marshall county, alabama natural hazards mitigation plan

MARSHALL COUNTY, ALABAMA

NATURAL HAZARDS MITIGATION PLAN Final Publication April 27, 2004 Prepared under the direction of the:

Marshall County, Alabama, Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee

By:

Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan This document was funded through a planning grant awarded by the Alabama Emergency Management Agency to the Marshall County Emergency Management Agency to fulfill the natural hazards mitigation planning requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000. The plan was prepared under the direction of the Marshall County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee by Lehe Planning, LLC. For additional information, please contact the EMA or the consultant, as follows:

Anita McBurnett, Planner Marshall County EMA 424 Blount Avenue, Courthouse Basement Guntersville, Alabama 35976 Phone: 256-571-7329 E-mail: mailto:[email protected] Web site: http://www.marshallema.org/

James E. Lehe, AICP Lehe Planning, LLC Urban and Environmental Planning 120 Summit Parkway, Suite 206 Homewood, AL 35209 Phone: 205-940-9214 E-mail mailto:[email protected] Web site: http://leheplanning.com/

Copyright © 2003 by Lehe Planning, LLC. All Rights Reserved. This document contains proprietary materials and methods copyrighted by Lehe Planning, LLC. Permission is granted to the Marshall County Emergency Management Agency for unrestricted use. Use by outside sources requires the express written permission of Lehe Planning, LLC. For permission contact in writing - James E. Lehe, AICP, 120 Summit Parkway, Suite 206, Homewood, AL 35209.

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Acknowledgements Marshall County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee City of Albertville City of Arab - Planning Department City of Boaz - Inspection Services City of Guntersville - Inspection Services Town of Douglas Town of Grant Town of Union Grove Marshall County - County Administrator Marshall County - County Engineer Marshall County - Economic Development Council Marshall County - EMA Marshall County - GIS and Information Technologies Marshall County - GIS and Information Technologies Marshall County - Revenue Commissioner All - TVA - Guntersville Water Shed Team TVA - Flood Manager Alabama Legislative Delegation - Marshall County Office Alabama Cooperative Extension - Agriculture Alabama Cooperative Extension - Hispanic Concerns Alabama State Forestry - Madison County Insurance - Miller/Harris/ Fowler Insurance Print Media – Sand Mountain Reporter Marshall County Home Builders Association Broadcast Media - WAFN Fun 92.7 FM

Paul Thompson Fred Peterson Don Bouldin E. W. Crabtree Mayor Paula Phillips Mayor Carolyn Dennis Annette Rutledge Pam Gilmore Bob Pirando Karen Morgan Anita McBurnett Donald Dunlap Greg Buckner Joey Masters Keri Johnson Roger Milstead Judy Miller Eddie Wheeler Juana Macias Mark Sullivan Jerry Fowler Shelly Smith Kelly Dennis Susan McKenney

Marshall County Emergency Management Agency Ms. Julie Brown, Director Ms. Anita McBurnett, Planner Lehe Planning, LLC James E. Lehe, AICP, Manager C. Kevin McCauley, Project Manager Celeste Boydston, Planner Kristine Goddard, Associate Planner Lewis Lehe, Planning Technician

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Contents Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Background and Purposes of the Plan 1.1 About the plan 1.2 Scope 1.3 Authority 1.4 Funding 1.5 Purposes County Profile 2.1 Geographic setting and history 2.2 Government 2.3 Demographics 2.4 Economy 2.5 Climate 2.6 Physical features 2.7 Utilities 2.8 Transportation The Planning Process 3.1 Hazard mitigation planning committee 3.2 Public involvement 3.3 Interagency and intergovernmental coordination 3.4 Participating jurisdictions 3.5 Integration with existing plans 3.6 Professional planning guidance Risk Assessment 4.1 The risk assessment process 4.2 Identification of hazards 4.3 Severe thunderstorms 4.4 Tornadoes 4.5 Winter storms/freezes 4.6 Floods 4.7 Wildfires 4.8 Droughts/heat waves 4.9 Hurricanes 4.10 Dam/levee failures 4.11 Landslides 4.12 Land subsidence 4.13 Earthquakes 4.14 Vulnerability assessment: identification of assets 4.15 Vulnerability assessment: impacts on population, buildings, critical facilities; estimated losses 4.16 Vulnerability assessment: analysis of development trends 4.17 Multi-jurisdictional risk assessment

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Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Mitigation Strategies 5.1 Purpose of the mitigation strategies 5.2 Identification and analysis of mitigation measures 5.3 The planning approach 5.4 Existing hazard mitigation activities 5.5 Mitigation issues and opportunities 5.6 Mitigation policies plan Community Mitigation Action Programs 6.1 Purpose of community mitigation action programs 6.2 Prioritization of mitigation actions 6.3 Available mitigation measures 6.4 Mitigation action programs Plan Maintenance 7.1 The planning cycle 7.2 Plan Maintenance Procedures 7.3 Ongoing monitoring and review 7.4 Assessment after a significant disaster event 7.5 Subcommittee oversight of plan implementation 7.6 Implementation through existing programs 7.7 Continuing public involvement 7.8 Ongoing planning needs

Charts 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 4-1 4-2

Population Density - Census 2000 Marshall County Population by Age Educational Attainment for 25 Years Old and Older Marshall County Employment by Industry Marshall County Household Income Annual Distribution by Month Annual Distribution by Intensity

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Steps in the Development of the Mitigation Strategies and Action Programs

2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10

Location Map, Marshall County, Alabama Population Density, Marshall County Topography, Marshall County Transportation System, Marshall County Tornado Threat Probabilities Marshall County Tornado Tracts Since 1884 Flood Insurance Rate Map, Unincorporated Areas, Marshall County Flood Insurance Rate Map, Guntersville, Marshall County, Alabama Marshall County Flood Exposure Fire Hazard Areas Forest Fire Fuel Model Map Path of hurricane Opal, 1995 Locations of Dams, Marshall County Dam Failure Inundation, Marshall County

Figures

Maps

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Maps (continued) 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-25 4-26 4-27 4-28 4-29 4-30 4-31 4-32 Tables 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 3-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17

Landslide Hazard Areas, State of Alabama Areas of Alabama with Active Sinkholes and Land Subsidence Land Subsidence Areas, 1977, Marshall County Earthquakes in Alabama Since 1916 Earthquake Hazard Areas Earthquake of 1916 Total Economic Loss Total Economic Loss Estimate 100 Year - 5 Magnitude Earthquake Communication Facilities Marshall County Emergency Care and Operation Facilities Marshall County Police and Fire Locations Marshall County Fire Department Coverage Marshall County Emergency Sirens Marshall County Schools Pre/Post Disaster Shelters Assisted Living Facilities Marshall County Building Exposure ($1,000's) City of Guntersville Land Use Map City of Arab Land Use Map City of Albertville Zoning Map City of Boaz Zoning Map Land Use and Land Cover, Marshall County Cities, Towns, and Unincorporated Communities, Marshall County Population Change from 1980 to 2000 Largest Employers, Marshall County, Alabama Marshall County Workforce by Occupation Weather Observations, Marshall County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Members Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Exercise by Jurisdiction Summary of Federally-Declared Disasters 1973-2003, Marshall County Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Hail Events Since 1967, Marshall County Lightning Events Since 1994 Thunderstorm/Windstorm Events, Local Press Reportings Hail Events, Local Press Reportings Lightning Events, Local Press Reportings Tornadoes Since 1957, Marshall County Tornado Events, Local Press Reportings Tornado Events, National Weather Service Fujita Tornado Damage Scale Winter Storm Events, State of Alabama Winter Storm Events, Local Press Reportings Flood Events, Marshall County Flooding in Marshall County, Local Press Reportings Wildfires in Marshall County

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Tables (continued) 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-25 4-27 4-28 4-29 4-30 4-31 5-1 5-2 5-3 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10

Drought/Heat Waves in Marshall County Heat Index/Heat Disorders Hurricanes/Tropical Storms Since 1995, State of Alabama Earthquakes, Marshall County Total County Building Inventory Building Exposure by Occupancy Type Population Vulnerable to Hazards Number of Buildings Exposed to Hazards Annual Property Damage Estimates Historical and Projected Population Growth Trends for Marshall County, 1980-2025 Historical Population Growth, Jurisdictions in Marshall County Multi-Jurisdictional Risk Assessment Public's Risk Assessment by Community National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Participants Regulatory Tools by Jurisdiction FEMA-Funded Mitigation Projects Mitigation Measures Marshall County Mitigation Action Program City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program City of Arab Mitigation Action Program City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Priority Projects for FEMA Funding

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Chapter 1

Background and Purposes of the Plan 1.1

About the Plan

The Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan is a multijurisdictional guide for all communities that have participated in the preparation of this plan through the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC). The jurisdictions that participated in the development of this plan include the cities of Albertville, Arab, Boaz, and Guntersville, and the towns of Grant, Douglas, and Union Grove. It fulfills the requirements of the Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) as administered by the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Region IV. Adoption of this plan assures continuing eligibility for FEMA grant assistance to participating localities, including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), the PreDisaster Mitigation Grant Program (PDM), the Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA), and other Federally funded programs. The planning process began in January 2004 with the appointment of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) by the Local Emergency Planning Committee of the Marshall County Emergency Management Agency (EMA). The committee first convened in January 2004. 1.2

Scope

The scope of the Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan is the unincorporated and incorporated areas within Marshall County. The plan addresses all natural hazards deemed to threaten property and persons within the county. Both short- and long-term hazard mitigation strategies are addressed, implementation tasks assigned, and funding alternatives identified. In addition to this chapter, the plan contains the following elements: 1. A profile of the county’s geography, history, physical features, and socioeconomic characteristics (Chapter 2. County Profile). 2. A description of the planning process that initiates and promotes participation by all local, regional, state and federal governments as well as the public, academia, businesses and non-profit agencies (Chapter 3. Planning Process). 3. A general assessment of the county’s past and predicted future exposure to natural hazards and the risks that it faces, including impacts on buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure, and loss estimates (Chapter 4. Risk Assessment).

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4. An assessment of local governments’ capabilities to implement hazard mitigation measures, and the goals, objectives, policies and action items intended to effectively mitigate the county’s natural hazard risks (Chapter 5. Mitigation Strategies). 5. The short-range (5-year) mitigation action programs for each participating jurisdiction (Chapter 6. Community Mitigation Action Programs). 6. Procedures for maintaining an active and effective, long-range hazard mitigation planning and implementation program (Chapter 7. Plan Maintenance). 1.3

Authority

Section 409 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 93-288, as amended), Title 44 CFR, as amended by Section 102 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, provides the framework for state and local governments to evaluate and mitigate all hazards as a condition for receiving Federal disaster assistance. A major requirement of the law is the development of a local hazard mitigation plan. 1.4

Funding

The AEMA awarded a Supplemental Planning Grant to the Marshall County EMA for the preparation of this plan. 1.5

Purposes

Hazard mitigation is any action taken to permanently reduce or eliminate long-term risks to people and their property from the effects of hazards. Natural hazards come in many forms: tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, severe storms, winter freezes, wildfires, droughts, landslides, land subsidence, earthquakes, or dam failures resulting from natural disaster crises. Communities can take steps to prepare and implement mitigation techniques for almost any type of hazard that may threaten its citizens, businesses and institutions. Hazard mitigation planning helps to identify a range of structural approaches to lower the costs of future disasters by meeting the unique needs of the community. For example, structural mitigation projects for flooding could involve modifying a stream channel to increase the conveyance of floodwaters or retarding the flow rate by the construction of detention facilities. Mitigation strategies can also involve non-structural initiatives, such as educational programs to inform homeowners of their vulnerability to natural disasters in order to encourage them to purchase insurance or retrofit their homes. Non-structural programs can also include developing and enforcing regulations to prevent construction in hazard areas, or to ensure that development that does occur will be resistant to the hazards threatening the area.

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Mitigation programs and projects serve to lessen a community's vulnerability to the hardships and costs of disasters. The implementation of mitigation programs is a key component to achieving a sustainable community, one in which the economic and social needs of people, businesses, and institutions coexist with natural environmental constraints and are protected from the disruptions and impacts of emergencies and disasters. Hazard mitigation planning must be closely coordinated with a community's overall planning and development efforts. The most effective way for a community to initiate this objective is through a comprehensive local hazard mitigation planning program, as presented here. Comprehensive planning can provide Marshall County citizens a safe, healthy and prosperous place in which to live and work. The purpose of the Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan is to develop a unified approach among its local governments for dealing with identified hazards and hazard management problems. This plan serves as a guide for local governments in their ongoing efforts to reduce vulnerability to the impacts produced by natural hazards. Further, the plan seeks to accomplish the following additional purposes:    

Establish an ongoing hazard mitigation planning program; Identify and assess the hazards that pose a threat to life and property; Evaluate additional mitigation measures that should be undertaken; and Outline procedures for monitoring the implementation of mitigation strategies.

This plan provides guidance for local mitigation activities over the next five-year planning cycle. It encourages activities that are most effective and appropriate for mitigating the effects of all natural hazards.

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Chapter 2

County Profile 2.1 Geographic Setting and History Marshall County, population 82,231 (Census 2000), is located in rural northeast Alabama as shown in Map 2-1. The county is approximately 627 square miles with 56 square miles covered by Guntersville Reservoir. 173,800 acres of Marshall County's 363,700 acres are forestland. It is not part of any surrounding metropolitan area. The county is bordered on the northeast by Jackson County, on the east by DeKalb County, on the southeast by Etowah County, on the southwest by Blount and Cullman Counties, on the west by Morgan County and on the northwest by Madison County. On January 9, 1836 Marshall County, Alabama was created by the state legislature. Marshall County was named for Chief Justice John Marshall. There have been four county seats Claysville (1836), Marshall (1838), Warrenton (1841) and the current seat, Guntersville (1848). The main cities/towns of Marshall County are Albertville (17,247), Arab (7,174), Boaz (7,411), Guntersville (7,395), Grant (665), Douglas (530), and Union Grove (94). Marshall County is located approximately 65 miles from Birmingham, Alabama; 180 miles from Montgomery, Alabama; 35 miles from Huntsville, Alabama; 330 miles from Mobile, Alabama; 98 miles from Chattanooga, Tennessee; 150 miles from Atlanta, Georgia; 400 miles from New Orleans; and 665 miles from Dallas, Texas. Map 2-1. Location Map, Marshall County, Alabama 2.2

Government

Seven municipalities are located in Marshall County: the Cities of Albertville, Arab, Boaz, and Guntersville, and the towns of Grant, Douglas, and Union Grove. All of the

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municipalities have a mayor/city council form of government. The Marshall County Commission, located in Guntersville, is composed of a five member Board: one Chairman and four Commissioners that are elected by the voters in each of the geographic districts. The Chairman is elected from the County at large. The entire Commission serves a four-year term, which is staggered. 2.3

Demographics

Marshall County has experienced an increase in population over recent decades. In 1990, the population of the county was 70,832, an 8% increase over the 1980 level of 65,628. The 2000 population was 82,231, a population increase of 16% over 1990. Table 2-1 contains the populations of the county and municipalities and their percent increase from 1980 to 2000 according to U. S. Census. Chart 2-1 shows the population of the county and its municipalities for 2000. Map 2-2 depicts the population density of Marshall County.

Table 2-1. Population Change from 1980 to 2000 Marshall Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove

1980

1990

65,628 12,039 5,967 7,151 116 632 7,041 N/A

70,832 14,507 6,321 6,928 474 638 7,038 156

Number Change

5,204 2,468 354 -223 358 6 -3 N/A

Percent Change

8% 21% 6% -3% 309% 1% 0% N/A

2000

Number Change

82,231 17,247 7,174 7,411 530 665 7,395 94

Source: US Census

Chart 2-1. Population Density - Census 2000

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11,399 2,740 826 483 56 27 357 -62

Percent Change

16% 19% 13% 7% 12% 4% 5% -40%

Map 2-2. Population Density, Marshall County

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The U. S. Census indicates that 33.3% of Marshall County's population is under the age of 24. This age group will have a substantial impact on common facility requirements. The 25-54 age group is an important asset in realizing the County’s full social and economic potential since people between 25 and 54 years old are usually the most productive in the County. In the year 2000, the 25-54 age group accounted for approximately 34,552 persons or 42% of the total population. The age group of 55 years or older represents 20,263 persons or 24.6%. The high percentage of people over the age of 55 should have an effect on the community facilities required to serve this age group such as health care facilities as well as elderly and public assistance programs. Chart 2-2 depicts the breakdown of the County by the age of residents.

Chart 2-2. Marshall County Population by Age 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years

Age

45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Number of People Source: US Census

Whites comprise 93.4 % of the population and African-Americans make up 1.5 %. The rest of Marshall County’s population includes Hispanics, American Indians, Asians, and Pacific Islanders. The County is fifty-one percent female and forty-nine percent male. Of Marshall County's population of 25 years or older, 69.4 percent are high school graduates or higher, and 13.9 percent of those have a bachelor's degree or higher. The following chart depicts the educational attainment of the older citizens of Marshall County.

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14,000

Chart 2-3. Educational Attainment for 25 Years Old and Older Graduate or professional degree

2,642

Bachelor's degree

4,997

Associate degree

3,081

Some college, no degree

10,638

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

16,758

9th to 12th grade, no diploma

10,353

6,492

Less than 9th grade 0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Source: US Census

Housing values ranged from 2,937 units at less than $50,000 to 14 units valued at $1,000,000 or more. The median value for a home in Marshall County in 2000 was $80,900. 2.4

Economy Business and Industry

Poultry processing is the largest industry in the county. Between Goldkist, Inc; Tyson Foods, Inc.; Wayne Farms; and Pro Foods they employ 4,515 people. Local governments employ 3,206 people. Education systems throughout the County employ 1,825 people. Table 2-2 below lists the fifteen largest employers in Marshall County.

Table 2-2. Largest Employers, Marshall County, Alabama Company

Goldkist, Inc. Marshall Medical Systems Tyson Foods, Inc. Marshall Co. Board of Ed. Wayne Farms, LLC Pro Foods International Mueller Company TS Tech Alabama

Location

Products/Service

Boaz/Guntersville Boaz Albertville Guntersville Albertville Albertville Boaz Boaz

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Poultry Processing Hospitals Poultry Processing K-12 School System Poultry Processing Poultry Further Processing Fire Hydrants Automotive Supplier

Number of Employees

1700 1150 1035 850 1100 680 580 476

18,000

Table 2-2. Largest Employers, Marshall County, Alabama Company

Location

Albertville City Bd of Ed Sanmina-SCI Corp. Kappler, Inc.

Albertville Guntersville Guntersville

Arab City Bd of Ed Mitchell Grocery Corp. Homes of Legend

Arab Albertville Boaz

Guntersville City Bd of Ed

Guntersville

Products/Service

K-12 School System Printed Circuit Boards Chemical/Protective Clothing K-12 School System Wholesale Grocery Manufacturer of Mobile Homes K-12 School System

Number of Employees

430 340 330 310 300 300 235

Source: Marshall County Economic Development Council

Workforce Characteristics In 2000, Marshall County has a total population, aged 16 years and up, of 64,209. This total may be broken down into 38,900 citizens in the labor force and 25,309 not in the labor force. Of the 38,900, there were 2,233 unemployed workers, or a 5.7 percent unemployment rate. Statistics received from the County Economic Development office recorded an unemployment rate of 5% as of December 2003. Most of the employed citizens work in either management and professional jobs, or production and transportation as shown in Table 2-3. Employment by industry is shown in Chart 2-4.

Table 2-3. Marshall County Workforce by Occupation (Employed civilian population 16 years and over) Number of Occupation Workers Management, professional, and related occupations 9,197 Service occupations 4,255 Sales and office occupations 8,944 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 371 Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations 4,665 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 9,177 Source: US Census

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Percent of Workforce 25.1 11.6 24.4 1 12.7 25.1

Chart 2-4. Marshall County Employment By Industry Public administration

1,621

Other services (except public administration)

1,839

Arts, entertainment, rec., accommodation & food services

2,167

Educational, health & social services

4,964

Professional, scientific, mgt. admin., & waste mgt ser.

1,985

Finance, insurance, real estate, & rental and leasing

1,440

Information

726

Transportation and warehousing, & utilities

1,540

Retail trade

5,027

Wholesale trade

1,291

Manufacturing

10,181

Construction

2,945

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, & mining

883 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Number of Workers

The median household income for Marshall County is $32,167 compared to a state average of $34,135. Approximately 11.7 percent of families live below the poverty line, and 14.7 percent of individuals are classified as below the poverty level. Chart 2-5 depicts household income distribution for Marshall County.

Chart 2-4. Marshall County Employment By Industry Public administration

1,621

Other services (except public administration)

1,839

Arts, entertainment, rec., accommodation & food services

2,167

Educational, health & social services

4,964

P rofessional, scientific, mgt. admin., & waste mgt ser.

1,985

Finance, insurance, real estate, & rental and leasing

1,440

Information

726

Transportation and warehousing, & utilities

1,540

Retail trade

5,027

W holesale trade

1,291

M anufacturing

10,181

Construction

2,945

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, & mining

883 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

Number of W orkers

2-7

10000

12000

12000

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Climate

Marshall County’s climate is humid with cold winters and hot summers. The average annual rainfall is 52 inches. The mean temperature is 62 degrees Fahrenheit. The mean annual low is 44 degrees Fahrenheit and the mean high is 79 degrees Fahrenheit in July. Table 2-4 shows the weather observations for Marshall County. Table 2-4. Weather Observations, Marshall County Item Observation Average Winter Temperature 43.8° F Average Winter Minimum Temperature 33.0° F Lowest Temperature (January 21, 1985) -11° F Average Summer Temperature 78.2° F Average Summer Maximum Temperature 89.5° F Highest Temperature (July 17, 1980) 106° F Total Annual Precipitation 68.5 inches Heaviest One-Day Rainfall (July 9, 1946) 6.30 inches Average Season Snowfall 1.9 inches Prevailing Wind 6 mph Source: SE Regional Climate Center & Marshall Co. Economic Dev. Council

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Physical Features

Marshall County is located in northeast Alabama. It is approximately 627 square miles with 56 square miles covered by Guntersville Reservoir. The county is divided into three physiographic divisions - sandstone plateaus, rough mountain slopes, and limestone valleys. From the southwest to the northeast across the center of the county is an anticlinal valley. It is approximately 3 miles wide. From the northeast through the valley to Guntersville is the Tennessee River. The river turns northwestward from Guntersville and flows through a valley cut by its flow. The anticlinal valley and the Tennessee River Valley cut the county into three segments. Deep, steep-walled geologic erosion channels dissected the undulating to rolling plateaus. Rough mountain slopes extend into the limestone valleys from the edges of the plateaus. North of the Tennessee River lies Gunters Mountain, to the east of the anticlinal valley is Sand Mountain, and to the west of the valley is Brindley Mountain. Gunters Mountain is the highest plateau. Most of the county drains into the Tennessee River. The County's most southern portion drains to the southwest to the branches of the Locust Fork or the Black Warrior River. Map 2-3 shows the topography of the County.

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Map 2-3. Topography, Marshall County

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2.7

Utilities Electricity. Electric power is provided by the Albertville Municipal Utilities Board, Arab Electric Cooperative, Cherokee Electric Cooperative, Alabama Power, Marshall-DeKalb Electric Cooperative, Sand Mountain Electric Cooperative, North Alabama Electric Cooperative and Guntersville Electric Board. Gas. Natural gas is provided by the Marshall County Gas District for all areas other than Boaz. The Boaz Gas Board provides gas for the Boaz area. Water and sewer. Water and sewer service is provided by the Municipal Utilities Board, Boaz Water and Sewer, Guntersville Water Works and Sewer Board, Arab Water Works, Arab Sewer Board, Northeast Alabama Water Authority, Albertville Utilities Board, Douglas Water Authority, Swearengin Water System, Union Grove Utility Board, and North Alabama Water Authority.

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Media Cable. Charter Communications, Horizon Communications, Premier, Steve's Satellite Center and Wireless One provide cable service for areas within Marshall County. Satellite television is also available throughout the County. Print. The Advertiser Gleam out of Guntersville, the Sand Mountain Reporter out of Albertville, and the Arab Tribune of Arab are the three local newspapers for Marshall County. They also receive The Huntsville Times, The Gadsden Times, and The Birmingham News and Post Herald. Telecommunications. Cherokee Telephone Company, TDS Telecom, BellSouth Telecommunications, OTELCO, New Hope Telephone Company, and Brindlee Mountain Telephone Company provide telephone services. Ameraican Telegraph Service and Western Union provide telegraph services. Cellular service and 800 Mhz service is provided by BellSouth Mobility, CORR wireless, Cingular, Southern Linc, Nextel, and Verizon Wireless. Radio. Local radio stations include: WAFN-FM 92.7 - Arab, WQSB-FM 105.1 Albertville, WAVU-AM 630 - Albertville, WTWX-FM 95.9 - Guntersville, WGSVAM 1270 - Guntersville, WBSA-AM 1300 - Boaz, WRAB-AM 1380 - Arab, and WJIA-FM 88.5 - Guntersville.

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Transportation (See Map 2-4) Roadways. Marshall County is served by U.S. Highways 431 and 231, and six State Highways: 69, 75, 79, 168, 205, and 227. Railway. CSX has a rail line that goes to Guntersville to the port facilities at Port of Guntersville located along the Tennessee River.

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Airports. There are two commercial airports, one in Guntersville and the other in Albertville, providing service to small private and commercial aircraft. There is a heliport located in the state park. The Huntsville and Birmingham International Airports are 45 and 60 miles from Guntersville respectively. Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport is 90 miles and Atlanta-Hartsfield International Airport is 150 miles from Guntersville. Waterways. Flowing through Marshall County is the Tennessee River. This river is navigable and it is from the Tennessee River that Lake Guntersville is formed. The port facilities of the Port of Guntersville are located along the Tennessee River in Guntersville.

