Full version available as a PDF

MATRILINEAL (mtDNA) ANCESTRY OF CECILIA LOCKWOOD PRESENTED AS A DIRECT ALL-MATERNAL LINEAGE USING AN ANCESTRAL LINES PAIRING SYSTEM Capers W. McDonald Each mother shares a significant link to all the mothers of prior generations through her personal experiences. Like those of the past, she enjoys special bonds with her children and knows the joys and unavoidable sorrows of family life. Especially for daughters, our mothers are usually the primary role models for each successive generation. Other than in daily life, reliving these experiences can be particularly rewarding when exploring family history and genealogy through a woman’s matrilineal heritage. Bringing that extended heritage into the present can be an engaging journey of discovery and then of sharing. Like many Americans, Cecilia Lockwood and her kin have a family history that includes several lines of immigrants from different periods and regions. Along her matrilineal (direct allmaternal) lineage are other women who over many years lived in South Carolina, New York, the Duchy of Genoa in the Kingdom of Sardinia (1815-1848, later the Kingdom of Italy), 1 and the Duchy and Kingdom of Württemberg 2 (of the German Confederation from 1815). 3 Six ancestral generations carry this lineage back into the early 1700s. Traditional sources provide a detailed history and documented genealogy of these lives. However, guidance from “genetic genealogy” provided a crucial signpost in that search and pointed traditional research in the direction of central Europe. Both traditional genealogical research and genetic genealogical testing for Cecilia Lockwood demonstrate that this contemporary South Carolinian has a matrilineal ancestry during historical times from what is presently the region of Germany and Eastern Europe. 4 As for many early Europeans, Cecilia’s genetic genealogy on that continent, dating to about 25,000 years ago, indicates an even more ancient ancestry in what is today the Near and Middle East, living millennia before any extensive European population existed. 5 1

Harry Hearder, Italy: A Short History (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990), Chapt. 6, “The Risorgimento, 1790-1861,” 153-187. In 1815, following Napoleon’s defeat and the restructuring of Europe at the Congress of Vienna, the Republic of Genoa was incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia as a Duchy until 1848, when the department (later province) of Genoa was organized under Savoyard unification. In 1861, the extensive Kingdom of Sardinia changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy and in 1865 moved its capital from the Savoy headquarters in Turin to Florence and then to Rome. 2 Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Ed., Vol. 28 (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/ topic/650066/Wurttemberg), “Württemberg.” As a political state, Württemberg was a Duchy 1495-1803 then an Electorate 1803-1806 of the Holy Roman Empire, and thereafter a Kingdom 1806-1918. Württemberg is home to the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) and the brothers Grimm fairy tales (Märchen), first published in 1812. 3 A. H. L. Heeren, A Manual of the History of the Political System of Europe and Its Colonies (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1873), 480-481. 4 Family Tree DNA (Houston, Texas; www.familytreedna.com) mtDNA Full Sequence test results indicate that Cecilia Lockwood – as well as her mother, all her full siblings and all her female sibling’s children – are, scientifically speaking, of phylogenetic clade or haplogroup K (specifically Hg K1c1). The “Genealogical Summary” section of this article provides traditional documentation for her recorded ancestral lineage. 5 Haplogroup K originated about 25,000 years ago as one of three descendant European branches of ancestral haplogroup U, the origin for which is generally localized in the Near and Middle East about 50,000 years ago. The mtDNA sequences of Europeans are assorted into ten major haplogroups, alphabetically named H, J, K, N1, T, U4, 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 1 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

This article is focused on three primary contributions. The first is to highlight the benefit of having a reliable indication, based on personal genetic testing, of the ethnic group and geographic region in which to search for a most distant matrilineal ancestor. The second is to provide a more useful format of ancestral lines pairing by generation to organize and present such a direct all-maternal lineage. The third is to document as a specific example the matrilineal ancestry of this contemporary American family for the first time. Genetic testing for genealogy and family history is a relatively new means of better understanding our individual and family group ancestry. Such “genetic genealogy” works best when traditional genealogical documentation is correlated with the test results. A very useful aspect of available testing can be to assess our matrilineal (direct all-maternal) lineage using variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). As will be shown, this can point us to the ethnicity and likely region of our earliest discoverable maternal ancestor, anywhere in the world. The results of these combined approaches – traditional and scientific – then can be organized effectively to present any matrilineal ancestry for reference and further development. A relatively simple biological test now can provide any person – man, woman or child – with information identifying their individual and group ancestry along their all-female maternal lineage. This is achieved with a test of the mtDNA found in loose cells obtained from inside the mouth, which are gathered by a sputum sample or painless cheek swab using a test kit mailed from any of several companies that test and report confidential results. 6 The results do not include any medical or paternity information, providing only the determined maternal heritage. This is the mtDNA ancestry for the mother and all siblings having the same mother of the person tested. It carries back in time along the all-female maternal line – the mother, grandmother, great-grandmother and so forth. Enough individual samples have now been tested worldwide to provide us with relatively clear mtDNA ancestries that are identified in both time and place. For any such ancestral pedigree, a straightforward new numbering system can be used to display the component lines by generation. This “Ancestral Lines Pairing System” (Ancestral Lines) 7 first organizes and numbers each direct line to present these as continuous ancestral lineages – setting and maintaining the direct “ancestral line” numbers. It next visibly numbers successive generations along each line as simply as possible, with each mother’s and father’s generation number always being one greater than the generation number of their children. Either the maternal (female) or paternal (male) line may be selected as “primary” for each pairing. In the case of organizing the matrilineal (mtDNA) heritage, this most efficiently is U5, V, X and W. As an example, about half of the European mtDNA “pool” is thought to be of haplogroup H. (See Torroni, et al., Am. J. Human Genetics 55(1994):760-776, “mtDNA and the origin of Caucasians;” Torroni, et al., Genetics 144(1996):1835-1850, “Classification of European mtDNAs from an analysis of three European populations;” Macaulay, et al., Am. J. Human Genetics 64(1999):232-249, “The emerging tree of West Eurasian mtDNA;” Richards, et al., Am. J. Human Genetics 67(2000): 1251-1276, “Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool.”) The full “phylogenetic tree” of global human mtDNA variation currently is updated online every six months (M. van Oven and M. Kayser, “Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation,” Human Mutation 30(2)(2009):E386-E394. http://www.phylotree.org.). 6 International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG, www.isogg.org), “List of DNA Testing Companies.” Largest established companies providing genetic testing for family history and genealogical purposes currently include 23andMe, AncestryDNA, DNA Diagnostics Center (AncestrybyDNA), BritainsDNA, GeneByGene (Family Tree DNA), National Geographic Society (Genographic Project), and others. 7 “Numbering System for Antecedents and Outcomes,” United States Patent 8,447,763 also covered by international Patent Cooperation Treaty Regulations (Washington, DC: USPTO, 2013). A specific application of this patent, the Ancestral Lines Pairing System is freely available for personal record-keeping, research, educational and other non-commercial uses and readily may be licensed without charge for commercial genealogy and family history purposes. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 2 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

selecting the female lines. 8 In cultural kinship systems, such lineages form the mother-of-mother core of “matrilineal descent groups,” which consist of “a woman, her brothers and sisters, her own children, her sisters’ (but not her brothers’) children, and the children of her daughters (but not of her sons).” Such “matrilineality is not the same as matriarchy, in which women hold the formal positions of power.” 9 A direct, all-male patrilineal (Y-DNA) lineage logically would use the male lines as primary, generally similar to a “patrilineal descent group.” In the three-number format of the Ancestral Lines system employed here, the two calculated indicators for lines and generations are shown for each person in the extended ancestry. For those of the matrilineal line and their siblings, who are the focus of this mtDNA lineage, these two numbers are followed by a third indicator that is assigned sequentially based on known or assigned birth order of siblings and maternal half-siblings. This additional sibling indicator alternatively can be assigned for all members of the extended ancestry, not just the matrilineal line and their siblings, once again displaying rankings based on birth order. The Ancestral Lines format therefore does not merely provide index locator numbers, but also visibly conveys identifying information beginning with the individual’s family line and generation. A further brief description of the full Ancestral Lines system follows this article’s “Genealogical Summary,” and a more complete presentation, including other examples, was published in 2011. 10

8

An example of such “Mother line primary” or “Father line primary” selection is available as a feature of Family Book Creator (http://www.familybookcreator.com), a software program produced as a plugin extension for Family Tree Maker (http://www.familytreemaker.com) by Stefan Harms of Hamburg, Germany. 9 Serena Nanda, Richard L. Warms, Cultural Anthropology, Eleventh Ed. (Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2011), 155. 10 Capers W. McDonald, An Ancestral Lines Pairing System: Uniquely Numbering Each Ancestral Line, Generation, Pairing and Sibling, New England Historic Genealogical Society (http://www.AmericanAncestors.org), 2011. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 3 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

This initial organization for the matrilineal ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood – her mtDNA lineage – is as follows. All German locations indicated are in Württemberg.

1.6 Catharina Sieger –––––– b. 1725-35 Baltmannsweiler d. aft. 1758 Baltmannsweiler | | 1.5 Catharina Stiefel –––––– b. 1756 Baiereck d. aft. 1799 Baltmannsweiler | | 1.4 Regina Pracht –––––––– b. 1792 Baltmannsweiler d. 1839 Aichelberg Parish | | 1.3 Louisa Kossmann ––––– b. 1834 Schanbach d. 1905 Charleston, S.C. | | 1.2 Elvina M. Buero ––––––– b. 1869 Charleston, S.C. d. 1925 Charleston, S.C. | | 1.1 Lucy Ambrose Rabb ––– b. 1892 Charleston, S.C. d. 1937 Charleston, S.C. | | 1.0 Cecilia Lockwood ––––– b. 1927 Charleston, S.C.

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

m. 33.6 Andreas Stiefel 1754 b. 1710-20 Baiereck d. aft. 1758 Württemberg

m. 17.5 Johannes Pracht 1785 b. 1760 Baltmannsweiler d. 1831 Baltmannsweiler

m.

9.4 Johann Adam Kossmann 1814 b. 1789 Schanbach d. 1846 Schanbach

m.

5.3 Emanuel (Boero) Buero abt. b. 1821 Genoa, K. Sardinia 1852 d. 1901 Charleston, S.C.

m.

3.2 George W. Rabb, Jr. 1888 b. 1865 Charleston, S.C. d. 1913 Charleston, S.C.

m.

2.1 James Jervey Lockwood 1921 b. 1894 Charleston, S.C. d. 1961 Charleston, S.C.

m.

WalBern McDonald 1951 b. 1926 Georgetown, S.C. d. 1995 Georgetown, S.C.

Page 4 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Cecilia1.0:4 Lockwood was born in Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina 9 November 1927, the fourth child and third daughter of Lucy Ambrose (Rabb)1.1 and James Jervey2.1 Lockwood. 11 “Celia” graduated among 175 young women in Memminger High School’s 88th annual commencement exercises in Charleston on 6 June 1946 12 and was named “Most Popular” in the 1946 Memminger yearbook. 13 She participated actively in the social life of the city and, for example, was a bridesmaid in a ceremony “in the Citadel chapel” later that same June. 14 She then was employed for a short time at Conklin’s Dress Shop in downtown Charleston. 15 “Celia” Lockwood received her nursing degree on 5 June 1950 from the St. Francis Xavier School of Nursing in Charleston. 16 She had additional nurse training in Washington, District of Columbia, during 1950-1951, 17 first at St. Elizabeth’s Psychiatric Hospital, 18 then at Children’s Hospital. 19 She received her certification as a Registered Nurse in the State of South Carolina on 17 January 1951. 20 11

