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THE HIBEH PAPYRI PART

I

GRENFELL AND HUNT

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND GRAECO-ROMAN BRANCH

THE HIBEH PAPYRI PART

1

EDITED WITH TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES

BERNARD

P.

GRENFELL,

HON. LITT.D. DUBLIN; HON. TH.D. KOEMGSBERG

ARTHUR

S.

;

M.A., D.Litt, F.B.A.

FELLOW OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD

HUNT, MA.,

D.Litt.

HON. PH.D. KOENIGSBERG; FELLOW OF QUEEN's C0LI?EGE, OXFORD LATE FELLOW OF LINCOLN COLLEGE

WITH TEN PLATES

^ff LONDON

' I

SOLD AT

The Offices of the EGYPT

EXPLORATION FUND,

37

AND Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston,

GkEAX Russell

St.,

W.C.

Mass., U.S.A.

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster House, Charing Cross BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 Piccadilly, W.; ASHER & CO., 13 Bedford St., Covent AND HENRY FROWDE, Amen Corner, E.C. 1906

/ /

.

Road, W.C. Garden, W.C.

\

OXFORD HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

PREFACE The

papyri which form the subject of the present volume were

from the Ptolemaic necropolis of El-Hibeh, partly by purchase, partly from our first excavations at On p. 5 will be found that site, as is recorded in the Introduction. obtained

the

in

spring of

1902

an explanation of the remarkable fact that some of the literary papyri here edited belong to MSS. of which fragments were published by

The

us in 1897.

papyri were, with one exception (no.

from mummy-cartonnage, and

all

23),

belong to the third century

In editing the classical fragments

derived

b. c.

we have continued

to

avail

ourselves very largely of the most generous assistance of Professor F. Blass,

whose weighty judgement we have followed

suggested for most of the

new

pieces (nos. i-is),

in the

and

authorship

to

whom

is

due much of their reconstruction and interpretation, besides many suggestions on difficulties arising in the fragments of extant authors With regard to the non-literary texts we have received (nos. 19-26). from Professor J. G. Smyly, who has not only placed at our much help service his intimate acquaintance with the contemporary Petrie papyri,

but has

made

in

many

cases revised our decipherments of the texts and

suggestions for their interpretation.

His knowledge of ancient

mathematics has materially assisted in the elucidation of the astronomical calendar (no. 27), and without his aid we should certainly not

have ventured, as we have done in Appendix I, upon the difficult, perhaps even hopeless, task of attempting to solve the perplexing Our proofproblems connected with the Macedonian calendar. sheets have also had the advantage of having been read through by Dr. J. P. Mahaffy, to whose liberality we owe the insertion of a facsimile of the calendar (Plate VIII). Some assistance which we have received from other scholars on special points is acknowledged in

connexion with the individual papyri.

For the interpretation of several demotic dockets appended to the Greek texts we are indebted to Mr. F. LI. Griffith, who has generously allowed us to

utilize his

John Rylands Library.

forthcoming edition of demotic papyri

in

the

PREFACE

VI

A

few words of explanation are due concerning the alternative years v,.c. on the Julian calendar into which for the convenience of our readers the dates by the king's reign are converted. Apart from the difficulties caused by the frequent

employment of the Macedonian

preference to the Egyptian months for dating purposes, an element of uncertainty is introduced into the conversion of practically all early Ptolemaic dates into their ecjuivalents on the Julian calendar owing to in

the fact that at least two systems of reckoning the king's years were in common use, while papyri rarely provide any indication which

method different

is

being employed

systems

in

a particular case.

discussed

is

in

Appendix

The II,

but

nature of these the

evidence

unfortunately at present insufficient for a satisfactory explanation. Accordingly we have converted the dates by the king's years into

is

what (granting the correctness of the Canon of Ptolemaic kings) are their ccjuivalents on the Julian calendar, firstly on the conventional assumption that the king's years w^ere reckoned from Thoth i of the annus z'ai^us, the balance of days between his accession and the next Thoth I being counted as his ist year, and secondly on the assumption (which is likely to be correct in many cases) that another system of reckoning the king's years was employed, according to which the dates when expressed by the Julian calendar may be a year later than they

would have been if the first system had been employed. The dates system are B. c. which result or may result from the use of the second enclosed

in brackets.

