sir or madam. Di lei, of her- of you, sir or madam. lei, le, to her to you, sir or madam. La, her you, sir or madam. Da lei, from her you, sir or madam. Plural, Masculine and Feminine. lyOr signori, they you, gentlemen and ladies. Di lor signori, 'of them— of you, gentlemen

A )r

ui voi

sometimes Votsipnorla takes the place and run of vostra, for the singular, ; men and women. Lor tignnri,

applied to

masculine and feminine, supply the second person plural. Vossignorìa is an abbreviation of vostra signoria, and lor signori, of le signorie toro but ella or lei are now more fashionable than vossignoria. This manner of speaking -«rill become quite familiar, if we accustom ourselves to the idea that we are speaking of a person, instead of speaking to her, as will appear in the transposition of the following pronoun. :

—

— —

—

and

A

ladies. lor signori, to

Lor

signori,

le,

them— to you, gentlemen and

them—you,

gentlemen and

Da lor signori, from them—from you, gentlemen and ladies. The following examples will render these observations plainer.

trarsi dagl' impacci, che viaggiar l Italia. Re ella entrerà da Venezia, vedrà una città unica al mondo, per la sua situazione ;

ma

non

sarà questa 1* unica cosa che la sorprenderà. Ferrara le farà vedere una bella e vasta solitudine. Bologna presenterà a suoi occhi tin altro bel prospetto. illustre

Buon

mli di Jlodena, come patria Muratori. a ella

sarò

eyes another

Good day, madam, how do you do f Very mèli, at your service, I thank you. Pray, sir, do me thefavotir to be seated. I shall almays be your most devoted friend.

sempre intimo

CHAPTER VERBS '.—Auxiliary

;

Ob. 1. The personal pronouns io, tu. Sec. are placed above the tenses of the verbs. In the following pages, to distinguish the persons but it will be better to conjugate the verbs without them, except in the three persons singular of the present of the subjunctive, and the first and second persons of the preterite tense of the same ;

your

sta-

come sta ella ? servirla, la ringrazio.

Signore, favorisca di sedersi, la prego. suo amico.

Le

vast solitude, Bologna mill present to

dell'

giorno, signora,

Benissimo per

You cannot do better, sir, to divert rfoiirtelffrom affairs, than to travel through ItahjShould you enter it on the side of Venice, «oh mill see a toivn, the only one in the v»rl,l >..r Us situation ; but this it not the only thing rvhich mill surprite you. Ferrara mill offer to you a beautiful and

VI.

Regular

;

and Irregular >t

of a similarity in the end-

ings. 2. As the persons who apply to the Italian tongue have commonly begun already to learri either the French, the Latin, or their own language by rules, we suppose them able to conjugate an English verb ; Uierefore, we hare inserted the first per-

ITALIAN TONGUE. sirgular only, for tlie sake of brevity, and he neatness of the tables. 3. For the same reason we give the first erson singular only of the compound tenses, s tliey aie merely the repetition of the verba roe or easere, with tlie participle past of any 311

xvii

verb; Thus, when we have ho tiviilo, it is easy to add hai avuto, ha avuto, abbiamo avuto, avtte avuto, hanno avuto, &c. &c. 4. There are four tenses in all verbs, wheIher regular or irregular, which have the same termination.

The Imperfect qfthe Indicative.

Futute of the Indicative.

remo

rà

rai

rete

ranno

remmo

roste

rebbero

riamo

riate

Imperfect Conditional.

rebbe Somilimes,

restì

— chiefly in poetry — ;

ria

ria

rianno

&

rebbono

Preterite of the Subjunctive.

•c

is

the onlj verb \rhicb does not follow

tliis

scheme;

Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verb avere,

to

i;nd tliat onlj- in the

ii

have,

INFINITIVE. Avere, f.

have, to poitett.

to

Avendo, con avere, coll' avere, in aver Avuto, ms. avuta, fo. avùU, m. pt. avt

INDICATIVE. Compound Tense.

J have.

voi,

eptino.

abbiamo, avete, abbiamo, avete,

h.lnno,

noi,

egli;

Io,

fu,

Ho,

hai,

ha;

ai,

à

;

dnno.

I have had.

—ho avuto, &c. — / had had.

Imperfect.

I had

Aveva,

avevi,

aveva;

avevamo, avevate, avevano.

Preterite.

I had. Ebbi,

avesti,

ebbe;

avemmo,

Future.

I shall or will have Avrò, avrai. avrà ; I rvnitld, could, should have. avresti, Avrei, avrebbe;

Conditional.

aveste,

—aveva avuto.

—I had had. ebbero.—ebbi avuto. —I thall or will have had.

avremo,

avrete,

avremmo,

avreste,

avranno avrò avuto. I would have luid. avrebbero. avrei avuto.

—

SUBJUNCTIVE, OR POTENTIAL. ch'io,

A'bbia, Preterite.

Avessi,

dlibia

& abbi,

ch'egli;

che noi,

dbbia;

abbiamo,

che voi, abbiate,

avesse;

avessimo,

aveste,

That I might have. avessi,

* ^Ve likewise say vn, vi, va first person from the third

the

—that I may have had.

That I may have, cheta

Present.

; ;

ch'eglino.

abbiano.— abbia avuto. —that I might have had. avessero.

— avessi avuto.

and perhaps vo sliould be preferred to fa, as it distiiiguishoi but custom lias prevailed, and va is now commonly used in-

ACCIDENCE OF THE IMPERATIVE. Abbi

or abbia tu, have thou

abbia egli, let him have abbiamo noi, have ye ; abt>iàno eglino, let them have. ;

:

Conjugation nfthe Auxiliary Verb èssere,

INFINITIVE. Present.

Essere, to be. to exist.

Gerund.

Essendo,

c

Part. past. Stato, ms.

Fui,

let

to he.

ITALIAN TONGUE. GENERAL PARADIGM. INFINITIVE.

ACCIDENCE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE, OR POTEXTIAL. e tu,

eh' egli

;

che noi,

che voi,

ch'eglino

IMPERATIVE. ,

love thou

;

ami

egli,

lei

him

love

;

amiamo

noi,

ii

Ali the Terbs in are are conjugated like anuire. zmì ilare, to remain ; with the verbi; ending in c which will be noticed in their proper place.

II.

REGULAR CONJUGATION

f

INFINITIVE. Credere, to believe, to think. PresentCredendo, con credere, col credere, in credf-re, Del credere, believing GtrundPart. past. Creduto, creduta, creduli, credute, believed.

crediamo

credete

ii

credon

rrALIAN TONGUK. SUBJUNCTIVE, OR POTENTIAL. Ch'io,

Prtsent.

Sent-a

Preterite.

Senli-s

IMPERATIVE. a

egli,

Ut him hear

;

CONJUGATION

sentiamo

of

VERBS

ii

Among the verbs of the third conjugation, ending in ?>