State of South Carolina Board of Health, Charleston, S.C., Birth Certificate 1645, “Cecilia Lockwood 9 November 1927; Father, James Jervey Lockwood; Mother (Maiden Name), Lucy Ambrose Rabb.” 12 The Charleston Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 7 June 1946, “Commencement Exercises Are Held in High, Junior High and Grammar Schools of City / …last night held commencement exercises that brought to a close the school year. / At the 88th annual commencement exercises of Memminger high school 175 graduates received diplomas… / Memminger… General [Course graduates, including] Celia Lockwood…” 13 Edna Parham Papers, 1881-1997, Box 3, South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, S.C., The Owlet, 1946 Memminger High School yearbook (Charleston, S.C.), Celia Lockwood named “Most Popular” on class “Who’s Who” page. George Calvin Rogers, Jr. Papers, 1847-1997, South Caroliniana Library Manuscripts Division, Univ. South Carolina, Columbia, S.C. (http://library.sc.edu/socar/uscs/ 2007/roggeo07.html), “George C. Rogers, Jr… From 1936 to 1946, he was principal of Memminger High School for Girls and Assistant Superintendent. From 1946 to 1955, Rogers was Superintendent of Charleston schools.” 14 The Charleston Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 24 June 1946, “Miss Howard is Bride of Mr. Harrill.” 15 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 24 Oct. 1969, “Conklin’s.” 16 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 7 June 1950, image and caption, “GRADUATES AND BISHOP – Members of the graduating class at St. Francis Xavier infirmary are shown at exercises Monday night [5 June] with the Most Rev. John J. Russell, [newly appointed] Roman Catholic bishop of Charleston. They are…Third row, left to right…[including] Celia Lockwood, Charleston; Bishop Russell…” 17 Personal communication of 8 June 2006. 18 The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.), 23 April 2010, “St. Elizabeths focuses on its future / …Opened in 1855, St. Elizabeths was founded in an era when the seriously mentally ill were far less likely to return home. Instead, they were brought to idyllic settings like the one the activist Dorothea Dix staked out for what was originally called the Government Hospital for the Insane. ¶ Set above the Anacostia and Potomac rivers, the hospital that [officially in 1916] would come to be called St. Elizabeths was created to care for members of the armed forces and District residents. Through four wars, starting with the Civil war, the hospital grew into a complex of more than 100 buildings on more than 300 acres. It would become a pioneer in psychiatric care and research, and at its peak, in 1945, it housed 7,450 patients. ¶ But the federal government’s decision in 1946 to stop sending servicemen there was the first in a wave of changes that would transform the hospital over the second half of the 20th century. Deinstitutionalization came next, as states began emptying their asylums and moving to treat the mentally ill in the community.” 19 Paul K. Williams, The House History Man (Washington, D.C.: http://househistoryman. blogspot.com/2012/03/childrens-hospital-cemetery-at-13th-and.html), 24 March 2012, “…1870, the ‘Children’s Hospital of the District of Columbia’ was incorporated… A nurses training department was established in 1891… Children’s Hospital was expanded again in 1950, when a large building was constructed on the property along 12th Street.” 20 State Board of Examination and Registration of Nurses for South Carolina, “This is to Certify, that Celia Lockwood…has fulfilled all requirements of the law governing the registration of nurses in the State of South Carolina and is now entitled to be known and styled as a Registered Nurse…this 17th day of January, 1951. No. 7347.” 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 5 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Cecilia Lockwood married in Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina 16 May 1951, WalBern McDonald, 21 who was born in Georgetown 15 April 1926 and died there 14 October 1995. 22 Together they raised two children, the author and a daughter, Rebecca Lockwood McDonald. For her 80th birthday in 2007, Cecilia L. McDonald received a written greeting from then President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush. 23 Cecilia Lockwood McDonald, R.N., retired in 1963 as an experienced nurse with the obstetrics and gynecology practice of Dr. Robert L. Lumpkin in Georgetown. 24 She previously had worked as a nurse with Dr. Robert E. Quinn 25 at the Georgetown Medical Clinic 26 and earlier at the Georgetown Memorial Hospital. 27 Cecilia Lockwood also is a direct descendant of a long line of seafaring Lockwood men, including an elected harbormaster, entrepreneurial tugboat company founder, and celebrated blockade runner of the American Civil War. The story of these men may be told accompanying her patrilineal (Y-DNA) ancestry, beginning with her father, James Jervey Lockwood, and back through ten generations and 400 years evidently to English immigrant Sergeant Robert Lockwood, 28 who first arrived in Massachusetts by 1633, possibly with the Winthrop fleet of 1630. 29 21

State of South Carolina, Georgetown County, Marriage Certificate, 16 May 1951, “WalBern McDonald and Cecilia Lockwood.” 22 Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Elmwood Cemetery, Georgetown, Georgetown Co., S.C., “WalBern McDonald / April 15, 1926 / October 14, 1995.” 23 The White House, Washington, posted 26 Oct. 2007 (possession of Cecilia L. McDonald), “Happy birthday! We are pleased to add our best wishes to your celebration. May your special day be filled with joy, cherished memories, and the love of friends and family. With warm regards, [signed] George W. Bush [and] Laura Bush.” 24 The State (Columbia, S.C.), 2 April 2008 (www.genealogybank.com), obituary, “GEORGETOWN – Dr. Robert L. Lumpkin…residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1955. Dr. Lumpkin moved to Georgetown, South Carolina, and practiced at Georgetown Memorial Hospital from 1955, until his retirement in 1987.” 25 United States Social Security Death Index, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/pal:/ MM9.1.1/JYHX86Y), “Robert Quinn [birth] 14 Sep. 1922 [residence] Georgetown, S.C. [event] March 1971.” 26 The Georgetown Times (Georgetown, S.C.), 14 Aug. 1969, “…the staff of the Miller, Tiller and Quinn Medical Clinic in Georgetown.” The Georgetown Times (Georgetown, S.C.), 7 Dec. 1961, “Georgetown’s new Easter Seal Center located in the Medical Building on Highmarket Street. …Through the kindness and interest of Drs. Miller, Tiller, and Quinn, who provided three rooms in their office building…” The Georgetown Times (Georgetown, S.C.), 25 June 1959, “Dr. and Mrs. H. C. Tiller, Dr. and Mrs. S. E. Miller, Dr. and Mrs. R. E. Quinn…” 27 The Georgetown Times (Georgetown, S.C.), 22 May 1951, “Miss Cecilia Lockwood… For the last several months she has been a member of the nursing staff of the Georgetown Memorial Hospital.” 28 Capers W. McDonald, “Warner Lockwood of New York, North Carolina and Illinois,” The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record (New York: NYGBS, 2014), 145:195. 29 Donald Lines Jacobus, History and Genealogy of the Families of Old Fairfield, (New Haven, Conn.: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1930) 1:715, “The first Robert (page 380) was son of Edmond of Combs, co. Suffolk, and bapt. 18 Jan. 1600; his bro. Edmond was bapt. 9 Feb. 1594. They came in the Winthrop fleet, 1630. [Charles E. Banks: The Winthrop Fleet (1930), pp. 79, 80.]” Charles Edward Banks, The Winthrop Fleet of 1630 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1930), 91, “Sergeant [Lockwood] This name appears in Winthrop’s list, but no further record has been found. No person of this name is known to have come to New England as early as 1630, and it is possible that Winthrop meant to designate ‘Sergeant’ Robert Lockwood by his title as the name appears next to one believed to refer to Edmond Lockwood…” Robert Charles Anderson, The Winthrop Fleet, Massachusetts Bay Company Immigrants to New England 1629-1630 (Boston: NEHGS, 2012), 700-701, provides an image of Winthrop’s original list and its transcription. Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635 (Boston: NEHGS, 2005), 4:314, “…the pattern of his landholding in Watertown and presence in New England of the woman he married several years earlier [Susanna Norman] lead us to conclude that he actually arrived by 1633 [Connecticut Ancestry 47:123]. He may even have come over with his brother Edmund Lockwood in 1630.” 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 6 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

GENEALOGICAL SUMMARY First Ancestral Generation 1.1:2 LUCY AMBROSE RABB (Elvina M. Buero,1.2 Louisa Kossmann,1.3 Regina Pracht,1.4 Catharina Stiefel,1.5 Catharina Sieger1.6) was born in Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina, 7 December 1892, daughter of Elvina M. (Buero)1.2:7 Rabb and George Washington3.2 Rabb, Jr. 30 She died in Charleston 6 January 1937. 31 She married, as his first wife, in Charleston 18 January 1921, 2.1 JAMES JERVEY LOCKWOOD, 32 who was born in Charleston 24 August 1894. 33 Miss Lucy1.1:2 Rabb was a “saleslady” with the David Outfitting Company in Charleston from 1910 through 1920. 34 Of this establishment, the Charleston Tour Guide of 1912 said, “On the corner of King and Wentworth Streets is The David Outfitting Company, a Broadway store set down in Charleston… So high is the David standard of quality that the name is in Charleston to the men’s clothing trade what Sterling is to silver everywhere.” 35 As described below, she married at the age of 29 and had four children during 1921-1927. She is first listed with James J. Lockwood in the Charleston, South Carolina City Directory in 1921. 36 Her 1937 obituary provided the following summary: Funeral services for Mrs. Lucy Rabb Lockwood, who died yesterday at a local infirmary, will be held at noon today at the [Catholic] Cathedral of St. John the Baptist… Burial will be in Magnolia cemetery…

30 South Carolina Dept. Health and Environmental Control, Death Certificate 37-170184, 6 January 1937, “Lucy Lockwood (Birth, Death, Profession); Father, George W. Rabb; Mother (Maiden Name), Elva Buero; Surviving Spouse, James J. Lockwood.” The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 13 January 1889, Marriages, “On Sunday afternoon, Dec. 30, 1888 at the Pro-Cathedral, by the Rt. Rev. H. P. Northrop – George W. Rabb, Jr. to Elva M. Buero, both of this city.” [The Pro-Cathedral or “mother church” of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston, which includes all of S.C., also is known as the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, located since 1821 on Broad Street in Charleston.] 31 South Carolina Dept. Health and Environmental Control, Death Certificate 37-170184, 6 January 1937. Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “LOCKWOOD / DEC. 7, 1892 LUCY RABB JAN. 6, 1937.” 32 Board of Health, City of Charleston, S.C., Charleston County Probate Court, Marriage Return 006-2146, 18 January 1921, “James Jervey Lockwood and Lucy Ambrose Rabb.” James J. Lockwood household, 1930 U.S. census, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll 2189, p. 14B. 33 Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “LOCKWOOD / AUG. 24, 1894 JAMES JERVEY MAY 5, 1961.” South Carolina Dept. Health and Environmental Control, Death Certificate, 61-006452, 5 May 1961. 34 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1910-1920), 1910:375, “Rabb Lucy Miss, saleslady David Outfitting Co, r[esides] 102 Queen.” 35 Moultrie News (Moultrie, S.C.), 1 June 2011, “Touring Charleston back in 1912.” 36 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1921), 411, “Lockwood James J (Lucy A), mariner, r 12 (A) Rutledge, tel 3080 L-2.”

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 7 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood Mrs. Lockwood was the wife of J. Jervey Lockwood, of the White Stack Towboat company. She lived at 53 Gibbes Street. She was forty-four years old and a native of Charleston, a daughter of the late George W. Rabb and Mrs. Elva M. Buero Rabb, both of Charleston. Surviving, besides her husband, are three daughters, Lucy, Ella and Cecilia; a son, J. Jervey Lockwood, Jr.; two sisters, Mrs. Gary Conlon, of Charleston, and Sister Magdeline, of the Convent of St. Agatha, of Philadelphia, and a brother, Joseph A. Rabb, of Charleston. 37

2.1 JAMES JERVEY LOCKWOOD was born in Charleston 24 August 1894, 38 son of Ella Ann (Whilden)2.2 and Robert Henry4.2 Lockwood. 39 He died in Charleston 5 May 1961. 40 He married second in Moncks Corner, Berkeley County, South Carolina 30 August 1939, REBECCA ALLSTON DUNCAN. 41 Capt. James Jervey2.1 Lockwood “started his career on the Charleston waterfront at the age of 14…serving his apprenticeship under his father…Capt. Robert H. Lockwood.” 42 Robert H. Lockwood was the founder of White Stack Towing Company 43 and President of Riverside Iron Works, 44 both in Charleston. James J. Lockwood was a harbor pilot by the age of 22, having been recorded as the “Master Tug Cecilia” at the time of his draft registration for World War I in 1917. 45 He owned both the tugboats Cecilia and Juno by 1937. 46

37

The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 7 Jan. 1937, “MRS. J. JERVEY LOCKWOOD.” Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “LOCKWOOD / AUG. 24, 1894 JAMES JERVEY MAY 5, 1961.” U. S. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, database and images (Ancestry.com), original record, NARA (Washington, D.C.), microfilm M1509. 39 South Carolina Dept. Health and Environmental Control, Death Certificate 61-006452, 5 May 1961, “James Jervey Lockwood (Birth, Death, Profession); Father, Robert H. Lockwood; Mother (Maiden Name), Ella Whilden; Surviving Spouse (Maiden Name), Rebecca Allston Duncan.” 40 South Carolina Dept. Health and Environmental Control, Death Certificate, 61-006452, 5 May 1961. Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “LOCKWOOD / AUG. 24, 1894 JAMES JERVEY MAY 5, 1961.” 41 State of South Carolina, Berkeley County, Marriage Certificate D-532, 30 August 1939, “James Jervey Lockwood and Rebecca Allston Duncan.” Jervey Lockwood household, 1940 U.S. census, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T627-3793, p. 61A. State of South Carolina Board of Health, Charleston, S.C., Birth Certificate 19758-1323, 28 July 1940, “Robert Henry Lockwood 3rd / Father (Profession), James Jervey Lockwood (Part owner, White Stack Towboat).” Robert H. “Rabbit” Lockwood III, the only child of James Jervey and Rebecca (Duncan) Lockwood, served as the Senior Harbor Pilot for Charleston [The Post and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 1 August 2010, “A Rabbit who won’t slow down.”]. 42 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 6 May 1961, “J. J. Lockwood, 66, Dies At Residence.” 43 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.) 22 June 1982, p. 2, Strictly Business, “On the occasion of its 100th anniversary, the White Stack Towing Co. may lay claim to a rich and picturesque tradition. …Founded in 1882 by Robert H. Lockwood, whose father was a blockade runner during the Civil War, the business owns an image steeped in Americana…” 44 Charleston, S.C. City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: W.H. Walsh Directory Co., 1900), “Lockwood, Robert H., (Ella) propr. White Stack Tugboat Co. & Pres. Riverside Iron Works” Charleston, S.C. City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: W.H. Walsh Directory Co., 1901), advert., “R.H. Lockwood, Pres. / G.H.W. Bruggemann, Sec. & Treas. / Riverside Iron Works / Palmetto Wharf, Charleston, S.C. / Engineers, Machinists, Boilermakers, Founders.” 45 U. S. World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, database and images (Ancestry.com), original record, NARA (Washington, D.C.), microfilm M1509. 46 Merchant Vessels of the United States 1937 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1937), 21, “Official no. 126028 / Rig St. s. [Steam ship] Cecilia / Tonnage Gross 98 / Length 92.2 Breadth 20.0 Depth 8.6 / built 1882 Camden, N.J. / Service Tow[boat] Crew 6 Horsepower 500 / owner James Jervey Lockwood Home port Charleston, S.C.” 38