In conclusion

we have

Graeco-Roman Branch

beg the indulgence of subscribers to the presenting them with a memoir which on

to

for

The next count as a double volume. Papyri, in w^hich memoir of the Branch, Part V of the OxyrhyncJms we shall begin the publication of the very important literary texts discovered in 1905-6 (cf The Times, May 14, 1906), is already in hand,

account of

its

and we hope

length

to issue

it

is

to

in

June, 1907.

BERNARD P. GRENFELL. ARTHUR S. HUNT. Oxford, .lAy, 1906.

CONTENTS PAGE

Preface List of Plates

,....•••••

Table of Papyri Note on the IMethod of Publication and List of Abbreviations

V viii

ix xiii I

Introduction

TEXTS

L IL in. IV.

V. VI. VII.

New

.... .... ....

Classical Fragments (1-18) Fragments of Ext.vnt Cl.a.ssical Authors (19-28) Calendar (27) Royal Ordinances (28-29) Legal Documents (30-82) Declarations and Petitions (33-38) Official and Private Correspondence (39-83) .

•

•

•

•

13

67 138 157

165 172 181

Contracts (84a-96)

242

IX.

Receipts (97-109)

X.

Accounts (110-121)

269 286

VIII.

XI.

Descriptions of Documents (122-171)

324

.

APPENDICES I.

II.

III.

The Macedonian and Egyptian Calendars The Systems of Dating by the Years of the King The Eponymous Priesthoods from b. c. 301-221 .

332 358 367

INDICES I.

II.

New

Classical Fragment

Kings

377 383

384

III.

Months

IV.

Personal Names

385

Geographical

391

V. VI. VII.

Religion

.

.

.

Official and INIilitary Titles

393 394

CONTENTS

Vlll

PAGE VIII.

IX.

X. XI.

Weights, Measures, Coins

Taxes General Index of Greek Words Index of Passages discussed

.

395 396 397 408

LIST OF PLATES I.

1,

4

II.

3, 14,

III.

26

IV.

V. VI. VII. VIII.

IX.

X.

5,

6

15

.

.

.

.

13

9, 10.

.

ai the end.

19, 20, 21, 23, 7,

27

84

{b)

24

.

.

84. {a)

88, 97. 99,

100

{rccio)

TABLE OF PAPYRI B.C.

2. 3.

c.

YvS^nai (Plate I)

-Epicharmus,

1.

Epicharmus (?), -Sophocles, Tyro '

c.

rw/iot

4. ^ 5.

Philemon

6.

Comedy

7.

Anthology (Plate VII)

(?)

c.

(Plate III)

(Plate IV)

c.

(Plate I)

Euripides, Oeneus (?)

c.

II) (?) (Plate

.

c. .

c. .

c.

8. /Epic Fragment

/Epic Fragment (Plate V)

0.

11.

Tragic Fragment /Tragic Fragment

12.

Comic Fragment

10.

13.

14.

'

Hippias

(?),

c.

.

c.

(Plate ^')

c. c.

Discourse on Music (Plate V)

Lysias, In Theozoiidem (Plate II)

15. -Rhetorical Exercise (Plate II)

.

c.

c.

/Sayings of Simonides

17.

Fragment

c.

c.

'Theophrastus(?)

16.

c.

c.

18.

Literary

19.

Homer, Iliad ii and iii (Plate VI) Homer, Iliad iii-v (Plate VI) Homer, Iliad viii (Plate VI) Homer, Iliad xxi-xxiii Homer, Odyssey xx (Plate VI)

c.

Euripides, Iphigenia in Tatiris (Plate VI)

c.

20.

.

22. 23.

24.

.

"

25. -Euripides 26.

-

Anaximenes

300-280 280-240 280-240 380-240 280-240 280-240 280-240 280-240 280-240 280-240

15

n 21

24 29

35

39 40

40 40 41

45 49

55 62

64 66

.

.

21.

280-240 280-240 280-240 300—280 280-240 300-280 250-210 280-240

PAGE

(?), '?r]TopiKr)

npbs 'AXi^avSpov (Plate III)

285-250 280-240

67

c. c.

290-260

88

c.

280-240

96

106

c.

285-250 280-240 280-240

c.

285-250

114

c.

84

108

"3

27.

Calendar

301-240

138

28.

Constitutional Regulations

c.

265

157

29.

Finance Laws

c.

265

161

30.

Judicial

300-271

165

31.

Abstract of a Case for Trial

c.