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Map 2-4. Transportation System, Marshall County

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Chapter 3

The Planning Process 3.1

A Multi-Jurisdictional Planning Process

The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee represents all incorporated cities and towns – Albertville, Arab, Boaz, Douglas, Grant, Guntersville, and Union Grove - and all unincorporated communities and areas of Marshall County. The Committee seeks a coordinated and active mitigation planning process among all jurisdictions with their full participation in plan development and implementation. This integrated planning process combines the risks, issues, goals, and mitigation measures of each community into a consolidated plan whereby all jurisdictions have equal opportunity for participation and full representation in the planning process. This process, therefore, satisfies the requirements of CFR Section 201.6(a)(3) of the DMA 2000 in which “multi-jurisdictional plans may be accepted, as appropriate, as long as each jurisdiction has participated in the process.” All jurisdictions fully participated in all committee meetings, committee assignments and exercises, public meetings, and other planning activities completed during the drafting phase of this Plan. In addition to Committee representation, each jurisdiction conducted an independent public hearing to receive public comments prior to final action by each governing body to adopt the plan. 3.2

Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee

A special planning committee – the Marshall County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee – comprised of representatives from all the jurisdictions and other organizations in Marshall County concerned with natural disasters guided the development of this natural hazards mitigation plan. The members of the Planning Committee and the organizations or jurisdictions they represent are shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Members Name Paul Thompson Fred Peterson Don Bouldin E. W. Crabtree Mayor Paula Phillips Mayor Carolyn Dennis Annette Rutledge Pam Gilmore Bob Pirando

Agency City of Albertville - Building Inspector City of Arab - City Planner City of Boaz - Building Inspector City of Guntersville - Building Inspector Town of Douglas - Mayor Town of Grant - Mayor Town of Union Grove - Representative Marshall County Administrator Marshall County Engineer

Karen Morgan Anita McBurnett Donald Dunlap Greg Buckner

Marshall County Economic Dev. Council Marshall County EMA Planner Marshall County GIS & Info. Technologies Marshall County GIS & Info. Technologies

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Representing Albertville Arab Boaz Guntersville Douglas Grant Union Grove County County, Union Grove, Grant, and Douglas County All County County

Table 3-1. Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Members Name Joey Masters Keri Johnson Roger Milstead Judy Miller Eddie Wheeler Juana Macias Mark Sullivan Jerry Fowler Shelly Smith Kelly Dennis Susan McKenney

Agency Marshall County Revenue Commissioner Guntersville Watershed Team - TVA Flood Manager - TVA Alabama Legislative Delegation - Marshall Co. Office Alabama Cooperative Extension - Agriculture Alabama Cooperative Extension - Hispanic Concerns Alabama State Forestry - Madison County Office Insurance - Miller/Harris/Fowler Insurance Sand Mountain Reporter Marshall County Home Builders Assoc. WAFN Fun 92.7 FM – Fun Media Group

Representing County TVA TVA All All All County Insurance Print Media Home Builders Broadcast Media

*Note: Marshall County has jurisdiction within all incorporated and unincorporated areas of the County and, through normal business practices, performs services, such as planning, engineering, public works, emergency management, and any other services authorized by intergovernmental agreement, to support municipal operations. The Marshall County Committee members represent all municipalities within Marshall County as well as unincorporated communities within the County. The Town of Sardis City partially lies within Marshall County, but has participated in the county mitigation plan for Etowah County. Although Arab and Boaz reside in two counties, the Marshall County Mitigation Plan addresses the hazards for these two municipalities.

Initial members were recommended by Anita McBurnett, Planner Marshall County EMA, and then appointed by the Marshall County Commission, and the Mayors of the municipalities. Any citizen may contact the EMA for possible appointment to the Committee. The EMA Planner serves as staff facilitator to the Committee and as liaison to the participating municipalities and the County Commission. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee is organized into seven subcommittees – GIS, Prevention, Property Protection,

3-2

Public Education and Outreach, Natural Resources Protection, Emergency Services, and Structural Projects. (Chapter 7 further describes the Committee organization and functions). The Committee adopted the following mission statement at its first meeting: The mission of the Marshall County Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee is to oversee and establish a comprehensive hazard mitigation planning process that:  Engages public participation and support;  Facilitates Federal, state, regional and local agencies’ coordination;  Constantly monitors and evaluates the potential risks of hazards to life and property;  Actively mobilizes all available community resources and measures to mitigate the threats of hazards; and,  Results in programmed actions with specific results. During the plan drafting process, the Committee held eight meetings between January 21 and April 15, 2004. Documentation of these meetings in the form of sign-in sheets and meeting agendas are on file in the EMA office. The Committee’s tasks were facilitated by a web site, mitigationplan.org, specifically designed to assist in the planning process. The web site listed the dates and times of all Committee meetings and public meetings and displayed sections of the draft plan as they were completed. Sample pages from the web site are on file in the EMA office. Those Committee members unable to attend a meeting received agendas and completed Committee assignments presented via fax, email, post, or telephone, or personal meetings with the EMA Planner. Detailed minutes of each meeting were prepared by the EMA Planner to distributed to each member for review and approval. Over the course of the committee meetings, each Committee member was asked to participate in five different exercises designed by the Committee’s consultant to solicit input into the planning process by each member. (Section 5.2 in Chapter 5 presents complete descriptions of the exercises and their application in the planning process). Representatives from all jurisdictions completed all of the exercises. In Committee Exercise #1 Mission/Vision Statements the members created a mission statement for the Committee and a vision statement for a disaster-resistant community. Committee Exercise #2 - Hazard Identification was used to identify the hazards members believe were possible risks/threats to

3-3

their jurisdiction and rank those hazards according to those risks/threats. Committee Exercise #3 - Hazard Profiles required members to provide information on hazards that occurred in their jurisdiction. Committee Exercise #4 - Capabilities Assessment for Hazard Mitigation surveyed members to identify regulatory tools, i.e. codes, ordinances; what their personnel resources are, i.e. city engineer; and what financial resources are available, i.e. CDBG, taxes, within their jurisdictions. Committee Exercise #5 - Alternative Mitigation Measures asked the participants to describe the most critical hazard issues and opportunities and make recommendations for mitigation measures and projects. The Committee supplemented this exercise with its own exercise designed to define common goals, issues, and mitigation measures to be undertaken jointly by all jurisdictions. The information provided from the members’ participation in Committee meetings and in Committee exercises form the basis for this Plan. Results of all exercises are maintained in the EMA offices. 3.3

Public Involvement

The Planning Committee solicited public input into the mitigation plan through a public survey, public meetings, the local news media, and an internet web site. Residents were encouraged to provide input through their representative on the Committee from each jurisdiction. They were also invited to attend meetings and provide their comments and concerns. On the following pages are a copy of the survey provided to the public and a copy of the notification for the public meeting. Several news releases were issued during the planning process to announce public meetings and provide brief explanations on why the plan was being developed. Station 92.7 FM also provided a link to the plan's web site which was announced by the station so citizens were aware the draft plan could be reviewed online. Horizon Communications aired coverage of the Marshall County Commission Meeting and the Guntersville City Council meeting where the term "mitigation" was defined, the draft plan was introduced, and comments were solicited. Table 4-31 in Chapter 4 is a tabulation of the results of the public survey. Almost every community in Marshall County had at least one resident respond to the survey. Responses totaled 183. Chapter 4, Section 4.19 tabulates the results of the public survey, and comments recorded on the survey forms are kept in the EMA office. The input from the public has been incorporated into the mitigation strategies in Chapter 5 and it was found that public perception of the risks presented by natural hazards was similar to those serving on the Committee. These findings were consulted by the Committee when preparing the mitigation strategies. The surveys and documentation of these events are on file in the EMA office. In addition to public hearings and the survey for residents’ concerns, the Public Survey Questionnaire was sent to all industry, manufacturing, educational institutions K-14, retail business and financial institutions in Marshall County. The public survey was sent via email along with an announcement of the development of the Draft Mitigation Plan, a solicitation for input and comments, the web address for viewing the plans development and an invitation to attend the Committee’s meetings. Moreover, many of the Committee members spoke at various organizational, association and neighborhood meetings and received input from those in attendance. 3-4

Marshall County Natural Hazards Mitigation Public Survey Please rate the severity of risks and threats to our county of the following natural hazards, according to the following scale: 5 = very severe risk/threat 4 = severe risk/threat 3 = moderate risk/threat 2 = slight risk/threat 1= minimal risk/threat Tornadoes

____

Winter Storms/Freezes

____

Severe Storms

____

Droughts/Heat Waves

____

Floods

____

Dam Failures

____

Landslides

____

Earthquakes

____

____

Other natural hazard ________________ (specify hazard)

____

Sinkholes (Land Subsidence)

1. Do you have any specific concerns for any of the above hazards? __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

2. Do you have any recommendations on how to mitigate (lessen the effects of) one or more of the above hazards? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your comments.

3-5

A public meeting was held on March 17, 2004 at the Marshall County Courthouse in Guntersville. The EMA planner hosted a display that included severe weather information, mitigation measures, handbooks, videos and a Public Survey questionnaire. The mitigation planning process was explained, and the Committee members were introduced. An additional public review meeting was held on March 23, 2004 during a Storm Spotters Class. There were 110 people in attendance. During the meeting, a fifteenminute presentation of the draft plan was conducted, and the plan was available for review. Announcements publicized that the mitigation plan would remain available for public review and comment until April 8th, 2004, on the 3rd floor Commission office of the Marshall County Courthouse along with the plan maps and risk assessment information. A public hearing to receive comments was held by each jurisdiction prior to adopting this Plan by resolution, as required by State law. All jurisdictions approved the adopting resolutions by unanimous vote of the governing bodies. The original resolutions and public hearing minutes are kept on file at the EMA offices.

3-5

3-6

3.4

Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination

As shown by the roll of the Planning Committee members in Table 3-1above, the Committee is well represented by those municipalities and agencies in the area concerned with natural hazards. In addition, the letter on the following page was sent via e-mail or fax to the following agencies having an interest in the hazard mitigation plan, notifying them of the draft plan and requesting their input and cooperation. Representatives of the Alabama Forestry Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Marshall County Economic Development Council attended meetings. The National Weather Service provided data on hazard events. There was no input from the other agencies listed. Federal Agencies  National Weather Service - Huntsville Office  Natural Resources Conservation Service – Alabama District  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Mobile District  Tennessee Valley Authority State Agencies  Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA)  Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA)  Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM)  Alabama Department of Transportation (ADOT)  Alabama Forestry Commission - Marshall County Office  Geological Survey of Alabama Businesses, Academia, Non-Profits and Regional Agencies  Top of Alabama Regional Council of Governments  Marshall County Economic Development Council  American Red Cross, Madison-Marshall County Chapter Adjacent Counties  Madison County  Morgan County  Cullman County  Blount County  Etowah County  DeKalb County  Jackson County

3-7

120 Summit Parkway, Suite 202 Homewood, AL 35209 Phone: 205-940-9214 http://leheplanning.com [email protected]

March 26, 2003

NOTICE OF DRAFT PLAN AND REQUEST FOR COMMENTS Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Marshall County is currently developing a natural hazards mitigation plan for its municipalities and unincorporated areas. The plan will serve as a strategic planning guide in fulfillment of requirements of the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), as administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). DMA 2000 provides the framework for state and local governments to evaluate and mitigate all hazards as a condition to receiving Federal disaster assistance. Lehe Planning, LLC, has been retained by the County’s Emergency Management Agency to prepare the plan under the direction of its Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee. A major requirement of the federal law is the development of a local hazard mitigation plan. Among other DMA 2000 planning criteria, an “open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include: An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia and other private and non-profit interests to be involved in the planning process.” To meet the coordination requirements, the County’s Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee requests your organization’s involvement in the planning process. You may view the draft plan on the Web at http://mitigationplan.org by clicking on the County’s link to its page on the Web site. Links on the bottom of the County’s page will allow you to view the draft plan. A second link allows comments to be e-mailed directly to the County’s planning consultants. You will also find contact information on the site if you would like to discuss the plan with the EMA Director or any of the consultants. This site is maintained to inform the general public and interested parties of the planning process and to allow a convenient means to comment on the plan as it is drafted. You may forward this message to any other agency or individual that might have an interest in the mitigation plan. On behalf of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, your participation is appreciated.

Sincerely,

James E. Lehe, AICP Manager

3-8

3.5

Participating Jurisdictions

All jurisdictions within Marshall County have participated in the planning process by representation on the Planning Committee and have adopted the final plan by formal resolution. These jurisdictions include the Marshall County Commission and the municipalities of Albertville, Arab, Boaz, Guntersville, Grant, Douglas, and Union Grove . 3.6

Integration With Existing Plans

The mitigation strategies included in this Plan will be incorporated into the Marshall County Emergency Operations Plan (MCEOP) administered through the Emergency Management Agency office. The Marshall County EMA will conduct a yearly review of the MCEOP in conjunction with the mitigation strategies that are currently in progress or planned for implementation. The EMA will ensure that mitigation strategies are adequately addressed and incorporated to the furthest extent possible in the review cycle for the MCEOP. The requirements of this mitigation plan should also be integrated into any revisions of existing comprehensive plans and/or future planning documents at the appropriate time. Specific measures for plan integration are included in the Community Mitigation Action Programs for each jurisdiction (see Chapter 6). Integrated into this Plan is information from the following plans, studies, and reports, among other resources:  Tennessee Valley Authority, Guntersville Dam and Nickajack Dam Emergency Action Plan  Tennessee Valley Authority Guntersville Watershed Plan  Comprehensive Land Use Plans for Albertville, Arab, Boaz, and Guntersville  Alabama Data Center demographic and economic reports  NOAA and NWS records  FEMA and local disasters reports  Long range transportation plans and growth projections from the Regional Planning Commission  Flood Insurance Studies and Flood Insurance Rate Maps  Flood Mitigation Plan 3.7

Professional Planning Guidance

This Plan was prepared under the direction of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee with the guidance and support of a professional planner - James E. Lehe, AICP, Manager of Lehe Planning, LLC, Urban and Environmental Planning, of Homewood, Alabama. A professional planner will continue guidance and support to the Committee with any revisions, amendments, or updates to this Plan.

3-9

Chapter 4

Risk Assessment 4.1

The Risk Assessment Process

This risk assessment identifies all natural hazards affecting Marshall County. It provides information on the history and extents of hazards, evaluates the possible effects, identifies vulnerable populations and assets (buildings, critical facilities, and essential infrastructure), and estimates potential losses that might occur. The risk assessment process identifies the most critical problems and issues that require mitigation actions. FEMA’s newly-released HAZUS®MH software was used to assess risks and potential losses from floods, hurricane winds and earthquakes. In HAZUS®MH, current scientific and engineering knowledge works with GIS technology to produce estimates of hazard-related damage before, or after, a disaster occurs. HAZUS®MH can perform three levels of analysis, depending on the data set used. Level I is the most basic level of analysis applies and was used in this risk assessment. It uses the built-in data set supplied with the software. The results are reported in this chapter in the form of “Quick Assessment Reports” which provide a concise summary of the analytical results of the risk assessment. Some of the maps generated from HAZUS®MH are also included in this document. The Marshall County Department of Information Technology maintains the complete results of the HAZUS®MH study. 4.2

Identification of Hazards

The Planning Committee completed Committee Exercise #2 - Hazard Identification in which they reviewed a list of all potential natural hazards and identified those that might occur in their jurisdiction. Next, members ranked the risk or probability of the hazard occurring and the threat of damage that might be incurred should the event take place. The results are presented in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Exercise by Jurisdiction Hazard Tornadoes Marshall Co. Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove Severe storms Marshall Co. Albertville Arab

Exp.*

Risk**

Threat***

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Very Severe Severe Very Severe Severe Very Severe Very Severe Moderate Very Severe

Very Severe Very Severe Very Severe Severe Very severe Very Severe Slight Very Severe

Y Y Y

Very Severe Very Severe Severe Very Severe Very Severe Very Severe

Comments 3rd in North Alabama for number of tornadoes

Straight line winds, tree damage, property damage

Small, local area affected

Experience approx. 6 severe thunderstorms per year

4-1

Table 4-1. Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Exercise by Jurisdiction Hazard Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove Floods

Exp.* Y Y Y Y Y

Risk** Severe Very Severe Very Severe Moderate Very Severe

Threat*** Severe Very Severe Very Severe Slight Very Severe

Y

Moderate

Severe

Moderate Minimal Moderate Moderate Minimal Moderate

Moderate Minimal Severe Moderate Minimal Severe

Pine Lake, Shoal Creek, roads, bridges, trees, erosion

Moderate Minimal Moderate Moderate Moderate Slight Moderate Moderate

Severe Slight Very Severe Moderate Severe Moderate Moderate Severe

Ice storms cause the most damage

Slight Slight Slight

Moderate Severe Slight

Mainly wind, tornadoes, flooding

Slight

Moderate

Slight Slight

Slight Moderate

Moderate Moderate Moderate Minimal Slight Slight Moderate Slight

Moderate Severe Severe Minimal Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Slight Minimal Moderate

Moderate

Y

Slight

Moderate

Grant Y Guntersville N Union Grove Y Dam/levee failures

Slight

Moderate Minimal Moderate

Marshall Co.

Albertville N Arab Y Boaz Y Douglas Y Grant Y Guntersville Y Union Grove Y Winter storms/freezes Marshall Co. Y Albertville Y Arab Y Boaz Y Douglas Y Grant Y Guntersville Y Union Grove Y Hurricanes Marshall Co. Y Albertville Y Arab Y Boaz N Douglas Y Grant N Guntersville Y Union Grove Y Droughts/heat waves Marshall Co. Y Albertville Y Arab Y Boaz Y Douglas Y Grant Y Guntersville Y Union Grove Y Wildfires Marshall Co. Y Albertville Y Arab Y Boaz N Douglas

Slight

Comments

Flash fl., ongoing problem along Madison County-Marshall Co. line, Paint Rock River, during heavy periods of rain.

Severe winter storms

Vol. Fire Depts: Primary deterrent for wildfires

Short durations (2-3 days)

Moderate

4-2

Table 4-1. Hazard Identification/Risk Assessment Exercise by Jurisdiction Hazard Marshall Co. Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove Landslides Marshall Co. Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove Earthquakes Marshall Co. Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove Sinkholes Marshall Co.

Exp.* Y N Y N Y N Y Y

Risk** Minimal

Threat*** Very Severe

Minimal

Moderate

Minimal

Very Severe

Minimal Minimal

Minimal Very Severe

Y N Y N Y N Y Y

Slight

Moderate

Slight

Moderate

Slight

Moderate

Minimal Slight

Minimal Moderate

Y Y Y N Y N Y Y

Slight Minimal Minimal

Moderate Minimal Minimal

Slight Minimal Slight Slight

Moderate Slight Minimal Moderate

Y

Slight

Moderate

Comments Guntersville and Nickajack Dam, one levee in Guntersville

Highest potential for sinkhole development in northern part of the County

Albertville Y Minimal Minimal Arab Y Slight Moderate Boaz N Douglas Y Slight Moderate Grant Y Slight Slight Guntersville N Minimal Minimal Union Grove Y Slight Moderate Tsunamis N/A N/A N/A This hazard does not occur in this portion of the U. S. Volcanoes N/A N/A N/A This hazard does not occur in this portion of the U. S. *Exp – exposure. **Risk is the probability of the hazard event occurring within the County. ***Threat is the impact of the hazard on property damage, injury and loss of life should the event occur.

4.3

Significant Hazard Events

In Committee Exercise #3 - Hazard Profiles, the Committee profiled past hazards. All jurisdictions responded to the exercise. Numerous sources have been utilized to profile significant hazards, including: the Storm Events Database of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); FEMA Region IV –Presidential Declarations; the National Weather Service; the Marshall County EMA; the Alabama Geologic Survey and the HMPC Members. Members of the print media attended meetings and provided additional information on past events. Mrs. Judith Gillespie of Guntersville and Mrs. Billie Clark of Arab both provided countless hours of 4-3

their time gathering newspaper articles on natural hazard events for this Plan. The Storm Events Database may be queried at the following link: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgiwin/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms. Marshall County has been included in a total of 15 federal disaster declarations from 1973 through 2003. These declarations are listed in the following report from FEMA, Region IV. All of these events did not necessarily occur within the boundaries of Marshall County. When major damage from a natural disaster occurs, FEMA, as a matter of practice, includes a "buffer" area of adjoining counties in the event it later determines the damage was more widespread. Specific instances of this practice are discussed as they are encountered in the following hazard profiles. Table 4-2. Summary of Federally-Declared Disasters 1973-2003, Marshall County Disaster No.

Disaster Type

Date

Declaration Type*

369

Tornado

04/05/1973 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG

532

Flood

04/21/1977 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG

388 3045 578 856 890

3096 1013 1019 1047 1104 1399 1442 1466

Flood

Drought Flood

Thunderstorm Flood Snow

Thunderstorm Thunderstorm Thunderstorm Thunderstorm Thunderstorm Thunderstorm Thunderstorm

07/03/1973 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 08/16/1977 PA-AB

04/18/1979 IA,DH,DUA,IFG

02/25/1990 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 01/09/1991 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 03/15/1993 PA-AB

03/03/1994 PA-ABCDEFG

03/30/1994 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 04/21/1995 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 04/22/1997 IA,PA-ABCDEFG,DH,DUA,IFG 12/07/2001 IA,CC,DH,DUA,IFG 11/14/2002 IHP,CC,DUA 05/12/2003 IA,DH

* Declaration Type Key IA – Individual assistance A – Debris removal PA – Public assistance B – Protective measures DH – Disaster housing C – Roads and bridges CC – Crisis counseling D – Water control facilities DFA – Direct federal assistance E – Public buildings DUA – Disaster unemployment assistance F – Public utilities HM – Hazard mitigation G – Recreational IFG – Individual and family grant SA – Stafford Act SBA – Small Business Administration 403C – Department of Defense

4-4

4.4

Severe Thunderstorms Hazard Description. A severe thunderstorm is a storm containing damaging winds of at least 58 miles per hour or hail that measures a minimum of three-fourths of an inch in diameter. All severe thunderstorms contain intense lightning and straight-line or downburst winds that can be extremely strong and concentrated. Falling rain and sinking air create these winds that can reach speeds as high as 125 mph. Hazard Profile. The Storm Events Database contains 125 reports of damage from thunderstorms, 70 from hail and 14 from lightning in Marshall County since 1960. These storms have caused a total of $2.6 million in damages. A listing of these events is presented in Tables 4-3, 4-4 and 4-5. Additional listings not found in the database are shown in Tables 4-6, 4-7, and 4-8.

Table 4-3. Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag

Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

1 Marshall

06/09/1960

3:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

2 Marshall

03/18/1961

11:00 pm Tstm Wind

53 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

3 Marshall

04/17/1964

09:00 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

4 Marshall

04/12/1965

02:30 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

5 Marshall

05/07/1967

01:30 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

6 Marshall

07/08/1969

4:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

7 Marshall

05/27/1973

2:40 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

8 Marshall

01/28/1974

08:15 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

9 Marshall

03/07/1975

1:40 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

10 Marshall

06/14/1975

3:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

11 Marshall

06/20/1975

9:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

12 Marshall

04/04/1977

11:50 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

13 Marshall

04/08/1979

11:55 pm Tstm Wind

75 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

14 Marshall

05/31/1981

12:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

15 Marshall

07/24/1981

5:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

16 Marshall

05/31/1982

5:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

17 Marshall

11/20/1983

01:40 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

18 Marshall

11/23/1983

2:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

19 Marshall

03/27/1984

8:13 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

20 Marshall

07/22/1984

5:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

21 Marshall

04/05/1985

4:35 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

4-5

Table 4-3. Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag

Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

22 Marshall

04/05/1985

5:10 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

23 Marshall

06/07/1985

4:45 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

24 Marshall

06/07/1985

4:45 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

25 Marshall

06/25/1985

3:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

26 Marshall

07/10/1985

8:50 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

27 Marshall

07/10/1985

9:10 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

28 Marshall

07/15/1985 5:55 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

29 Marshall

07/15/1985 6:11 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

30 Marshall

08/01/1985 4:35 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

31 Marshall

12/01/1985

9:15 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

32 Marshall

02/17/1986 9:03 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

33 Marshall

02/17/1986 9:55 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

34 Marshall

03/13/1986

1:20 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

35 Marshall

07/28/1986 8:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

36 Marshall

07/06/1987 5:10 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

37 Marshall

01/19/1988 6:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

38 Marshall

07/16/1988 12:50 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

39 Marshall

09/24/1988 6:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

40 Marshall

06/12/1989 6:10 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

41 Marshall

06/12/1989 6:10 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

42 Marshall

11/15/1989 5:30 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

43 Marshall

08/04/1990 5:35 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

44 Marshall

08/18/1990 5:40 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

45 Marshall

08/29/1990 10:22 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

46 Marshall

04/08/1991 12:35 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

47 Marshall

04/27/1991 2:45 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

48 Marshall

06/04/1991 4:28 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

49 Marshall

03/10/1992

1:57 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

50 Marshall

03/10/1992

2:40 am Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

51 Marshall

06/18/1992 4:15 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

52 Marshall

07/05/1992 1:00 pm Tstm Wind

65 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

53 Marshall

04/15/1993

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

6:15 am Tstm Wind

4-6

Table 4-3. Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag

Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

54 Arab; Martling & Popl

04/15/1994

9:15 am Tstm Winds/hail

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

55 Marshall

05/15/1994 7:20 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

56 Guntersville

06/16/1994 6:00 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0 $500K

0K

57 Grant

06/26/1994 10:18 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$50K

0K

58 Grant And Union Grove

06/29/1994

5:49 am Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

59 Grant

03/07/1995 6:05 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

60 Swearengin

03/07/1995 6:32 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

61 Albertville

06/06/1995 8:02 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$25K

0K

62 Guntersville

06/10/1995 1:00 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$10K

0K

63 Guntersville Union Gr

07/04/1995 4:15 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$8K

0K

64 Warrenton

08/20/1995 1:55 pm Tstm Wind

N/A

0

0

$3K

0K

65 ALZ001>018 020 - 022

01/18/1996 6:00 pm High Wind

40 kts.

0

0

$400K

0K

66 Arab

04/14/1996 9:00 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$75K

$10K

67 Arab

04/20/1996 9:10 pm Tstm Wind

56 kts.

0

0

$130K

$2K

68 Arab

04/29/1996 3:05 pm Tstm Wind/hail 50 kts.

0

0

$35K

$4K

69 Boaz

07/07/1996 4:45 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$10K

0K

70 Arab

08/24/1996 2:10 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$15K

$3K

71 Guntersville

08/24/1996 2:15 pm Tstm Wind/hail 75 kts.

0

0

$15K

$3K

72 Boaz

09/16/1996 4:30 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$8K

$1K

73 Grant

09/16/1996

9:00 am Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$35K

$5K

74 Douglas

01/24/1997 4:40 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$7K

$1K

75 Douglas

01/24/1997 1:00 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$8K

$1K

76 Arab

03/05/1997 2:35 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$20K

0K

77 Albertville

03/05/1997 3:00 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$10K

0K

78 Guntersville

03/05/1997 3:00 pm Tstm Wind

0 kts.

0

0

$6K

0K

79 Albertville

05/28/1997

7:15 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$9K

0K

80 Union Grove

07/28/1997 2:45 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$7K

0K

81 Arab

07/28/1997 2:50 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$4K

0K

82 ALZ008

02/16/1998

39 kts.

0

0

$3K

0K

3:30 am High Wind

4-7

Table 4-3. Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag

Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

83 ALZ008 - 017 - 02/22/1998 11:00 am High Wind 024>025 - 032>033 - 035 - 039

44 kts.

0

0

$54K

0K

84 Grant

03/19/1998 10:45 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

85 Guntersville

05/07/1998

5:45 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$10K

$5K

86 Grant

05/26/1998

3:24 am Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$5K

$10K

87 Countywide

06/05/1998

4:40 am Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$45K

$10K

88 Arab

06/15/1998

9:00 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$20K

$5K

89 Albertville

06/25/1998

3:55 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

90 Albertville

06/30/1998

4:30 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

91 Albertville

07/20/1998

2:50 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$10K

0K

92 Guntersville

07/23/1998

6:00 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

93 Boaz

07/24/1998

2:30 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

94 Horton

01/22/1999

7:37 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

95 Boaz

02/27/1999

7:45 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

96 Warrenton

04/19/1999

10:30 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$2K

0K

97 Albertville

06/02/1999

12:25 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$2K

0K

98 Arab

06/05/1999

2:10 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

99 Boaz

06/05/1999

2:20 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$2K

0K

100 Boaz

07/07/1999

5:30 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

101 Boaz

07/24/1999

12:30 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

102 Grant

08/19/1999

6:15 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

103 Boaz

02/13/2000

8:05 pm Tstm Wind

65 kts.

0

0

$45K

0K

104 Countywide

07/20/2000

4:20 pm Tstm Wind

65 kts.