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 8 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

The South Carolina Board of Harbor Commissioners elected Capt. Lockwood Harbor Master in 1944 and re-elected him to serve through 1952. 47 During the “Great Storm” hurricane of 1911, he and his younger brother, George McDougal Lockwood, helped secure the White Stack Towing Company’s ships against the storm. The following exploit from that occasion is attributed to George M. Lockwood: Captain Lockwood… sailed a tug over the old Ashley River bridge in the great storm of 1911. You ought to hear him tell about it. The waves apparently were breaking right over the old mill which stood on the point across from here. Captain Lockwood says, “Ma Daddy tole me you better git that tug out o’ here. So Ah did.” There was such a rise of tide with the wind that he had enough water to clear the span. 48 2.1

Children of Lucy Ambrose (Rabb)1.1 and James Jervey

Lockwood: 49

1.0: 1 LUCY ELIZABETH LOCKWOOD born 18 Oct. 1921 Columbia, Richland Co., S.C.; died 3 Aug. 1991 Charleston; married abt. 1939 Charleston, ROBERT SAMUEL TOVEY. 50 1.0: 2 JAMES JERVEY LOCKWOOD, JR. born 10 Nov. 1923 Charleston; died 4 Nov. 2001 Charleston, 51 a harbor pilot in Charleston; 52 married 23 Aug. 1945 Charleston, LOIS MAE PETIT. 53 1.0: 3 ELLA WHILDEN LOCKWOOD born 18 June 1925 Charleston; 54 died 27 April 2009 Orangeburg, Orangeburg Co., S.C.; married 2 July 1945, JAMES CUTHBERT SHECUT, M.D. 55 1.0: 4 CECILIA LOCKWOOD born 9 Nov. 1927 Charleston; married 16 May 1951 Georgetown, Georgetown Co., S.C., WALBERN MCDONALD.

47

The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 22 June 1982, p. 2, Strictly Business, “White Stack Towing Co. …Founded in 1882 by Robert H. Lockwood… playing their indispensable role in the ushering of maritime commerce. As ownership passed from fathers to sons… James Jervey Lockwood was a harbor master.” The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 6 May 1961. 48 Anthony Bailey, The Inside Passage (New York: Macmillan, 1965), 103. 49 James J. Lockwood household, 1930 U.S. census, Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina, District 3, Roll 2198, p. 14B. 50 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 4 August 1991, Obituary, “Lucy L. Tovey.” Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Paul’s Episcopal Church Cemetery, Yonges Island, Charleston Co., S.C. 51 Social Security Death Index, South Carolina, No. 251-40-2206, issued before 1951. 52 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 5 November 2001, Obituary, “Entered into eternal rest…November 4, 2001, Captain James Jervey Lockwood, Jr. Residence, Charleston, SC…born November 10, 1923 in Charleston…son of James Jervey and Lucy Rabb Lockwood…retired Charleston Harbor Pilot…survived by a son, James J. Lockwood, III of Mt. Pleasant…” 53 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 5 November 2001, Obituary. 54 Social Security Death Index, South Carolina, No. 251-40-2206, issued before 1951. 55 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 28 April 2009, Obituary, “Ella Lockwood Shecut.” The Charleston Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 2 July 1945, “Miss Ella Lockwood Wed at Noon To Lieut. Shecut in Grace Church / Miss Ella Whilden Lockwood, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Jervey Lockwood, of 111 South Battery, became the bride… Mrs. Shecut was graduated from Memminger High School and attended Rice Business college.” 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 9 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Second Ancestral Generation 1.2:7 ELVINA M. BUERO (Louisa Kossmann,1.3 Regina Pracht,1.4 Catharina Stiefel,1.5 Catharina Sieger1.6) was born in Charleston 1869, 56 daughter of Louisa (Kossmann)1.3:10 and Emmanuel5.3 Buero. 57 She died in Charleston 26 Dec. 1925 and was buried in St. Lawrence Cemetery. 58 She married in Charleston 30 Dec. 1888, 3.2 GEORGE WASHINGTON RABB, JR., 59 who was born in Charleston August 1865. 60 Miss Elvina M.1.2:7 Buero was a milliner with E. Spanier “dry goods, &c.,” 269 King Street in Charleston, in 1888 and 1889. 61 As described below, she married at the age of 19 and had five children during 1890-1906. 3.2 GEORGE WASHINGTON RABB, JR. was born in Charleston August 1865, 62 son of Ellen Josephine3.3 (Murray) 63 Rabb, 64 a nurse, and George Washington7.3 Rabb, Sr. 65 He died in Charleston 17 Oct. 1913 and was buried in St. Lawrence Cemetery. 66 56

Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “ELVINA M. RABB.” William J. Fleming household, 1920 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T625-1687, Page 12B, 8 Jan. 1920. 57 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 2, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll M593-1486, Page 73B, 9 June 1870, “Emanuel Buro” [age] 48 [therefore b. abt. 1822] Genoa Italy “Fruiterer” / Louisa [age] 35 [b. abt. 1835] “Wertemburg Ger.” / Theodora [age] 12 [b. abt. 1858] SC “At school” / Louisa [age] 4 [b. abt. 1866] SC / Elvina [age] 2 [b. abt. 1868] SC. Emanuel Buero household, 1880 U.S. census, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll 1222, Page 186B, “Buero Emanuel [age] 57 [therefore b. abt. 1823] Sells fruit & Confectionary [born] Italy [both parents born] Italy / Louisa [age] 45 [b. abt. 1835] Wife Keeping – house [born] Wittemberg [both parents born] Wittemberg / Louisa [age] 14 Daughter Apprce Dress-Maker [born] S.C. / Elvina [age] 12 Daughter At school [born] S.C.” South Carolina Bureau of Vital Statistics, State Board of Health, Cert. of Death State No. 20310 Local No. 4391, 26 Dec. 1925 (FamilySearch.org, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-1156016852-31?cc=1417492&wc =13787171), “Mrs. Elva M. Rabb / Widowed AGE 56 BIRTHPLACE Charleston, S.C. FATHER Emanuel Buero BIRTHPLACE Italy MOTHER Miss Louis[a] BIRTHPLACE Germany DEATH December 26, 1925 Burial St. Laurence [Lawrence] Cemetery, Dec. 28, 1925.” 58 South Carolina Bureau of Vital Statistics, State Board of Health, Cert. of Death State No. 20310 (note 56). Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston (note 55). 59 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 13 Jan. 1889, Marriages, “On Sunday afternoon, Dec. 30, 1888 at the Pro-Cathedral, by the Rt. Rev. H. P. Northrop – George W. Rabb, Jr. to Elva M. Buero, both of this city.” 60 Ellen J. Rabb household, 1900 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll 1520, Page 1A, “Rabb Ellen J. Head / Geo. W. / Son [age] 34 [born] Aug 1865 So Carolina [Occupation] Bookkeeper.” Health Dept. of the City of Charleston, Cert. of Death 1458 Reg. No. 1615 (Ancestry.com), “George W. Rabb / Age 48 [therefore b. 1865] Married Birthplace Charleston, S.C. Father G.W. Rabb Occupation Clerk (Informant) Mrs. G.W. Rabb 102 Queen [St.] DEATH Oct. 17, 1913 BURIAL St. Laurence [Lawrence] Oct. 19, 1913.” Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C. 61 Charleston City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Southern Dir. and Pub. Co., 1888, 1889) (Ancestry.com), 1888:128, “Buero Emanuel, fruiter, Market, r[esides] 152 King.” 129, “Buero Elvina Miss, milliner E. Spanier, r 154 King.” 510, “Spanier E., dry goods, &c., 269 King, r[esides] 68 Wentworth / Spanier Julius, mangr E. Spanier, r[esides] 68 Wentworth.” 1889:128, “Buero Elva M. Miss, milliner E. Spanier, bds [boards] cor [corner] King and Queen.” 62 Ellen J. Rabb household, 1900 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll 1520, Page 1A. Health Dept. of the City of Charleston, Cert. of Death 1458 Reg. No. 1615 (Ancestry.com). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 10 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

George Washington3.2 Rabb, Jr. was manager of the South Carolina Penitentiary Boot and Shoe House in 1888 and 1889. During those same years his father worked as a “pumpmaker.” 67 George, Jr. was a bookkeeper with “Enterprise Prod. Company” in Charleston in 1910. 68 Children of Elvina M. (Buero)1.2 and George Washington3.2 Rabb, Jr.: 69 63

Register of Marriage, Pro-Cathedral, Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston [translated from Latin], “Drewdy [Drawdy] and Rabb / 1906 Feb. 11 / I, the undersigned, sent declarations and mutual consent of the contracting parties, bearing the vows of the present marriage, conjoined Perry Murphy Drewdy [Drawdy] from the place Carolopoli [Charleston] in S.C. Son of Julius Drewdy [Drawdy] and Mary Jane Catayan [Catterton], Louise Lenora Rabb from the same place. Daughter of George W. Rabb and Helenae [Ellen] Josephine Murray. In the presence of witnesses Joshua Guida and Catherina [Catherine] Rabb. J. D. Budd, Rector. / Obtained dispensation for mixed religion. Spouse [Mr. Drawdy] non-Catholic baptized.” “South Carolina Deaths, 1944-1955,” FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FG1F-LCC), “Catherine R. Buck [Death] 22 Feb. 1954 Charleston, Charleston, S.C. [Age] 72 Married [Spouse] George L. Buck [Father] George W. Rabb [Mother] Ellen J. Murray.” The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 30 April 1902, Funeral Notices, “The Relatives, Friends and Acquaintances of Mr. GUS A. RABB, and of his mother, Mrs. Ellen M. [Murray] Rabb, are respectfully invited to attend the Funeral of the former, at the Pro-Cathedral, this afternoon at 4:30 o’clock.” Ellen Josephine (Murray) Rabb possibly the following “Ellen Murray” of Charleston: J. Murray household, 1860 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll M653-1216, Page 297, 1 June 1860, “J Murray [age] 49 [therefore b. abt. 1811] F[emale] [born] Ireland / John Murray [age] 50 [b. abt. 1810] M[ale] Accountant [born] Ireland / [following four youth born Ireland] James [age] 25 [b. abt. 1835] Clerk [born] Ireland / Mike [age] 20 [b. abt. 1840] Clerk [born] Ireland / Joseph [age] 15 [ b. abt. 1845] Ireland / Mary [age] 14 [b. abt. 1846] Ireland / [next three youth born S.C.] Julia [age] 10 [b. abt. 1850] So Ca / John [age] 8 [b. abt. 1852] So Ca / Ellen [age] 15 [b. abt. 1845] So Ca.” Likely two families’ children represented: Joseph age 15 and Mary age 14 both b. Ireland, Ellen age 15 b. S.C (not Joseph’s twin). 64 Edward Smith Jr., a grandson of Ellen J. Rabb, gave her maiden name as “Murphy” to the funeral home recording his mother’s death in 1971. However, this record is neither contemporary with Ellen J. Rabb nor from one of her children (as was for the 1906 marriage of her daughter, Louise Lenora Rabb). It also is less complete, not including Ellen Rabb’s middle name, “Josephine,” and thus far has not been corroborated elsewhere. The two records involving Edward Smith as the single source are as follows: The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 18 Jan. 1971, Funeral Notices, “Mrs. Edward C. Smith / GREENPOND – Mrs. Emily Rabb Smith, 89, widow of Edward C. Smith… a daughter of the late George and Ellen Murphy Rabb.” [Brice W. Herndon and Sons Funeral Home (Walterboro, S.C.), Record of Funeral, Book 1971, page 310, “Mrs. Emily Rabb Smith / Provided By: Son, Mr. Ed Smith.] The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 7 Dec. 1971, Funeral Notices, “Miss Teresa J. Rabb / WALTERBORO – Miss Teresa J. Rabb, 91, died Saturday [4 Dec. 1971] at a Columbia hospital. … a daughter of the late George and Ella [sic] Murphy Rabb. She was a Catholic.” [Brice W. Herndon and Sons Funeral Home, Record of Funeral, Book 1971, page 385, “Miss Teresa Rabb / Provided By: Ed Smith, nephew.] 65 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1908) (Ancestry.com), 363, “Rabb Ellen J, wid Geo W, r[esides] 173 Queen.” Health Dept. of the City of Charleston, Cert. of Death 1383 Reg. No. 1541, 173 Queen St., “Ellen J. Rabb [Death] Sep. 28, 1910 [Birth] May 24 1846 Widow [Birthplace] Charleston [Informant] G. W. Rabb 173 Queen St. [Burial] St. Lawrence [Cemetery].” The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 29 Sep. 1910, Obituaries, “RABB.—Died at her late residence, 173 Queen street, September 28, Ellen J. Rabb, relict of the late G. W. Rabb, Sr.” 66 Health Dept. of the City of Charleston, Cert. of Death 1458 Reg. No. 1615 (Ancestry.com), “George W. Rabb / Age 48 Married Birthplace Charleston, S.C. Father G.W. Rabb Occupation Clerk (Informant) Mrs. G.W. Rabb 102 Queen [St.] DEATH Oct. 17, 1913 BURIAL St. Laurence [Lawrence] Oct. 19, 1913.” Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C. 67 Charleston City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Southern Dir. and Pub. Co., 1888, 1889) (Ancestry.com), 1888:444, “Rabb G.W., pumpmaker, r[esides] 173 Queen / Rabb Geo. W. Jr., manager South Carolina Penitentiary Boot and Shoe House, bds [boards] 173 Queen.” 1889:440, “Rabb G.W., pumpmaker, r 173 Queen / Rabb Geo. W. Jr., mngr S. C. Penitentiary Boot and Shoe House, r 92 Queen.” 68 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1910) (Ancestry.com), 375, “Rabb Ellen J, wid Geo W, r[esides] 173 Queen / Rabb Geo W, bkkpr Enterprise Prod Co, r 173 Queen.” 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 11 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