270

168

32.

Sequestration of Property

246

170

33.

Property-Return of Sheep

245

172

for the Saite

Nome

,

Summons

(Plate VIII)

TABLE OF PAPYRI «. c.

King

243-2

34.

Petition to the

35.

Petition of Hieioduli

c.

36.

Notice of Loss

229 235 252-1

37.

Notice of Loss

38.

Declaration on Oath

39.

Letter of Xanthus to

40.

Letter of

Euphranor

250

265

41.

Polemon Letter of Polemon

42.

Letter of Callicles to Harimouthes

262

43.

Letter of Callicles to Harimouthes

261

44.

Letter of

45.

Letter of

to

Lysimachus

46.

Letter

to

Lysimachus

258

47.

Letter

to

Lysimachus

256

to

Lysimachus

255

to

Laomedon

c-

257

to

Theodorus

c.

257

Dinon

to

Harimouthes

261

to

Harimouthes

c.

Harimouthes

to

Leodamas of Leodamas of Leodamas of Leodamas of Leodamas of Leodamas

261

253 257

48.

Letter

49.

Letter

50.

Letter

51.

Letter of

to

Ptolemaeus

245

52.

Letter

to

Ptolemaeus

c.

53.

Letter

to

Ptolemaeus

246

54..

Letter

to

Ptolemaeus

c.

55.

Letter of Scythes to Ptolemaeus

250

Demophon of Demophon of Demophon of Demophon

245 245

56.

Letter of Patron to Ptolemaeus

249

57.

Letter of Dionysodorus

247

58.

Letter of Dionysodorus to Ptolemaeus

245-4

59.

Letter of Zenodorus to Ptolemaeus

.

c.

245

60.

Letter of Zenodorus to Ptolemaeus

.

c.

245

61.

Letter to Ptolemaeus

(?) to

Ptolemaeus

245

62.

Letter of Philippus to Ptolemaeus

63.

Letter of Criton to Plutarchus

64.

Letter of Paris to Plutarchus

264

65.

Letter concerning Paris

c.

66.

Letter of Protarchus to Clitarchus

228

67.

Letter concerning

68.

Letter (.oncerning

69.

T-etter of

70 (^7). 70 {b). 71.

72.

.

245 c.

•

Payment of Cloth-workers Payment of Cloth-workers

Apclepiades to Clitarchus

Letter of Zoilus to Clitarchus

.

265

265

228 c.

228

230

229-8 228

.

Letter to Clitarchus

c.

Correspondence concerning a Strike Correspondence concerning a Temple Seal .

245 241

TABLE OF PAPYRI

XI B.C.

73.

Letter of Antigonus to Dorion

74.

Order

75.

Letter of

76.

Order

77.

Letter concerning the Priestly Revenues

78.

Letter of Nicias to Argaeus

79.

Letter of Ptolernaeus to HeracHdes

80.

Export of Wine

81.

Official

Correspondence concerning Cleruch

82.

Official

Correspondence

83.

Letter concerning a

Payment

for

.

to the Phylacitae

Theodorus

Payment

for

86.

Payment of Corn IX) Date by a Ptolemaic Era (?) (Plate VII) Loan of Seed-Corn Loan of Corn

87.

Advance of Seed-Corn

88.

84(a). Sale of 84(/>).

85.

Wheat

(Plate

.

.

91.

Loan of Money Loan of INIoney Lease of Land Lease of Land

92.

Contract of Surety

93.

Contract of Surety

94.

Contract of Surety

95.

Contract of Surety

89. 90.

.

(Plate

X)

96.

Renunciation of Claims

97.

Receipt (Plate X)

98.

Receipt of a Captain

99.

.

Receipt for Rent (Plate X) Receipt for Rent (Plate

X)

100.

Account.

101.

Receipt for Rent

102.

Payment

103.

Receipt for Physician-Tax and Police-Tax

of Physician-Tax

Various Taxes

104.

Receipt

105.

Receipt for Police-Tax

106.

Receipt for Beer-Tax

for

107.

Receipt for Beer-Tax

108.

Receipt for Bath- Tax

109.

Receipt for

a-nofioipa

Postal Register

110.

Accounts.

111.

List of Cases

and Fines

.

TABLE OF PAPYRI

xu

B.C.

112.

Taxing-List

113.

Banker's Account

114.

Official

115.

Account of Taxes on

116.

Account of Bath-Tax

.