0

0

$70K

0K

105 Guntersville

08/10/2000

5:10 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$3K

0K

106 ALZ006>010 - 11/24/2000 016>019 - 023>025 - 027

3:00 pm High Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$26K

0K

107 Countywide

02/16/2001

3:40 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

108 Grant

06/21/2001

7:08 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$3K

0K

109 Guntersville

07/03/2001

3:00 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$2K

0K

110 Countywide

07/05/2001

12:15 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$4K

0K

111 Union Grove

05/13/2002

10:57 am Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$5K

0K

112 Boaz

07/02/2002

3:19 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$3K

0K

4-8

Table 4-3. Thunderstorm Events Since 1960, Marshall County Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag

Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

113 Union Grove

08/02/2002

9:35 pm Tstm Wind

55 kts.

0

0

$10K

0K

114 Boaz

08/20/2002

2:30 pm Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

$70K

0K

115 Arab

11/10/2002

9:45 pm Tstm Wind

65 kts.

0

0

$125K

0K

116 Union Grove

02/22/2003

2:10 am Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

117 Claysville

03/19/2003

9:55 am Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

118 Boaz

05/02/2003

4:45 pm Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

119 Albertville

05/05/2003

1:10 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

120 Albertville

05/05/2003

1:20 pm Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

121 Albertville

05/05/2003

5:00 am Tstm Wind

60 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

122 Albertville

05/05/2003

5:10 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

123 Guntersville

05/05/2003 12:46 pm Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

$2K

0K

124 Guntersville

06/11/2003 11:18 am Tstm Wind

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

125 Arab

07/21/2003

50 kts.

0

0

0K

0K

TOTALS:

0

0 $1.976M $60K

3:27 pm Tstm Wind

Table 4-4. Hail Events Since 1967, Marshall County Location 1 Marshall

Date Time 5/12/1967 9:50 am

Type Hail

Mag Dth Inj PrD CrD 0.75 in. 0 0 0K 0K

2 Marshall

4/14/1968 5:30 pm

Hail

2.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

3 Marshall

1/28/1974 8:15 am

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

4 Marshall

3/7/1975 1:40 pm

Hail

2.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

5 Marshall

5/8/1975 9:48 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

6 Marshall

2/22/1983 3:00 pm

Hail

2.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

7 Marshall

5/2/1984 2:10 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

8 Marshall

7/31/1986 1:32 pm

Hail

2.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

9 Marshall

3/5/1989 2:23 pm

Hail

2.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

10 Marshall

4/4/1989 4:20 am

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

11 Marshall

4/4/1989 10:00 am

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

12 Marshall

4/4/1989 10:35 am

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

13 Marshall

5/3/1990 6:20 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

14 Marshall

3/6/1992 3:22 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

15 Marshall

3/6/1992 3:22 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0K

0K

4-9

0

Location

Table 4-4. Hail Events Since 1967, Marshall County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD

CrD

16 Marshall

10/10/1992 2:42 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

17 Marshall

10/10/1992 2:42 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

18 Grant

6/26/1994 10:26 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

19 Black Island

6/26/1994 10:48 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

20 Beulah

1/28/1995 3:55 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

21 Arab

3/15/1996 1:42 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0 $12K

0K

22 Arab

4/29/1996 3:05 pm

Tstm Wind/hail

50 kts.

0

0 $35K

$4K

23 Guntersville

8/24/1996 2:15 pm

Tstm Wind/hail

75 kts.

0

0 $15K

$3K

24 Arab

1/24/1997 4:20 pm

Hail

1.50 in.

0

0 $8K

$2K

25 Albertville

1/24/1997 4:49 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0 $7K

0K

26 Guntersville

1/24/1997 5:00 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0 $10K

$3K

27 Douglas

4/28/1997 3:45 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0 $5K

0K

28 Albertville

4/28/1997 5:28 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0 $3K

0K

5/2/1997 6:48 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0 $15K

$5K

3/19/1998 10:58 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

31 Union Grove

4/3/1998 5:18 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

32 Albertville

4/3/1998 5:55 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

33 Arab

4/8/1998 6:37 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

34 Arab

4/8/1998 6:45 pm

Hail

2.75 in.

0

0 $50K

$20K

35 Arab

4/8/1998 6:52 pm

Hail

2.75 in.

0

0 $55K

$18K

36 Guntersville

4/8/1998 6:59 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0 $10K

$5K

37 Albertville

4/8/1998 7:11 pm

Hail

0.88 in.

0

0

0K

0K

38 Albertville

4/8/1998 7:14 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0 $20K

$10K

39 Horton

4/16/1998 9:40 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

40 Boaz

2/27/1999 7:45 pm

Hail

0.88 in.

0

0

0K

0K

41 Highpoint

4/19/1999 10:30 am

Hail

0.88 in.

0

0

0K

0K

42 Grant

5/5/1999 9:40 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0 $3K

0K

43 Arab

2/13/2000 7:45 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0 $2K

0K

44 Guntersville

4/27/2000 7:10 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0 $2K

0K

45 Arab

7/26/2000 2:57 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

46 Arab

5/28/2001 4:35 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

29 Guntersville 30 Arab

4-10

Location 47 Arab

Table 4-4. Hail Events Since 1967, Marshall County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj PrD

CrD

6/26/2001 2:25 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0 $2K

0K

11/24/2001 3:45 am

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

49 Horton

5/3/2002 11:40 am

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

50 Highpoint

7/2/2002 3:19 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

51 Guntersville

8/20/2002 2:13 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

52 Arab

8/26/2002 3:35 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

53 Grant

2/22/2003 4:05 am

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

54 Albertville

3/19/2003 12:15 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

55 Albertville

3/19/2003 12:27 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

56 Albertville

3/19/2003 12:38 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

57 Guntersville

4/25/2003 4:05 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

58 Albertville

4/25/2003 4:15 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

59 Albertville

5/2/2003 1:30 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

60 Arab

5/2/2003 1:30 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

61 Arab

5/2/2003 1:55 pm

Hail

1.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

62 Guntersville

5/2/2003 2:05 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

63 Horton

5/2/2003 2:15 pm

Hail

0.88 in.

0

0

0K

0K

64 Arab

5/2/2003 3:40 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

65 Albertville

5/2/2003 4:22 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

66 Boaz

5/2/2003 4:23 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

67 Albertville

5/2/2003 4:30 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

68 Boaz

5/2/2003 4:30 pm

Hail

1.00 in.

0

0

0K

0K

69 Guntersville

5/5/2003 12:46 pm

Hail

0.88 in.

0

0

0K

0K

70 Albertville

5/5/2003 12:50 pm

Hail

0.75 in.

0

0

0K

0K

TOTALS:

0

0 $254K $70K

48 Albertville

Table 4-5. Lightning Events Since 1994 Location 1 Boaz

Date 03/24/1994

Time 4:37 pm

Type Lightning

Mag N/A

2 Guntersville

04/15/1994

9:30 am

Lightning

3 Albertville

06/22/1994 12:30 pm

Lightning

4-11

Dth

Inj 0 0

PrD CrD $5K 0K

N/A

0

0

$50K

0K

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

Location

Table 4-5. Lightning Events Since 1994 Date Time Type Mag

Dth

Inj

PrD

CrD

4 Brindlee Mountain 02/15/1995

4:30 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

1

$5K

0K

5 Boaz

07/15/1995

1:21 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$25K

0K

6 Boaz

07/15/1995

1:49 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$8K

0K

7 Boaz

08/06/1995

5:10 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$25K

0K

8 Arab

04/29/1996

2:00 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$15K

0K

9 Boaz

08/08/1996 10:00 am

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$15K

0K

10 Horton

06/14/1997

1:00 am

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$7K

0K

11 Arab

07/07/1998

5:30 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$30K

0K

12 Guntersville

02/09/1999

7:30 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$12K

0K

13 Guntersville

07/24/1999

2:40 pm

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$5K

0K

14 Grant

06/25/2002 10:00 am

Lightning

N/A

0

0

$25K

0K

TOTALS:

0

1 $232K

0K

Date 6/7/62 3/10/63 4/7/70 1/5-6/70 5/18/73 5/80 1/18/83 6/24/87 12/14/87 6/14/89 8/24/89 5/20/90 6/23/91 6/20/93 8/18/93

Table 4-6. Thunderstorm/Windstorm Events, Local Press Reportings Source Comment Windstorm in Ruth Community, blew off roofs, downed Arab Tribune trees, cut off power. Arab Tribune Wide spread damage through Marshall County. The AdvertiserBuildings damaged, trees down, blackout Gleam The AdvertiserSwearengin hit by storm, roofing blown off, trees toppled, Gleam chickens drown High winds and possible tornado did heavy damage to Arab Tribune homes and trailers in Brindlee Mountain area. The AdvertiserMajor windstorm, property damage, trees toppled, traffic Gleam lights out Arab Tribune 60 mph winds cause damage in Marshall County. Storm with high winds, rain and possible tornado leaves Arab Tribune 1,800-2,000 without power across Marshall County. Arab Tribune High winds cause minor damage in Arab area. Arab Tribune Wind left 4,000 customers without power Arab Tribune High winds cause 500 customers to be without power. 5,000 customers without power due to wind, lightning and Arab Tribune rain. High winds blew out church wall, culverts and roads Arab Tribune washed out, power off. Arab Tribune High winds downed trees in Brindlee Mountain area. Arab Tribune High winds blow steeple off of church.

4-12

Table 4-6. Thunderstorm/Windstorm Events, Local Press Reportings Date Source Comment 7/26/95 Arab Tribune High winds down trees, damage roofs in Marshall County.

Table 4-7. Hail Events, Local Press Reportings Date Source Comment 5/4/84 The Advertiser-Gleam Large hail damaged crops, gardens, roofs

Table 4-8. Lightning Events, Local Press Reportings Date Source Comment 5/15/68 The AdvertiserLightning hit a school and knocked a child unconscious. Gleam 2/6/69 The AdvertiserLightning struck two houses and a garage Gleam 7/19/71 The AdvertiserLightning sets fire to office and barn Gleam 8/79 The AdvertiserLightning killed 10 cows and 3 calves Gleam 5/5/84 The AdvertiserLightning sets fire to 3 houses and 2 barns Gleam 6/84 The AdvertiserLightning killed 23 cows Gleam 6/89 The AdvertiserLightning caused fire in a house Gleam 2/13/99 The AdvertiserLightning melted 5 underground gas lines. Gleam 2/5/04 The AdvertiserLightning caused 2 house fires and caused a natural gas Gleam leak. Community Impacts. Since 1960 Marshall County has experienced over 200 severe storms. Large hail, though very rare, can cause injury or loss of life. Normally it only causes damage to automobiles, trees and crops. Both lightning and high winds frequently cause loss of life and considerable property damage. The power of lightning’s electrical charge and intense heat can electrocute on contact, split trees, ignite fires, and cause electrical failures. Location and Extents. The entire County is equally susceptible to damage from severe thunderstorms. Probability of Future Occurrences. The probability of a severe thunderstorm occurring depends on certain atmospheric and climatic conditions. Based on the

4-13

number of damage-causing severe storms since 1960 contained in the Storm Events Database, Marshall County can expect approximately five instances of lightning-, straight-line wind, or hail-induced damage per year. Average annual damages from severe storm events are estimated at $12,400. Although we can extract data and probability of occurrence from historical information, the risk of a severe storm occurring and the location of damage appear to be a random event. 4.5

Tornadoes Hazard Description. A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud. It is spawned by a thunderstorm or hurricane and produced when cool air overrides a layer of warm air, forcing the warm air to rise rapidly. Tornado season is generally March through August, although tornadoes can occur at any time of year. They tend to occur in the afternoons and evenings: over 80 percent of all tornadoes strike between noon and midnight. Hazard Profile. Table 4-9 lists the tornado events for Marshall County contained in the Storm Events Database. Table 4-10 lists tornado events reported in the print media that was not included in the Storm Events Database and Table 4-11 is a listing of other tornadoes compiled by the National Weather Service since 1884.. The earliest damage-causing event on record in the Storm Events Database occurred in 1957; the most recent in 2002. Tornado magnitudes are measured on the Fujita Scale, shown in Table 4-12. According to table 4-9, a total of 32 tornado events have caused 7 deaths, 220 injuries and approximately $19.9 million in property damage in the County since 1963. According to NCDC data, the worst tornado to strike the County was an F3 in February 1995 that caused 6 deaths, 20 injuries, blew over at least 20 buildings and caused damage or destruction to 15 farms. Table 4-9. Tornadoes Since 1957, Marshall County

Location 1 Falkville-Arab

Date Time Type 04/08/1957 10:15 am Tornado

2 Rosa-Snead-Horton

11/18/1957

5:30 pm Tornado

F4

3

12

$250K

0K

3 Albertville

04/06/1958 12:03 am Tornado

F3

0

1

$250K

0K

4 Fairview

03/07/1961 11:40 pm Tornado

F3

0

8

$250K

0K

5 Douglas

03/25/1962

5:15 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

6 Arab

04/07/1964 10:00 am Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

7 Albertville

04/04/1968

1:00 pm Tornado

F2

0

0

$250K

0K

8 Arab

06/27/1972

8:45 am Tornado

F2

0

2

$25K

0K

9 Albertville

01/26/1973

3:45 pm Tornado

F2

0

0

$25K

0K

10 Guntersville

05/08/1973

4:10 am Tornado

F2

2

12

$2.5M

0K

4-14

Mag Dth Inj F3 2 125

PrD

CrD 0K 0K

Location

Table 4-9. Tornadoes Since 1957, Marshall County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

11 Hulaco-Arab-Eddy

05/27/1973

1:30 pm Tornado

F2

0

6

$250K

0K

12 Mt. Hebron

05/02/1974

1:30 pm Tornado

F2

0

0

$25K

0K

13 ClevelandAlbertville

10/15/1974

4:05 pm Tornado

F1

0

1

$3K

0K

14 Boaz

05/08/1975

9:48 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

15 Guntersville Lake

05/06/1976

5:50 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

16 Claysville

07/31/1976 12:00 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$250K

0K

17 Camp Cha-la-keeMonsanto

05/12/1978 11:35 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

0K

0K

18 Near Guntersville

05/18/1981

6:10 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

19 Arab

01/03/1982 10:45 pm Tornado

F2

0

1

$25K

0K

20 Albertville

02/22/1983

3:28 pm Tornado

F2

0

0

$2.5M

0K

21 Guntersville

05/19/1983

2:35 pm Tornado

F1

0

2

$25K

0K

22 Near Arab

07/05/1984

1:30 am Tornado

F1

0

0

$25K

0K

23 Marshall

04/05/1985

4:45 pm Tornado

F3

0

5

$2.5M

0K

24 Guntersville

03/12/1986

8:22 pm Tornado

F2

0

5

$2.5M

0K

25 Boaz

02/23/1994

3:40 am Tornado

F0

0

0

$500K

0K

26 Guntersville

03/27/1994 11:02 am Tornado

F2

0

30

$5.0M

0K

27 Martling

02/16/1995

5:28 am Tornado

F2

0

3

$500K

$1K

28 Grant

09/28/1996 12:50 pm Tornado

F2

0

0

$300K $50K

29 Union Grove

11/24/2001

1:41 pm Tornado

F2

0

7

$400K

0K

30 Union Grove

03/29/2002

8:56 pm Funnel Cl.

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

31 Red Hill

03/29/2002 11:20 pm Tornado

F1

0

0

$1.4M

0K

32 Union Grove

11/10/2002

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

8:46 pm Funnel Cl.

TOTALS:

7 220

$19.878M $51K

Source: NOAA; http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms and national weather service

Table 4-10. Tornado Events, Local Press Reportings Date Source Comment 5/22/69 The Advertiser-Gleam Small tornado caused structural damage Tornado hits Brashiers Chapel Community destroying 1/28/74 Arab Tribune chicken house with 18,700 chickens.

4-15

Date 4/12/79 7/85 8/15/85 4/5/86 6/12/89 11/22/92 4/21/96 3/5/97 5/26/98

Table 4-10. Tornado Events, Local Press Reportings Source Comment Tornado damaged 7 Gunters Mountain buildings, power The Advertiser-Gleam outage Small tornado ripped up trees, power lines and damaged The Advertiser-Gleam boat houses in Signal Point. Arab Tribune Tornadoes across Marshall County cause much damage. The Advertiser-Gleam Tornado hits causing property damage Small tornado tore up a barn, ripped roof off mobile The Advertiser-Gleam home, downed trees, power outage Arab Tribune Small tornado hits Union Grove Tornado destroyed chicken house and killed 18,000 Arab Tribune chickens. Tornado hits downtown Arab, roofs ripped from Arab Tribune businesses, barn toppled.` Tornado tore off roofs, damaged homes, blew down The Advertiser-Gleam trees, hail

Location FriendshipGuntersville Warrior RiverAlbertville Guntersville Dora-BergensWarriorAlbertvilleSylvania

Table 4-11. Tornado Events, National Weather Service Date Time Mag Dths Inj Description 15 Farms had building damage or were destroyed. 30 buildings were 3/11/1884 10:00 pm F2 2 20 blown down One person was killed in Marshall and near Collinsville a child was 1/11/1885 7:00 pm F2 3 20 killed and 13 injured. 5 small homes destroyed and 7 homes were damaged in Wyeth 6/9/1896 11:00 am F2 0 15 City community

4/24/1908

2:40 pm

F4

35

10/14/1909 5:00 pm

F2

7

5/28/1917

F3

6

WoodvilleScottsboro

Near New Hope 1:00 am

4-16

May have been a family of tornadoes. 15 people killed and 188 150 injured in Albertville Several people in Marshall Co. died and in other small communities along the path of the tornado. Some communities hit 50 are now under Lake Guntersville At least 20 homes were demolished and deaths occurred in 35 at least 4 separate homes

Location

Cullman-Arab

Woodville SE Douglas

Piney-Grove

JoppaGuntersville

Table 4-11. Tornado Events, National Weather Service Date Time Mag Dths Inj Description In a box factory south of Berlin many people were injured and several rural homes were 3/21/1932 4:30 pm F4 18 100 destroyed. Several small homes and a mill were destroyed along the Paint 4/11/1939 12:00 pm F2 1 11 Rock River. Upper story of Pine Grove school 3/6/1944 3:00 pm F2 2 40 torn off. 10 homes destroyed Several sm houses and barns destroyed. Twin storm to the 1015 on the same day. Totals of both 4/8/1957 10:45 am F2 --- storms were combined One death in a home and the remaining in Mobile homes. 157 homes and 12 businesses were 2/16/1995 4:59 am F3 6 130 destroyed.

Source: National Weather Service

Table 4-12. Fujita Tornado Damage Scale Scale

Wind Estimate (MPH)

F0

< 73

F1

73-112

Moderate damage. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads.

F2

113-157

Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.

F3

158-206

Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.

F4

207-260

Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated.

F5

261-318

Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.

Typical Damage Light damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallowrooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged.

Source: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html

4-17

The graphs that follow describe the characteristics of tornadoes within a 20mile radius of the center of Marshall County. (Source: VorTek, LLC. SATT 3.0 Site Assessment of Tornado Threat software)

Chart 4-1. Annual Distribution by Month

Chart 4-2. Annual Distribution by Intensity Community Impacts. The damage from a tornado is the result of high wind velocity and wind-blown debris. Tornado winds can approach speeds as high as 300 miles per hour, travel distances over 100 miles and reach heights over 60,000 feet above

4-18

ground. The potential damage resulting from a tornado is directly correlated to the strength of the particular tornado and is quantified utilizing the Fujita Tornado Scale, shown in Table 4-12. Probability of Future Occurrences. Map 4-1 depicts the relative probability of tornado occurrences, based on historical data since 1950. Marshall County has a relatively high probability of risk. The likelihood of tornadoes occurring is dependent upon the potential for hurricanes and the number of thunderstorms Marshall County experiences per year. Based on the information available from the Storm Events Database, it appears the County can expect a damage-causing tornado once every two years. An injury-causing tornado has occurred, on average, once every three years. Average annual damages are estimated at $442,222 per year. Although one can extract data and probability of occurrence from historical information, the risk of a tornado occurring and the location of damage appear to be a random event.

Source: VorTek, LLC, generated by SATT 3.0 tornado threat assessment software

Map 4-1. Tornado Threat Probabilities 4-19

Location and Extents. Paths of tornadoes within Marshall County since 1884 are shown on Map 4-2. Although Map 4-2 shows most of the tornadoes impacting the Arab and Albertville areas, the National Weather Service meteorologists state that the entire County is equally susceptible to damage from tornadoes. Therefore, all Marshall County residents are at risk of tornadoes.

4-20

Map 4-2. Marshall County Tornado Tracts Since 1884

4-21

April 1985 Tornado

4-22

March 2002 Tornado

4-23

4.6

Winter Storms/Freezes Hazard Description. Winter storms and blizzards originate as mid-latitude depressions or cyclonic weather systems, sometimes following the meandering path of the jet stream. A blizzard combines heavy snowfall, high winds, extreme cold, and ice storms. The origins of the weather patterns that cause severe winter storms are primarily from four sources in the continental United States. Winter storms in the southeast region of the United States are usually a result of Canadian and Arctic cold fronts from the north and mid-western states combining with tropical cyclonic weather systems in the Gulf of Mexico. Hazard Profile. Marshall County experiences winter storms and extreme cold periods. On average the County receives 1.2 inches of snow annually. The largest snow fall event recorded for the County was on January 7, 1988 at 9.1 inches. Table 4-13 lists thirteen such events dating from 1993 according to the Storm Events Database. The database recorded that there has been $5.4 billion in damages Statewide since 1993. The snowstorm of March 1993 was the worst on record. The Storm Events Database contained the following report about this event: What most called the worst winter storm in Alabama history struck Friday afternoon and lasted until mid-day Saturday. Snow began falling over north Alabama Friday afternoon, then spread southward overnight, reaching all the way to the Gulf Coast. The storm was caused by a strong and massive low pressure system that moved from the western Gulf of Mexico into the Florida panhandle, and up the Eastern Seaboard. The heaviest snow began after midnight when northerly winds of 40 to 55 mph became common. Frequent lightning discharges occurred for several hours giving an eerie blue-tinged glow to the atmosphere. By mid-day Saturday snow had accumulated to 6 to 12 inches over North Alabama and 2 to 4 inches at the Gulf Coast. A 40-mile-wide band of 12 to 20 inches fell from the Birmingham area northeastward to DeKalb and Cherokee counties, generally following the Appalachian Mountains. High winds combined with the heavy wet snow, felled numerous trees and knocked down power lines over a wide area. Numerous roads became impassable, and hundreds of thousands of homes were without power. It was estimated that 400,000 homes were without electricity, and many remained so for several days. Compounding the snow and power problems, temperatures fell well into the single digits and teens across much of the state Saturday night. For example, the temperature at the Birmingham Airport fell to 2 degrees, the coldest March temperature ever recorded. Only 4-wheel drive vehicles could barely maneuver roads, and some roads in north Alabama remained impassable until the following Tuesday. The snow and high winds knocked many radio and television stations off the air, and severely hampered emergency personnel responding to fires, stranded motorists, and those in dire need of medical attention. As if the snow, high winds, and extreme cold were not enough, many large trees fell onto homes and businesses. Numerous awnings, and roofs collapsed under the weight of the heavy snow. There were at least 14 deaths associated with the exposure or stress due from the storm. One person froze to death in their home. Six people died because of abandoned or disabled vehicles. Seven more people died outside due to exposure. One of the seven died while waiting in a bus shelter for a bus. Most of the damage estimates were at least $50 million. Some estimates ranged between $80 and $100 million.

4-24

Location

Table 4-13. Winter Storm Events, State of Alabama Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj

1 ALZ001>018

03/12/1993 2200 Winter Stm

PrD CrD

N/A

4

0

5.0B

0K

2 ALZ001>011 - 014 - 016>018 02/06/1995 2100 Snow/ice - 020

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

3 North Alabama

02/11/1995 1300 Snow/ice

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

4 ALZ001>038

01/06/1996 2000 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

380K 38K

5 ALZ001>027 - 030>032 - 034 02/01/1996 1500 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

595K

0K

6 ALZ003>015

02/16/1996 0200 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

195K

0K

7 ALZ001>010

01/10/1997 1000 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

64K

0K

8 ALZ001>010 - 016 - 018>021 12/29/1997 0100 Winter Stm - 028>029 - 037>038 - 047

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

9 ALZ006>010 - 018>021

02/04/1998 0130 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

27K

0K

10 ALZ001>008 - 011>017

12/23/1998 0200 Ice Storm

N/A

1

0

14.4M

0K

11 ALZ001>010 - 016>018 020 - 026

01/06/1999 1200 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

12 ALZ006 - 008 - 018>019 028

01/28/2000 0400 Winter Stm

N/A

0

0

75K

0K

13 ALZ006>010 - 016>018 024>027

03/20/2001 1200 Heavy Snow N/A

0

0

0K

0K

5

0 $5.016B $38K

TOTALS: Source: NOAA; http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Table 4-14 shows the winter storm events not recorded by the Storm Events Database that were considered newsworthy. Table 4-15 lists information about past extreme cold events in Marshall County.

Table 4-14. Winter Storm Events, Local Press Reportings Date

Source

3/1/60 Arab Tribune 3/17/60 2/2/61 1/9/62 12/22/63 12/31/63 11/2/66 1/11/68

Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune

Comment Called out National Guard, Civil Defense, Highway Patrol, Electric and telephone crews from across Southeast. Parts of Alabama without power for 3 weeks. 5 inches of snow 700 without power in Arab area due to ice storm. More than 5inches of snow fell in parts of Marshall County. Snow turns to ice, closes roads, power out 10.5 inches of snow, some drifts 18-20 inches 3 inches of snow 5 inches of snow, schools closed

4-25

Table 4-14. Winter Storm Events, Local Press Reportings Date 2/15/68 2/28/68 2/20/69 1/6/70 1/14/70 1/20/70 1/3/77 1/9/78 2/18/79 1/14/82 1/13/83 1/19/85

Source Arab Tribune The Advertiser-Gleam Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune

Arab Tribune 2/12/85 1/21/87 Arab Tribune 4/3/87 Arab Tribune Arab Tribune 1/6/88 2/23/89 2/2/96 1/6/01 12/18/62 1/12/63 2/2/70

Arab Tribune The Advertiser-Gleam The Advertiser-Gleam Arab Tribune Arab Tribune Arab Tribune

1/10/77 Arab Tribune 1/2/84 Arab Tribune 1/19/85 Arab Tribune 1/27/86 Arab Tribune 1/15/94 Arab Tribune

Comment Major power outages in Marshall County 2-5 inches of snow, schools closed, power outages Ice covers Brindlee Mountain topped by snow, power outages. 3 inches of snow on Brindlee Mountain Ice, snow and fog cause travel problems on Brindlee Mountain for several days. Ice and snow closed schools and some roads. Ice and snow closed roads in Arab area. 1.5 inches of snow fell on Brindlee Mountain, schools closed Ice storm paralyzed Arab and Brindlee Moutain. Power outage. 4.5 inches of snow fell on Marshall County, roads closed Ice and snow close roads and schools in Marshall County. 1-3 inches of snow in Brindlee Mountain area. 2-4 inches of snow fell in Brindlee Mountain area, schools and roads closed. 3 inches of snow in Arab, schools closed. 5 inches of snow 10-12 inches of snow fell across Alabama. About 175 chicken houses in five counties collapsed under the weight of ice and snow. 2-3 inches of snow on Brindlee Mountain, schools closed, Hwy 69 closed. Half of County without power, parts of the lake froze, schools out for a week. Snow and ice closed schools. -4° F. Sub-freezing weather, ice then snow, closed Highway 231 6° F at Brindlee Mountain 6° F low and 27° F high for one week causes energy shortage in both gas and electricity. Hard freeze (0° F) caused broken water lines at Water Works storage tanks causing water shortage in some areas. -11° F with 1 to 3 inches of snow in Brindlee Mountain area. 0° F, 2 inches of snow 7° F deep freeze

Community Impacts. Risks associated with winter storms are a direct correlation to the strength of the storm and the region’s ability to handle a storm. The risks include loss of life due to cold, disruption of transportation routes, loss of electricity for extended periods, and impact on agriculture. Location and Extents. The entire County is equally at risk for winter storms and freezes. Probability of Future Occurrences. Marshall County has a high threat of winter storms adversely affecting the area. According to the Storm Events Database, there have been thirteen winter storms in the area since 1993.