1.1: 1 THEODORA BENEDICT RABB born 7 Aug. 1890 Charleston; died 24 May 1973 Charleston; 70 married 8 Oct. 1918 Charleston, GARRETT ALOYSIUS CONLON. 71 1.1: 2 LUCY AMBROSE RABB born 7 Dec. 1892 Charleston; died 6 Jan. 1937 Charleston; married 18 Jan. 1921 Charleston, JAMES JERVEY LOCKWOOD. 1.1: 3 MARY AGATHA RABB born Oct. 1899 Charleston; died 18 June 1925 Charleston; Academy of Sisters of Mercy, Charleston. 72 1.1: 4 JOSEPH ANTHONY RABB born 25 Jan. 1901 Charleston; died 31 March 19 1986 Ft. Walton Beach, Okaloosa Co., Fl.; 73 married 14 Jan. 1929 Florence, Florence Co., S.C., THERESA C. REDMOND. 74 1.1: 5 ANITA RABB born abt. 1906 Charleston; 75 died 6 Nov. 1982 Washington, D.C., nearly 50 years in the Roman Catholic Order of the Sisters of the Cross. 76

Third Ancestral Generation 1.3:10 LOUISA KOSSMANN (Regina Pracht,1.4 Catharina Stiefel,1.5 Catharina Sieger1.6) was born in Schanbach, Donaukreis (Danube District), Kingdom of Württemberg, 8 March 1834, and baptized there 9 March 1834, 77 daughter of Regina (Pracht)1.4:5 and Johann Adam9.4 Kossmann.78 69

William J. Fleming household, 1910 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T624-1452, Page 12A, 22 April 1910, “HEAD: Fleming, Wm J. [Age] 50 / Rabb, Mrs. Elvina Sister-in-Law Housekeeping [age] 40 [children] Rabb, Theodora 19 / Lucy 17 / Mildred 10 / Joseph 8 / Anita 4.” 70 Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “CONLON / THEODORA RABB / GARRETT ALOYSIUS.” 71 William J. Fleming household, 1920 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T625-1687, Page 12B, 8 Jan. 1920. James J. Lockwood household, 1930 U.S. census, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll 2189, Page 4B. Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Southern Printing and Pub. Co., 1927) (Ancestry.com), 194, “Conlon Garrett A (Theo B) shp clk S Hirschmann & Son h 15 Wentworth.” 72 Health Dept. of the City of Charleston, Cert. of Death 3502, June 18, 1925, “Sister Mary Agatha Rabb Age 25 yrs. 8 mos. – dys. [therefore b. Oct. 1899] Sister of Mercy [Academy of Sisters of Mercy, Charleston, S.C.] Birthplace Charleston, S.C. Father George W. Rabb Birthplace Charleston, S.C. Mother Elva M. Buero Birthplace Charleston, S.C. (Informant) Mrs. Elva Rabb 170 Queen St. City. Burial St. Laurence [Lawrence] Cemetery June 20, 1925.” 73 Florida Dept. Health, Death Record (Ancestry.com), “Joseph Anthony Rabb / Birth Jul 25, 1901 / Death Mar 31, 1986 Okaloosa Co.” U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-Current (Ancestry.com), “Joseph Rabb / 245-367868 / State issued North Carolina / Last Res. 32548 Fort Walton Beach, Okaloosa, Florida / Born 25 Jul 1901 / Died Mar 1986.” 74 The Charleston Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 29 Jan 1929, “RABB-REDMOND MARRIAGE HELD / Miss Theresa C. Redmond of Lumberton, N. C., and Mr. J. A. Rabb of this city were married in St. Anthony All Souls’ church, Florence, S. C., on January 14… Mr. and Mrs. Rabb have now returned and are making their home at 23-C Society street.” 75 William J. Fleming household, 1920 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T625-1687, Page 121B, 8 Jan. 1920. 76 The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 12 Nov. 1982, “Sister Anita Rabb Dies in Washington / Sister Anita Rabb of Washington, D.C., formerly of Charleston, died Saturday [6 Nov.] in a Washington, D.C. hospital. The funeral was held Wednesday in the Chapel of the Sisters of the Cross, Washington, D.C. Burial was in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Maryland, according to McAlister’s [Funeral Home]. Sister Anita was born in Charleston, a daughter of George W. Rabb and Elvina Buero Rabb. She was a Roman Catholic Church and a member of the Order of the Sisters of the Cross. She would have celebrated her Golden Jubilee [50 years in the Order] in December. She is survived by a brother, Joseph A. Rabb of Fort Walton Beach, Fla.” 77 Aichelberg Parish register, Protestant Evangelical (Evangelisch) church, Württemberg births and baptisms (Geburten und Taufen) 1834 (Family History Library (FHL) microfilm 1,184,640), p. 91, Louisa Kossmann, [translated from Old German Script (Alte Deutsche Schrift or Kurrentschrift)] Birth 7:00 in the morning 8 Mar. and baptism 9 Mar. in Schanbach by Vicar Stahl. Parents Johann Adam Kossmann, citizen and weaver in Schanbach, 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 12 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

She died in Charleston 15 December 1905. 79 She married first in New York, New York, 30 July 1850, CARL FLEMMING, 80 who may have died in New York City 24 October 1852, 81 or in California or while traveling that same year, or may have survived and remained in California through 1880. 82 She married second, probably in New York or South Carolina, in 1852 or early 1853 (censuses), 5.3 EMANUEL BUERO, 83 who was born “EMMANUELE BOERO” in the Duchy of Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia, 8 April 1821. 84 Louisa1.3:10 Kossmann’s first communion was recorded in the Evangelisch (Protestant Evangelical) Aichelberg Parish family registers as being in 1848. 85 She first arrived in America and his wife Regina Pracht, both Evangelical [Protestant]. Witnesses Johannes Scheldorfer, citizen and weaver in Schanbach, and Anna Maria, wife of Daniel Unrath, citizen and farmer in Schanbach. Family register p. 79. 78 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family, [translated] Birth 14 Jan. 1789. Johann Adam Kossmann, citizen (bürger) and weaver. Death 11 Sep. 1846. Father and mother on register page 72. Marriage 29 Sep. 1814 Schanbach [wife] Regina [Pracht] born 11 Feb. 1792. Death 15 Jul. 1839. Father Johannes Pracht, citizen and mason in Baltmannsweiler. Mother Catharina nee Stieflin [Stiefel] of Baierneck [Baiereck]. Children: 1. Regina Catharina (prem[arital] conc[ubitus]) birth 12 Feb. 1815. First Communion [F.C.] 1829. Death in Aichelberg 19 Mar. 1885. 2. Barbara birth 17 Sep. 1816. F.C. 1830. 3. Eva Dorothea birth 24 Sep. 1818. F.C. 1832. Marriage in Endersbach. 4. Regina birth 7 Mar. 1821. F.C. 1835. Marriage page 85, 1850. 5. Anna Maria birth 11 May 1823. F.C. 1837. 6. Georg Adam birth 14 Apr. 1825. F.C. 1839. 7. Christiana birth 16 Sep. 1827. F.C. 1841. 8. Friederica birth 16 Aug. 1829. F.C. 1843. 9. Eva Magdalena birth 3 Nov. 1831. F.C. 1845. 10. Louisa birth 8 Mar. 1834. F.C. 1848. 79 Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Saint Lawrence Cemetery, 60 Huguenin Ave., Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “Louisa Buero / Death: Dec. 15, 1905 / Charleston.” The News and Courier (Charleston, S.C.), 16 Dec. 1905, “Funeral Notices / The Relatives and Friends of Mrs LOUISA BUERO, relict of the late Emanuel Buero, and those of the family, are respectfully invited to attend her Funeral Services, at the Pro-Cathedral, this afternoon at 3 o’clock.” [The Pro-Cathedral or “mother church” of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston, which includes all of S.C., also is known as the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, located since 1821 on Broad Street in Charleston.] 80 United German Lutheran Churches (New York, New York) Church Records, 1845-1854 (FHL 1,902,068). New York City, Lutheran Church Records, 1834-1854 (Ancestry.com). Marion Wolfert, Index to Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Matthew, New York City Records (Ancestry.com), “Kossmann Louise [born] Schanbach, Wuerttemberg 1833 / married 30 Jul 1850, Carl Flemming.” 81 “New York Deaths and Burials 1795-1952” (index citing FHL 1,319,752), FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/pal:/ MM9.1.1/FDIC-VQ3). 82 California State Census, El Dorado Co., 24 June 1852, Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org, (http://familysearch.org/ pal:/MM9.1.1/V4N8-DRW), “miner” age 25 [born c. 1827] in Sweden, last residence “New York.” Evidently the same “Charles Flemming” of the 1850 U.S. census for El Dorado County. A similar Charles Fleming is found in northern California through 1880, as to be discussed. 83 Emanuele Boero household, 1856 Genoa census (Historical Archives of the Town of Genoa, Genova), pp. 447-448; [translated from Italian] “[Family Number] 36096 [Serial Number] 4291 Boero Emanuele [Father & Mother] the late Emanuele and the late Anna Grondona [birthdate] 1821 [birthplace] Genoa [residence] San Marco al Molo 139, no. 9 [profession] Dealer [married to] / [Serial Number] 4292 Boero Luisa neé Cosman [Father & Mother] Adamo & wife [birthdate] 1838 [birthplace] Germany / [Serial Number] 4293 Boero Teodora [Father & Mother] Emanuele & Luisa Cosman.” This is the earliest known record of the married couple and includes Louisa Buero’s maiden name and her father’s given name, both evidently written in phonetic Italian. It is the only known record of their daughter Teodora, born prior to this 1856 census. Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 3, Charleston Co., S.C. (FHL 1,241,520), p. 5B, 5 June 1900, “Beron, Emanef” [Age] 79 M[arried] 48 [therefore married abt. 1852] [born] Italy [both parents born] Italy [Immigration] 1848 “Na[turalized]” / “Louisa Wife” [Age] 70 M[arried] 48 [m. abt. 1852] [children] 7 [living] 3 [evidently Theodora (Buero) Fleming, Louisa A. Buero and Elvina M. (Buero) Rabb] [born] Germany [both parents born] Germany [Immigration] 1849 / “Fleming, William J. Son in Law” [born] Apl 1858 [Age] 42 M[arried] 21 [m. abt. 1879] [born] South Carolina / “Fleming Theodora Daughter” [born] Jun. [evidently correctly] 1860 [sic] [Age] 40 [sic] M[arried] 21 [m. abt. 1879] [children] 0 [born] South Carolina. 84 San Marco al Molo Parish, Genoa, Italy, Register of Baptisms 1806-1840, [translated] 604/1821 Boero Emmanuele son of another [Emmanuele] and Anna Grondona, born 8th April baptized 10th. 85 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family (note 77). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 13 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

at the port of New York on 5 June 1849 at the age of fifteen, traveling directly from the North Sea port of Bremen with only two elder sisters, Maria1.3:5 and Fredericke1.3:8 Kossmann. 86 The year of her immigration is corroborated by Louisa Buero’s record in the 1900 U.S. census. 87 Ethnic Germans were “the earliest major non-English speaking group to settle in post-colonial New York, with a steady influx of German immigrants having developed by the 1830s, and major immigrant communities being established by the 1840s.” 88 Louisa Kossmann married Carl Flemming in the Evangelical 89 Lutheran Church of St. Matthew, New York City, on 30 July 1850. 90 She was recorded as an unmarried woman, 17 years old (therefore born about 1833), from Schanbach, Württemberg. 91 He was recorded as an unmarried man, 21 years old (therefore born about 1829), a “carman” residing at 101 Washington Street, from Gotland, Sweden. Witnesses were Ferdinand Kreuter of 58 Greenwich Street, and Wilhelmine Kaiser of 45 Greenwich Street. 92 Carl Flemming, Americanized as “Charles” Flemming, may have been German-Swedish, 93 although a definitive link for him to German heritage has yet to be found. 94 At the time of the 1850 U.S. census about two months later, Charles and Louisa Fleming were living in the boarding house of a German-American family in New York’s First Ward. 95 86

Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789-1919 (NARA: Washington, D.C.), microfilm M237, “Louise Kossmann” [Age] 15 [therefore b. abt. 1834] [Arrival] 5 June 1849 New York from Bremen [Ship] Hercules [Origin] Deutschland. Also: “Maria Kossmann” [Age] 25 [therefore b. abt. 1824; birth record, 11 May 1823] and “Fredericke Kossmann” F [Female] [Age] 20 [b. abt. 1829; birth rec., 16 Aug. 1829]. No further record found of either sister in the United States 1849-1900 or Aichelberg Parish, Württemberg 1849-1860. 87 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 88 Richard Haberstroh, The German Churches of Metropolitan New York (N.Y.: NYG&BS, 2000), Introduction. 89 “The term Evangelical (Evangelisch) was not uncommon even before this time, and it continues to be equated with ‘Protestant’ in much of Germany to this day. It is also a term that was freely transplanted to American soil…” (Richard Haberstroh, The German Churches of Metropolitan New York, 9). 90 United German Lutheran Churches (New York, New York) Church Records, 1845-1854 (FHL 1,902,068). Marion Wolfert, Index to Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Matthew, New York City Records (Ancestry.com), “Kossmann Louise [born] Schanbach, Wuerttemberg 1833 / married 30 Jul 1850, Carl Flemming.” In 1850 St. Matthew church was located at Walker Street and Cortlandt Alley (Richard Haberstroh, The German Churches of Metropolitan New York, 54). 91 “Although the situation is similar for all ethnic groups…the question of birthplace is an even more crucial one for German Americans, because of lack of any sort of nationwide record keeping for Germany. There are no national indexes to vital records… the records of the churches serving the German immigrant community, more so than for any other immigrant group, are one of the best sources of genealogical information that can help carry one’s research back across the Atlantic.” (Richard Haberstroh, The German Churches of Metropolitan New York, 2). 92 These two witnesses appear in the 1850 census as follows: Henry Frloesh boarding house, 1850 U.S. census, New York Ward 1 Western Division, New York, Roll M432-534, p. 188B, “Mena Keiser [age] 17 [born] Germany [next listed] Ferdinand Kreider [age] 20 [born] Germany.” 93 For example, a “Carl Johan Flemming” was born 26 Dec. 1823 and Christened the next day in the Tyska Församling [German Congregation] Church in Karlskrona, Blekinge, Sweden, son of Anna Elizabeth Flemming (“Sweden, Baptisms, 1611-1920,” index citing FHL 86,271), FamilySearch.org (http://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V7XW-H5H). Local German inhabitants founded this church in 1689. A “Carl Johan Rudolf Fleming,” age 32 [b. abt. 1813], married in Slite, Gotland, Sweden 30 Nov. 1845, Georgina Sophia Herlitz (“Sweden, Marriages, 1630-1920,” index citing FHL 133,676), FamilySearch.org (http://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FKLN-SLS). 94 Noting that “Flemming” (as in the N.Y. Lutheran marriage record) is the preferred German spelling, there was for example a “Carl August Flemming” born 24 July 1824 and recorded in the Evangelisch (Protestant Evangelical) Church in Gransee, Ruppin, Brandenburg (German Confederation), son of Wilhelm August and Dorothea Elizabetha (Rohledren) Flemming (FHL 1,334,945, image 279). 95 Richard Frabeck household, 1850 U.S. census, New York Ward 1 Western Division, New York, Roll M432534, pp. 146A-146B, 19 Sept. 1850, with Richard and Elizabeth Frabeck and their four children, all born Germany, 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 14 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

This is the last known record for Louisa Fleming (or Kossmann or Buero) in New York State. However, a “Charles Flemming” born in Sweden, marital status “unknown,” died in New York, New York on 24 October 1852, although the record indicates his age as 34 (therefore born about 1818). 96 Even though in New York City for the U.S. census on 19 September 1850, it is possible that Louisa Fleming’s husband, Charles, may very soon have moved westward in the California Gold Rush and been recorded on 4 December 1850 in the U.S. census for El Dorado County, California, as a Swedish-born miner boarding with other miners. 97 This man evidently remained in El Dorado County during the California state census on 24 June 1852, when he was recorded as a miner born in Sweden whose last residence had been New York. 98 A Scandinavian immigrant named Charles Flemming was naturalized on 1 April 1848 at the Marine Court in New York City. 99 This evidently is the same Charles Flemming who appears as a farmer in three Solano County, California voter registrations in 1871, 1876 and 1880, where he was recorded with this identical naturalization history. 100 This Charles Flemming also appears to have resided in Solano County without any other family during the censuses of 1860, 1870 and 1880. 101 It is not clear whether the California adventurer of 1850-1852 is the same Charles Flemming who was naturalized in New York in 1848 and then lived in Solano County during 1860-1880. However, nothing clearly excludes the possibility, and the farms near Tremont in Solano County are only about 60 miles west of the gold country of Dry Creek in El Dorado County. If this was Louisa’s Swedish-American husband, living without family in California during 1850-1880, he may have either divorced or possibly abandoned her in New York within a few months of their marriage and simply headed off into the American West. Alternatively, it is possible that the Charles Flemming of 1850-1852 is unrelated to the man of 1860-1880 and may have died in about 1852 while seeking his fortune in the mountains of Northern California, separate from distant family and friends, as did hundreds of other men in the unsettled period.

six boarders including “Charles Fleming” [age] 21 [therefore born c. 1829] Sweden” and “Louisa Fleming [age] 17 [therefore born c. 1833] Germany.” 96 “New York Deaths and Burials 1795-1952” (index citing FHL 1,319,752), FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/pal:/ MM9.1.1/FDIC-VQ3). 97 In Dec. 1850, a “Charles Flemming,” age 25 [therefore born c. 1825] in Sweden, is recorded in the U.S. census in the California Gold Rush region (1850 U.S. census, Dry Creek, El Dorado Co., Cal., 4 Dec. 1850, Roll 432-34, Page 426B.). 98 Evidently the same “Charles Flemming” of the 1850 U.S. census for El Dorado Co., California, appears 24 June 1852, “miner” age 25 [born c. 1827] in Sweden, last residence “New York,” in the California State Census in El Dorado Co., Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org, (http://familysearch.org/ pal:/MM9.1.1/V4N8-DRW). 99 U.S. Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992 (Ancestry.com), “Charles Flemming,” address “N.Y.C.,” former nationality “Scandinavian,” was naturalized 1 April 1848 at the Marine Court, New York, N.Y. as recorded in Vol. 27, Record No. 111, with witness John W. Brown of N.Y.C.; age not recorded. 100 California Voter Registers (Ancestry.com), “Charles Flemming” in 1880 and “Fleming” in 1871 and 1876, was a farmer in Tremont in 1871, then Silveyville in 1876 and 1880, Solano Co., California, native of Sweden and naturalized 1 April 1848 at the Marine Court, New York; age 51 in 1871, 55 in 1876, and 50 in 1880. 101 Matthew Hass household, 1860 U.S. census, Tremont, Solano Co., Cal., Roll M635-69, Page 381, “Charles Fleming,” age 30 [b. abt. 1830] in New York [evident error], laborer, with Hass family from Germany and California. Charles Fleming household, 1870 U.S. census, Tremont, Solano Co., Cal., Roll M593-90, Page 35A, “Charles Fleming,” age 50 [b. abt. 1820] in Vermont [evident ditto error], farmer, no other household members. Charles Fleming household, 1880 U.S. census, Silveyville, Solano Co., Cal., Roll 83, Page 502A, 24 June 1880, “Chas. Fleming,” age 60 [b. abt. 1820] in Sweden, both parents b. Sweden, “do[es] nothing,” no other household members. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 15 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

His widow, if any, may then have been notified and could have remarried by late 1852 or early 1853. Based on multiple sources, Louisa1.3 Kossmann and Emanuel5.3 Buero evidently were married in 1852 or early 1853. With their first-known child, daughter Teodora, they were first recorded together in the 1856 census of Genoa, which was then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. 102 This is the earliest known record of the married couple and includes Louisa Buero’s maiden name and her father’s given name, both evidently written in phonetic Italian as “Louisa neé Cosman” and “Adamo.” It is the only known record of their daughter Teodora, born prior to this 1856 census. The small Buero family is next found arriving in New York as passengers returning from Europe on 25 October 1859. 103 In this arrival they were recorded with a different daughter, Theodora, 104 apparently age 15 months (born in June 1858), who evidently is the one of that name who grew to adulthood. 105 They soon traveled onward to Charleston, arriving by steamship on 1 November that same year. 106 The only known American record of Louisa Kossmann’s maiden name associated with her married name “Buero” is in the death record of this same daughter, Theodora. 107 Louisa and Emanuel Buero’s family are recorded in Charleston during the U.S. censuses of 1870, 1880 and 1900. 108 The 1900 census indicates that the family eventually included a total of seven children but that only three were living at that time. These evidently were three daughters, Theodora (Buero) Fleming, unmarried Louisa A. Buero, and Elvina M. (Buero) Rabb. 109 Louisa’s and Emanuel’s eldest surviving daughter, Theodora1.2:2 Buero, married William J. Fleming in about 1879, 110 and the couple was living in Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia by 1880. 111 Both were listed in a Charleston City Directory for 1898 as William J. and “Dora” 102

Emanuele Boero household, 1856 Genoa census (Historical Archives of the Town of Genoa, Genova), pp. 447-448 (note 82). 103 Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1820-1897 (NARA: Washington, D.C.), microfilm M237, “E Buero” Age 38 [therefore b. abt. 1821] Male Merchant Italy, with “Louisa Buero” [Age] 24 [b. abt. 1835] Female Italy, and “Theodora Buero” [Age] 15 [likely months, therefore b. abt. June 1858; “Jun” birth recorded in 1900 U.S. census] Female U.S.A. [Arrival] 25 Oct. 1859 New York from Le Havre France [Ship] Ocean Queen. 104 Health Dept. City of Charleston, S.C., Certificate of Death 241 (hereafter cited as Charleston Death Cert. 241), “Charleston No. 103 Queen St., Theodora L. [sic] Fleming, 19 March 1909, Age 50 [sic], Birthplace Charleston, SC; Father Emanuel Buero, Birthplace Italy; Maiden Name of Mother L Kossman, Birthplace Germany; Burial St. Lawrence Cemetery.” 105 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82), “Beron, Emanef” M[arried] 48 [therefore married abt. 1852] [born] Italy [Immigration] 1848 / “Louisa Wife” M[arried] 48 [m. abt. 1852] [children] 7 [living] 3 [Immigration] 1849 / “Fleming, William J. Son in Law” [born] Apl 1858 [Age] 42 M[arried] 21 [m. abt. 1879] [born] South Carolina / “Fleming Theodora Daughter” [born] Jun. [evidently correct month] 1860 [sic] [Age] 40 [sic] M[arried] 21 [m. abt. 1879] [children] 0 [born] South Carolina. 106 Charleston Mercury (Charleston, S.C.), 1 Nov. 1859 (www.genealogybank.com), “PASSENGERS. In steamship Nashville, from New York – …E Buero and lady…” 107 Charleston Death Cert. 241, “Theodora L. [sic] Fleming, 19 March 1909… Maiden Name of Mother L Kossman, Birthplace Germany.” 108 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1880 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). [The family name was occasionally misspelled, appearing to be “Buro” in 1870 and “Beron” in 1900.] 109 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 110 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 111 William J. Fleming household, 1880 U.S. census, Savannah, Chatham Co., Ga., Roll 138, Page 509D, “Fleming William J. [Age] 23 [therefore b. abt. 1857] Telegrapher [born] SC [both parents born] Ireland / Theodora [Age] 22 [b. abt. 1858] Wife Keeping House [born] SC [Father] Italy [Mother] Wurtenberg.” 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 16 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Fleming, residing at 154 King Street, and he as a manager with Western Union Telegraph Company located in the Charleston Cotton Exchange. 112 They were listed similarly in a city directory of 1900, although with Theodora’s full given name. 113 The same year, without children, they were living with Theodora’s aging parents in Charleston during the U.S. census. 114 Theodora (Buero) Fleming died in Charleston on 19 March 1909. 115 Widower William J. Fleming then headed two census households, in 1910 and 1920, which included Elvina (Buero) Rabb’s family. 116 Miss Louisa A.1.2:6 Buero, Louisa’s and Emanuel’s unmarried daughter, was in Charleston with her parents during the U.S. censuses of 1870 and 1880. 117 She was supporting the St. Francis Xavier Infirmary in Charleston in 1896. 118 Miss Louisa was working as a milliner with Miss M.A. Cade during 1908-1910 119 and as a saleslady or clerk with the Kerrison Dry Goods Company in 1920-1921. 120 She was residing with George W. and Elvina (Buero) Rabb, her sister, and occasionally with their daughter, Lucy A. Rabb, in their two residences during 19081921. “Louise A. Buero,” as she also is sometimes listed in the Charleston city directories, was recorded in the 1930 U.S. census in Savannah, living in a Catholic women’s home, 121 and died there in 1931. 122 5.3 EMANUEL BUERO was born “EMMANUELE BOERO” in the Duchy of Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia, 8 April and baptized 10 April 1821, son of Anna (Grondona)5.4 and Emmanuele13.4 Boero. 123 He died in Charleston 8 August 1901 124 and was buried in St. Lawrence Cemetery. 125

