innovation and intellectual property in drug discovery

innovation and intellectual property in drug discovery Dr Tony Wood VP, Head of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer

outline the cost and complexity of innovation in drug discovery attrition its relationship to disease and the need to drive molecular diversity the role of IP from a researchers perspective collaboration and open source research

R&D process summary

discover the right target

Source: PhRMA Industry Profile, 2009

invent the right molecule

costs are increasing

Source: PhRMA profile 2009

R&D expenditure pharmaceutical and other industries spend as percentage of annual revenues Pharmaceutical R&D

17.5

Computer Software & Services

10.5

Electrical & Electronics

8.4

Office Equipment & Services

7.8

Telecommunications

5.3 4.7

Leisure Time Products Automotive

3.9

Aerospace & Defense

3.8

Metals & Mining

1.2

Paper & Forest Products

0.73

All Industries

3.9

Source: PhRMA, 2006, based on data from PhRMA Annual Survey and Standard & Poor’s Compustat, a division of McGraw-Hill

better medicines can reduce healthcare costs AIDS Deaths per 100,000 Population First New Drugs Introduced, 1995

18 15 12 9 6 3 0 82

Monthly Health Spending for AIDS Patients $2,000

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Introduced, 1996–97

Total: $1,811

Total: $1,521

$1,600 $1,200

$1,193

$800 $400

$618

Other Costs Decrease by 41%

$700

Drug Costs Increase by 34%

$821

$0 86

90 Year

94

98

HIV Mortality Declined Dramatically After Introduction of First “Expensive” Antiretrovirals...

Jan 96

Rx drugs

Mid-1997

All other costs

…While Monthly Costs for AIDS Patients Decreased by 16% After HAART Introduced

Sources: 1) Costs – Bozzette SA, Joyce G, McCaffrey DF, et al. Expenditures for the care of HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001; 344(11):817-23; 2) Mortality – National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs. 3) Drug development data – PhRMA and the NIH Office of Technology transfer.

key decisions in drug discovery

discover the right biological target

invent the right molecule

two examples from HIV HIV particle

New viral particles

HIV binds to host cell

CCR5 or CXCR4 gp120

CD4

HIV RNA

Protease

HIV particle budding from cell

Reverse transcription Integrase

DNA copy of HIV RNA

HIV proteins

RNA genomes

DNA integrates into host genome Weiss, R., Nature 410, 963-967 (April 19, 2001)

a new approach WT CCR5

CCR532