4-26

4.7

Floods Hazard Description. Flooding is defined as the accumulation of water within a water body and the overflow of excess water onto adjacent floodplain lands. The floodplain is the land adjoining the channel, river, stream, ocean, lake, or other water body that is susceptible to flooding. Riverine flooding occurs when the water overtops the stream banks and encroaches into the floodplain. Flooding in large rivers usually results from largescale weather systems that generate prolonged rainfall over wide areas. Small rivers and streams are susceptible to flooding from more localized weather systems that cause intense rainfall over small areas. “Flash flood” is a term widely used by flood experts and the general population. However, there is no single definition or method to distinguish flash flooding from riverine and other floods. For the purpose of this plan, we will define flash flooding as flooding that occurs due to localized drainage and is outside the boundaries of the FIRM floodplain. Hazard Profile. The list of Federally-declared disasters, input from the Planning Committee, and the Storm Events Database were utilized to profile the history of flood events in Marshall County. Most flooding occurs along Paint Rock River, Parches Cove, Greenbrier Cove, Pine Lake, Shoal Creek, and in the Hebron Community. The Storm Events Database contains damage-causing flood events from 1997. Since that time, thirteen different flood events have resulted in $490,000 in property and crop damages and four injuries. Flooding and heavy rain both have also been know to cause major road damage. Floodwaters that cover the surface of the road often cause the base of the road to wash away and the surface asphalt to crack or fail. This failure of the roads can lead to utility damages. A summary of flood events as recorded in the Storm Events Database is shown in Table 4-15.

Table 4-15. Flood Events, Marshall County Location 1 Arab

Date 01/05/1997

Time 0105

Type Flash Flood

Mag Dth Inj N/A 0 0

PrD 5K

CrD 2K

2 Guntersville

05/02/1997

2000

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

40K

5K

3 Albertville

06/17/1997

0900

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

12K

0K

4 Countywide

01/07/1998

0930

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

50K

5K

5 Boaz

06/28/1999

0200

Flash Flood

N/A

1

0

8K

0K

6 Countywide

04/03/2000

1200

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

10K

0K

7 Arab

07/05/2001

1230

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

3K

0K

8 Countywide

08/10/2001

0800

Flash Flood

N/A

0

4

100K

0K

9 Countywide

02/22/2003

0645

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

4-27

Location

Table 4-15. Flood Events, Marshall County Date Time Type Mag Dth Inj

PrD

CrD

10 Countywide

02/22/2003

0946

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

11 Countywide

05/06/2003

1000

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

250K

0K

12 Douglas

06/17/2003

1600

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

13 Claysville

06/19/2003

1630

Flash Flood

N/A

0

0

0K

0K

TOTALS: 1

4

478K

12K

* Marshall County was included in the Federal declaration for this event. Source: NOAA; http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Table 4-16 shows flood events that were included in local news print but were not included in the Storm Events Database.

Date 2/9/69 12/31/691/3/70 1/8/70 3/17/73 4/26/73 3/79 3/20/80 9/16/88 2/21/90 12/23/90 2/10/94 2/21/97 2/5/04

Table 4-16. Flooding in Marshall County, Local Press Reportings Source Comment Parches Cove, Paint Rock River Valley and Greenbrier The Advertiser-Gleam Cove flooded The Advertiser7 families evacuated Gleam 4 families in Greenbriar Cove and 3 in Parches Cove The Advertiser-Gleam were marooned by flood Flooding in low-lying areas of County, more than 8 Arab Tribune inches of rain Damaged houses, roads, school flooded. Parches Cove The Advertiser-Gleam knew in advance and took precautions. 4 inches of rain, 1 death, Paint Rock River overflowed The Advertiser-Gleam banks, roads washed out, oil entered building The Advertiser-Gleam Paint Rock River overflowed, courthouse flooded 3.85 inches of rain, washed out roads, caused by Arab Tribune Hurricane Gilbert County schools closed, washed out bridges, lake second The Advertiser-Gleam highest it has been since 1939 12 inches of rain, washed out roads, $300,000 in Arab Tribune damages Arab Tribune 5.25 inches of rain brings flooding to Marshall County. Arab Tribune Roads in Arab closed The Advertiser-Gleam 4 - 5 inches of rain, flooding, trees down, roads closed

Community Impacts. Floods are capable of undermining buildings and bridges, eroding shorelines and riverbanks, tearing out trees, washing out access routes, and causing loss of life and injuries. Floods occur in all 50 states and FEMA estimates that 9 million households and $390 billion in property are at risk from flooding.

4-28

The measurement used to determine the limits of the floodplain was developed with the establishment of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) through the enactment of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 . Under the NFIP it was determined that the base standard was the 100-year or “base flood”. This means that the limits of the floodplain are set by the limits of a rain event that has a 1% annual chance of occurrence. There are established techniques for determining the base flood limits. These techniques have been used to develop Flood Insurance Rate Maps or FIRM. FIRMs depict elevations of the base flood and the 500-year event (0.2% annual chance of occurrence) in areas where a model has been developed. The risks associated with flash flooding are the same as riverine flooding. One clear distinction is the element of surprise. Flash flooding, as the name implies, occurs quickly and without much warning. In riverine flooding, the time and height of the crest can be accurately predicted, and warnings can be issued several hours in advance. Location and Extents. The City of Guntersville has the most risk of flooding from Guntersville Lake. According to detailed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses published in the Flood Insurance Study for Unincorporated Marshall County, dated 9/28/90, flooding risks are highest along Hog Creek, Big Spring Creek, and the Tennessee River. The entire Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) map for Marshall County is shown in Map 4-3. The FIRM for the City of Guntersville is shown on Map 4-4. (Reduced FIRM panels are not available from FEMA for the cities of Arab, Albertville, and Boaz and are not reproduced in this document). The individual FIRM panels and Flood Insurance Studies for the entire County and the cities of Albertville, Arab, Boaz, and Guntersville are available for review at the EMA office. The towns of Grant, Union Grove and Douglas are not included in the NFIP and have no areas of special flood hazards identified within their jurisdictions. Repetitive Flood Insurance Losses. A repetitive loss property is a property that has two or more flood insurance claims with the NFIP. Marshall County has no repetitive loss properties to date.

4-29

May 2003 Flood

4-30

Map 4-3. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Unincorporated Areas, Marshall County

4-31

Map 4-4. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Guntersville, Marshall County, Alabama

4-32

Probability of Future Occurrences. Based on the flood events since 1997 contained in the Storm Events Database, Marshall County may expect about 2 flash or riverine floods per year. Average annual damages are estimated at $70,000. Although we can extract data and probability of occurrence from historical information, they do not necessarily predict future occurrences. HAZUS®MH Analysis. A flood analysis was conducted for Marshall County based on a 10 square mile basin, using the HAZUS®MH software (further explained in Section 4.16). The analysis was conducted at Level 1. The study case scenario presents results from a 100-year flood event, as summarized in the Quick Assessment Report which follows. Map 4-5 represents the various exposures to flooding throughout the County based on the data from a Level 1 HAZUS analysis and the elevation of the County. The City of Guntersville is largely a peninsula that juts into Lake Guntersville. Properties along the coast of the Guntersville peninsula are more at risk of flooding according to the map. The tributaries of the Tennessee River are also susceptible to flooding conditions and properties that are located near them may be at risk. Most of these areas are located in unincorporated areas of the County.

4-33

4-34

Map 4-5. Marshall County Flood Exposure 4-35

4.8

Wildfires Hazard Description. There are four categories of wildfires that are experienced throughout the United States:    

wild land fires - including brush fires interface or intermix fires firestorms prescribed fires and prescribed natural fires

The two primary categories experienced in Marshall County are wild land fires and interface or intermix. Wild land fires are fueled exclusively by natural vegetation. Interface or intermix fires are fueled by both vegetation and the built up environment. Foresters believe the major problem in relation to wildfires is non-permitted burns. These burns tend to rage out of control, leading to damaging fires. Three factors have a direct impact on wildfire formation: topography, fuel, and weather. Topography can have a powerful influence on wildfire behavior. Slope, canyons, gulches, and hollows can greatly increase the rate of spread. "The terrain is extremely rough over parts of the County making suppression efforts extremely difficult and time consuming." (AFC, Marshall County) Maps 4-6 and 4-7 depict the areas within the County that are highly susceptible to wildfires. Hazard Profile. Table 4-7 shows the number of fires responded to and suppressed by the Marshall County forester's office and volunteer fire departments from 1995 to 2003. The fires listed are the number that required assistance by the Forestry Commission to control the blaze. The Marshall County fire fighters responded to 600 brush fires between August 1, 2002 and January 31, 2004. This number includes fires that were controlled without the aid of the Forestry Commission. The three year average is 16 fires, with a three year average of 21.68 acres burned per fire. The largest fire from 1999-2001 was 125 acres. This fire was caused by burning debris. There was no significant damage. February, March and April are the months most susceptible to fires. The number of fires have decreased over the last twenty years due to public education and the increase in the number of volunteer fire departments throughout the County. Maps 4-22 and 4-23 show the location of the various fire departments and the coverage by department.

Table 4-17. Wildfires in Marshall County Year 1995 1996 1997 1998

# of Fires 24 18 9 21

Acres Burned 167 88 24 312

4-36

Table 4-17. Wildfires in Marshall County Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

# of Fires 16 17 14 19 6

Acres Burned 148 282 259 524 33

Source: Alabama Forestry Commission, Marshall County Office

Community Impacts. Wildfires can cause considerable damage and loss of life especially in areas where there is an interface between wild land and urban development. Marshall County has multiple fuel sources and is prone to drought and thunderstorms; therefore, wildfires are a significant risk. Furthermore, rural fire departments are almost exclusively made up of volunteers and usually have limited resources that are stretched during periods when numerous fires occur. In order to address the inability to respond to emergencies for long periods of time due to resource limitations, the County has entered into an agreement with twelve other North Alabama Counties to lend a hand at times of emergencies. The agreement forms a group known as "The North Alabama 13 County Emergency Management/ Civil Defense Mitigation Assistance Association." Location and Extents. Primarily rural areas of the County are susceptible to wildfires. Probability of Future Occurrences. Based on historical information, Marshall County can expect an average of sixteen significant wildfires per year that damage or destroy an average of 204 acres. Although one can extract data and probability of occurrence from historical information, the risk of a wild fire occurring and the location of damage appear to be random.

4-37

Map 4-6. Fire Hazard Areas

4-38

Map 4-7. Forest Fire Fuel Model Map

4-39

4.9

Droughts/Heat Waves Hazard Description. Temperatures that hover ten degrees or more above the average high for the region and last for several weeks are defined as extreme heat. Humid or muggy conditions occur when a “dome” of high atmospheric pressure traps hazy, damp air near the ground. The combination of high temperatures and humid conditions increase the level of discomfort and the potential for danger to humans and animals. Droughts occur when a long period passes without any substantial rainfall. A heat wave combined with a drought is a very dangerous situation. Droughts can lead to sinkholes. Hazard Profile. There was no information on droughts in the NOAA database for Marshall County. There were three accounts of droughts/heat waves in the news media. Table 4-18 shows these incidents. The County, along with the State of Alabama, required federal assistance for drought conditions in 1977.

Date 7/24/80 5/14/86 6/22/88 7/99 - 8/99

Table 4-18. Drought/Heat Waves in Marshall County Source Comment Heat wave breaks after eleven days of 100° F + Arab Tribune weather. Power restrictions in place, thousands of broilers died 20 - 31" below normal, water conservation in Arab Tribune effect Arab Tribune 12" below normal, 60-70% corn damage Advertiser 23 straight days of 90° F to 100° F + Gleam temperatures

Community Impacts. The human risks associated with extreme heat include heatstroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, and heat cramps. A description of each of these conditions follows:  Heatstroke is considered a medical emergency and is often fatal. It exists when rectal temperature rises above 105F as a result of environmental temperatures. Patients may be delirious, stuporous, or comatose. The deathto-care ratio in reported cases averages about 15%.  Heat Exhaustion is much less severe than heatstroke. The body temperature may be normal or slightly elevated. A person suffering from heat exhaustion may complain of dizziness, weakness or fatigue. The primary cause of heat exhaustion is fluid and electrolyte imbalance. The normalization of fluids will typically alleviate the situation.  Heat Syncope is typically associated with exercise by people who are not acclimated to exercise. The symptom is a sudden loss of consciousness. Consciousness returns promptly when the person lies down. The cause is primarily associated with circulatory instability as a result of heat. The condition typically causes little or no harm to the individual.

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 Heat Cramps are typically a problem for individuals who exercise outdoors but are unaccustomed to heat. Similar to heat exhaustion it is thought to be a result of a mild imbalance of fluids and electrolytes. In 1979 R. G. Steadman, a meteorologist, developed the heat index, which is a relationship between dry bulb temperatures at different humidities and the skin’s resistance to heat and moisture transfer. Utilizing Steadman’s heat index, the following table was developed to show the risk associated with different temperatures.

Table 4-19. Heat Index/Heat Disorders Danger Category IV Extreme Danger III Danger

II Extreme Caution I Caution

Heat Disorder Heatstroke or sunstroke imminent. Sunstroke, heat cramps, or heat exhaustion likely; heat stroke possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity. Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity. Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.

Apparent Temp. (°F) >130 105-130

90-105 80-90

Source: National Weather Service, 1997

Extreme heat often brings about drought. Risks associated with drought include, effects to the water supply, impact on agriculture, increase in wildfires, negative impact on hydroelectric power and other activities dependent upon water such as recreation and navigation. Location and Extents. Droughts and heat waves have a County-wide impact. Probability of Future Occurrences. Due to a lack of data, average annual occurrences and damage estimates cannot be made. Marshall County falls in an area that may experience humid, short droughts and extreme summer heat. Though historically not a major problem, the region is susceptible to extreme drought conditions. 4.10

Hurricanes Hazard Description. A “tropical cyclone” is a generic term for a cyclonic, low pressure system over tropical or sub-tropical waters. Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds of less than 39 mph are called tropical depressions. A tropical storm is a cyclone with maximum sustained winds greater than 39 mph but less than 74 mph, and a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more is a hurricane.

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Hazard Profile. Though the center of Marshall County is located approximately 300 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, hurricanes and tropical storms have brought high winds and heavy rains to the area as they move north. Table 4-20 lists the one major hurricane that impacted Marshall County and Northeast Alabama since 1995. Damage estimates are for the entire region. The Arab Tribune attributed damaged school property, downed trees and power outages across Marshall County on September 20, 1970 to Hurricane Frederic.

Table 4-20. Hurricanes/Tropical Storms Since 1995, State of Alabama Location

Date

Time

Type

Mag Dths

Injs.

Hurricane ALZ001>050 10/04/1995 12:00 pm Opal/High N/A Winds

2

0

Total:

2

0

Property Crop Damage Damage 0.1B

10.0M

100.000M 10.000M

* Marshall County was included in the Federal declaration for this event. Source: NOAA; http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

Community Impacts. Because of its distance from the Gulf Coast, Marshall County is not severely susceptible to the effects of hurricanes and tropical storms. The primary risks are damaging straight-line winds, formation of tornadoes and flooding. Ten percent of deaths in the United States that are associated with hurricanes are due to tornadoes. Probability of Future Occurrences. Based on limited historical information from the Storm Events Database, a hurricane or tropical storm impacting the County is very rare. Average annual damages for Marshall County are unavailable due to the fact that County-by-County damage estimates are not available. Although one can extract data and probability of occurrence from historical information, the risk of a hurricane and the location of damage is random. HAZUS®MH Analysis. Two separate hurricane scenarios were run for Marshall County using the HAZUS®MH software (further explained in Section 4.16). Each analysis was conducted at Level 1. The first analysis was based on the path of Hurricane Opal that reached wind gusts of up to 61 mph when it arrived along Marshall County in 1995. This analysis estimates the damages that the County would incur today for an identical hurricane. Map 4-8 shows the path that the hurricane took through Alabama.

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0

Map 4-8. Path of Hurricane Opal, 1995

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4.11

Dam/Levee Failures Hazard Description. Dam failures are potentially the worst flood events. A dam failure is usually the result of neglect, poor design, or structural damage caused by a major event such as an earthquake. Hazard Profile. No dam/levee failure events have ever been reported in Marshall County. Community Impacts. When a dam fails, a extremely large quantity of water is suddenly released downstream with destructive forces. Location and Extents. Map 4-9 depicts the locations of dams in Marshall County. According to HAZUS there are five identified dams in Marshall County. Of these five dams, Guntersville Dam has a “high” hazard classification. This classification is assigned to a dam depending upon the urban development directly downstream of the dam and whether or not failure would result in serious economic loss. The classification is not an indication of the quality of the dam’s construction. There are four earthen dams located in Marshall County and one levee. Two of the dams are located on personal property and their failure would not result in significant damage. Failure of the two remaining dams could result in damage to the surrounding properties. One is located in the Northern portion of the County near Grant. It helps form Woodall Lake and is maintained by the Marshall County Commission District 2 Shop. The other dam is located in Arab at Pine Lake Village. The City of Arab maintains this dam. The levee is located along Guntersville Reservoir. It is maintained by the City of Guntersville. The TVA is responsible for monitoring the water level at the levee. Marshall County could suffer damage from the failure of two dams along the Tennessee River. Guntersville Dam is located near Guntersville in the County and Nickajack Dam is located upstream in Marion County, Tennessee. Both Guntersville and Nickajack dams are monitored by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and each have an Emergency Action Plan. Construction on Guntersville Dam was completed in January 1939. This hydroelectric dam has a length of 3,979 feet and a height of 94 feet. TVA renovated the dam in 1994 and added 2.5 feet to the overall height (new height 96.5 feet) in an effort to prevent flooding. The generating capacity of the dam is 108,000 kW. The reservoir covers 67,900 acres creating Guntersville Lake. The shoreline of the lake provides much of the County’s recreation including 2 state parks, 3 County parks, 8 municipal parks, 4 state wildlife centers, 30 public access areas and 23 commercial recreation areas. Nickajack Lock and Dam, finished in 1967 was built to replace the leaking Hales Bar Dam Lock. The dam is 81 feet high stretching 3,767 feet across the river.

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The lock is 600 feet by 110 feet and is used to navigate barges and towboats down the Tennessee River. At the same time the current lock was constructed, the foundation for an additional 800-foot lock was completed for future growth. Nickajack Dam has a generating capability of 104,00 kW. If the dam failed, the shoreline of Guntersville Lake would be impacted from a flash flood of water. In a non-flood condition failure, the limit of the down stream impact would occur just south of Deal Creek along the Jackson/Marshall County Line. Shown in Map 4-10, flood waters from a failure of this dam would encroach into Guntersville and other communities and properties along the shoreline, with much of the flooding occurring along the tributaries of the Tennessee River and Guntersville Lake. Probability of Future Occurrences. The risks associated with dam–levee failures are the same as those risks associated with flooding. Risks to Marshall County are minimal. TVA has an Emergency Action Plan with procedures for dam failure under normal conditions, dam failure under a one hundred year flood event, and dam failure under an extreme flood event (i.e. five hundred year) at either Guntersville Dam or Nickajack Dam. Each plan provides guidelines to follow in the event of possible dam failure. Both plans are on file with the Marshall County EMA.

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Map 4-9. Locations of Dams, Marshall County

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Guntersville Lock and Dam

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Map 4-10. Dam Failure Inundation, Marshall County 4-49

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Landslides Hazard Description. A “landslide” is the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials acting under the force of gravity. The term covers a broad category of events, including mudflows, mudslides, debris flows, rock falls, rockslides, debris avalanches, debris slides and earth flows. Landslides may consist of natural rock, soil, artificial fill, or combinations of these materials. Landslides are classified by type of movement, including: slides, flows, lateral spreads, falls and topples. Hazard Profile. Five instances of landslides were reported in the local media. On May 13, 1978, the Arab Tribune reported that a landslide occurred on Georgia Mountain shutting down Arab Water until 9:00 Sunday. The Advertiser-Gleam reported that the weekend of April 25-26, 1970, landslides blocked roads, washed away roads, and caused water to be turned off in some areas. In 1977, a landslide affected a water tank and piping causing $22,000 in damages and in April 1979 $1,000 in damages occurred, according to The Advertiser-Gleam. On May 1-3, 1997 a storm caused a landslide ruining roadways - The Advertiser-Gleam. Community Impacts. The effects of landslides are often misrepresented as being the result of the landslide’s trigger event, such as a flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, hurricane, or coastal storm. The impact from a landslide can include loss of life, damage to buildings, lost productivity, disruption in utilities and transportation systems, and reduced property values. According to FEMA, 25 – 50 people die annually due to landslides in the United States. Location and Extents. The entire County lies in an area of high susceptibility/low incidence, according to the Geological Survey of Alabama. This area is depicted on Map 4-11. Probability of Future Occurrences. The probability of future occurrences of landslides in Marshall County is moderate. The County is susceptible to landslides. It is imperative that any major construction project in the County implement prevention and/or mitigation measures against landslides.

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Map 4-11. Landslide Hazard Areas, State of Alabama

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4.14

Land Subsidence Hazard Description. Land subsidence, the loss of surface elevation due to the removal of subsurface support, ranges from broad, regional lowering of the land surface to localized collapse. Land subsidence is also known as sinkholes. The primary cause of land subsidence is a direct result of human activity often in areas of karsts geology. The human activities that may trigger subsidence include mining and the withdrawal of groundwater and/or petroleum. Droughts and excessive rainfall can also lead to the formation of sinkholes. The most dramatic form of subsidence is the collapse of surficial material into underground voids. Hazard Profile. Sinkholes commonly occur in karsts geologies. The entire County is susceptible to subsidence as indicated in Map 4-12 from the Alabama Geological Survey.

Source: The Geological Survey of Alabama http://www.gsa.state.al.us/gsa/sinkholes/sinks.html

Map 4-12. Areas of Alabama with Active Sinkholes and Land Subsidence Numerous sinkholes have developed in the northern and western areas of the County, with many sinkholes occurring along the banks of the Tennessee River and the shores of Guntersville Reservoir. The town most effected by sinkholes is Grant. Map 4-13 shows areas where sinkholes have occurred in Marshall County and their size. The largest sinkhole was in Grant, with other large sinkholes along Highway 231 and around the communities of Ruth and Oleander.

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Map 4-13. Land Subsidence Areas, 1977, Marshall County

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Community impacts. Portions of Marshall County are susceptible to the development of sinkholes. Those that do occur are primarily due to the limestone formations or from underground mines. When subsidence occurs in developed areas, it can have a significant impact on the communities including loss of property value, increased cost on insurance and potential injury. Proper maintenance of sinkhole areas is essential to lessen the negative effects on the quality of groundwater in the region. Location and Extents. Marshall County is located in a part of the state where the geology is highly susceptible to subsidence. The north and northwest portions of the County have experienced the most damage from land subsidence. Probability of Future Occurrences. The probability of future occurrences cannot be predicted due to a lack of historical data. These are random events, which can be influenced by man's activity, ground water withdrawals, or drought. 4.15

Earthquakes Hazard Description. An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface. Hazard Profile. According to the Alabama Geological Survey, four earthquakes have occurred in Marshall County, as shown in Table 4-21. However, no major damage has resulted. Map 4-14 depicts earthquakes that have occurred in the state since 1916. Table 4-21. Earthquakes, Marshall County Date

Epicenter Area

Lat

Long

Mag

Effect

Guntersville Dam, 1/21/1991 Marshall County

34.48

86.40

1.9

Not felt

Guntersville, 7/4/1994 Marshall County

34.55

86.29

0.8

Not felt

Guntersville, 3/12/2001 Marshall County

34.47

86.35

1.5

9 miles (15 km) northwest of Guntersville

Guntersville, 9/10/2001 Marshall County

34.49

86.18

1.7

10 miles (16 km) northeast of Guntersville

Fort Payne, DeKalb 4/29/2003 County

34.49

85.62

4.6

25km ENE of Fort Payne, 45 km NW of Rome, GA

Sources: Modified from U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State

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Source: Geological Survey of Alabama

Map 4-14. Earthquakes in Alabama Since 1916

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Community Impacts. The USGS has developed a methodology for identifying an area’s vulnerability to the occurrence of an earthquake. Areas are identified by their relative seismic risk. Marshall County is located in an area with a probability of exceedance between 7% and 8% in 50 years. This area of risk is illustrated in Map 415.

Map 4-15. Earthquake Hazard Areas In accordance with FEMA guidelines, an area with 3% or greater probability of exceedance in 50 years should be further assessed for vulnerability. A HAZUSMH Level One assessment has been performed and is discussed in the HAZUS analysis segment of this section. Location and Extents. Marshall County falls within the Eastern Tennessee seismic zone (New Madrid Seismic Zone). The northeast quarter of Alabama is affected by the Charleston fault line. The 10 northern counties are in Zone VIII of the New Madrid Fault. This zone extends from southwest Virginia to northeast Alabama. It is one of the most active areas for earthquakes in the Southeast. Earthquakes in this zone can be felt in a much larger area than a similar earthquake along the west coast. An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5 in the eastern U. S. can be felt as far as 300

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miles away in most directions and can cause damage up to 25 miles away. Although the risk of a significant earthquake occurring in Marshall County is minimal, the impact of a large regional earthquake could be significant. The entire County is equally at risk. Probability of Future Occurrences. Although insufficient data exists to predict the future probability of an earthquake occurring in Marshall County, the risk of a significant, damage-causing earthquake in the County is minimal. HAZUS®MH Analysis. Two separate earthquake scenarios were run for Marshall County using the HAZUS®MH software (further explained in Section 4.16 of this Chapter). Each analysis was conducted at the basic Level 1. The first analysis was based on a historical quake that occurred in 1916 at – 86.20 degrees longitude and 33.50 degrees latitude with a magnitude of 5.19 on the Richter scale. The results analyze the impacts of an event with identical characteristics should it occur today.

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Map 4-16. Earthquake of 1916 Total Economic Loss The second analysis conducted in HAZUS®MH included a 100 year Earthquake event with a magnitude of 5 on the Richter scale. The latitude and longitude of the quake remained unknown for this analysis. Each scenario run utilized the data provided by HAZUS®MH for Marshall County and reflected a possible effect on a Countywide level. The program does not address ground failure at Level 1. Due to this, the amount of damage to infrastructure (utilities, roads, etc) could not be determined. The analysis provides possible damage to County buildings based on square footage and population displaced due to home damage.