112

Directory of the City of Charleston (Charleston, S.C.: Lucas & Richardson Co., 1898) (Ancestry.com), 374. Charleston, S.C. City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Lucas & Richardson Co., 1900) (Ancestry.com), 419. 114 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 115 Find A Grave (http://www.findagrave.com), St. Lawrence Cemetery, Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “Theodora L. Buero Fleming / 1858 Charleston / Mar. 19, 1909 Charleston.” 116 William J. Fleming household, 1910 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T624-1452, Page 12A, 22 April 1910, “HEAD: Fleming, Wm J. [Age] 50 / Rabb, Mrs. Elvina Sister-in-Law Housekeeping [age] 40 [children] Rabb, Theodora 19 / Lucy 17 / Mildred 10 / Joseph 8 / Anita 4.” William J. Fleming household, 1920 U.S. census, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston Co., S.C., Roll T625-1687, Page 12B, 8 Jan. 1920. 117 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1880 U.S. census (note 56). 118 The Post (Charleston, S.C.), 26 Nov. 1896 (www.genealogybank.com), “The St. Francis Xavier Infirmary’s Fair was crowded again last night… United State of Matrimony – Post-office. Miss Louisa Buero, Miss Annie McNeill, in charge. Beautiful lady letter carriers. Fame and fortune in this mail.” 119 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1908, 1910), 1910:207, “Buero Louisa Miss, asst Miss M A Cade, r[esides] 102 Queen.” 1908:17, advert., “Miss M. A. Cade / Millinery / 258 King Street.” 120 Walsh’s Charleston, South Carolina City Directory (Charleston, S.C.: Walsh Directory Co., 1920, 1921), 1921:233, “Buero Louisa A Miss, clk Kerrison Dry Goods Co, r[esides] 11 Charles, tel 621J.” 1920:220, “Buero Louise Miss, saleslady Kerrison D G Co, r 11 Charles.” 121 Little Sisters of the Poor household, 1930 U.S. census, Savannah, Chatham Co., Ga., Roll 344, Page 30A, “Little Sisters of the Poor / Hookham Gertrude H. / Sister Superior / Institution / Buero Louise A / Inmate [age] 63 [therefore b. abt. 1867] S[ingle] [born] South Carolina.” 122 Indexes of Vital Records for Georgia: Deaths, 1919-1998, Georgia Health Dept., Office of Vital Records (Ancestry.com), Cert. 14249, Louise A. Buero [death] 23 Jun 1931 [county] Chatham. 123 San Marco al Molo Parish, Genoa, Italy, Register of Baptisms 1806-1840, [translated] 604/1821 Boero Emmanuele son of another [Emmanuele] and Anna Grondona, born 8th April baptized 10th. Emanuele Boero household, San Marco al Molo Parish, Genoa, census 7th March 1827 (Historical Archives of the Parish of San Marco al Molo, Genoa), [translated] House number 1650, property of Bartolomeo della Casa / Emanuele Boero son 113

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 17 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

In his earliest known American record, “Emanuel Buerro / Genoa (K. Sardinia)” became a United States citizen in Charleston on 6 August 1847. 126 In one of his last known records, he was registered to vote in Charleston’s Second Precinct of Ward Three in October 1899. 127 These records are both corroborated by an entry in the 1900 U.S. census, where Emanuel is listed as a naturalized citizen born in Italy who immigrated in about 1848. 128 Emanuel appears to have been in Europe in the summer of 1851 when “Emanuele Boero” was recorded as a passenger from Genoa to Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia. 129 Although Genoa also was an important port, under the King of Sardinia many international ship departures evidently were from the main island’s capital. Since Emanuel and Louisa evidently were married in 1852 or early 1853, the two may have met in New York if he was traveling through that port, perhaps returning from Europe in 1851. However, no record of Emanuel Buero traveling through New York City at that time has been located. Similarly, no marriage record for the couple has yet been found in the United States, the Kingdom of Sardinia or the Kingdom of Württemberg from 1851-1853 or otherwise. Especially in the American South, 1861 was an unusually tumultuous year, with political and military events escalating monthly. South Carolina seceded from the Union in January, a Confederate constitution was approved in February and Jefferson Davis was soon inaugurated as president of the Confederacy, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated for his first term as U.S. president in March, and U.S. Fort Sumter was fired upon in Charleston harbor on 12 April. Emanuel Buero applied for a passport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 21 April 1861, 130 and he and his family departed from New York for Europe three weeks later on 12 May. 131 With both parents being of European origin, the family most likely was responding at least in part to these rapidly changing conditions. Emanuel’s brother, Angelo Buero, 132 was registered in Charleston

of the late Francesco [Antonio] 64 years old. Porter / Anna [Grondona] Wife 36 years old. / Carlo Boero 12. / Antonio 13. / Maria 12. / Emanuelle 5. / Angelo 3. 124 Year Book, City of Charleston, 1901 (Charleston, S.C.: Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co., 1901), “Longevity 1901 [Name] Emanuel Buero [Date of Death] August 8 [Age] 80;” therefore born before 8 Aug. 1821. The Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 6 August 1901, THE DEATH RECORD, “Emanuel Buero, white, 80 years, No. 154 King street. St. Lawrence cemetery.” 125 Find A Grave (http://findagrave.com), Saint Lawrence Cemetery, 60 Huguenin Ave., Charleston, Charleston Co., S.C., “On August 25, 1851, Bishop Reynolds purchased a portion of land…known as Magnolia Farm from a Mr. Edward Tharin for $2,500.00. This area was to be named ‘Saint Laurence’ Roman Catholic Cemetery. The registry book lists the first burial to be 1852.” 126 Record of Admission to Citizenship, District of South Carolina (NARA: Washington, D.C.), microfilm M1183, “BUERRO Emanuel” Age 25 [b. abt. 1822] Genoa (K. Sardinia) Charleston Clerk 6 Aug 1847.” 127 The Evening Post (Charleston, S.C.), 28 Oct. 1899, “The official list of those registered for the sixth week is as follows: ...WARD THREE. …Second Precinct – …Emanuel Buero…” 128 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 129 Genoa Boarding Lists from Maritime Health Registers 1833-1856 (State Archives of Genoa, Passenger Registers Series), database and images, [translated from Italian] “Emigration Schedule, Date 20 June 1851 / Boero Emanuele / [Destination] Cagliari [Capital of Sardinia] / [Ship] Nap[oli] Monsambano / [Flag] Sardinia / [Capt.] Malatesta.” 130 Passport Applications, 1795-1905 (NARA, Washington, D.C.), Cat. ID 566612, RG 59, microfilm M1371 Roll 0096 (Fold3, http://www.fold3.com/image/52577581/), “Emanuel Buero / Age 40” in Philadelphia 21 April 1861. 131 The New York Times (New York, N.Y.), 12 May 1861, “Passengers Sailed. MAY 11 – In steamship Bremen, for Bremen and Southampton. … Mr. Emanuel Buero, lady [evidently wife, Louisa] and child [evidently Theodora, b. 1858], Charleston, S.C.” 132 San Marco al Molo Parish, Genoa, Italy, Register of Baptisms 1806-1840, 1821 (note 121). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 18 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

as a private in the Confederate Army in July 1863. 133 It is uncertain exactly when Emanuel and Louisa returned to America, but their daughter, Louisa A. Boero, was born in Charleston in February 1868, 134 and they were recorded in Charleston for the first time known in the 1870 U.S. census. 135 Children of Louisa (Kossmann)1.3 and Emanuel5.3 Buero: 136 1.2: 1 TEODORA BUERO born 1853-1856 New York, Charleston or Genoa; died between 1856 (census) and 1858 (birth of sibling of same name). 1.2: 2 THEODORA BUERO born June 1858 Charleston; died 19 March 1909 Charleston and buried in St. Lawrence Cemetery; married abt. 1879 Charleston, WILLIAM J. FLEMING. 1.2: 3 [THIRD CHILD] BUERO born likely 1859-1861 Charleston or Genoa; died by 5 June 1900 (census). 137 138 1.2: 4 [FOURTH CHILD] BUERO born likely 1861-1863 Genoa; died by 5 June 1900 (census). 1.2: 5 [FIFTH CHILD] BUERO born likely 1863-1866 Charleston or Genoa; died by 5 June 1900 (census). 139 1.2: 6 LOUISA A. BUERO born Feb. 1868 Charleston; died 23 June 1931 in Little Sisters of the Poor home, Savannah, Chatham Co., Ga. 1.2: 7 ELVINA M. BUERO born 1869 Charleston; died 26 Dec. 1925 Charleston; married 30 Dec. 1888 Charleston, GEORGE W. RABB, JR.

133

Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of South Carolina (NARA: Washington, D.C.), Cat. ID 586957, RG 109, Roll 147 (Fold3, http://www.fold3.com/image/68929296), “Angelo Buero Pvt.” [Unit] First Regiment Charleston Guard, First State Troops (Six Months, 1863-64) / Company Muster Roll…for July 10 to Sept 26, 1863 / Enlisted…July 10…Charleston…by Capt. Bythewood (Six Months, 1863-64). 134 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1880 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 135 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census (note 56). 136 Emanuel Buero household, 1870 U.S. census (note 56). Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 137 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 138 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 139 Emanuel Buero household, 1900 U.S. census (note 82). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 19 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Fourth Ancestral Generation 1.4:5 REGINA PRACHT (Catharina Stiefel,1.5 Catharina Sieger1.6) was born and baptized in Baltmannsweiler, Jagstkreis (Hunt District), Duchy of Württemberg, 11 February 1792,140 daughter of Catharina (Stiefel)1.5:1 and Johannes17.5 Pracht. 141 She died in Aichelberg Parish, Donaukreis, Kingdom of Württemberg 15 July 1839. 142 She married in Baltmannsweiler 1 September 1814, 9.4 JOHANN ADAM KOSSMANN, 143 who was born in Aichelberg Parish 14 January 1789. They evidently had a second marriage ceremony in Schanbach 29 September 1814. 144 Regina1.4:5 Pracht married Johann Adam9.4 Kossmann at the age of 22. She was a farmwife in Schanbach from 1814 through at least 1834, when she was then 42 years old. During 1815 through 1834 she and Johann Adam had ten children, nine daughters and one son. At least two of her daughters – Eva Dorothea and Regina Kossmann – survived to marry and live in Württemberg. At least three other daughters – Anna Maria, Friederica and Louisa Kossmann – emigrated to the United States, arriving together at the Port of New York on 5 June 1849. 9.4 JOHANN ADAM KOSSMANN was born in Schanbach, Donaukreis (Danube District), Duchy of Württemberg, 14 January 1789 and baptized there the same day, 145 son of Catharina Dorothea (Bader)9.5 and Johann Jacob25.5 Kossmann. 146 He died in the Kingdom of Württemberg 11 September 1846. 147 140

Baltmannsweiler Parish register, Evangelisch (Protestant Evangelical) church, Württemberg, births and baptisms (Geburten und Taufen) 1792 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 94, Regina Pracht [translated]. 141 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family, [translated] Birth here 6 Nov. 1760. Johannes Pracht also known as Christle, widower as of 4 May 1824. Death 14 Nov. 1831. Father Christian Pracht from Hegenloh. Mother Anna Stuhler [Stoehler] of Unterbergen. Marriage 31 May 1785 Catharina [Stiefel] birth Baiereck 13 Dec. 1756. Death 4 May 1824. Father Andreas Stifel [Stiefel] of Bayereck [Baiereck]. Mother Catharina Sieger. Children: 1. illegitimate Anna Maria Stiflin [Stiefel] birth 30 Oct. 1782. First Communion [F.C.] 1796. Marriage 1815 here register page 226. Death 23 Jan. 1824. 2. Johannes [Pracht] birth 18 Feb. 1786. F.C. 1800 Russia. Death in Russia. 3. Jacob Friederich [Pracht] birth 15 Nov. 1787. Death 1798. 4. Catharina [Pracht] birth 11 Feb. 1790. F.C. 1804. Marriage 1816 Adam Schmid. 5. Regina [Pracht] birth 11 Feb. 1792. F.C. 1806. Marriage 1814 at Schanbach Jakob [sic] Adam Kossmann. 6. Johann Georg [Pracht] birth 21 Apr. 1794. Death 1794. 7. Johann Georg [Pracht] birth 29 Jun. 1795. F.C. 1809. Marriage register page 168. 8. Dorothea [Pracht] birth 1 Jun. 1798. Deceased. 9. Barbara [Pracht] birth 4 Aug. 1800. Death 1805. 142 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family (note 77). 143 Aichelberg Parish register, marriages (Heiraten) for Schanbach 1814 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 1814.15 #7, Kossmann-Pracht, [translated] 1 Sep. marriage Johann Adam Kossmann, citizen in Schanbach, Evangelical [Protestant], son of Johann Jacob Kossmann, citizen and farmer in Schanbach, and Catharina Dorothea Bader. Legitimate birth 14 Jan. 1789 in Schanbach. Regina Pracht of Baltmannsweiler, Evangelical [Protestant], parents Johannes Pracht, farmer in Baltmannsweiler, Katharina Stiefel in Baierseck, legitimate daughter, birth 11 Feb. 1790 in Baltmannsweiler. Banns Easter Monday, Quasimodo and Misericordia. Dispensation given for minor on 11 Mar. 1816. Family register p. 202 and hers p. 165. 144 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family (note 77). 145 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1789 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 189, Johann Adam Kossmann [translated]. 146 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 72, Johann Jacob Kossmann family, [translated] Birth 10 Dec. 1751. Johann Jacob Kossmann, citizen and weaver. Death 13 Mar. 1823. Father and mother on register page 71. Marriage 25 Aug. 1778 [wife] Catharina Dorothea [Bader] birth 1 Oct. 1757. Death 17 Feb. 1821. Father the late Johann Georg Bader, citizen and farmer. Mother the late Maria Catharina nee Scharef. Children: 1. Catharina Dorothea birth 7 Aug. 1779. First Communion [F.C.] 1793. Marriage see register page 60. Death 29 Mar. 1861. 2. Maria Catharina birth 14 Feb 1781. F.C. 1795. Marriage see register page 58. 3. Georg Adam birth 5 Aug. 1783. Death 7 Jul. 1787. 4. Friderica Barbara birth 7 Apr. 1786. Death 9 Dec. 1789. 5. Johann Adam birth 14 Jan. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 20 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Johann Adam9.4 Kossmann’s First Communion was in 1803, 148 and he was a bürger (citizen), weaver and farmer in Schanbach during 1814-1846. His father, Johann Jacob25.5 Kossmann, also was a weaver and farmer there. Regina Pracht’s father, Johannes17.5 Pracht, was a mason and farmer nearby. 149 In 1810 at the age of 21, the unmarried Johann Adam Kossmann had a son, also Johann Adam Kossmann, with MARGARETHA GÖTTLING, daughter of Johannes Göttling of Krummhardt, Aichelberg Parish. 150 Margaretha married for the first time in Krummhardt 24 February 1829, Georg Adam Göttling. 151 She died likely in Aichelberg Parish after 31 January 1831 (birth of first child of this marriage). 152 Child of Margaretha (Göttling) and Johann Adam9.4 Kossmann: JOHANN ADAM KOSSMANN born 4 Jan. bapt. 5 Jan. 1810 Krummhardt; died 1 Oct. 1845 probably Kingdom of Württemberg. 153 Children of Regina (Pracht)1.4 and Johann Adam9.4 Kossmann, all born in Schanbach, baptized and First Communion in Aichelberg Parish: 154 1.3: 1 REGINA CATHARINA KOSSMANN born and bapt. 12 Feb. 1815; 155 First Communion (F.C.) 1829; died 19 March 1885 Aichelberg Parish. 1.3: 2 BARBARA KOSSMANN born 17 Sep. and bapt. 19 Sep. 1816; 156 F.C. 1830. 1.3: 3 EVA DOROTHEA KOSSMANN born 24 Sep. and bapt. 25 Sep. 1818; 157 F.C. 1832; died after 31 July 1859 (bapt. last known child); 158 married 16 Oct. 1853 Endersbach, Neckarkreis (Neckar Dist.), Kingdom of Württemberg, JOHANN DAVID EHMER, citizen and master