Account Sacrifices

117.

Return of Corn Revenue

118.

Account of Olyra

119.

Account of Rent

120.

Account of Goats

121.

Private

122-171.

.

Account

Miscellaneous Documents

and Wool

NOTE ON THE METHOD OF PUBLICATION AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The general system followed in this volume is that of its predecessors. Literary texts are printed as they appear in the originals, except for division of initials in proper names, and reconstruction, where practicable, of Additions or corrections by the same hand as the body of the texts

words, capital lacunae.

by a modern

different

are in small thin type, those

hand

in thick type.

Non-literary

style with accentuation and punctuation:

documents are printed in abbreviations and symbols are resolved, while additions and corrections are usually

incorporated

in

the

their

text,

occurrence

being

recorded

in

the

but where special considerations make this method inconvenient, alterations in the original have been reproduced, later hands being distinguished, Faults of orthography, &c., are corrected as in the literary texts, by thick type.

critical

notes

;

the critical apparatus wherever they seemed likely to cause any difficulty. Iota adscript is printed when so written, otherwise iota subscript is used. in

Square brackets [ ] indicate a lacuna, round brackets ( ) the resolution of a symbol or abbreviation, angular brackets < ) a mistaken omission in the original, braces ( } a superfluous letter or letters, double square brackets [[ ]]

a deletion

in

the

original.

approximate number of

Dots placed within brackets represent the

letters lost or deleted

;

dots outside brackets indicate

Letters with dots underneath them are Arabic numerals refer to the texts of the

mutilated or otherwise illegible letters. to

be considered doubtful.

Heavy

Roman numerals to columns. mummies from which the papyri were

present volume, ordinary numerals to lines, small

On

the numeration of the different

and on the alternative years B.C. in expressing dates obtained see pp. 11-12 calendar see the Preface. according to the Julian ;

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

XIV

The

abbreviations

used

in

referring

papyrological

to

practically the same as those adopted by Wilcken I,

PP-

P.

25-^"^' viz.

Amh.

=:

A.

—

in

publications

are

Archiv filr PapynisforscJning,

:—

The Amherst Papyri

(Greek), Vols.

I

and

II,

by

B. P. Grenfell

and

S. Plunt.

fur Papyrusforschung. Archiv aus den Konigl. Rluseen /.u Berlin, Griech. Urkunden. Urkunden = Aeg. B. G. U. Greek Papyri in the British Museum, Vols. I and II, of = Catalogue P. Brit. Mus. Kenyon. by F. G.

Archiv

C

Wessely. Corpus Papyrorum Raineri, Vol. I, by Museum, by B. P. Grenfell Cairo in the Papyri Catalogue of Greek P. Cairo and A. S. Hunt, p Y?iy. = Fayum Towns and their Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, and D. G. Hogarth. P. Gen. = Les Papyrus dc Geneve, by J. Nicole. Grenfell, and Series II, by P. Grenf. = Greek Papyri, Series I, by B. P.

C. P. R.

= =

B. P. Grenfell and P.

P.

A.

S.

Hunt.

Leyden = Papyri Graeci Musei antiquarii Lugduni-Batavi, Magd. = Papyrus de Magdola, Bulletin- de Corr. hell,

P.

P.

xxvi, pp. 95-128,

and G. Lefebvre.

xxvii, pp. 174-205, by Oxy. = The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Parts I-IV, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. xviii, 2, Par. = Les Papyrus Grecs du Musee du Louvre, Notices ct Extraits.t. by W. Brunct de Presle and E. Egger. Petrie = The Flinders Petrie Papyri, Parts I and II by the Rev. J. P. Mahaffy, Part III by the Rev. J. P. Mahaffy and J. G. Smyly. Our references are P. Jouguet

P.

by C. Leemans.

to Part III

wherever texts previousl>' published are reprinted there.

Laws —

Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by B. P. Rev. an Introduction by the Rev. J. P. Mahaffy. P. Tebt. = The Tebtunis Papyri, Part I by B. P. Grenfell, A. (Part II by B. P. Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, and P:. J. G. Smyly in

Grenfell, with

S. J.

Hunt, and Goodspecd,

the press).

=

Papyri Graeci Regii Taurinensis Musei Aegyptii, by A. Peyron. Wilcken, Ost. = Gricchischc Ostraka, by U. Wilcken. Vienna, by P. Zois = Papiri Grcco-Egizi di Zoidc dell' Imp. R. Museo di

P. Tor.

A. Peyron, re-edited in xi. Jaiircsb. Wicn by C. Wessely.

i)i

lib.

d. k. k.