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Map 4-17. Total Economic Loss Estimate 100 Year - 5 Magnitude Earthquake 4.16

Vulnerability Assessment: Identification of Assets

This section assesses vulnerability of types and numbers of existing buildings and critical facilities (including infrastructure) located within each identified hazard area. The only identified hazard that is area specific within the County is flooding. Consequently, all buildings and critical facilities are susceptible to all remaining hazards. The building counts and values are taken from the HAZUS®MH databases. Three levels of analysis are available with the HAZUS®MH system. For the purposes of this plan a Level 1 analysis was run on Marshall County. A Level 1 analysis is the basis for developing mitigation plans and policies, emergency preparedness, and response and recovery planning. At Level 1, the analysis utilizes the data provided with the software. Extensive technical knowledge is not required at this level and minimal data entry is needed. The analysis provides the user with general information regarding earthquakes, floods and hurricanes that effect their study region and provides an assessment as to whether or not further analysis is warranted. All numbers and calculations are based on a County level. HAZUS®MH does not generate data based on individual jurisdiction levels. The default data in a Level 1 analysis does not include damage/loss due to ground failure or erosion (riverine only), damage/loss due to earthquake driven flooding such as tsunamis or seiche, nor damage/loss due to dam failure. The counts are based on Census 2000 data, and because data availability is limited they have not been updated further. Dollar values are taken from 2002 and not adjusted to current values.

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Designation of a facility as critical is based on the HAZUS®MH definitions, as follows:  Essential Facilities. These facilities are critical to the health and welfare of the entire County population and are essential following hazard events, including emergency response facilities (police, fire, and emergency management), medical care facilities (hospitals and other care facilities), schools, and shelters for evacuation.  Lifeline Utility Systems. These facilities are essential lifelines that include potable water, wastewater, natural gas, oil, electric, and communications systems. HAZUS®MH data might not be available for all of these facilities in this County.  Transportation Systems. These facilities include highways, bridges, tunnels, heavy/light railways, airports, buses, ports and waterways.  High Potential Loss Facilities. These facilities include military installations, nuclear power plants and dams.  Hazardous Materials. These materials may pose a threat if disrupted by natural hazards and include hazardous industrial chemicals, explosives, flammables, toxins, and radioactive materials.  User Defined Facilities. The user may include additional facilities or systems unique to their study region which are not included in the general HAZUS®MH listing of critical facilities. Building Assets. The County has over 31,844 buildings valued at approximately $4.733 billion. Approximately 99% of the buildings and 82.45% of the building value are associated with residential housing. All of the buildings are at risk for natural hazards damages.

Table 4-22. Total County Building Inventory Number of Buildings by Type* Residential 31,528

Commercial 238

Industrial 56

Agriculture 1

Religious 16

Government 5

Education 0

Total 31,844

*The count for each of the building categories was derived by a HAZUS®MH system formula that utilizes the square footage of a building. This calculation occasionally results in a number less than one. The numbers generated are an approximation and do not necessarily reflect the exact count of individual buildings in each category.

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Table 4-23. Building Exposure by Occupancy Type Occupancy Exposure ($1000) Percent of Total Residential $3,902,248 82.4% Commercial 588,388 12.4% Industrial 163, 863 3.5% Agricultural 8,204 0.2% Religious 45,370 1.0% Governmental 7,531 0.2% Educational 17,475 0.4% Total $4,733,079 100% Source: HAZUS®MH

Critical Facilities. The maps on the following pages show the distribution of critical facilities throughout the County including communication, medical care, police and fire, hazardous material, hazard warning sirens, and school facilities. Shelter data is not available through HAZUS®MH; however, the County EMA office provided locations of some of the pre- and post-disaster shelters and a map was created and is included in this plan. Many of the facilities are concentrated in the urban portions of the County. Communication facilities are important resources for a community to have available. It allows administrators direct access to the public for announcements, education and alerts regarding hazards. Marshall County has eight radio broadcasting towers, as shown in Map 4-18. Arab has two towers, one AM and one FM; Albertville also has both an AM and FM broadcasting tower; while Guntersville has three towers, two AM and one FM. The City of Boaz has one AM tower. A NOAA weather radio transmitter is mounted to WAFN's broadcasting tower in Arab. This transmitter covers a 40 mile radius. There are three E-911 repeater towers that cover the County. They are also shown on Map 4-18. Grant, Douglas and Union Grove are not shown to have any broadcasting towers in the HAZUS®MH database. Maps 4-19, 4-20 and 4-21 show the locations of the emergency facilities located in the County from the HAZUS®MH data from 2000. The County has two hospital facilities, Marshall Medical Center North located in Guntersville and Marshall Medical Center South in Boaz. HAZUS®MH classified both hospitals as medium in size having 50-150 beds each and a combined capacity of 192 beds. Both hospitals have helicopter landing areas. The Marshall County EMA office is also located in Guntersville. Arab, Guntersville, Albertville, Boaz, Douglas and Grant each have their own police force, eleven in all. Union Grove is shown to only have a fire association. Out of twenty-one fire stations dispersed throughout the County, eighteen are volunteer fire departments. All of Marshall County has fire coverage and each station has a mapped area of coverage as shown in Map 4-22. The fire district map was provided 4-63

by the 911 office and overlaid onto the HAZUS®MH fire map to show the association between station locations and coverage areas. Marshall County has a GIS department. The County has been mapping each of the critical facilities in the County using GPS practices. The emergency warning sirens have been mapped using this method and incorporated into Map 4-21. The sirens are concentrated around the more densely populated areas within the County but have also been place in more sparsely populated areas to provide better County coverage. Each siren has a range where it is most effective. This range is between 0.5 and 1 mile. Within this range, the siren will ring with more clarity and is likely to have greater effect on warning the public of eminent danger. The Marshall County GIS department also provided the school layer for Map 4-24. The location of the schools is an important resource for the public as they are often used as shelters during times of disasters. Their exact location is also important at times of evacuation. Map 4-25 depicts the location of the pre- and post-disaster shelters. Predisaster shelters are areas citizens can go to before a disaster strikes. They are not intended for long-term care. The post-disaster shelters provide areas individuals can stay until they are able to return to their residence or are able to find other suitable lodging. Individuals living in nursing homes or assisted-care facilities usually need extra help during extreme events. Map 4-26 shows the location of these facilities throughout the County. Hazardous material facilities contain substances that can pose significant hazards because of their toxicity, radioactivity, flammability, explosiveness and/or reactivity. Significant casualties and/or property damage could occur from a single hazardous materials release induced by a flood, earthquake or other unforeseen hazard. A map and listing of hazardous materials and their locations are on file at the EMA office.

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Map 4-18. Communication Facilities

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Map 4-19. Marshall County Emergency Care and Operation Facilities

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Map 4-20. Marshall County Police and Fire Locations

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Map 4-21. Marshall County Fire Department Coverage

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Map 4-22. Marshall County Emergency Sirens

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Map 4-23. Marshall County Schools

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Map 4-24. Pre/Post Disaster Shelters

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Map 4-25. Assisted Living Facilities

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4.17

Vulnerability Assessment: Impacts on Population, Buildings, Critical Facilities, Estimated Losses

Tables 4-24, 4-25 and 4-26 depict populations and buildings in Marshall County that are vulnerable to each natural hazard. Map 4-28 shows the location of buildings throughout the County according to Census 2000 and their dollar value in the $1,000's with 2002 values. It is estimated that the entire population is vulnerable to tornadoes, drought, hail, wildfire, lightning, hurricanes, thunderstorms, winter storms, and earthquakes. Less than 1% of the population and buildings are vulnerable to flooding and an undetermined amount are susceptible to dam failure, landslides, and sinkholes. Impact on Population

Table 4-24. Population Vulnerable to Hazards Hazard Population Households Flood 822 325 Tornado 82,231 32,547 Drought 82,231 32,547 Hail 82,231 32,547 Wildfire 82,231 32,547 Lightning 82,231 32,547 Hurricane 82,231 32,547 Thunderstorm 82,231 32,547 Landslide * * Winter storm 82,231 32,547 Land subsidence * * Earthquake 82,231 32,547 Dam failure * * * Cannot be determined from available data. Source: Census 2000 (Flood estimates based on 1% of total)

Impact on Buildings

Table 4-25. Number of Buildings Exposed to Hazards Hazard Flood Tornado Drought Hail Wildfire Lightning Hurricane Thunderstorm

Type of Building Residential

315 31,528 31,528 31,528 31,528 31,528 31,528 31,528

Commercial

2.4 238 238 238 238 238 238 238

Industrial

.56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56

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Agriculture

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Religious

.16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

Gov't.

.05 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Education

Total

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

318 31,844 31,844 31,844 31,844 31,844 31,844 31,844

Table 4-25. Number of Buildings Exposed to Hazards Hazard

Type of Building Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Agriculture

Landslide * * * * Winter storm 31,528 238 56 1 Land subsidence * * * * Earthquake 31,528 238 56 1 Dam failure * * * * * Cannot be determined from available data. Source: HAZUS®MH (Flood estimates based on less than 1% of total)

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Religious

* 16 * 16 *

Gov't.

* 5 * 5 *

Education

Total

* 0 * 0 *

* 31,844 * 31,844 *

Map 4-26. Marshall County Building Exposure ($1,000's)

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Estimated Losses. Table 4-26 provides general estimates of property damage that might result from each of the identified hazards. These are very gross estimates of property damages and should only be interpreted as indicators of the degree of damage possible. The figures are based solely on past occurrences, as described in the hazard identification section of this chapter. More accurate methods are available to assess damages, particularly the Corps of Engineers Flood Damage Assessment (HEC-FDA) model, FEMA’s Benefit-Cost Modules, and the HAZUS®MH loss estimation software. Upon further review of the County’s hazard needs, the Committee may determine a Level 2 analysis using HAZUS®MH should be completed.

Table 4-27. Annual Property Damage Estimates Hazard Low Expected High Tornado $0 $72,250 $1.2 Million Severe Storm $0 $37,000 $500,000 Flood $0 $26,625 $150,000 Winter Storm/Freeze $0 N/A N/A Hurricane $0 N/A N/A Drought/Heat Wave $0 N/A N/A Wildfire $0 N/A N/A Dam/Levee Failure $0 N/A N/A Landslide $0 N/A N/A Earthquake $0 N/A N/A Source: NOAA Property Damage Estimates http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms

4.18

Vulnerability Assessment: Analysis of Development Trends

Table 4-28 shows that Marshall County’s population increased 16.1% from 19902000. The strongest population growth was in Albertville, where the population increased by 2,740 people, or 18.9%. The State of Alabama's population, during that same period, increased only 10.1%. Lake-home developments on Lake Guntersville rose during the past two decades. Guntersville recently opened Conners Island Park, a corporate and lightindustry industrial park. The County is benefiting from the new Honda plant located nearby. TS Tech North America, a first-tier Honda supplier, opened a new facility in Boaz, creating 400 jobs. Several high-tier Honda suppliers have opened facilities in Boaz and elsewhere in Marshall County. The largest employers in the County for the past ten years have been poultry processing plants such as Tyson and Gold Kist. Since the late 1990's, as Huntsville grew as a technology center, thousands of Marshall County residents started commuting to work in the Huntsville area.

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Table 4-28. Historical and Projected Population Growth Trends for Marshall County, 1980-2025 Item Marshall County State of Alabama Historical 1980 Population 65,622 3,893,888 1990 Population 70,832 4,047,587 Percent Change 1980-1990 7.9 3.8 Number Change 1980-1990 5,210 146,699 2000 Population 82,231 4,447,100 Percent Change 1990-2000 16.1 10.1 Number Change 1990-2000 11,399 406,513 Projected 2005 Population 88,256 4,644,503 2015 Population 94,319 5,028,045 2025 Population 111,385 5,385,997 Percent Change 2000-2025 35.5 21.1 Number Change 2000-2025 29,154 938,897 Source: Alabama State Data Center, The University of Alabama

Table 4-29. Historical Population Growth, Jurisdictions in Marshall County Jurisdiction

1990 Population

2000 Population

Marshall Co. Albertville Arab Boaz Douglas Grant Guntersville Union Grove

70,832 14,507 6,321 6,928 526 814 7,038 156

82,231 17,247 7,146 6,765 530 665 7,395 94

Number Change 1990-2000 11,399 2,740 825 -163 4 -149 357 -62

Percent Change 1990-2000 16.1% 18.9% 13.05% -2.35% 0.8% -18.3% 5.07% -39.7%

Source: Census 2000, March 2001

Marshall County's population is forecast to increase 35.5% by the year 2025. New, small-scale industry will likely develop in Marshall County as a result of the County's low taxes, a strong incentive program for new businesses, and school systems that rank high within Alabama. Residential developments will probably continue as Huntsville's metropolitan area, located just to the north of Marshall County, continues to expand. Marshall County will also see new industries supplementing the automotive factories in nearby counties. Industrial expansion is a projected trend for all of Northern Alabama. Maps 4-27, 4-28, 4-29 and 4-30 show the planned growth patterns for Guntersville and Arab along with the current regulated zoning areas in Albertville and Boaz. (The official maps are located in the respective jurisdiction City Hall.)

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Map 4-27. City of Guntersville Land Use Map

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Map 4-28. City of Arab Land Use Map

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Map 4-29. City of Albertville Zoning Map

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Map 4-30. City of Boaz Zoning Map

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Map 4-31. Land Use and Land Cover, Marshall County Marshall County's land cover and land use is mainly forests and agricultural. Approximately 32.5% is forest and 24% is agriculture. Mixed urban use is 20%, residential - 11%, commercial - 6%, industrial and transportation - 1% each, other - 5.5%. According to the size of the Guntersville Reservoir, approximately 10% of the County is covered by the reservoir. (Fifty-six square miles of the 627 total square miles of the County.) Map 4-31 shows the various land uses and land cover for Marshall County.

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4.19

Multi-Jurisdictional Risk Assessment

In Table 4-30 the jurisdictions are ranked in terms of risk of natural hazards. All jurisdictions are equally at risk for tornadoes, severe storms, earthquakes, wildfires, extreme cold, winter storms, drought and extreme heat. The jurisdictions have varying degrees of risk pertaining to flooding, landslides, land subsidence and dam failure. The risk associated with each of these hazards depends upon topography, geology and density of development. Table 4-30 depicts the relative risk assessment for each jurisdiction according to responses received by the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (1=highest ranked risk).

Arab

Boaz

Guntersville

Grant

Union Grove

Douglas

Severe Storm Tornado Winter Storm Flood Drought/Heat Hurricane Earthquake Dam Failure Wildfire Landslide Sinkholes

Albertville

Hazard

Marshall County

Table 4-30. Multi-Jurisdictional Risk Assessment

1 2 3 4 6 8 10 11 5 9 7

1 2 5 11 4 3 7 10 8 9 6

1 2 3 5 4 9 11 10 6 8 7

1 2 3 5 4 10 11 7 8 9 6

1 2 4 11 3 5 6 10 8 7 9

1 2 3 4 5 9 8 11 6 10 7

1 2 3 4 6 8 10 11 5 9 7

1 2 3 4 6 8 10 11 5 9 7

Source: HMP Committee

Table 4-31 depicts the relative risk as viewed by the public, according to the responses received to the Public Survey Questionnaire. The values in this table represent the degree of risk associated with each hazard, where 5 represents the highest degree of risk. (See Section 3.3 in Chapter 4 for a complete description of the public survey). Map 4-32 shows the locations of cities, towns, and unincorporated communities listed in Table 4-31.

4-83

Winter storm/freeze Droughts/ heat waves

Dam Failure

Earthquakes

2.0 1.8 1.7 2.4

1.4 1.0 1.1 1.5

2.8 3.0 2.3 2.3

2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4

1.6 1.3 1.2 1.6

1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8

4.5 3.4 3.0

4.8 3.4 4.0

1.3 2.8 2.0

1.7 2.2 1.5

3 2.6 2.5

2.3 2.8 3.5

1.0 1.2 1.0

1.5 1.6 1.0

4.0 4.2 4.5 3.0

4.0 4.3 4.5 2.0

2.0 1.7 2.5 2.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

4.0 3.7 4.0 2.0

3.3 2.8 2.5

1.3 1.0 2.0 1.0

1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0

4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 2.5 3.0 4.3 4.0

4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.3 4.0 5.0 4.3 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.5 4.0 5.0 4.0

4.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 1.0 2.3 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.0

2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0

4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.3 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.0 1.0 2.5 4.0 3.0

2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 2.7 3.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.7 1.0 3.5 2.0 2.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

* Wildfire, Hurricane, and Sinkhole were not included in the survey.

4-84

2.7

1.0

Sinkhole - other*

Landslide

3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9

Hurricane - other*

Flood

3.9 4.3 3.9 3.7

Wildfire - other*

Severe Storm

Cities Albertville 36 Arab 25 Boaz 18 Guntersville 26 Towns Douglas 4 Grant 5 Union Grove 1 Unincorporated Communities Asbury 3 Claysville 6 Columbus City 2 Diamond 1 Double Bridges, Beulah 1 Egypt 2 Five Points, Wakefield 1 Fry 1 Grassy 1 High Point 1 Horton 3 Hyatt 1 Marshall 1 Martling 4 Mountain Crest 3 Mt. Olive 1 Nixon Chapel 4 Pleasant Grove 17 Ruth 5 Scant City 3 Solitude 2 Trussville 2 Whitesville 3 All 183

Tornado

Community

Number of Responses

Table 4-31. Public's Risk Assessment by Community

4.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

Map 4-32. Cities, Towns, and Unincorporated Communities, Marshall County 4-85

Chapter 5

Mitigation Strategies 5.1

Purpose of the Mitigation Strategies

The mitigation strategies presented in this chapter provide a long-range blueprint for all participating communities within Marshall County to consolidate their resources and efforts to cooperatively reduce the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. This chapter presents a shared vision and comprehensive, long-range plan of goals, objectives, and available mitigation measures for all participants in the planning process. Those short-range mitigation measures supported by each community over the next five-year planning cycle are presented in Chapter 6 - Community Action Programs. 5.2

Steps in Developing the Strategies

At its organizational meeting, the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee adopted a mission statement and a shared vision for disaster resistance among all communities within the county. These statements were prepared with Committee Exercise #1 - Mission/Vision Statements. Refer to Section 3.1 Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee for the Mission Statement. Section 5.7 presents the Vision Statement for the Committee. At subsequent Committee meetings, each jurisdiction completed risk and capabilities assessments. Committee Exercise #2 - Hazard Identification was used to generally identify the hazard threats to each community and the probability or risks of future occurrences. More detailed research and analyses of the risks supplemented the committee exercise, and the committee reviewed the results. The next exercise, Committee Exercise #3 - Hazard Profiles, compiled the records of past hazard events. This exercise was completed through evaluation of available data, such as local damage reports, news accounts, and FEMA disaster declaration records, as well as committee members’ recollections of past events. Committee Exercise #4 - Capabilities Assessment for Hazard Mitigation was completed by each jurisdiction to determine existing capabilities to implement mitigation measures. The committee representatives examined the regulatory tools, staff resources, possible funding, and other capabilities of each jurisdiction. The “Issues and Opportunities” – major problems and opportunities facing each community’s mitigation efforts – were derived from the risk and capability assessments, committee discussions, public participation, and interagency coordination activities. The statements of issues and opportunities form the basis for determining appropriate mitigation measures for each community, given their particular risks and capabilities. Committee Exercise #5 - Alternative Mitigation Measures, was used by the committee to select among the broad range of alternatives that might be available to each community. The Committee supplemented this exercise with its own exercise designed to define common goals, issues, and mitigation measures to be undertaken jointly by all jurisdictions. Through these exercise, goals were established for high-risk hazards and each of the six categories of mitigation activities. Mitigation program objectives define achievable targets that are

5-1

consistent with goals. The Committee evaluated the alternative mitigation measures that would advance the goal and selected the preferred measures that would best address each issue. The committee also identified the most critical hazard issues in each jurisdiction and recommended mitigation projects for potential FEMA funding. Finally, the committee completed the Mitigation Action Program that schedules the implementation of mitigation measures. The action program for each participating community assigns implementation responsibility, sets a timeline, identifies funding needs, and establishes the priority for implementation. (See chapter 6). Figure 5.1 illustrates the process and components that lead to the Mitigation Strategies and Mitigation Action Program. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee sought participation from the public and coordinated its efforts with other agencies. This was accomplished through open committee meetings, access to the project website (http://mitigationplan.org/), surveys, public meetings, media announcements and public hearings before the plan's adoption. Results of the exercises and sign-in sheets and minutes from meetings are available in the EMA office.

5-2

Joint Mission/Vision (Exercise #1)

Jurisdiction Hazard Identification Probability of Future Occurrences

Hazard Profile Profile of Historical Occurrences

(Exercise #2)

(Exercise #3)

Vulnerability

Capabilities Assessment Risk Assessment

(Exercise #4)

Mitigation Issues and Opportunities

Public Participation

Surveys, Web Site Public Meetings

Interagency/Intergovernmental Coordination

Alternative Mitigation Measures (Exercise #5)

Mitigation Strategies (Consolidated Long-Term Vision, Goals, Objectives, and Available Measures)

Community Mitigation Action Programs

Federal, State, Regional Agencies

Business, Academia, NonProfit Agencies

Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Representation

Adjoining Jurisdictions

Participating Jurisdictions

(Short-Term Mitigation Measures for Each Community)

Implementation Responsibility

Priorities

Timeline

Funding

Figure 5-1. Steps in the Development of the Mitigation Strategies and Action Programs

5-3

5.3

The Planning Approach

The planning approach presented here follows the six categories of a comprehensive hazard mitigation program. These program categories have been developed by FEMA for managing a successful mitigation program and are used here as guidelines for identifying and selecting among alternative mitigation measures. 1. Prevention. Adopting and administering ordinances, regulations, and programs that manage the development of land and buildings to minimize risks of loss due to natural hazards. 2. Property Protection. Protecting structures and their occupants and contents from the damaging effects of natural hazard occurrences, including retrofitting existing structures to increase their resistance to damage and exposure of occupants to harm; relocating vulnerable structures and occupants from hazard locations; and conversion of developed land to permanent open space through acquisition and demolition of existing structures. 3. Public Education and Outreach. Educating and informing the public about the risks of hazards and the techniques available to reduce threats to life and property. 4. Natural Resources Protection. Preserving and restoring the beneficial functions of the natural environment to promote sustainable community development that balances the constraints of nature with the social and economic demands of the community. 5. Emergency Services. Responding to and recovering from a natural hazard disaster. 6. Structural Projects. Engineering structural modifications to natural systems and public infrastructure to reduce the potentially damaging impacts of a hazard on a community. 5.4

Issues and Opportunities

The mitigation measures of this plan respond to the issues and opportunities listed in this section. These statements summarize the principal hazard issues and mitigation opportunities and are based upon the findings of the risk assessment and capability assessment, participation by members of the HMPC at committee meetings and through planning exercises, the results of the public survey, public participation at community meetings, and coordination among interested agencies. Prevention  Lack of funding opportunities for mitigation projects.  Vulnerability assessments for wildfire are difficult due to the many variables involved.  Agricultural loss data currently does not isolate only those losses attributed to drought conditions.  Older buildings may not be in compliance with current wind codes.

5-4

 Not all mobile homes are anchored against tornado winds.  Lack of public shelters.  New construction is not required to be resistant to damages from tornado force winds.  There is insufficient data on location(s) of disabled and elderly citizens who could be vulnerable to health risks as a result of power outages resulting from a severe storm event.  There is no countywide database of information on critical floodplain areas that need protection to retain flood storage capacity.  Lack of comprehensive policy guide for development in flood-prone areas.  No water management policy for Marshall County.  Lack of accurate map of the flash flood-prone areas.  Rural growth has increased the number of residents in high and moderate wildfire risk areas.  Residential and critical facilities in high and moderate wildfire risk areas are unknown.  Firefighting becomes difficult if water hydrants are dry.  Heat and cold may result in damage to utilities and services; electric, water and sewer lines; and communications networks.  Above ground utilities are prone to damage from severe storms.  Increasing impervious surface is placing additional stress on storm sewers and waterways.  Disruption of roadways and rail lines due to ground movement or subsidence.  Damage to underground utilities and services, electric grid, natural gas and chemical products, water and sewer lines, and communication networks. Property Protection  Major economic losses possible from destroyed businesses resulting from a tornado event.  Utility and communication lines could be down for an undetermined amount of time following a severe storm event.  Utility outages resulting from severe storm events cause damage to electronics and perishable food items and place vulnerable and disabled citizens at increased health risk.  Power outages or complete failures may result from demand overloading systems.  Shortages of heating fuels and increases in the cost of cooling can cause sharp price fluctuations placing further stress on fixed-income households and the general economy.  Damage to structures from severe storm events, especially older buildings, is magnified because structures were built with inadequate regard for optimal wind speed and prevailing wind direction.  Mobile homes generally are not securely anchored to resist maximum winds.

5-5

 Existing flat-roofed commercial and residential buildings are prone to build up of snow, ice, hail and water, especially after a severe storm event.  Roofing and siding systems are not designed to resist hail and ice damage.  Older masonry buildings (pre-1930’s) will experience failure of aging fascia and ornamentation and are more susceptible to complete collapse in a moderate earthquake.  Modern large span (commercial/industrial) unsupported trusses susceptible to collapse. Public Education and Outreach  Real estate agents and property owners have a continuing need for flood map information.  The public is generally unaware of risks associated with hazards and the mitigation measures available for property protection.  Real estate agents often neglect to disclose flood plain location of a property before it is listed.  Local libraries are available to serve as repositories for information on hazards and methods of protection.  Technical assistance materials are available through FEMA to assist property owners on alternative property protection measures.  School environmental education programs provide excellent opportunities for public education on hazard mitigation alternatives.  Local cable offers public service access.  A multitude of public outreach opportunities and resources are available.  Public information activities are among the least expensive mitigation measures but often the most effective.  Motorists attempt to drive through flooded roadways.  Pedestrians attempt to walk through flooded roadways and areas.  Loose items become hazardous and dangerous during a tornado event.  Poor public awareness of shelter locations.  No tree planting educational programs or tree trimming/maintenance programs for private citizens.  Residents do not know what to do in the event of a flood.  Residents are not aware they are in a flood zone or of local stream locations and they require education on flood insurance as a mitigation tool.  Need for flood fighting educational programs for local government.  Citizens are uninformed about floodplain maps and regulations.  Lack of flood risk map and educational tools for real estate agents and local governments.  Residents are unaware of risks because of the infrequency of large scale events and are either not aware of, or do not obey all open burning laws.  Residents are unaware of land management and landscaping options to limit fire spread.

5-6

 Public does not fully understand the impact of extreme temperatures on individuals and infrastructure and lack basic knowledge of how to cope. Senior citizens, the ill or disabled persons are the most at risk.  Public is not aware of or prepared for the impact of a moderate (Scale V) earthquake.  Builders and developers are uninformed of wildfire preventative and protective options. Natural Resources Protection  Marshall County has valuable natural and scenic resources that could be disturbed by growth and development.  Stream and riverbanks and riparian zones help manage floods and filter runoff.  Accidental or intentional dumping of household and commercial, such as household garbage, tires, shopping carts, and landscape debris, can obstruct flows.  Storm-damaged trees - resulting from hurricanes, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, wind storms, winter freezes, and snow storms - can clog streets and access ways during periods of disaster response, obstruct the natural discharge of flood waters, disrupt utility services, increase debris removal, damage property, and increase disaster recovery costs.  Poor soil drainage in flood hazard areas.  Trees damage structures due to improper or inadequate pruning, improper tree species planted, or improper location. Tree maintenance programs, where existing, are understaffed and under funded.  Fuel load in high wildfire risk areas is not addressed.  Water supply could be depleted during extreme drought. Emergency Services  Modern technology has created new opportunities for monitoring hazard events as they happen or, in some cases, forecast events in advance.  Weather radios in homes and businesses provide inexpensive means for advance warning.  Water hydrants may be opened during heat spells and water used to fight fires will freeze quickly in extreme cold. Both conditions increase the damage that fire can do and increase risk of injury to fire fighters.  Lack of interoperable communications between county, city and volunteer agencies.  No uniform damage reporting procedure and no recognized clearinghouse for severe storm event damage assessment data.  Not enough trained weather spotters.  Lack of outdoor warning sirens.  Lack of NOAA Weather Radio usage by business, industry and the public.