1789. F.C. 1803. Marriage see register page 79. 6. Georg Friedrich birth 7 May 1790. Death 16 Apr. 1795. 7. Jacob birth 25 Feb. 1793. Death 6 Apr. 1793. 147 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1789 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 189, Johann Adam Kossmann (note 144). 148 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 72, Johann Jacob Kossmann family (note 145). 149 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family (note 77). Aichelberg Parish register, marriages for Schanbach 1814 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 1814.15 #7, Kossmann-Pracht (note 142). 150 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1810 (FHL 1,184,642), p. 1810 #1, Johann Adam Kossmann, [translated] Illegitimate birth 4:00 in the morning 4 Jan. and baptism 5 Jan. in Krummhardt. Death 1 Oct. 1845. Parents Margaretha, legitimate daughter of Johannes Göttling, citizen, who claims that the father was Johann Adam Kossmann, son of Jacob Kossmann, citizen and farmer in Schanbach. Witnesses Johann Adam [Unrath], son of Daniel Unrath of Schanbach, and Barbara, wife of Michael Scharpf of Krummhardt. Family register p. 32. 151 Aichelberg Parish register, marriages 1829 (FHL 1,184,643), p. 1829, Göttling-Göttling. 152 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1831 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 1831, Maria Catharina Göttling. 153 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1810 (FHL 1,184,642), p. 1810 #1, Johann Adam Kossmann (note 149). 154 Aichelberg Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,644), p. 79, Johann Adam Kossmann family (note 77). 155 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1815 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 1815 #3, Regina Catharina Kossmann [translated]. 156 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1816 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 26, Barbara Kossmann [translated]. 157 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1818 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 32, Eva Dorothea Kossmann [translated]. 158 Endersbach Parish register, Evangelisch (Protestant Evangelical) church, Neckarkreis, Württemberg, births and baptisms 1859 (FHL 1,056,991), p. 1859 #21, Johann Jacob Ehmer [translated]. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 21 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

1.3: 4

1.3: 5 1.3: 6 1.3: 7 1.3: 8 1.3: 9 1.3:10

mason, born 10 Jan. 1825 Endersbach Parish, son of Johannes David, citizen and carpenter, and Maria Katharina (Edelmaier) Ehmer. 159 REGINA KOSSMANN born 7 March and bapt. 9 March 1821; 160 F.C. 1835; died after 1 Nov. 1853 (bapt. last known child); 161 married first 14 April 1850 Schanbach, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH HAILER, citizen and weaver, born 15 Nov. 1807, son of Georg Adam and Anna Maria (Bader) Hailer; 162 married second 20 Sep. 1859 Schanbach, GOTTLIEB BRANDLE, citizen and shoemaker, born 10 Jan. 1839 Stetten, son of Johann Jakob and Elisabeth (Idlar) Brandle. 163 ANNA MARIA KOSSMANN born and bapt. 11 May 1823; 164 F.C. 1837. Arrived Port of New York with two sisters 5 June 1849. 165 GEORGE ADAM KOSSMANN born 14 April and bapt. 15 April 1825; 166 F.C. 1839. CHRISTIANA KOSSMANN born 16 Sep. and bapt. 19 Sep. 1827; 167 F.C. 1841. FRIEDERICA KOSSMANN born and bapt. 16 Aug. 1829; 168 F.C. 1843. Arrived Port of New York with two sisters 5 June 1849. 169 EVA MAGDALENA KOSSMANN born 3 Nov. and bapt. 4 Nov. 1831; 170 F.C. 1845. LOUISA KOSSMANN born 8 March and bapt. 9 March 1834; F.C. 1848; died by 16 Dec. 1905 (funeral notice) Charleston; arrived Port of New York with two sisters 5 June 1849; married first 30 July 1850 New York City, CARL FLEMMING, who either died by 1852 (wife’s second marriage), or, if removed to California, died likely after 24 June 1880 (census); married second 1852 New York or Charleston, EMANUEL BUERO.

159

Endersbach Parish register, marriages 1853 (FHL 1,056,992), p. 1853&1854 #6, Ehmer-Kossmann [translated]. 160 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1821 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 42, Regina Kossmann [translated]. 161 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1853 (FHL 1,184,643), p. 155, Johann Adam Hailer [translated]. 162 Aichelberg Parish register, marriages for Schanbach 1850 (FHL 1,184,643), p. 48, Hailer-Kossmann [translated]. 163 Aichelberg Parish register, marriages for Schanbach 1859 (FHL 1,184,642), p. 52, Brandle-Kossmann [translated]. 164 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1823 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 31, Anna Maria Kossmann [translated]. 165 Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789-1919 (NARA: Washington, D.C.), microfilm M237, Louise, Maria and Friederica Kossmann (note 85). 166 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1825 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 59, George Adam Kossmann [translated]. 167 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1827 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 67, Christiana Kossmann [translated]. 168 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1829 (FHL 1,184,640), p. 74, Friederica Kossmann [translated]. 169 Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789-1919 (NARA: Washington, D.C.), microfilm M237, Louise, Maria and Friederica Kossmann (note 85). 170 Aichelberg Parish register, births and baptisms 1831 (FHL 1,184,640), pp. 82, Eva Magdalena Kossmann [translated]. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 22 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Fifth Ancestral Generation 1.5:1 CATHARINA STIEFEL (Catharina Sieger1.6) was born and baptized in Baiereck, Jagstkreis, Duchy of Württemberg, 13 December 1756, 171 daughter of Catharina (Sieger)1.6 and Andreas33.6 Stiefel. 172 She died in probably Baltmannsweiler after 4 Aug. 1800 (last-known child born). 173 She married in Baltmannsweiler 31 May 1785, 17.5 JOHANNES PRACHT, 174 who was baptized in Baltmannsweiler 6 Nov. 1760. 175 At the age of 25, likely at her parents’ home in Baiereck, Catharina1.5:1 Stiefel gave birth in October 1782 to an illegitimate daughter noted in the Baltmannsweiler Parish register as Anna Maria Stiefel. Anna Maria1.4:1 had her First Communion in the parish in 1796 at the usual age and was married there in 1815 at the age of 33. 176 Catharina1.5:1 Stiefel married at the age of 28 and was a farmwife in Baltmannsweiler from 1785 through at least 1800. During this period she had eight children, four daughters and four sons. At least three daughters – Catharina, Regina and Dorothea – survived to marry and live in Württemberg. Her eldest son – Johannes – relocated to Russia, and another son – Johann Georg – married and lived nearby. The other three offspring – Jakob Friederich, Johann Georg (the first by this name) and Barbara – all died young. This mortality may not have been unusual. In 1765 it was written that “In Germany…peasant and poor die without ever having employed the slightest remedy. No one ever thinks of the doctor, partly because he is too far away, partly…because he is too expensive.” 177 17.5 JOHANNES PRACHT was baptized in Baltmannsweiler 6 Nov. 1760, son of Anna Maria (Stoehler)17.6 and Christian49.6 Pracht. He died in the Kingdom of Württemberg 14 Nov. 1831. 178 Johannes17.5 Pracht was a citizen and farmer in Baltmannsweiler during 1785-1792. His father, Christian49.6 Pracht, farmed nearby. 179 Child of Catharina 1.4: 1

1.5

Stiefel and [--?--]:

ANNA MARIA STIEFEL born 30 Oct. 1782 probably Baiereck; First Communion (F.C.) 1786; married 1815 Baltmannsweiler Parish; died 23 Jan. 1824 Baltmannsweiler Parish.

171

Ebersbach Parish register, Evangelisch (Protestant Evangelical) church, Württemberg, births and baptisms 1756 [Baiereck prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 18, Catharina Stiefel [translated]. 172 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 173 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1800 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 112, Barbara Pracht, [translated] Birth and baptism 4 Aug. Death 10 Oct. 1805. 174 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, marriages for Baltmannsweiler 1785 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 24, Pracht-Stiefel, [translated] 31 May in the prayer hour marriage Johannes Pracht, citizen and farmer, legitimate unmarried son of Christian Pracht, citizen and farmer. Catharina, surviving unmarried legitimate daughter of the late Andreas Stiefel, day laborer of Baierseck. Banns on Sunday feast days of Cantata, Rogate and Trinity. 175 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1760 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 19, Johannes Pracht, [translated] Baptism 6 Nov. Death 14 Nov. 1831. 176 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 177 Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), 92; citing Johann Peter Süssmilch, [translated] The Divine Order in the Changes of the Human Species, as Demonstrated by its Birth, Death and Propagation, 3rd Ed. (Berlin: Realschule Bookstore, 1765), 1:521. 178 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1760 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 19, Johannes Pracht (note 174). Known siblings: 1763 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 25, Gottfried Pracht, [translated] Baptism 10 May 1760. Death 11 Dec. 1832. 1767 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 35, Anna Maria Pracht, [translated] Baptism 12 Apr. 1767. 179 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, marriages for Baltmannsweiler 1785 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 24, Pracht-Stiefel (note 173). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 23 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood Children of Catharina (Stiefel)1.5 and Johannes17.5 Pracht, all born in Baltmannsweiler: 180 1.4: 2 JOHANNES PRACHT born and bapt. 18 Feb. 1786; 181 First Communion (F.C.) 1800 Russia; died Russia. 182 1.4: 3 JAKOB FRIEDERICH PRACHT born and bapt. 15 Nov. 1787; died 14 March 1798. 183 1.4: 4 CATHARINA PRACHT born and bapt. 11 Feb. 1790; 184 F.C. 1804; 185 married 8 May 1816 Baltmannsweiler, JOHANN ADAM SCHMID, blacksmith, born 30 Sep. 1792 Baltmannsweiler, son of Johann Adam and Maria Agnes (Steiss) Schmid. 186 1.4: 5 REGINA PRACHT born 11 Feb. and bapt. 12 Feb. 1792 Baltmannsweiler; F.C. 1806; died 15 July 1839 Aichelberg Parish; married 1 Sep 1814 Baltmannsweiler, JOHANN ADAM KOSSMANN. 1.4: 6 JOHANN GEORG PRACHT born, bapt. and died 21 April 1794. 187 1.4: 7 JOHANN GEORG PRACHT born 29 June and bapt. 30 June 1795; died 9 June 1861; 188 F.C. 1809; 189 married 24 June 1821 Aichelberg Parish, EVA DOROTHEA UNRATH, born 19 Sep 1800 Schanbach, daughter of Jacob and Maria Catherina (Hailer) Unrath. 190 1.4: 8 DOROTHEA PRACHT born 1 June and bapt. 2 June 1798; 191 married 20 July 1824 Baltmannsweiler, JOHANN GEORG PRACHT, citizen and farmer, born 29 Oct. 1798 Baltmannsweiler, son of Johann Georg and Maria (Haidle) Pracht. 192 1.4: 9 BARBARA PRACHT born and bapt. 4 Aug. 1800; died 10 Oct. 1805. 193