Fra}i--JoscpJi-Gymnasitiin

INTRODUCTION In February and March, 1902, while we were excavating in the Fayum, who had been travelling in Upper Egypt brought us a large quantity of broken papyrus-cartonnage, amongst which we noticed the presence of Our work in the numerous literary fragments of the third century B.C. FayQm was at that time drawing to an end, the available sites for the discovery of Ptolemaic papyri being exhausted, and we were naturally anxious to take a dealer

at once the opportunity of finding Ptolemaic papyrus-cartonnage in a different

With some

district.

difficulty

we

ascertained that the provenance of the papyri

brought to us was Hibeh, on the east bank of the Nile between Benisuef and and as the Director-general of Antiquities most Shekh Fadl (Cynopolis) obligingly gave us permission to proceed thither at once, we were able to start work on March 24. The excavations were carried on until April 11 [Arch. ;

Report^

1

901-2, pp. 4-5), and resumed in January, 1903, for nearly a month In February, 1903, after examining several

{Arch. Report, 1902-3, pp. 1-3).

between Hibeh and Shekh Fadl, we returned to Behnesa, which has last three and a half seasons. The ruins of the ancient town of Hibeh are situated on the river bank The high desert at this point approaches facing the villages of Feshn and P'ent. narrow strip a few yards in width available for a edge, leaving only the river for quarrying limestone. The town cultivation, and providing suitable places was built on rising ground, which reaches its highest point at the north-west corner of the site. The most conspicuous feature is the massive wall of crude brick, some metres thick, which protects it from attack on the north and east sides, the east wall running in a south-westerly direction to meet the river, so that sites

occupied us for the

Stamped names of the princess Estemkheb, her husband Menkheperre or their son Pinotem II, show that the walls were built under the XX 1st Dynasty. Near the south end of the site stood a small temple (36 x i6i metres), built by the area enclosed forms with the river a kind of acute-angled triangle.

bricks with the

XXIInd Dynasty, the picturesque ruins being The principal entrance to the town was through

Shishanq and Osorkon of the

now overgrown with the north wall, near

palms. its

east corner

than usually strong as the ground

was the

citadel.

The west

;

west of the entrance the wall becomes more a peak, and it is probable that here

rises to

face of this peak has been cut

B

away

for stone

;

and

HIBEH PAPYRI

2 it

is

not clear whether the wall was ever continued

down

to the river, w'hich,

moreover, has apparently encroached slightly upon the south end of the site, washing away the original south corner of the wall. Opposite the ruins, and separated only by a channel which becomes dry in the summer, is an island about 2 miles long, which was already there in early times, for it is mentioned in the demotic papyri from Hibeh of Darius' reign (cf. p. 7). The modern

El-Hibeh is a poor hamlet a few hundred yards to the south of the and is combined for administrative purposes with another village on the island which contains a few hundred feddans of cultivated ground, while on the main land there is practically none. The extensive necropolis of Hibeh lies round the ancient city to the north, east, and south of the walls, and dates from New Empire to Roman times. By far the greater part of it had been dug out before our arrival, principally in 895-6, when, as report states, an Arab dealer from the Pyramids, know^n as Shekh Hassan, excavated the cemetery on a large scale. From the assertions of an inhabitant of Hibeh who was then employed as a rets, it appears that the dealer met with much success, especially in the discovery of scarabs, amulets, ushabtis, statuettes, faience and alabaster vases, and other objects such as would be found in the later tombs of the New Empire. Quantities of mummies of the Ptolemaic period with papyrus-cartonnage were also unearthed, but thrown away as worthless. This is the usual fate of cartonnage found in the Nile valley proper, where, except at one or two places, native tomb-diggers until quite recently attached no value to papyrus apart from large rolls. A handful of small fragments, however, found their way to Cairo, where they were bought by us in 1896; cf p. 5. During the next few village of ruins,

]

much plundering continued at Hibeh, among the chief finds being a number of large demotic papyrus rolls, which were discovered together in a pot inside the town close to the east wall in the southern portion of the site. These were bought in Cairo by Lord Crawford, and having passed with the rest of his

years

Rylands Library are now being edited John Rylauds Library, The site, especially the necropolis, had thus been thoroughly pp. 38 sqq. ransacked before Ahmed Bey Kamal in the year preceding our excavations was sent by the authorities of the Cairo Museum to investigate the place. His excavations, which lasted only a short time, produced no results of importance papyri

into

by Mr. F.