5-7

 Lack of unified criteria between County and cities for activating outdoor warning sirens.  County and cites have different siren equipment and siren activation equipment. No continuity and no redundant back up capabilities between city and county agency.  Lack of state and local policy for identifying siren tones and indications.  Area volunteer fire departments lack adequate training and equipment to handle a major wildfire.  Lack of coordinated planning to meet the need for community based “Cooling/Warming” centers during periods of extreme heat or cold.  Risk of forest/field crop fire increases and ability to respond decreases during extreme drought.  Livestock and agricultural losses occur during extreme drought. Structural Projects  Regular maintenance of streams and drainage ways is critical to their effective operation for storm water discharge.  Siltation in waterways causes flow obstructions.  Debris carried by floodwaters can significantly compromise the effectiveness of otherwise adequately designed bridges, dams, culverts, diverting structures etc.  Poor storm sewer drainage causes flooding in low-lying areas and roadways.  Weakened levees, dams, and other control structures can be breached during storm events.  Unknown if current storm drainage system is inadequate.  Water collects in low-lying areas such as some roadways, underpasses, neighborhoods and areas adjacent to creeks and streams. 5.5

Existing Hazard Mitigation Activities

This plan expands upon and improves existing local mitigation activities, as described in this section. NFIP Participation To date, Marshall County and its municipalities have been involved in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as shown in Table 5-1 below. All communities with areas of special flood hazards identified are regular members of the NFIP. The towns of Douglas, Grant, and Union Grove are not members of the NFIP. These towns do not have any identified areas of special flood hazards.

5-8

Table 5-1. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Participants Community Name City of Albertville City of Arab City of Boaz City of Guntersville Marshall County

Date of Entry to NFIP 09/04/85 08/01/87 09/04/85 08/19/91 06/04/91

Storm Shelter Program Marshall County has participated in the Alabama EMA Safe Room Initiative program since 2001. In its first year, the State awarded the County $20,000 with a $6,667 match requirement. A total of $26,667 was used for the construction or installation of safe rooms, storm shelters, and community shelters. In 2003 Marshall County was awarded $25,000 with an $8,333 required match for a total of $33,333. Those funds were used to construct a community shelter in the Town of Grant. Existing Capabilities Each community responded to Committee Exercise #4, Capability Assessment for Mitigation Plan Implementation, noting regulatory tools, staff/personnel resources, and available funding sources. The results are maintained in the EMA office, and a summary of regulatory tools is presented in Table 5-2.

X X X X

X X X X

X

X

X

X

Town of Union Grove

City of Guntersville

X X X X

Town of Grant

City of Boaz

X X

X X X X

Town of Douglas

City of Arab

Building Codes Zoning Subdivision Regulations Flood Plain Regulations Erosion and Sedimentation Controls Storm Water Detention Regulations Comprehensive Plan1 Capital Improvement Plan2

City of Albertville

Regulatory Tool

Marshall County

Table 5-2. Regulatory Tools by Jurisdiction

X

X

X

X

Notes: 1. A Comprehensive Plan is a current and active plan for managing existing and future growth and development throughout the jurisdiction. 2. A Capital Improvement Plan is a five- to six-year plan for capital facilities improvements tied directly to the comprehensive plan.

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FEMA-Funded Mitigation Projects To date, communities within Marshall County have completed a number of mitigation projects through FEMA funding programs, as described in Table 5-3 below. Table 5-3. FEMA-Funded Mitigation Projects

City of Arab Outcome of Project Project opened 2002 Repair and expansion of 10th $19,600 Roadway, culvert and essential roadway Street, N. W. storm water headwall washout and expansion of drainage system. FEMA and local made road impassable. culvert and headwall funds. made facility capable of handling larger amounts of storm water and stabilized nearby banks. Roadway, culvert and Project opened 2002 Repair and expansion of 4th Street, $10,400 headwall washout made essential roadway and S. W. storm water drainage system. road impassable. expansion of culvert FEMA and local funds. and headwall made facility capable of handling larger amounts of storm water and stabilized nearby banks. Note: The above storm water improvement projects are the major mitigation efforts completed by the City of Arab with the support of FEMA funds. Other drainage improvements are conducted on a regular basis with City funds and workers to ensure positive mitigation throughout most of the community. Year

Project/Task

Cost

Reason For Project

Bridge Replacement Projects - Marshall County Year

Bridge Location

Cost

2000

Oak Grove Road at Big Reedbrake Creek

$200,000*

2000

Mt. Oak Road at Perkins Creek

$200,000*

* HMGP Funds from FEMA

Dam Maintenance Program Guntersville Dam and Nickajack Dam are maintained and monitored by the TVA. The TVA also monitors the levee along Guntersville Reservoir while the City of Guntersville maintains the levee. The two main earthen dams located in Marshall

5-10

County, Woodall Lake and Pine Lake Village, are maintained by the Marshall County Commission District 2 Shop and the City of Arab, respectively. TVA has an Emergency Action Plan with procedures for dam failure under normal conditions, dam failure under a one hundred year flood event, and dam failure under an extreme flood event (i.e. five hundred year) at either Guntersville Dam or Nickajack Dam. Each plan provides guidelines to follow in the event of possible dam failure. 5.7

Vision Statement A Vision for Disaster Resistance The communities of Marshall County envision active resistance to the threats of nature to human life and property through publicly supported mitigation measures with proven results. Each jurisdiction within the County commits to reduce the exposure and risk of natural hazards to its communities by activating all available resources through cooperative intergovernmental and private sector initiatives and augmenting public knowledge and awareness.

5.8

Goals for Natural Hazard Mitigation

The following goals for natural hazard mitigation guide the attainment of the County’s vision shared by all of its communities: Goals for mitigation of all natural hazards 1. Protect people, property, and natural resources. 2. Increase public awareness of natural hazards and their mitigation. 3. Strengthen communication and coordination among public agencies, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and private citizens. 4. Coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities with local land development planning activities and emergency operations planning. Goals for mitigation of tornadoes 1. Reduce safety risk to Marshall County during the occurrence of a future tornado event. 2. Reduce losses from tornado events to present and future structures in Marshall County. Goals for mitigation of severe storms 1. Reduce risk of damage to utility infrastructure in Marshall County in the event of a severe storm event. 2. Reduce the health and safety risk to the citizens of Marshall County during a severe storm event.

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3. Reduce losses to public and private structures in Marshall County from severe storm events. 4. Broaden response capabilities of emergency forces in dealing with the aftermath of a severe storm event. Goals for mitigation of riverine flooding 1. Reduce the health and safety risk to residents during future flooding events. 2. Minimize the impact of flooding on existing pubic and private structures and infrastructure. 3. Improve the county’s ability to respond to flooding and minimize the impact when flooding does occur. 4. Minimize the potential for increasing flooding and flood related problems within Marshall County and in areas affected by Marshall County drainage. Goals for mitigation of flash flooding 1. Identify all flash flood prone areas. 2. Eliminate or reduce damages resulting from flash flooding. 3. Reduce the health and safety risk to travelers in Marshall County in the event of a flash flooding event affecting the roadway. Goals for mitigation of wildfires 1. Reduce health and safety risk to Marshall County residents in the event of future wildfires. 2. Reduce threat to existing and future structures from wildfires. Goals for mitigation of droughts 1. Reduce health and safety risk and agricultural loss risk to Marshall County residents and livestock during a drought. 2. Reduce losses to water supply facilities and delivery systems during a drought. 3. Increase public awareness of water conservation and fire prevention. Goal for mitigation of temperature extremes Reduce health, safety, agricultural, and communication breakdown risk to Marshall County citizens in the event of extreme temperatures. Goals for mitigation of earthquakes 1. Reduce the damage to private property and infrastructure in Marshall County in the event of an earthquake.

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2. Reduce safety risk for all the citizens of Marshall County before, during and after an earthquake event. 5.9

Comprehensive Mitigation Strategies

This section presents the long-term strategies for mitigation of natural hazards. Each locality within Marshall County derives its five-year mitigation action program (see Chapter 6 - Community Mitigation Action Programs) from the program goals, objectives and available long-term mitigation measures presented here. 1 Prevention Goal. Manage the development of land and buildings to minimize risks of loss due to natural hazards. Objectives and Mitigation Measures: 1.1

Comprehensive Plans. Establish an active comprehensive planning program that seeks to mitigate the damaging effects of natural hazards, guide future development according to environmental and natural hazards constraints, and duly consider the vulnerability of areas exposed to natural hazards and the conservation of their natural and beneficial functions. Mitigation Measures: 1.1.1 Maintain up-to-date comprehensive plans for all municipalities. 1.1.2 Integrate the findings and recommendations of this plan into comprehensive plan amendments for jurisdictions with active comprehensive planning programs. Update local comprehensive plans to include a natural hazards mitigation element. Prepare a five-year capital improvements plan (CIP) to include capital projects to implement the natural hazards element. 1.1.3 Review and amend existing planning documents to be certain the vulnerability and environmental suitability of lands for future development are clearly addressed; local plans should address the vulnerability of designated hazard areas and encourage open space planning to create amenities for recreation and conservation of fragile resources. 1.1.4 Review plans for lessening agricultural damage and recovery during extended periods of extreme heat.

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1.1.5 Prepare and adopt a comprehensive plan, which establishes a long-range program for the protection and mitigation of properties from flood damages. 1.2

Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Maintain a comprehensive database of hazards locations, socio economic data, infrastructure, and critical facilities inventories. Mitigation Measures: 1.2.1 Maintain risk assessment data in GIS, including flood zones, tornado tracks, sinkhole threat areas, dam inundation areas, disaster events, and a comprehensive inventory of critical facilities within all jurisdictions. 1.2.2 Integrate FEMA HAZUS-MH applications for hazard loss estimations within local GIS programs. Maintain up-to-date data within GIS to apply the full loss estimation capabilities of HAZUS. 1.2.3 Document the extents of each flooding event using GIS. 1.2.4 Work with TVA, the NWS, and the County GIS to develop detailed inundation mapping downstream of Guntersville and Nickajack Dams.

1.3

Detailed Studies. Conduct special studies, as needed, to identify hazard risks and mitigation measures. Mitigation Measures: 1.3.1 Seek a countywide update of all FIRMs in digital format, with an emphasis on detailed studies of developed and developing areas with elevations provided and floodways delineated. Areas with potential flood mitigation values should be identified and mapped. Include detailed mapping of flash floodprone areas. Identify areas that have unique flooding and storm related issues. 1.3.2 Carry out detailed planning and engineering studies for sub-basins in critical flood hazard areas to determine watershed-wide solutions to flooding. Develop comprehensive watershed-scale storm management plans. Areas that have unique flooding and storm related issues must be considered. Multi-jurisdictional

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hot spots or high priority projects should be identified where watershed level solution projects could be applied. 1.3.3 Conduct wildfire vulnerability assessments. Prepare a comprehensive inventory to identify high and moderate wildfire risk areas. Assess the vulnerability of critical facilities and number of residential properties in these risk areas. 1.3.4 Develop a program to identify those existing mobile homes and older buildings throughout Marshall County that have the most potential for anchoring against straight-line and tornado force winds. 1.3.5 Identify existing culturally or socially significant structures and critical facilities within Marshall County that have the most potential for losses from tornado events and identify needed structural upgrades. 1.4

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls. Establish effective development controls, where applicable, to vulnerable land areas to discourage environmentally incompatible land use and development. Mitigation Measures: 1.4.1 Consider large lot size restrictions on flood-prone areas designated on Flood Insurance Rate Maps. 1.4.2 Evaluate additional land use restrictions within designated flood zones, such as prohibition of storage of buoyant materials, storage of hazardous materials, restrictive development of flood ways, among others.

1.5

Open Space Preservation. Minimize disturbances of natural land features and increased storm water runoff through regulations that maintain critical natural features as open space for parks, conservation areas, landscaping, and drainage. Mitigation Measures: 1.5.1 Update zoning regulations to include mandatory open space provisions for planned residential developments.

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1.5.2 Update zoning regulations to include maximum impervious surface standards for non-residential developments. 1.5.3 Update zoning regulations to protect hazardous slopes, thereby preventing landslides and preserving vegetation to filter runoff for water quality protection. 1.5.4 Consider open space controls for conserving sinkhole prone areas and their surroundings. 1.6

Flood Plain Management Regulations. Effectively administer and enforce local floodplain management regulations. Mitigation Measures: 1.6.1 Train local flood plain managers through programs offered through the State Flood Plain Manager and FEMA’s training center in Emmitsburg, Maryland. 1.6.2 Maintain a library of technical assistance and guidance materials to support the local flood plain manager. 1.6.3 Obtain membership for local flood plain managers in the Association of State Flood Plain Managers. 1.6.4 Promote the adoption of a uniform flood hazard prevention ordinance with higher regulatory standards that discourage flood plain development and seek to maintain the natural and beneficial functions of flood plains. 1.6.5 Develop guidelines for management of development around flood prone areas and other areas of high flood mitigation values, such as, wetlands, floodplain corridors, upland storage, closed depressional basins and areas of high filtration potential. 1.6.6 Require delineation of flood plains, floodways, and wetlands on all development plans within a flood plain. 1.6.7 Perform flood studies to determine the need for the Towns of Douglas, Grant, and Union Grove entering the NFIP. Should such studies determine the need for NFIP participation, a comprehensive Flood Insurance Study and Flood Insurance Rate Maps would be

5-16

prepared for each town. Thereafter, each town would enact a flood hazard prevention ordinance and enter the NFIP as a regular member.

1.7

Building and Technical Codes. Review local codes for effectiveness of standards to protect buildings and infrastructure from hazard damages. Mitigation Measures: 1.7.1 Promote good construction practices and proper code enforcement to eliminate most structural problems during natural hazard events. 1.7.2 Adopt the International Code Series. 1.7.3 Evaluate building code standards for roof construction to assure protection against wind damage from hurricanes, tornadoes, and windstorms; encourage installation of “hurricane clips.” 1.7.4 Encourage the repositioning of as many utility lines as possible underground. Consider local regulations to require the placement of all new utility lines underground. 1.7.5 Review fire safety ordinances for open burning and the use of liquid fuel and electric space heaters. 1.7.6 Increase enforcement of existing open burning laws. 1.7.7 Establish and enforce minimum property maintenance standards to eliminate unsafe structures.

1.8

Community Shelter and Safe Room Requirements. Ensure the protection of communities from tornadoes, hurricanes, and windstorms. Mitigation Measures: 1.8.1 Enact local ordinances to require community storm shelters within sizeable mobile home parks and subdivisions.

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1.9

Landscape Ordinances. Establish minimum standards for planting areas for trees and vegetation to reduce storm water runoff and improve urban aesthetics. Mitigation Measures: 1.9.1 Require various open space and landscaping standards for land development proposals.

1.10

Storm Water Management. Manage the impacts of land development on storm water runoff rates and to natural drainage systems. Mitigation Measures: 1.10.1 Enact and enforce a storm water management ordinance that maintains pre-development runoff rates. 1.10.2 Review subdivision regulations to be certain all hazard areas are addressed. These regulations should provide for the dispensing of runoff water to a natural drain are or to on-site storage lakes. The lakes would control the amount of runoff, allowing for a constant flow.

1.11

Dam Safety Management. Establish a comprehensive dam safety program. Mitigation Measures: 1.11.1 Maintain a comprehensive inventory of dams and failure inundation areas within GIS. 1.11.2 Promote legislation to establish a State dam safety program.

1.12

Community Rating System (CRS) Program. Initiate participation of NFIP member communities in the CRS Program. Mitigation Measures: 1.12.1 Apply for and maintain membership in the CRS Program.

2 Property Protection Goal. Protect structures and their occupants and contents from the damaging effects of natural hazards. Objectives and Mitigation Measures:

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2.1

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting. Reduce exposure of existing buildings to flood damage and establish permanent open space within acquired flood plain lands. Mitigation Measures: 2.1.1 Implement a voluntary program of flood protection and property acquisition and relocation for high-risk residences and repetitive loss properties. Survey property owners to determine interest and assess cost. Assist local units of government to identify funding sources to acquire and remove or otherwise protect existing homes in the flood plain.

2.2

Building Technical Assistance. Mitigation Measures: 2.2.1 Provide technical assistance to owners of vulnerable buildings to advise on available building retrofits to protect against natural hazards damages, including flooding, high winds, tornadoes, hurricanes, severe storms, and earthquakes.

2.3

Hazard Insurance. Maintain insurance riders for flood, sinkhole, and earthquake damages. Mitigation Measures: 2.3.1 Promote the purchase of insurance coverage by property owners and renters for flooding, sinkhole, and earthquake damages in high-risk areas.

3 Public Education and Outreach Goal. Educate and inform the public about the risks of hazards and the techniques available to reduce threats to life and property. Objectives and Mitigation Measures: 3.1

Map Information. Increase public access to Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) information. Mitigation Measures:

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3.1.1 Publicize the availability of FIRM information to real estate agents, builders, developers, and homeowners through local trade publications and newspaper announcements. 3.2

Outreach Projects. Conduct regular public events to inform the public of hazards and mitigation measures. Mitigation Measures: 3.2.1 Identify other environmental awareness events to integrate public information on hazard exposure and protection measures. 3.2.2 Host and promote educational programs for installation contractors with the help of the Home Builders Association on ways to stabilize existing and future mobile homes against straight-line and tornado force winds. 3.2.3 Continue to work with local governments to coordinate public awareness campaigns on tornado safety and preparedness in their local newspapers and government letters. 3.2.4 Educate the public to secure all loose items on decks, porches and in yards. 3.2.5 Streamline the planning process for citizens to receive flood-fighting information and provide information and assistance. 3.2.6 Develop an educational program informing citizens within the flood zone of their location and/or proximity to streams. 3.2.7 Educate citizens on viable flood protection options and methods appropriate for risk level. 3.2.8 Educate citizens on the need to keep storm drains clear of debris. 3.2.9 Develop an educational public awareness campaign informing citizens of land management and landscaping options to limit wildfire spread.

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3.2.10 Develop a fire safety, protection, and prevention outreach program for builders, developers, and the general public. 3.2.11 Encourage water conservation through public outreach programs prior to a drought event. 3.2.12 Implement and distribute “Drought Dos and Don’ts” to the general public. 3.2.13 Establish a countywide drought information center. 3.2.14 Provide emergency preparedness information and resources relative to earthquake events to the public through an active education and outreach program. 3.2.15 Provide a safety service program that informs the public of the need to plan and prepare for all hazards to reduce the impact of an earthquake disaster and aid the recovery. 3.2.16 Organize local veterinarians to educate public on handling of pets, livestock, and wild animals during disasters. 3.2.17 Expand the role of the City of Arab EMA Committee to include more mitigation and public outreach and education activities (as opposed to its present primary role as a response organization). 3.2.18 Expand the use of county and city-sponsored Web sites to disseminate hazard mitigation information. 3.3

Real Estate Disclosure. Encourage real estate agents to disclose flood plain location for property listings. Mitigation Measures: 3.3.1 Arrange with the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) to require flood plain location disclosure as a condition for each real estate listing. 3.3.2 Partner with insurance companies to disseminate flood insurance information to citizens in flood prone areas.

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3.4

Library. Use local library resources to educate the public on hazard risks and mitigation alternatives. Mitigation Measures: 3.4.1 Obtain free publications from FEMA, NWS, USGS, and other federal and state agencies and deposit these materials with local libraries. 3.4.2 Maintain local library repositories with the latest available publications.

3.5

Environmental Education. Use school resources for public education on hazards and mitigation measures. Mitigation Measures: 3.5.1 Distribute hazard mitigation brochures to area schools for distribution to students.

3.6

Media Relations. Work with media to educate the public on hazard risks and mitigation alternatives. Mitigation Measures: 3.6.1 Increase media coverage of threat and evacuation procedures during peak wildfire times of the year; distribute informational packages in high and moderate wildfire risk areas. 3.6.2 Organize drought information meetings for the public and media.

4 Natural Resources Protection Goal. Preserve and restore the beneficial functions of the natural environment to promote sustainable community development that balances the constraints of nature with the social and economic demands of the community. Objectives and Mitigation Measures: 4.1

River/Stream Corridor Restoration and Protection. Restore and protect river and stream corridors. Mitigation Measures: 4.1.1 Enforce dumping regulations.

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4.1.2 Develop projects and measures to restore streams to their natural functions to help manage floods and filter runoff. 4.1.3 Support the development of greenways and walking trails in public parks. This can be incorporated into the new subdivisions where land is suitable and available. 4.2

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs. Maintain a healthy forest that can help mitigate the damaging impacts of flooding, erosion, landslides, and wildfires. Mitigation Measures: 4.2.1 Seek technical assistance through the Alabama Cooperative Extension System with Best Management Practices (BMP) for channel and drainage system maintenance. 4.2.2 Develop a county wide tree management program to reduce the probability of damage to existing aboveground utilities from severe winter storm events that includes provisions to encourage the planting of species that are less susceptible to damage and ensures that trees are planted sufficiently far from above ground utility lines and buildings. Place a higher priority on tree trimming/maintenance along utility easements. 4.2.3 Use controlled burns to decrease the amount of fuel load in the identified moderate and high wildfire hazard areas. 4.2.4 Develop an urban tree and landscaping plan under the City of Arab Beautification Board and Tree Commission. The plan should ensure preservation of existing trees, include streetscape plans, and address maintenance of existing streetscapes.

4.3

Water Conservation. Encourage water conservation measures to mitigate the effects of droughts. Mitigation Measures: 4.3.1 Provide advice to jurisdictions on potential new sources of water during extreme drought.

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4.3.2 Encourage water suppliers to assess vulnerability of existing supply systems and share that information with local government. 4.3.3 Encourage the implementation of programs by utilities for water metering and leak detection programs. 4.4

Open Space Conservation. Conserve significant natural resources and highly vulnerable areas in permanent open space. Mitigation Measures: 4.4.1 Encourage common areas in residential subdivisions to assure permanent protection of those areas for the benefit of the public. 4.4.2 Protect wetlands by preventing unsound development that would change their natural condition.

5 Emergency Services Goal. Improve the efficiency, timing, and effectiveness of response and recovery efforts for natural hazard disasters. Objectives and Mitigation Measures: 5.1

Disaster Warning and Communications. Improve and enlarge disaster warning and communications systems. Mitigation Measures: 5.1.1 Prepare and adopt an Outdoor Warning Sirens Plan for Marshall County, including consideration of the unique geographical location, technical requirements, system types and operational procedures of each local jurisdiction. The plans should include a review of existing outdoor warning siren coverage and recommend new locations if and where there are coverage gaps. Install new warning sirens in accordance with the plan recommendations. 5.1.2 Seek solutions to and funding for upgrades to existing communication systems and forge a united agreement among county and city leaders as well as E-911 provider with regards to interoperable communications to support early tornado identification and dissemination of watches and warnings.

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5.1.3 Evaluate existing flood warning systems and needs for system upgrades and expanded coverage. 5.1.4 Install warning signs and public announcements to alert citizens in flood prone areas and on low-lying roadways of the dangers. 5.1.5 Explore options for improving the ability of local units of government to report flooding and flash flooding events, receive information, respond and request assistance. 5.1.6 Develop a comprehensive communication system (interoperability) between the County and local governments with procedure templates describing warning systems. 5.1.7 Coordinate with utilities and transportation authorities to improve rapid communications between emergency services and the private sector when basic services might be disrupted during extended periods of extreme heat and cold. 5.1.8 Develop a program for dispatchers to train in severe weather early warning and dissemination. 5.2

Public Shelters. Provide Marshall County residents with suitable public shelters near highest risk locations. Mitigation Measures: 5.2.1 Review existing public shelters and recommend new locations if and where there are coverage gaps. Include provisions for special needs populations in shelter expansion and improvement plans. 5.2.2 Work with county and city leaders in developing standardized procedures for identifying shelters as predisaster, tornado shelters, and post-disaster shelters. Develop “Memorandums of Understanding” (MOUs) with facility owners. Coordinate this measure with the American Red Cross (ARC), the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR,) and the Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH).

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5.2.3 Determine how to accommodate individuals with special needs both in the emergency operations plan for the shelter and in the design of the shelter, including compliance with the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). 5.2.4 Develop a centralized County database of all shelter facilities, both pre-disaster and post-disaster, for all jurisdictions. 5.2.5 Keep up-to-date lists of addresses with shelters to assist fire departments, emergency services agencies, and communities; coordinate the distribution of these lists to the appropriate local government officials. 5.2.6 Construct safe rooms within new public buildings, such as new schools, libraries, community centers, and other public buildings where feasible. 5.2.7 Continue program to subsidize safe room construction in existing homes. 5.2.8 Encourage the construction of safe rooms in new and existing construction. Distribute FEMA Publication 320 - Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room in Your House - through building permit and inspection offices. 5.3

Weather Spotters. Provide adequate number of trained weather spotters. Mitigation Measures: 5.3.1 Continue to offer weather spotter training courses; make training a requirement within local fire and police departments. (Note: The EMA office works closely with the NWS-WFO in Huntsville in offering Basic Storm Spotters Classes twice a year. The EMA has an established database of trained and certified basic storm spotters, which includes amateur radio operators and the general public. The EMA continues to recruit new volunteers on a regular basis to be active storm spotters under this program. The program began in 2002 and continues to expand. As of March 2004, the program had 23 trained storm spotters who are also licensed amateur radio operators. These operators are

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part of the EMA-sponsored “Marshall County Auxiliary Radio Services” (MCARS) Unit which also provides auxiliary radio capabilities as a replacement for or supplement to communication for both pre and postdisaster operations.) 5.4

Weather Radios. Promote the purchase and use of NOAA weather radios in all schools, assisted living facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, day care facilities, churches, businesses, industries, and the general public. Mitigation Measures: 5.4.1 Support the Alabama Skywarn Foundation efforts to distribute weather radios to low-income households, especially in rural areas outside of siren coverage areas. 5.4.2 Continue to promote the purchase and usage of NOAA weather radios in all schools, assisted living facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, day care facilities, churches, businesses, industries, and the general public, especially in homes with no outdoor warning siren coverage. (Note: The EMA conducts a “Storm Readiness Program.” It promotes weather radio usage during Severe Weather Awareness Week, at all storm spotter classes, and while addressing community and business groups. All schools in Marshall County have a NOAA Weather Radio in the Superintendents Office, and all schools are on the EMA’s 800 Mhz system, which allows for “Real Time” communication of impending and actual severe weather events. Early warning through the 800Mhz system continues to ensure that school officials receive as timely a warning as possible. School officials have been able to activate tornado safety procedures 2-5 minutes in advance of the NWS Office warning due to the 800 Mhz network between the NWS Office in Huntsville, the Marshall County EMA, and the school boards).

5.5

Emergency Power. Ensure emergency power capabilities during a storm event. Mitigation Measures:

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5.5.1 Purchase portable generators and deploy them as miniature sub-stations to help rapidly restore power to at-risk citizens after a severe storm event. 5.5.2 Establish back-up emergency power to all radio stations. 5.6

Damage Assessments. Improve damage assessment capabilities for emergency response following a hazard event. Mitigation Measures: 5.6.1 Initiate damage assessment training for emergency response personnel to include building inspection personnel that encompasses structural, electrical, plumbing and heating expertise, which would be invaluable in storm damage assessment. Establish a triage-like procedure for initial evaluation of structural and mechanical damage to structures caused by severe storms. 5.6.2 Establish a uniform damage reporting procedure for all jurisdictions to utilize in Marshall County with Marshall County Emergency Management Agency as the clearinghouse for damage assessment data following a severe storm event. 5.6.3 Establish a data management system to identify drought-related agricultural losses so subsidy programs can be utilized to their full advantage.