180

Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1786 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 84, Johannes Pracht, [translated] Birth and baptism 18 Feb. Death in Russia. 182 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 183 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1787 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 88, Jakob Friederich Pracht, [translated] Birth and baptism 15 Nov. Death 14 Mar. 1798. 184 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1790 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 92, Catharina Pracht [translated]. 185 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 186 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, marriages for Baltmannsweiler 1816 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 1817 [begins after] #3, Schmid-Pracht, [translated] 8 May 1816 marriage Johann Adam Schmid, blacksmith in Baltmannsweiler, Lutheran, son of Johann Adam Schmid and Maria Agnes nee Steiss. Legitimate birth 30 Sep. 1792 in Baltmannsweiler. Catharina Pracht of Baltmannsweiler, Evangelical [Protestant], parents Johannes Pracht, farmer in Baltmannsweiler, Katharina Stiefel, legitimate daughter, birth 11 Feb. 1790 in Baltmannsweiler. By Pastor in Aichelberg, banns 14, 15, 16 [weeks] past Trinity [Sunday]. Family register p. 165. 187 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1794 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 98, Johann Georg Pracht, [translated] Birth and baptism 21 Apr. Death same day. 188 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1795 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 100, Johann Georg Pracht, [translated] Birth 29 Jun. and baptism 30 Jun. Death 9 June 1861. 189 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 190 Aichelberg Parish register, marriages 1821 (FHL 1,184,643), p. 12, Pracht-Unrath [translated]. 191 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1798 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 108, Dorothea Pracht [translated]. 192 Baltmannsweiler Parish register, marriages for Baltmannsweiler 1824 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 1824 #9, PrachtPracht, [translated] 20 July marriage Johann Georg Pracht, new citizen and farmer in Baltmannsweiler, Evangelical [Protestant], son of Johann Georg Pracht, citizen and farmer here, and his wife Maria nee Haidle, daughter of Michael Haidel. Legitimate and single, birth 29 Oct. 1798 in Baltmannsweiler. Dorothea nee Pracht, new citizen and farmer’s [daughter] of Baltmannsweiler, Evangelical [Protestant], parents Johannes Pracht, citizen and farmer here, and the late Catharina, daughter of Andreas Stiefel in Bayerseck, legitimate and unmarried, birth 1 June 1798 in Baltmannsweiler. Permission to marry given 4 April, royal district office of Schorndorf, by Golther. Banns posted Quasimodo, Misericordias and Julbilate 1824 in Baltmannsweiler. Married Tuesday, 20 July 1824 at Baltmannsweiler by Pastor M. Meyer. Dispensation due to relationship in the third grade of consanguinity given by the district office of Schorndorf 24 April 1824. Family register p. 166 and her family p. 165. 181

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 24 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

Sixth Ancestral Generation 1.6:0 CATHARINA SIEGER was born in the Duchy of Württemberg likely 1725-1735 (marriage), daughter of [--?--]1.7 and Jacob65.7 Sieger. 194 She died in probably Baltmannsweiler after 17 Oct. 1759 (last-known child born). 195 She married in Baiereck, Jagstkreis, Württemberg, 12 Feb. 1754, as his second wife, 33.6 ANDREAS STIEFEL, 196 who was born in Baiereck likely 1710-1720 (first wife’s birth). 197 Catharina (Sieger)1.6:0 Stiefel was a farmwife in Baiereck during 1754-1759. She and Andreas Stiefel had at least two daughters in this period. At least one of these, Catharina, survived to marry and lived in Baltmannsweiler. 33.6 ANDREAS STIEFEL was born in Baiereck, Jagstkreis, Duchy of Württemberg, 17101720. He died probably in the Kingdom of Württemberg after January 1759 (conception lastknown child). 198 He married first in Baiereck, Anna Catharina [--?--], who was born May 1716, died 29 August “due to high fever and side pains” and was buried 31 August 1753. 199 He was a day laborer in Baiereck during 1753-1759. 200 Children of Catharina (Sieger)1.6 and Andreas33.6 Stiefel: 1.5: 1 CATHARINA STIEFEL born and bapt. 13 Dec. 1756 Baiereck; died after 4 Aug. 1800 (lastknown child born) probably Baltmannsweiler; married 31 May 1785 Baltmannsweiler, JOHANNES PRACHT. 1.5: 2 BARBARA STIEFEL born 17 Oct. 1759 Baiereck. 201

193

Baltmannsweiler Parish register, births and baptisms 1800 (FHL 1,184,716), p. 112, Barbara Pracht (note

172). 194

Ebersbach Parish register, marriages for Baiereck 1754 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884) p. 2, Stiefel-Sieger, [translated] 12 Feb. 1754 marriage Andreas Stieffel, citizen and day laborer in Bayereck [Baiereck], widower, and Catharina [Sieger], surviving daughter of the late Jacob Sieger, former day laborer in Baltmannsweyler [Baltmannsweiler]. Banns Sundays 3 and 4 post Epiphany and Septuagisima. Baltmannsweiler Parish register, families (FHL 1,184,718), p. 165, Johannes Pracht family (note 140). 195 Ebersbach Parish register, births and baptisms for Baiereck 1759 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 24, Barbara Stiefel [translated]. 196 Ebersbach Parish register, marriages for Baiereck 1754 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 2, Stiefel-Sieger (note 193). 197 Ebersbach Parish register, deaths and burials (Tote und Beerdigungen) for Baiereck 1753 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884) p. 36, Anna Catharina Stiefel, [translated] Death 29 Aug. burial 31 Aug. due to high fever and side pains, Anna Catharina, wife of Andreas Stieffel, citizen and day laborer. Age 37 years and 3 months [therefore birth May 1716]. 198 Ebersbach Parish register, births and baptisms for Baiereck 1759 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 24, Barbara Stiefel (note 194). 199 Ebersbach Parish register, deaths and burials for Baiereck 1753 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 36, Anna Catharina Stiefel (note 196). 200 Ebersbach Parish register, deaths and burials for Baiereck 1753 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 36, Anna Catharina Stiefel (note 196). Ebersbach Parish register, births and baptisms 1759 [Baiereck prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 24, Barbara Stiefel (note 194). 201 Ebersbach Parish register, births and baptisms for Baiereck 1800 [prior to 1801] (FHL 1,056,884), p. 24, Barbara Stiefel (note 194). 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 25 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

GENETIC GENEALOGY Genetic genealogy today is fundamentally of three types. Each works by assessing and comparing a specific type of our DNA with that of others. Assessing the Y-chromosome (YDNA) of men for their one all-paternal line is most common. Understanding the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of either men or women for their single all-maternal lineage is also very useful. Comparing the autosomal DNA (atDNA) of men or women to discover near cousins also can help grow each family tree. Y-DNA testing, the most widely known of these methods, provides information from a man's single Y chromosome, found in the nucleus of his cells, which is present only in males and inherited from the father. This testing captures more frequent changes in certain DNA and therefore is most useful over a relatively shorter time frame, such as for several generations. These results are for the one all-paternal line of a family – son to father, grandfather, and so forth. They show a man’s individual pattern within a more general, shared “gene type” or “haplotype.” Interest in Y-DNA testing is basically for two pursuits, following surname lineages (such as "DuBose") or geographical lineages (such as for "French heritage"). mtDNA testing looks specifically at the DNA found in our cell's mitochondria, which are passed on to both men and women from our mothers. Our mtDNA therefore represents our single all-maternal line – son or daughter to mother and her female ancestors – and so typically includes many family names. This type of DNA changes relatively slowly and therefore reaches to hundreds and thousands of years past, best representing deeper family group history or longerterm migration patterns. As has been described, this mtDNA assessment can indicate the likely region and ethnic group of our earliest discoverable maternal ancestor. This is accomplished by comparing an extended set of mtDNA test results to those from other individuals and ancestral groups. Specifically, a person’s “mtDNA exact matches may be recent, but they may also be hundreds or thousands of years in the past.” 202 For the testing available for Cecilia Lockwood, for example, another person matching her exactly would have a 50% confidence interval of that common ancestor being at five generations (about 125 years, assuming 25 years per generation) and a 95% confidence at 22 generations (about 550 years). Celia’s “gene group” or haplogroup K result indicates a European ancestry dating about 25,000 years into prehistory, and indicates even more ancient ancestry in what is today the Near and Middle East, millennia before any extensive European population even existed. 203

202

The Family Tree DNA Learning Center, “Maternal Lineages | Matching for Genealogy” (https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/dna-basics/mtdna). 203 See note 5. 28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 26 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood

ANCESTRAL LINES PAIRING A relatively new and comprehensive system significantly aids record-keeping, analysis, and display of relationships from the three most-common types of personal genetic testing – organizing lineages by generation for ancestors and descendants of any reference individual, presentable in easily read and understood formats. This can be for paternal-line (Y-DNA), maternal-line (mtDNA) and near-cousins (atDNA) studies. Adopting a traditional, patrilineal format, each direct all-male lineage is easily compared between Y-DNA-tested men. Using a matrilineal format, direct maternal lineages are highlighted for and between mtDNA-tested women or men. Employing either format, the system also organizes recent-generation cousins suggested from autosomal atDNA testing. For this matrilineal ancestry, the Ancestral Lines system is used to display component lines, generations and siblings. The system is based on a patented development, 204 and has been summarized in an initial publication 205 as follows: A new ancestral numbering system has been developed that visibly displays component lines and generations of pedigrees in either text or chart formats. This “Ancestral Lines Pairing System” meets essential requirements of being easy to read and understand while maintaining the integrity of its unique indicators, and of recording relationships briefly with as much useful information as possible. All ancestors are individually numbered without first compiling a comprehensive set or naming every individual. The new system first organizes and numbers each direct Line in a manner ideally suited to presenting these as continuous ancestral lineages – setting and maintaining the direct “ancestor line” numbers. It next visibly numbers successive Generations along each Line as simply as possible, with each father's and mother’s Generation number always being one greater than the Generation number of their children. Line numbers are added in the new system at one half the rate individuals are added in the Ahnentafel method, and the same smaller numbers continue to be used into the deeper ancestries. These therefore are not merely “index” locator numbers; they also clearly convey additional information beginning with the individual’s family Line and Generation. The Ancestral Lines Pairing System – Ancestral Lines for short – is particularly well suited for displaying ancestral lineages in a variety of formats. These reflect some of the more important considerations a genealogist should address in selecting and applying a numbering system. The initial Lines and Generations calculated for direct ancestors, displayed in a two-number format, can be used effectively in many applications. The next important alternative to consider is to build on this basic framework in a three-number format and uniquely number all Siblings and paternal or maternal half-Siblings of the direct ancestry consecutively. This assigns Sibling numbers continuously through all ancestral Pairings, using numbers representing temporal or other rankings appended to the calculated Line and Generation numbers of each direct Line. This fundamental alternative is particularly satisfactory for presenting any pedigree of direct ancestors and their full Siblings. Ancestral Lines readily supports both the Y-DNA and mtDNA studies often paired with traditional family research. These two distinct ancestral lineages are prominent and easily followed in the new system. Patrilineal Line 1 conveniently always represents the Y-DNA line, and Ancestral Lines’ straightforward Generational numbering matches with the testing companies’ and others’ supporting software formats that provide the probabilities of when a Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) is shared.

204 205

See note 7. See note 8.

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 27 of 28

Matrilineal (mtDNA) Ancestry of Cecilia Lockwood Ancestral Lines is mathematically based and readily computerized. Numbers given to the Maternal Lines paired in each Generation are equal to the partner’s Paternal Line number plus a consistent “Generation Constant.” This added number increases for all Lines in each ancestral Generation, growing as should be expected as multiples (or powers) of the “coupling” number, two.

When the all-male, paternal lineage is represented as Line 1, the all-female, maternal lineage has as its sequence of family numbers the “powers of two” – Lines 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and so forth. In this highly symmetrical organizing system, when the all-female, maternal lineage is represented as Line 1, as suggested for mtDNA studies, numbering for the all-male, paternal lineage “switches places” and has as its sequence of family numbers the same “powers of two.” The branching family line numbers also remain the same in the system, so that those numbers are the same whichever gender is placed along Line 1. This always numbers initial Line 1 branches as Lines 2, 3, 5, 9, 17 and 33 (from the sums of 1+1, 1+2, 1+4, 1+8, 1+16 and 1+32).

Capers W. McDonald is an executive in residence at Johns Hopkins University and a former chief executive officer of BioReliance Corporation. Related to this lineage, he has published “Warner Lockwood of New York, North Carolina and Illinois” (Record, 145:185-201), “Whelden/Whilden Family from Falmouth, Maine, to Salem, Massachusetts, to Sewee Bay, South Carolina, 1690-1696” (Register, 168:182-191), and “An Ancestral Lines Pairing System” (www.AmericanAncestors.org). He is a descendant of Catharina Sieger of Württemberg through his mother, Cecilia Lockwood McDonald. He resides in Pawleys Island, South Carolina, and Potomac, Maryland and may be contacted at [email protected]. The author is particularly grateful to professional researcher Sonja Hoeke-Nishimoto of Highland, Utah, for diligently translating and helping interpret the early German-language records cited, and to genealogist Dr. Giorgio Rombo of Genoa, Italy, for assistance documenting the Boero family of that vibrant city.

28 February 2015 © Capers W. McDonald

Page 28 of 28