cf.

the

possession

LI. Griffith in

of

the

the Demotic Papyri of the

his report in Aiiiiales dii Service des Autiquitcs,

We

ii.

pp. 84-91.

had taken the precaution of bringing thirty workmen with us from the F'ayOm, and our anticipations that the local inhabitants would not be satisfactory were fully justified. The villagers of Hibeh, having hardly any land to cultivate, earn their living by antiquity-plundering or salt-digging in the neighbouring

INTRODUCTION desert

;

work

for regular

at the

3

normal rate of wages they were not

in

the

the inhabitants of the village on the island were not least to be of much use in the rather difficult task of clearing sufficiently intelligent had no hesitation in deciding out the remains of a much plundered cemetery. disposed, while

We

The tomb which had at which part of the necropolis to begin operations. produced the papyri brought to us in the Fayiim was about 150 yards outside the town, in a rocky ridge which faced the north wall and ran from almost the river bank towards a square brick-walled enclosure near the north-east and the report of Shekh Hassan's ex-reis that wushdsh corner of the town ;

zvaraq ('faces of paper,' the Arabic term for papyrus-cartonnage) were to be found in this quarter was confirmed by the presence of many broken Ptolemaic

mummies and

The area limestone sarcophagi strewn about in the vicinity. by the town wall, on the north and north-east by the

bounded on the south

rocky ridge just mentioned, forms a triangular depression, of which the base is the margin of cultivation on the west, and the apex the brick enclosure on the east. The surface of the desert, which rises in an easterly direction, was to a large extent covered with loose debris, consisting partly of rubbish thrown out

XX

1st Dynasty and from the town between the time of its foundation in the the Ptolemaic period, with occasional accumulations of later date above the earlier mounds, partly of bricks which had fallen down from the wall or belonged

had stood there before the Ptolemaic period, partly of limestone chips from the rock-tombs scooped out in the ridge to the north and to the buildings that

underneath the wall

itself,

of which

we

shall

speak presently.

Throughout

this

debris at intervals were Ptolemaic burials, mostly in plain limestone sarcophagi,

rudely painted or plain wooden ones, rarely in pottery coffins, and The bodies were mummified and occasionally without any sarcophagus at all. generally ornamented with detachable cartonnage, either of cloth or papyrus,

sometimes

in

very similar

to the

in the style of decoration

Fayum

cartonnage.

In

many

are externally indistinguishable from those from the Fayum but in the Hibeh cartonnage the lower border of the head-pieces more commonly has a white band with a red check-pattern, and in the breast-

cases

the Hibeh

mummies

;

though these are sometimes very large, the interstices between the figures or other objects painted have not infrequently been cut out, while foot-pieces

pieces,

are generally absent, but where found

are of the larger kind and

do not

degenerate into the two small pieces of cartonnage attached to the soles which The burials in the debris were very shallow, are so common in the Fayfim. feet from the surface, occasionally only a few than or three usually not more two inches below

seven feet of

it,

though

Roman

in

some

parts

it

was necessary to dig through

rubbish to reach the Ptolemaic

B 2

level.

six or

In the lower ground,

4

HI BE 1 1 PAPYRI

•

which had been much dug by scbakJi'in, near the river bank damp had proved fatal to the cartonnage, and even higher up the rise was often insufficient to protect the mummies from the moisture soaking through the soil from below, In the process of particularly when they had not been buried in the stone chips. digging through the rubbish of the late New Empire period to find the Ptolemaic sarcophagi, a few antiquities, such as scarabs and amulets, were found, and in the accumulations of the Roman period some small pieces of papyrus, none In the Roman rubbish mounds and of which is later than the third century.

some places

in

mummies very bands. From

the earlier debris

in

we

also

discovered

heavily draped, especially round

number

a

of plain

the face, and tied with red

which these were lying and the occurrence of the neighbouring cemetery of Maghagha {Arch. appears that this style of burial continued down to it Report, 1902-3, p. 3), the sixth century, but most of the Hibeh examples were probably earlier for in one spot near the west end of the rocky ridge, where a large number of these later burials had been made, we also found, not far from each other, two admirably preserved portrait-mummies similar to those discovered at Hawara and Rubayyat in the Fayum. One of these (a woman) is now in the Cairo Museum, the other (a man) in the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge. plain mummy found in the same group was inscribed EvSa? Ilrec^opwros (erous) ia\os

TLS

.