5.7

Wildfire Response Capabilities. Ensure Volunteer Fire Departments have improved capabilities for responding to and extinguishing wildfires.

Mitigation Measures: 5.7.1 Enhance and expand training and awareness of fire departments in wildfire hazard areas and provide specialized equipment for controlling and extinguishing wildfires. 5.8

Special Needs Populations. Ensure safety of senior citizens and disabled persons during hazard events. Mitigation Measures:

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5.8.1 Provide emergency preparedness information and resources for extreme temperature events through an active educational outreach program with specific plans and procedures for senior citizens and disabled persons. 5.8.2 Maintain listing of locations of special needs groups. 5.8.3 Maintain listing of locations of Alzheimer patients. 5.9

Animal Protection and Care. Ensure the protection and care of animals during hazard events. Mitigation Measures: 5.9.1 Provide emergency preparedness information and resources for the protection and care of animals during extended periods of extreme heat or cold. 5.9.2 Provide farmers with list of livestock watering locations during extreme drought. Encourage the establishment of water hauling programs for livestock during extreme drought. 5.9.3 Train emergency personnel in the proper handling and care of animals during times of disaster.

5.10

Fire Risk Minimization. Minimize fire risk during extended periods of extreme heat or cold. Mitigation Measures: 5.10.1 Evaluate the need for a unified fire advisory system to identify fire risk during extended periods of extreme heat and cold.

5.11

Cooling/Warming Centers. Ensure that the public is informed of “Cooling/Warming Centers.” Mitigation Measures: 5.11.1 Coordinate with service support groups to provide a list of “Cooling/Warming Centers” for use during extended periods of extreme heat or cold to at-risk citizens.

5.12

Emergency Equipment and Supplies. Improve emergency equipment and supplies capabilities to respond to and mitigate hazard events. 5-29

Mitigation Measures: 5.12.1 Evaluate the need for and the purchase of new snow removal equipment to include deicing machinery and chemicals and train an adequate number of operators to ensure snow removal coverage during severe winter storm events. 5.12.2 Develop and adopt winter maintenance procedures that include smart salting techniques, and applying deicing chemicals before severe winter storms happen. 5.12.3 Increase the number of pumper trucks to serve rural areas. 5.13

Emergency Response Plans. Maintain plans to effectively respond to hazard events. Mitigation Measures: 5.12.4 Continue to upgrade and enhance implementation of the Critical Response Plan developed by the City of Arab EMA. 5.12.5 Continue evaluation of the existing mutual aid system for the Marshall County region.

6 Structural Projects Goal. Apply engineered structural modifications to natural systems and public infrastructure to reduce the potentially damaging impacts of hazards, where feasible, cost effective, and environmentally suitable. Objectives and Mitigation Measures: 6.1

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications. Control flooding through structural measures, where feasible. Mitigation Measures: 6.1.1 Evaluate road elevation and culvert sizing standards for construction upgrade on all county and city roads. Investigate current roadways located in flash floodprone areas to ensure compliance with current standards for design year floods. 6.1.2 Rebuild, replace, and upgrade any and all storm drainage systems and ditches deemed inadequate to handle flash flooding events. 5-30

6.1.3 Evaluate storm sewer system, including culverts, floodwalls, channels, and ponds to determine flood control capabilities, as part of city comprehensive plan elements for natural hazards mitigation; identify projects for inclusion in the capital improvements plan. 6.2

Drainage System Maintenance. Improve maintenance programs for streams and drainage ways. Mitigation Measures: 6.2.1 Prepare and implement standard operating procedures for drainage system maintenance. Ensure storm drains and ditches are not blocked and are able to receive water in flood prone areas. 6.2.2 Encourage and actively pursue the cleaning of all ditches, streams and creeks to allow for the quick removal of excess water and disallow future flash flooding in low lying areas.

6.3

Protection of Utilities. Decrease potential damage and disruption of utility systems from hazard events. Mitigation Measures: 6.3.1 Identify aboveground utility structures that are highly vulnerable to hazards and relocate underground, if feasible.

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Chapter 6

Community Mitigation Action Programs 6.1

Purpose of the Community Mitigation Action Programs

This chapter presents the five-year mitigation action programs for each participating community and a listing of proposed priority projects to be considered for funding over the five-year planning cycle by FEMA grant programs. The mitigation action program of each jurisdiction assigns priority for implementation of each measure, lead responsibility for implementation, and the time frame for implementation. For each mitigation measure, the program goal, program objectives, hazard(s) addressed, and the possible funding sources for all measures are also noted in the tables. The overall intent of these mitigation action programs and priority projects is to reduce the effects of each hazard, with a special emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. The key to abbreviations used in the tables may be found at the end of this chapter. 6.2

Prioritization of Mitigation Actions

The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee established the process described in this section to guide its selection and prioritization of available mitigation measures to be included within each community’s mitigation action program. Plan consistency In selecting among available mitigation measures, the Planning Committee evaluated the consistency of each available mitigation measure with the long-term mitigation strategy - the vision, goals, and objectives presented in this plan. Each of the prioritized measures are intended to advance the shared vision, goals, and objectives and respond to the issues and opportunities set forth in this plan by all of the participating localities. Further, the Committee has determined that all of the mitigation measures selected for each jurisdiction’s community action program are fully consistent with established community goals and plans currently in force and with comments and concerns presented through public participation and interagency coordination efforts of this planning process. Prioritization criteria The Planning Committee prioritized the available mitigation measures and projects according to the following principal criteria: 1. Economic Considerations. a. Availability of funds. Will the measure require Federal or other outside funding sources? Are local funds available? Can in-kind services reduce local obligations? What is the projected availability of required funds during the timeframe for

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b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

implementation? Where funding is not apparently available, should the project still be considered but at a lower priority? Benefits to be derived from the proposed measure. Will the measure likely reduce dollar losses from property damages in the event of a hazard? To what degree? Costs. Are the costs reasonable in relation to the likely benefits? Do economic benefits to the community outweigh estimated project costs? What cost reduction alternatives might be available? Economic feasibility. Have the costs and benefits of the preferred measure been compared against other alternatives? What is the economic impact of the no-action alternative? Is this the most economically effective solution? Impact on local economy. Will the proposed measure improve local economic activities? What impact might the measure have on the tax base? Economic development goals. Will the proposal advance the overall economic goals and objectives of the community?

2. Social Considerations. a. Environmental justice. Will the proposed measure be socially equitable to minority, disadvantaged, and special needs populations, such as the elderly and handicapped? b. Neighborhood impact. Will the measure disrupt established neighborhoods or improve quality of life for affected neighborhoods? c. Community support. Is the measure consistent with community values? Will the affected community support the measure? d. Impact on social and cultural resources. Does the measure adversely affect valued local resources or enhance those resources? 3. Environmental Considerations. a. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Will the measure be consistent with Federal NEPA criteria? How will the measure affect environmental resources, such as land, water, air, wildlife, vegetation, historic properties, archaeological sites, etc.? Can potentially adverse impacts be sufficiently mitigated through reasonable methods? b. State and local environmental regulations. Will the measure be in compliance with State and local environmental laws, such as flood plain management regulations, water quality standards, and wetlands protection criteria? c. Environmental conservation goals. Will the proposal advance the overall environmental goals and objectives of the community?

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4. Administrative, Legal, and Political Considerations. a. Staffing. Does the jurisdiction have adequate staff resources and expertise to implement the measure? Will additional staff, training, or consultants be necessary? Can local funds support staffing demands? Will the measure overburden existing staff loads? b. Maintenance. Does the jurisdiction have the capabilities to maintain the proposed project once it is completed? Are staff, funds, and facilities available for long-term project maintenance? c. Timing. Can the measure be implemented in a timely manner? Are the timeframes for implementation reasonable? d. Legal authority. Does the jurisdiction have the legal authority to implement the measure? What are the legal consequences of taking action to implement the measure as opposed to an alternative action or taking no action? Will new legislation be required? e. Political support. Does the local governing body support the proposed measure? Does the public support the measure? Do stakeholders support the measure? What advocates might facilitate implementation of the proposal? 5. Technical Considerations. Technical feasibility. Is the proposal technically possible? Are there technical issues that remain? Does the measure effectively solve the problem or create new problems? Are there secondary impacts that might be considered? Have professional experts been consulted? Cost-benefit review Priority mitigation projects will only be implemented if the benefits are maximized and outweigh the associated costs of the proposed projects. The Planning Committee performed a general evaluation of each mitigation measure, which might require FEMA funds. The Committee weighed the estimated costs for each mitigation measure against the projected benefits to be derived. For example, a project to acquire properties within the flood plain would provide the following benefits: (1) the project eliminates flood damages to of acquired properties, (2) the project reduces flood response costs, (3) the project reduces flood insurance claims, and (4) the project could increase the Community Rating System (CRS) rating. A more detailed benefit-cost analysis will be required for each priority project to determine economic feasibility during the project planning phase.. Projects will also require a more detailed evaluation for eligibility and feasibility including social impact, environmental impact, technical feasibility and other criteria that measure project effectiveness. This detailed evaluation of projects will be performed in the pre-application phase of a grant request. Further, project implementation will be

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subject to the availability of FEMA grants and other sources of funds from year-toyear. 6.3

Available Mitigation Measures

The Mitigation Action Program tables for each community reference “Mitigation Measures” by number to the comprehensive mitigation strategies contained in section 5.9 of chapter 5. All of the available mitigation measures presented in chapter 5 are again listed in this section for ease of reference. Each Community Mitigation Action Program lists only those mitigation measures endorsed by that particular jurisdiction.

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

1.1.1

Prevention Comprehensive Maintain up-to-date comprehensive plans for all municipalities. Plans

1.1.2

Prevention Comprehensive Integrate the findings and recommendations of this plan into Plans comprehensive plan amendments for jurisdictions with active comprehensive planning programs. Update the local comprehensive plans to include a natural hazards mitigation element. Prepare a five-year capital improvements plan (CIP) to include capital projects to implement the natural hazards element.

1.1.3

Prevention Comprehensive Review and amend existing planning documents to be certain the Plans vulnerability and environmental suitability of lands for future development are clearly addressed; local plans should address the vulnerability of designated hazard areas and encourage open space planning to create amenities for recreation and conservation of fragile resources.

1.1.4

Prevention Comprehensive Review plans for lessening agricultural damage and recovery during Plans extended periods of extreme heat.

1.1.5

Prevention Comprehensive Prepare and adopt a comprehensive plan, which establishes a longPlans range program for the protection and mitigation of properties from flood damages.

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Maintain risk assessment data in GIS, including flood zones, Information tornado tracks, sinkhole threat areas, dam inundation areas, disaster Systems (GIS) events, and a comprehensive inventory of critical facilities within all jurisdictions.

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Integrate FEMA HAZUS-MH applications for hazard loss Information estimations within local GIS programs. Maintain up-to-date data Systems (GIS) within GIS to apply the full loss estimation capabilities of HAZUS.

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Document the extents of each flooding event using GIS. Information Systems (GIS)

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Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

1.2.4

Prevention

1.3.1

Prevention Detailed Studies Seek a countywide update of all FIRMs in digital format, with an emphasis on detailed studies of developed and developing areas with elevations provided and floodways delineated. Areas with potential flood mitigation values should be identified and mapped. Include detailed mapping of flash flood-prone areas. Identify areas that have unique flooding and storm related issues.

1.3.2

Prevention Detailed Studies Carry out detailed planning and engineering studies for sub-basins in critical flood hazard areas to determine watershed-wide solutions to flooding. Develop comprehensive watershed-scale storm management plans. Areas that have unique flooding and storm related issues must be considered. Multi-jurisdictional hot spots or high priority projects should be identified where watershed level solution projects could be applied.

1.3.3

Prevention Detailed Studies Conduct wildfire vulnerability assessments. Prepare a comprehensive inventory to identify high and moderate wildfire risk areas. Assess the vulnerability of critical facilities and number of residential properties in these risk areas.

1.3.4

Prevention Detailed Studies Develop a program to identify those existing mobile homes and older buildings throughout Marshall County that have the most potential for anchoring against straight-line and tornado force winds.

1.3.5

Prevention Detailed Studies Identify existing culturally or socially significant structures and critical facilities within Marshall County that have the most potential for losses from tornado events and identify needed structural upgrades.

1.4.1

Prevention

Zoning, Consider large lot size restrictions on flood-prone areas designated Subdivision, and on Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Land Development Controls

1.4.2

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

1.5.1

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

Update zoning regulations to include mandatory open space provisions for planned residential developments.

1.5.2

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

Update zoning regulations to include maximum impervious surface standards for non-residential developments.

Mitigation Measure

Geographic Work with TVA, the NWS, and the County GIS to develop detailed Information inundation mapping downstream of Guntersville and Nickajack Systems (GIS) Dams.

Evaluate additional land use restrictions within designated flood zones, such as prohibition of storage of buoyant materials, storage of hazardous materials, restrictive development of flood ways, among others.

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Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

1.5.3

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

Update zoning regulations to protect hazardous slopes, thereby preventing landslides and preserving vegetation to filter runoff for water quality protection.

1.5.4

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

Consider open space controls for conserving sinkhole prone areas and their surroundings.

1.6.1

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Train local flood plain managers through programs offered through the State Flood Plain Manager and FEMA’s training center in Emmitsburg, Maryland.

1.6.2

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Maintain a library of technical assistance and guidance materials to support the local flood plain manager.

1.6.3

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Obtain membership for local flood plain managers in the Association of State Flood Plain Managers.

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Develop guidelines for management of development around flood prone areas and other areas of high flood mitigation values, such as, wetlands, floodplain corridors, upland storage, closed depressional basins and areas of high filtration potential.

1.6.5

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Promote the adoption of a uniform flood hazard prevention ordinance with higher regulatory standards that discourage flood plain development and seek to maintain the natural and beneficial functions of flood plains.

1.6.6

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Require delineation of flood plains, floodways, and wetlands on all development plans within a flood plain.

1.6.7

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

Perform flood studies to determine the need for the Town of Douglas, Grant, and Union Grove entering the NFIP. Should such studies determine the need for NFIP participation, a comprehensive Flood Insurance Study and Flood Insurance Rate Maps would be prepared for each town. Thereafter, each town would enact a flood hazard prevention ordinance and enter the NFIP as a regular member.

1.7.1

Prevention

Building and Promote good construction practices and proper code enforcement Technical Codes to eliminate most structural problems during natural hazard events.

1.7.2

Prevention

Building and Adopt the International Code Series. Technical Codes

1.7.3

Prevention

Building and Evaluate building code standards for roof construction to assure Technical Codes protection against wind damage from hurricanes, tornadoes, and windstorms; encourage installation of “hurricane clips.”

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Encourage the repositioning of as many utility lines as possible Technical Codes underground. Consider local regulations to require the placement of all new utility lines underground.

Mitigation Measure

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Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Review fire safety ordinances for open burning and the use of liquid Technical Codes fuel and electric space heaters.

1.7.6

Prevention

Building and Increase enforcement of existing open burning laws. Technical Codes

1.7.7

Prevention

Building and Establish and enforce minimum property maintenance standards to Technical Codes eliminate unsafe structures.

1.8.1

Prevention

Community Promote the enactment of local ordinances to require community Shelter and Safe storm shelters within sizeable mobile home parks and subdivisions. Room Requirements

1.9.1

Prevention

Landscape Ordinances

Require various open space and landscaping standards for land development proposals.

1.10.1

Prevention

Storm Water Management

Enact and enforce a storm water management ordinance that maintains pre-development runoff rates for major developments.

1.10.2

Prevention

Storm Water Management

Review subdivision regulations to be certain all hazard areas are addressed. These regulations should provide for the dispensing of runoff water to a natural drain are or to on-site storage lakes. The lakes would control the amount of runoff, allowing for a constant flow.

1.11.1

Prevention

Dam Safety Management

Maintain a comprehensive inventory of dams and failure inundation areas within GIS.

1.11.2

Prevention

Dam Safety Management

Promote legislation to establish a State dam safety program.

1.12.1

Prevention

Community Apply for and maintain membership in the CRS Program. Rating System (CRS) Program

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

2.3.1

Property Hazard Insurance Promote the purchase of insurance coverage by property owners and Protection renters for flooding, sinkhole, and earthquake damages in high-risk areas.

Mitigation Measure

Implement a voluntary program of flood protection and property acquisition and relocation for high-risk residences and repetitive loss properties. Survey property owners to determine interest and assess cost. Assist local units of government to identify funding sources to acquire and remove or otherwise protect existing homes in the flood plain. Provide information and technical assistance to owners of vulnerable buildings to advise on available building retrofits to protect against natural hazards damages, including flooding, high winds, tornadoes, hurricanes, severe storms, and earthquakes.

6-7

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

3.1.1

Public Outreach Projects Publicize the availability of FIRM information to real estate agents, Education builders, developers, and homeowners through local trade and publications and newspaper announcements. Outreach

3.2.1

Public Outreach Projects Identify other environmental awareness events to integrate public Education information on hazard exposure and protection measures. and Outreach

3.2.2

Public Outreach Projects Host and promote educational programs for installation contractors Education with the help of the Home Builders Association on ways to stabilize and existing and future mobile homes against straight-line and tornado Outreach force winds.

3.2.3

Public Outreach Projects Continue to work with local governments to coordinate public Education awareness campaigns on tornado safety and preparedness in their and local newspapers and government letters. Outreach

3.2.4

Public Outreach Projects Educate the public to secure all loose items on decks, porches and in Education yards. and Outreach

3.2.5

Public Outreach Projects Streamline the planning process for citizens to receive flood-fighting Education information and provide information and assistance. and Outreach

3.2.6

Public Outreach Projects Develop an educational program informing citizens within the flood Education zone of their location and/or proximity to streams. and Outreach

3.2.7

Public Outreach Projects Educate citizens on viable flood protection options and methods Education appropriate for risk level. and Outreach

3.2.8

Public Outreach Projects Educate citizens on the need to keep storm drains clear of debris. Education and Outreach

3.2.9

Public Outreach Projects Develop an educational public awareness campaign informing Education citizens of land management and landscaping options to limit and wildfire spread. Outreach

6-8

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

3.2.10

Public Outreach Projects Develop a fire safety, protection, and prevention outreach program Education for builders, developers, and the general public. and Outreach

3.2.11

Public Outreach Projects Encourage water conservation through public outreach programs Education prior to a drought event. and Outreach

3.2.12

Public Outreach Projects Implement and distribute “Drought Dos and Don’ts” to the general Education public. and Outreach

3.2.13

Public Outreach Projects Establish a countywide drought information center. Education and Outreach

3.2.14

Public Outreach Projects Provide emergency preparedness information and resources relative Education to earthquake events to the public through an active education and and outreach program. Outreach

3.2.15

Public Outreach Projects Provide a safety service program that informs the public of the need Education to plan and prepare for all hazards to reduce the impact of an and earthquake disaster and aid the recovery. Outreach

3.2.16

Public Outreach Projects Organize local veterinarians to educate public on handling of pets, Education livestock, and wild animals during disasters. and Outreach

3.2.17

Public Outreach Projects Expand the role of the City of Arab EMA Committee to include Education more mitigation and public outreach and education activities (as and opposed to its present primary role as a response organization). Outreach

3.2.18

Public Outreach Projects Expand the use of county and city-sponsored Web sites to Education disseminate hazard mitigation information. and Outreach

3.3.1

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

Arrange with the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) to require flood plain location disclosure as a condition for each real estate listing.

6-9

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

Partner with insurance companies to disseminate flood insurance information to citizens in flood prone areas.

3.4.1

Public Education and Outreach

Library

Obtain free publications from FEMA, NWS, USGS, and other federal and state agencies and deposit these materials with local libraries.

3.4.2

Public Education and Outreach

Library

Maintain local library repositories with the latest available publications.

3.5.1

Public Education and Outreach

3.6.1

Public Media Relations Increase media coverage of threat and evacuation procedures during Education peak wildfire times of the year; distribute informational packages in and high and moderate wildfire risk areas. Outreach

3.6.2

Public Media Relations Organize drought information meetings for the public and media. Education and Outreach

4.1.1

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Enforce dumping regulations. Corridor Protection and Restoration

4.1.2

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Develop projects and measures to restore streams to their natural Corridor functions to help manage floods and filter runoff. Protection and Restoration

4.1.3

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Support the development of greenways and walking trails in public Corridor parks. This can be incorporated into the new subdivisions where Protection and land is suitable and available. Restoration

4.2.1

Natural Urban and Rural Seek technical assistance through the Alabama Cooperative Resources Forestry Programs Extension System with Best Management Practices (BMP) for Protection channel and drainage system maintenance.

Environmental Distribute hazard mitigation brochures to area schools for Education distribution to students.

6-10

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

4.2.2

Natural Urban and Rural Develop a county wide tree management program to reduce the Resources Forestry Programs probability of damage to existing above-ground utilities from severe Protection winter storm events that includes provisions to encourage the planting of species that are less susceptible to damage and ensures that trees are planted sufficiently far from above ground utility lines and buildings. Place a higher priority on tree trimming/maintenance along utility easements.

4.2.3

Natural Urban and Rural Use controlled burns to decrease the amount of fuel load in the Resources Forestry Programs identified moderate and high wildfire hazard areas. Protection

4.2.4

Natural Urban and Rural Develop an urban tree and landscaping plan under the City of Arab Resources Forestry Programs Beautification Board and Tree Commission. The plan should ensure Protection preservation of existing trees, include streetscape plans, and address maintenance of existing streetscapes.

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

Provide advice to jurisdictions on potential new sources of water during extreme drought.

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

Encourage water suppliers to assess vulnerability of existing supply systems and share that information with local government.

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

Encourage the implementation of programs by utilities for water metering and leak detection programs.

4.4.1

Natural Resources Protection

Open Space Conservation

Encourage common areas in residential subdivisions to assure permanent protection of those areas for the benefit of the public.

4.4.2

Natural Resources Protection

Open Space Conservation

Protect wetlands by preventing unsound development that would change their natural condition.

5.1.1

Emergency Disaster Warning Prepare and adopt an Outdoor Warning Sirens Plan for Marshall Services and County, including consideration of the unique geographical location, Communications technical requirements, system types and operational procedures of each local jurisdiction. The plans should include a review of existing outdoor warning siren coverage and recommend new locations if and where there are coverage gaps. Install new warning sirens in accordance with the plan recommendations.

5.1.2

Emergency Disaster Warning Seek solutions to and funding for upgrades to existing Services and communication systems and forge a united agreement among county Communications and city leaders as well as E-911 provider with regards to interoperable communications to support early tornado identification and dissemination of watches and warnings.

6-11

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

5.1.3

Emergency Disaster Warning Evaluate existing flood warning systems and needs for system Services and upgrades and expanded coverage. Communications

5.1.4

Emergency Disaster Warning Install warning signs and public announcements to alert citizens in Services and flood prone areas and on low-lying roadways of the dangers. Communications

5.1.5

Emergency Disaster Warning Explore options for improving the ability of local units of Services and government to report flooding and flash flooding events, receive Communications information, respond and request assistance.

5.1.6

Emergency Disaster Warning Develop a comprehensive communication system (interoperability) Services and between the County and local governments with procedure Communications templates describing warning systems.

5.1.7

Emergency Disaster Warning Coordinate with utilities and transportation authorities to improve Services and rapid communications between emergency services and the private Communications sector when basic services might be disrupted during extended periods of extreme heat and cold.

5.1.8

Emergency Disaster Warning Develop a program for dispatchers to train in severe weather early Services and warning and dissemination. Communications

5.2.1

Emergency Public Shelters Review existing public shelters and recommend new locations if and Services where there are coverage gaps. Include provisions for special needs populations in shelter expansion and improvement plans.

5.2.2

Emergency Public Shelters Work with county and city leaders in developing standardized Services procedures for identifying shelters as pre-disaster, tornado shelters, and post-disaster shelters. Develop “Memorandums of Understanding” (MOUs) with facility owners. Coordinate this measure with the American Red Cross (ARC), the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR,) and the Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH).

5.2.3

Emergency Public Shelters Determine how to accommodate individuals with special needs both Services in the emergency operations plan for the shelter and in the design of the shelter, including compliance with the American with Disabilities Act (ADA).

5.2.4

Emergency Public Shelters Develop a centralized County database of all shelter facilities, both Services pre-disaster and post-disaster, for all jurisdictions.

5.2.5

Emergency Public Shelters Keep up-to-date lists of addresses with shelters to assist fire Services departments, emergency services agencies, and communities; coordinate the distribution of these lists to the appropriate local government officials.

5.2.6

Emergency Public Shelters Construct safe rooms within new public buildings, such as new Services schools, libraries, community centers, and other public buildings where feasible.

6-12

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

5.2.7

Emergency Public Shelters Continue program to subsidize safe room construction in existing Services homes.

5.2.8

Emergency Public Shelters Encourage the construction of safe rooms in new and existing Services construction. Distribute FEMA Publication 320 - Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room in Your House - through building permit and inspection offices.

5.3.1

Emergency Weather Spotters Continue to offer weather spotter training courses; make training a Services requirement within local fire and police departments. (Note: The EMA office works closely with the NWS-WFO in Huntsville in offering Basic Storm Spotters Classes twice a year. The EMA has an established database of trained and certified basic storm spotters, which includes amateur radio operators and the general public. The EMA continues to recruit new volunteers on a regular basis to be active storm spotters under this program. The program began in 2002 and continues to expand. As of March 2004, the program had 23 trained storm spotters who are also licensed amateur radio operators. These operators are part of the EMA-sponsored “Marshall County Auxiliary Radio Services” (MCARS) Unit which also provides auxiliary radio capabilities as a replacement for or supplement to communication for both pre and post-disaster operations).

5.4.1

Emergency Weather Radios Support the Alabama Skywarn Foundation efforts to distribute Services weather radios to low-income households, especially in rural areas outside of siren coverage areas.

5.4.2

Emergency Weather Radios Continue to promote the purchase and usage of NOAA weather Services radios in all schools, assisted living facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, day care facilities, churches, businesses, industries, and the general public, especially in homes with no outdoor warning siren coverage. (Note: The EMA conducts a “Storm Readiness Program.” It promotes weather radio usage during Severe Weather Awareness Week, at all storm spotter classes, and while addressing community and business groups. All schools in Marshall County have a NOAA Weather Radio in the Superintendents Office, and all schools are on the EMA’s 800Mhz system, which allows for “Real Time” communication of impending and actual severe weather events. Early warning through the 800 Mhz system continues to ensure that school officials receive as timely a warning as possible. School officials have been able to activate tornado safety procedures 2-5 minutes in advance of the NWS Office warning due to the 800 Mhz network between the NWS Office in Huntsville, the Marshall County EMA, and the school boards.)

5.5.1

Emergency Emergency Power Purchase portable generators and deploy them as miniature subServices stations to help rapidly restore power to at-risk citizens after a severe storm event.

5.5.2

Emergency Emergency Power Establish back-up emergency power to all radio stations. Services

6-13

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

Initiate damage assessment training for emergency response personnel to include building inspection personnel that encompasses structural, electrical, plumbing and heating expertise, which would be invaluable in storm damage assessment. Establish a triage-like procedure for initial evaluation of structural and mechanical damage to structures caused by severe storms.