.

ye

.

((TTl

23

[

6[

joy [.

Fr.

'.]oa6v[

Fr. (/).

(^).

Im[.]a7r

.

[ '

50 45

.

P]ovXofi[

xpovoi^

J^"^"'

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yeycoy

]y

]ra_f£rf»'ou[

Fr. (^)

= P.

Grenf.

]ayovTa yap ]y\[.]

55

]

irpos

60

Grenf. II.

]/ieTXT;/i[

\_

/ue^ya

/ca/fo/x

rjSovq?

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Col.

65

Col.

i.

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(d).

i

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kXvcou

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Ka\

ii.

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2.

HIDEH PAPYRI

24

]AeTai

75

Ti[ t

)

7o ava]Kropov

^

•

[

1-2. The reference is probably to the capture of Thebes. 3-8. Blass proposes the following restoration of these lines \vvv ovv, TeXols -yap Ttor [e^'

riv

\(p6iT(o

op/iijo-o)

MfXtaypw

[wy 7rarpaS]eX(^o) TT/jo^oJ/i 'at,

\6yaiv «xftf,

e/icoj/

npa^iv

npoa-fjK'ei

ttoS/,

8[(op\f]fiaTn

KarTOTT\r]p(od;i

rdcfyos

InavTCiv (KiCycou to>u K(KaWi(TTtvp.(V(i>v \a

For see

b^wp'iipaTa cf. I\re(I.

947

To'iai

Swp' « KaXXto-revfrtu

position of the verse in

dv8pd(nv 'vupai irptird.

k\€Ivo'is

Onsl. 123 vtpTtpwv Ttoi/

hu>pi]naTa,

i^w eV

and

for KiKa\\i(jT(vpivu>v in the

a/'^pa)7ro((Tii'.

middle voice

ubt\(pov MeXfaypov occurs in the

same

SuppL 904.

with (KTren\j{ypf6' in the next line. margin, two horizontal strokes and a comma-shaped sign below, perhaps indicate the close of a scene cf. 1. 35. by the 16. This line is on a small detached strip; its position here is only suggested certain. all at and is not papyrus the of appearance 21. This line was the last of the column. 22 sqq. The speaker is probably Oeneus and the sense of the passage seems to have 10.

Perhaps

15.

The marks

Trpo^crBexcafieO',

in the

;

been similar to that

in

Otfuus Fr. 569 (Nauck) AI. (TV

8'

wS'

01. ot /itV yap ovKfT 1.

22

pui

:

cinoXXvaai

(prjpos ^vpfnix^^i' flaiv,

ol

8

IjvTfS

;

kukoi.

i, lo, 32, and 60 certainly are so. 11. is perhaps the first of a column rather spaced out. 35. The letters of this heading, no doubt a stage-direction, are is right the play had a female Chorus. ;

5.

Mummy

A.

Fr,

(,?)

10-4

x

24-.-)

rw.

PlIII.KMON

If

(?).

Circa n,r. 280-240,

Pi atf III (Fr.

o,

Cols,

ii-iii).

has been Ihc subject of nuich speculation upon what Greek original the Plays of Po,seidippus and, of course, Menander Aululai-ia of Plautus was based. It

been suggested, but with little plausibility, and the general verdict has been that of not proven. Happily a small portion of the original comedy now appears to have come to light in the fragments below, which belong to the same hav^e

NEW

5.

MS.

as P. Grenf. II. 8

[b),

CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS

25

and the author of which Blass has identified with This identification rests upon the occurrence

great probability as Philemon. at

1.

28 of the

from Philemon

name

Eustath. ad Horn.

in

wy

brjXol,

(Kock,

Fr.

189).

at

sight to be

TTore

7/^•,

first

KpotVooi in the

This

argument

for there

is

position of the verse as in a quotation

p. 1701. 6 raTavraXov rdXavra,

Kpotcrw

eiTrwy'

^acrt, i^o[

[']f^^X^[

(f)iXTa[T

CO

TTOf^y

SlK

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ov$eu toiov\t .

.

vy Se T19

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45 Fr.

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