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

Establish a uniform damage reporting procedure for all jurisdictions to utilize in Marshall County with Marshall County Emergency Management Agency as the clearinghouse for damage assessment data following a severe storm event.

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

Establish a data management system to identify drought-related agricultural losses so subsidy programs can be utilized to their full advantage.

5.7.1

Emergency Wildfire Response Enhance and expand training and awareness of fire departments in Services Capabilities wildfire hazard areas and provide specialized equipment for controlling and extinguishing wildfires.

5.8.1

Emergency Special Needs Services Populations

Provide emergency preparedness information and resources for extreme temperature events through an active educational outreach program with specific plans and procedures for senior citizens and disabled persons.

5.8.2

Emergency Special Needs Services Populations

Maintain listing of locations of special needs groups.

5.8.3

Emergency Special Needs Services Populations

Maintain listing of locations of Alzheimer patients.

5.9.1

Emergency Animal Protection Provide emergency preparedness information and resources for the Services and Care protection and care of animals during extended periods of extreme heat or cold.

5.9.2

Emergency Animal Protection Provide farmers with list of livestock watering locations during Services and Care extreme drought. Encourage the establishment of water hauling programs for livestock during extreme drought.

5.9.3

Emergency Animal Protection Train emergency personnel in the proper handling and care of Services and Care animals during times of disaster.

5.10.1

Emergency Services

5.11.1

Emergency Cooling/Warming Coordinate with service support groups to provide a list of Services Centers “Cooling/Warming Centers” for use during extended periods of extreme heat or cold to at-risk citizens.

5.12.1

Emergency Emergency Evaluate the need for and the purchase of new snow removal Services Equipment and equipment to include deicing machinery and chemicals and train an Supplies adequate number of operators to ensure snow removal coverage during severe winter storm events.

Fire Risk Minimization

Mitigation Measure

Evaluate the need for a unified fire advisory system to identify fire risk during extended periods of extreme heat and cold.

6-14

Table 6-1. Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Mitigation Measure

5.12.2

Emergency Emergency Develop and adopt winter maintenance procedures that include Services Equipment and smart salting techniques, and applying deicing chemicals before Supplies severe winter storms happen.

5.12.3

Emergency Emergency Increase the number of pumper trucks to serve rural areas. Services Equipment and Supplies

5.13.1

Emergency Emergency Continue to upgrade and enhance implementation of the Critical Services Response Plans Response Plan developed by the City of Arab EMA.

5.13.2

Emergency Emergency Continue evaluation of the existing mutual aid system for the Services Response Plans Marshall County region.

6.1.1

Structural Reservoirs, Evaluate road elevation and culvert sizing standards for construction Projects Channel/Drainage, upgrade on all county and city roads. Investigate current roadways Bridge, and Road located in flash flood-prone areas to ensure compliance with current Modifications standards for design year floods.

6.1.2

Structural Reservoirs, Rebuild, replace, and upgrade any and all storm drainage system and Projects Channel/Drainage, ditches deemed inadequate to handle flash flooding events. Bridge, and Road Modifications

6.1.3

Structural Reservoirs, Evaluate storm sewer system, including culverts, floodwalls, Projects Channel/Drainage, channels, and ponds to determine flood control capabilities, as part Bridge, and Road of each city’s comprehensive plan element for natural hazards Modifications mitigation; identify projects for inclusion in the capital improvements plan.

6.2.1

Structural Drainage System Prepare and implement standard operating procedures for drainage Projects Maintenance system maintenance. Ensure storm drains and ditches are not blocked and are able to receive water in flood prone areas.

6.2.2

Structural Drainage System Encourage and actively pursue the cleaning of all ditches, streams Projects Maintenance and creeks to allow for the quick removal of excess water and disallow future flash flooding in low lying areas.

6.3.1

Structural Projects

6.4

Protection of Utilities

Identify aboveground utility structures that are highly vulnerable to hazards and relocate underground, if feasible.

GIS Support for Mitigation Planning

The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee has established a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) subcommittee to support all elements of Marshall County’s hazard mitigation planning program. The Marshall County Department of Information Technology uses the ArcGIS software published by the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). FEMA’s HAZUS®MH software supplements the County’s GIS program by adding hazard assessment capabilities. The GIS Subcommittee oversees the GIS

6-15

measures of this Plan with the support of the Marshall County Department of Information Technology. The HAZUS®MH risk assessment application analyzes potential losses from floods, hurricane winds and earthquakes. In HAZUS®MH, current scientific and engineering knowledge works with ArcGIS technology to produce estimates of hazard-related damage before, or after, a disaster occurs. HAZUS®MH takes into account various impacts of a hazard event such as:   

Physical damage: damage to residential and commercial buildings, schools, critical facilities, and infrastructure; Economic loss: lost jobs, business interruptions, repair and reconstruction costs; and Social impacts: impacts to people, including requirements for shelters and medical aid.

Additional information on HAZUS®MH is available on the FEMA web site at www.fema.gov/hazus In addition to the risk assessment features of HAZUS®MH, ArcGIS provides a range of capabilities to enhance the County’s disaster management and mitigation planning activities. The following excerpt from the ESRI web site concisely describes the value of GIS for disaster management and mitigation planning:

6-16

GIS for Disaster Management Disasters are usually spatial events (floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires, hazardous spills, public unrest, famine, epidemics, and so forth). Mapping and information acquisition is vital for disaster management. GIS supports all aspects of disaster management. Disaster planning, response, mitigation, and recovery all become more efficient through the use of GIS. Disaster Planning. Disaster planning involves predicting the risk of an event (flood, earthquake, hurricane, fire, spill, etc.) and possible impacts of the event to human life, property, and the environment. Once these factors are determined, effective planning can begin. Response requirements, protection needs (removing vegetation in the face of a wildfire, hardening bridge supports in the event of an earthquake, evacuation center developments) can be determined for areas at highest risk. This planning can be done effectively and quickly with GIS. Disaster planning can be very powerful when modeling is incorporated into GIS. Most potential disasters can be modeled. Modeling allows disaster managers to view the scope of a disaster, where the damage may be the greatest, what lives and property are at highest risk, and what response resources are required where. Immediately following a large-scale event, one of the first tasks performed is locating disaster assistance centers based on the number of people affected and the availability of shelter facilities. GIS plays a natural role in this exercise. GIS is essential to effective preparedness, communication, and training tool for disaster management. Disaster Management. Emergency disaster management requires response, incident mapping, establishing priorities, developing action plans, and implementing the plan to protect lives, property, and the environment. GIS allows disaster managers to quickly access and visually display critical information by location. This information facilitates the development of action plans that are printed or transmitted to disaster response personnel for the coordination and implementation of emergency efforts. Records Management. Record keeping is the most critical task for disaster management. Claims, status of repairs, required repair work, personnel, and so forth, can be difficult to maintain and account for. GIS facilitates record keeping and status of ongoing work. As work is completed and identified, GIS can visually display current project status. For example, damaged structures deemed unsafe for occupancy or those requiring minimal work can be appropriately coded and displayed in GIS. As status changes, information can be quickly updated and reports generated. Current status can be easily viewed and accessed through a centralized GIS interface.

6-17

Source: http://www.esri.com/industries/public_safety/disaster.html Copyright © 1995-2004 Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) All rights reserved. Published in the United States of America.

6-18

6.5

Community Mitigation Action Programs.

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

6-19

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

1.4.1

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

L

MCE

F

2009

TBD

1.4.2

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

L

MCE

F

2009

TBD

1.6.1

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

EMA

F

2006

TBD

1.6.2

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

EMA

F

2006

TBD

1.6.3

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

EXIST/OTHER

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO/TO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

1.9.1

Prevention

Landscape Ordinances

L

MCE

F/L/LS

2009

TBD

6-20

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.11.1

Prevention

Dam Safety Management

H

MCIT

DF/F

2006

EXIST/TBD

1.11.2

Prevention

Dam Safety Management

H

EMA

DF

2005

EXIST

1.12.1

Prevention

Community Rating System (CRS) Program

L

MCE

F

2009

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO/TO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

2.3.1

Property Protection

Hazard Insurance

L

EMA

F/LS/EQ

2007

EXIST

3.1.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

MCE

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

6-21

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

6-22

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.2.16

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

3.2.18

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.4.1

Public Education and Outreach

Library

M

EMA

ALL

2005

EXIST

3.4.2

Public Education and Outreach

Library

M

EMA

ALL

O

TBD

3.5.1

Public Education and Outreach

Environmental Education

L

EMA

ALL

2006

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

6-23

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

4.1.1

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

M

TVA/COE

F

O

TBD

4.2.1

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

6-24

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.1.8

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F/T/SS/ H

2006

TBD

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

6-25

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.2.6

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

TBD

5.2.7

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2004

TBD

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

T/SS/H

O

AEMA

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.1

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.5.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

6-26

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

Fire Depts. / EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.8.2

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

H

EMA

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.8.3

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

H

EMA

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

6-27

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-2. Marshall County Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

5.13.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Response Plans

M

EMA

ALL

2006

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-28

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.1

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

BO

ALL

2005

TBD

1.1.2

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

BO

ALL

2005

TBD

1.1.3

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

M

BO

ALL

2005

TBD

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

6-29

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.7.3

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

1.10.2

Prevention

Storm Water Management

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

6-30

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.1.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

BO

F

2006

TBD

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

6-31

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.3.1

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

BO

F

2007

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

4.1.1

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

6-32

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

4.1.2

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

4.4.1

Natural Resources Protection

Open Space Conservation

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

4.4.2

Natural Resources Protection

Open Space Conservation

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

6-33

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

6-34

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

Fire Depts. / EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

6-35

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-3. City of Albertville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-36

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.1

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

CP

ALL

2005

NEW

1.1.2

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

CP

ALL

2005

NEW

1.1.3

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

CP

ALL

2005

NEW

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA/CP

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

6-37

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.2

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

CP

F

2005

TBD

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA/BO

T

2005

EXIST

1.4.1

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

M

CP

F

2006

EXIST

1.4.2

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

M

CP

F

2006

EXIST

1.5.1

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

M

CP

F

2006

EXIST

1.5.2

Prevention

Open Space Preservation

M

CP

F

2006

EXIST

1.6.1

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

CP

F

2005

TBD

1.6.2

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

CP

F

2005

TBD

6-38

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.6.3

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

CP

F

2005

TBD

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE/CP

F

2006

TBD

1.6.5

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

CP/MCE

F

2005

TBD

1.6.6

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

CP

F

2006

TBD

1.7.1

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

M

BO

ALL

2005

EXIST

1.7.2

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

L

BO

ALL

O

EXIST

1.7.3

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

L

BO

T/SS/H

O

EXIST

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

CP

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS./BO

WF

0/2004

EXIST

1.7.6

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

L

FIRE DEPT.

WF

O

EXIST

6-39

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.7.7

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO

ALL

O

EXIST

1.9.1

Prevention

Landscape Ordinances

M

CP

F

O

EXIST

1.10.1

Prevention

Storm Water Management

H

CP

F

O

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

2.3.1

Property Protection

Hazard Insurance

L

BO

F/EQ/LS

2006

EXIST

3.1.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

CP

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA/BO

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

6-40

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA/CP

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

6-41

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.2.17

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

CP

ALL

2005

TBD

3.2.18

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

CP

ALL

2005

TBD

3.4.1

Public Education and Outreach

Library

L

CP

ALL

2005

TBD

3.4.2

Public Education and Outreach

Library

L

CP

ALL

2005

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

4.1.1

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

H

CP

F

2006

EXIST

4.2.1

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CP

F

2006

TBD

6-42

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.2.4

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CP

F

2006

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA/ Arab Water

DH

O

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA/ Arab Water

DH

O

EXIST

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

6-43

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA/CP

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA/CP

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.6

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

CP

T/SS/H

O

EXIST

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

BO

T/SS/H

O

EXIST

6-44

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA/BO

ALL

O

EXIST

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

Fire Depts. / EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

6-45

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

TBD

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE/CP

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

5.13.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Response Plans

M

CP

ALL

O

EXIST

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

CP

F

O

EXIST

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

M

CP

F

2007

TBD

6.1.3

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

M

CP

F

2006

TBD

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CP

F

2006

TBD

6-46

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-4. City of Arab Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CP

F

2005

TBD

6.3.1

Structural Projects

Protection of Utilities

H

CP

T/SS/H

2005

TBD

6-47

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.1

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

PC

ALL

O/2005

TBD

1.1.2

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

M

PC

ALL

O/2005

TBD

1.1.3

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

M

PC

ALL

O/2005

TBD

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.1.5

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

M

PC

ALL

O/2005

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

6-48

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

1.3.2

Prevention

Detailed Studies

TBD

TBD

F

TBD

TBD

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

1.4.2

Prevention

Zoning, Subdivision, and Land Development Controls

M

BO

F

O/2005

EXIST

1.6.2

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

BO

F

O/2005

EXIST

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.6.5

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

BO

F

O/2005

TBD

1.7.1

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

TBD

BO

ALL

TBD

TBD

6-49

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.7.2

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

M

BO

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

1.7.3

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

M

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

EXIST

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

1.8.1

Prevention

Community Shelter and Safe Room Requirements

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

EXIST

1.9.1

Prevention

Landscape Ordinances

M

BO

F

O/2005

EXIST

1.10.1

Prevention

Storm Water Management

M

BO

F

O/2005

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

3.1.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

TBD

BO

F

TBD

TBD

6-50

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

BO

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

6-51

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.4.1

Public Education and Outreach

Library

M

BO

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

3.4.2

Public Education and Outreach

Library

M

BO

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

3.5.1

Public Education and Outreach

Environmental Education

M

BO

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

6-52

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

4.1.3

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

L

TBD

F

O/2005

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

6-53

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.6

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

HMGP

6-54

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.2.7

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

B0

T/SS/H

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

EXIST

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

Fire Depts. / EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

6-55

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-56

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-5. City of Boaz Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

6-57

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source CS

F

2005

EXIST

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

6-58

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.6.7

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

EMA/MCE

F

2005

NFIP

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

TO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

2.3.1

Property Protection

Hazard Insurance

L

TO

F/EQ/LS

2006

EXIST

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA/TO

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA/TO

H

O/2005

EXIST

6-59

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

6-60

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.5.1

Public Education and Outreach

Environmental Education

L

EMA/TO

ALL

2006

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA/TO

DH

2006

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC/TO

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

6-61

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA/TO

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA/TO

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

6-62

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

TO

T/SS/H

2004

EXIST

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

6-63

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6-64

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-6. Town of Douglas Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-65

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

6-66

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.6.7

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

EMA/MCE

F

2005

NFIP

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

TO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/TO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

6-67

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

6-68

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

6-69

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

6-70

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

TO

T/SS/H

2004

EXIST

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

6-71

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-7. Town of Grant Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-72

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

6-73

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.1

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

PC

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

1.1.2

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

PC

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

1.1.3

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

PC

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

6-74

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.7.1

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

M

BO

ALL

2005

EXIST

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

1.10.1

Prevention

Storm Water Management

L

PC

F

2006

TBD

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/BO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

6-75

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

2.3.1

Property Protection

Hazard Insurance

L

BO

F/EQ/LS

2005

EXIST

3.1.1

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

BO

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

6-76

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.4.1

Public Education and Outreach

Library

L

BO

F

TBD

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

6-77

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

Natural Resources Protection

River/Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration

M

BO

F

2005

EXIST

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

4.1.1

6-78

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

L

BO

T/SS/H

O/2005

EXIST

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

6-79

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

Fire Depts. / EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

6-80

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-8. City of Guntersville Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE/CE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE/CE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS/CE

F

2005

EXIST

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-81

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.1.2

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

H

TO

ALL

2007

EXIST/TBD

1.1.4

Prevention

Comprehensive Plans

L

EMA

DH/WC

2006

TBD

1.2.1

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

ALL

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.2

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F/H/EQ

O/2005

EXIST/TBD

1.2.3

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

F

O

EXIST

1.2.4

Prevention

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

H

MCIT

DF/F

O/2006

EXIST/TBD

1.3.1

Prevention

Detailed Studies

H

MCIT

F

2006

NFIP

1.3.3

Prevention

Detailed Studies

L

EMA

WF

2007

HMGP

1.3.4

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

TBD

6-82

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

1.3.5

Prevention

Detailed Studies

M

EMA

T

2005

EXIST

1.6.4

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

M

MCE

F

2006

TBD

1.6.7

Prevention

Flood Plain Management Regulations

H

EMA/MCE

F

2005

NFIP

1.7.4

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

TO

T/SS/H

O/2005

TBD

1.7.5

Prevention

Building and Technical Codes

H

FIRE DEPTS.

WF

0/2004

EXIST

2.1.1

Property Protection

Building Acquisition, Relocation, Elevation, and Retrofitting

L

FM

F

2007

TBD

2.2.1

Property Protection

Building Technical Assistance

L

EMA/TO

ALL

O/2005

TBD

3.2.2

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T/SS/H

2005

EXIST

3.2.3

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

T

O/2005

EXIST

3.2.4

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

H

O/2005

EXIST

6-83

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.5

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

3.2.6

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

F

2008

EXIST

3.2.7

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

M

EMA

F

2005

EXIST

3.2.8

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

F/SS

2005

EXIST

3.2.9

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

H

EMA

WF

2005

EXIST

3.2.10

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

WF

2008

EXIST

3.2.11

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

2007

EXIST

3.2.12

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.13

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

DH

O

EXIST

3.2.14

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

EXIST

6-84

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

3.2.15

Public Education and Outreach

Outreach Projects

L

EMA

EQ

2006

TBD

3.3.2

Public Education and Outreach

Real Estate Disclosure

M

EMA

F

2005

TBD

3.6.1

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

3.6.2

Public Education and Outreach

Media Relations

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

4.2.2

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

CS

T/SS/H

2008

TBD

4.2.3

Natural Resources Protection

Urban and Rural Forestry Programs

M

AFC

WF

2007

TBD

4.3.1

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

L

EMA

DH

2007

TBD

4.3.2

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

H

EMA

DH

2005

EXIST

4.3.3

Natural Resources Protection

Water Conservation

M

EMA

DH

O/2005

TBD

5.1.1

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

6-85

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.1.2

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

EQ

2005

TBD

5.1.3

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

MCIT

F

2005

EXIST

5.1.4

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.5

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

F

2006

EXIST

5.1.6

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.1.7

Emergency Services

Disaster Warning and Communications

M

EMA

DH/WC

2006

EXIST

5.2.1

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O

AEMA

5.2.2

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

O/2005

EXIST

5.2.3

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.4

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

MCIT

ALL

2005

EXIST

6-86

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.2.5

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

EMA

ALL

2006

EXIST

5.2.8

Emergency Services

Public Shelters

H

TO

T/SS/H

2004

EXIST

5.3.1

Emergency Services

Weather Spotters

H

EMA

T/SS

O/2005

EXIST

5.4.2

Emergency Services

Weather Radios

H

EMA

ALL

O

EXIST

5.5.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Power

H

EMA

SS

2005

TBD

5.6.1

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

M

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.2

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

H

EMA

ALL

2005

TBD

5.6.3

Emergency Services

Damage Assessments

L

MCIT

DH

2007

TBD

5.7.1

Emergency Services

Wildfire Response Capabilities

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.8.1

Emergency Services

Special Needs Populations

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

6-87

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

5.9.1

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

M

EMA

DH/WC

2005

EXIST

5.9.2

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

DH

2006

TBD

5.9.3

Emergency Services

Animal Protection and Care

L

EMA

ALL

2007

TBD

5.10.1

Emergency Services

Fire Risk Minimization

M

EMA

WF

2006

TBD

5.11.1

Emergency Services

Cooling/Warming Centers

H

EMA

DH/WC

2005

TBD

5.12.1

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

MCE

WC

2006

TBD

5.12.2

Emergency Services

Emergency Equipment and Supplies

L

CS

WC

2007

TBD

6.1.1

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.1.2

Structural Projects

Reservoirs, Channel/Drainage, Bridge, and Road Modifications

L

MCE

F

2009

HMGP

6.2.1

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

CS

F

2005

EXIST

6-88

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source

Table 6-9. Town of Union Grove Mitigation Action Program Note: Mitigation Measures shown in italics are multi-jurisdictional measures that involve collaborative efforts among all localities. Mitigation Measure #

Goal

Program Objective

Priority

6.2.2

Structural Projects

Drainage System Maintenance

H

6-89

Lead Possible Funding Hazard(s) Timeline Responsibility Source CS

F

2005

EXIST

6.6

Priority Projects for FEMA Funding

Table 6-10. Priority Projects for FEMA Funding Project Description Purchase and installation of reverse 911 system – immediate phone notification warning and information dispatch to all residents. Purchase and installation of flood monitoring/warning system on high risk streams and Guntersville Lake Purchase and installation of outdoor warning sirens near flood plains and dam/levee. Update of municipal comprehensive plans to include natural hazards element and capital improvements plans. Purchase of NOAA weather radios for critical facilities and high-risk populations. HAZUS-MH setup, installation, training, and application development. Prepare countywide update of all Flood Insurance Rate Maps and Studies in digital format (DFIRM), include detailed inundation mapping downstream of Guntersville and Nickajack Dams. Carry out detailed planning and engineering studies for sub-basins in critical flood hazard areas to determine watershed-wide solutions to flooding.

Hazard(s) Addressed

Jurisdiction(s) Responsibility

Estimated Cost

ALL

ALL

EMA

$200K

F/DF

ALL

EMA, USGS, NWS

$150K

F/DF

ALL

EMA

$300K

ALL

AL, AR, BZ, GR, GV, UG

PC

$200K

ALL

ALL

EMA

$20K

F/EQ/H

ALL

MCIT, EMA

$15K

F/DF

ALL

MCE, EMA

TBD

F

ALL

MCE

TBD

6-90

Table 6-10. Priority Projects for FEMA Funding Project Description Conduct wildfire vulnerability assessments. Prepare a comprehensive inventory to identify high and moderate wildfire risk areas. Assess the vulnerability of critical facilities and number of residential properties in these risk areas. Identify existing culturally or socially significant structures and critical facilities within Marshall County that have the most potential for losses from tornado events and identify needed structural upgrades. Train local flood plain managers through programs offered through the State Flood Plain Manager and FEMA’s training center in Emmitsburg, Maryland. Perform flood studies to determine the need for the Town of Douglas, Grant, and Union Grove entering the NFIP. Should such studies determine the need for NFIP participation, a comprehensive Flood Insurance Study and Flood Insurance Rate Maps would be prepared for each town. Secure professional engineers and architects to develop best design and construction standards for seismic events. Maintain a comprehensive inventory of dams and failure inundation areas within GIS.

Hazard(s) Addressed

Jurisdiction(s) Responsibility

Estimated Cost

WF

ALL

EMA, AFC

TBD

T

ALL

EMA

TBD

F

ALL

FP

TBD

F

DG, GR, UG

EMA

TBD

EQ

ALL

MCE, EMA

TBD

DF

ALL

MCIT, EMA

TBD

6-91

Table 6-10. Priority Projects for FEMA Funding Project Description Implement a voluntary program of flood protection and property acquisition and relocation for high-risk residences and repetitive loss properties. Survey property owners to determine interest and assess cost. Assist local units of government to identify funding sources to acquire and remove or otherwise protect existing homes in the flood plain. Expand the use of county and city-sponsored Web sites to disseminate hazard mitigation information. Develop projects and measures to restore streams to their natural functions to help manage floods and filter runoff. Prepare and adopt an Outdoor Warning Sirens Plan for Marshall County, including consideration of the unique geographical location, technical requirements, system types and operational procedures of each local jurisdiction. The plans should include a review of existing outdoor warning siren coverage and recommend new locations if and where there are coverage gaps. Install new warning sirens in accordance with the plan recommendations. Seek solutions to and funding for upgrades to existing communication systems. Construct safe rooms within new public buildings, such as new schools, libraries, community centers, and other public buildings where feasible.

Hazard(s) Addressed

Jurisdiction(s) Responsibility

Estimated Cost

F

ALL

MCE, EMA, FP

TBD

ALL

ALL

MCIT, EMA

TBD

F

ALL

MCE, CE

TBD

ALL

ALL

EMA

TBD

ALL

ALL

EMA

TBD

T/SS/H

ALL

EMA

TBD

6-92

Table 6-10. Priority Projects for FEMA Funding Project Description Continue program to subsidize safe room construction in existing homes. Rebuild, replace, and upgrade any and all storm drainage system and ditches deemed inadequate to handle flash flooding events. Evaluate storm sewer system, including culverts, floodwalls, channels, and ponds to determine flood control capabilities. Identify aboveground utility structures that are highly vulnerable to hazards and relocate underground, if feasible.

Hazard(s) Addressed

Jurisdiction(s) Responsibility

Estimated Cost

T/SS/H

ALL

EMA

TBD

F

ALL

MCE, CE

TBD

F

ALL

MCE, CE

TBD

ALL

ALL

MCE, EMA

TBD

6-93

Key to Abbreviations Used in Tables 6-2 through 6-10 Priority H High M Medium L Low TBD Priority to be Determined Hazards F Flood T Tornado SS Severe Storm EQ Earthquake H Hurricane L Landslide LS Land Subsidence/Sinkhole DH Drought/Heat Wave/Extreme Heat WC Winter Storm/Extreme Cold WF Wildfire DF Dam Failure ALL All hazards Responsible Party EMA Marshall County EMA MCE Marshall Co. Engineer MCIT Marshall Co. Dept. of Info. Technologies CS County Shops FM Local Flood Plain Manager BO/TO Local Building Official or Town Official CE City Engineer CP City Planner PC Planning Commission AFC Alabama Forestry Commission TVA Tennessee Valley Authority COE Corps of Engineers TBD Responsible Party to be Determined Timeline 200x Target Year for Implementation O Ongoing O/200x Ongoing After Year 200x TBD Timeline to be Determined Funding HMGP FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program PDM FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program FMA FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program NFIP National Flood Insurance Program EXIST Existing Local Funds NEW New Local Funds COE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers AEMA Alabama Emergency Management Agency OTHER Other FEMA or AEMA funding program TBD Funding to be Determined Jurisdictions ALL All Jurisdictions MC Marshall County AL AR Arab BZ DG Douglas GR GV Guntersville UG

6-94

Albertville Boaz Grant Union Grove

Chapter 7

Plan Maintenance 7.1

The Planning Cycle

This chapter presents a continuous cycle for monitoring, evaluating and updating the plan; the process for incorporating mitigation strategies into other, ongoing planning activities; and methods for continuing public involvement. Continual plan maintenance ensures that the plan remains an active and relevant document in the community, continuing to foster interest and knowledge regarding natural hazard mitigation. 7.2

Plan Maintenance Procedures

The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee oversees plan maintenance during the five-year framework of the Community Mitigation Action Programs (Chapter 6). The EMA staff serves as the Committee’s facilitator, responsible for holding regularly-scheduled meetings, assigning specific tasks necessary to monitor and update the plan, reporting progress to Committee members, and serving as the Committee’s liaison with those assigned implementation responsibilities in the Action Program. The facilitator also serves as the Committee’s liaison with participating municipalities and the County Commission. The committee is open for new members throughout the year. Anyone interested in joining the committee may contact the EMA Director or a member of their governing body for consideration. The Planning Committee approves new committee members. The Committee convenes annually to perform the following duties:    

Evaluate the effectiveness of previously implemented mitigation actions; Explain why any actions are not completed or behind schedule; Address changing land use patterns and new developments; and Identify any changes in risk assessment and/or risk vulnerability.

The facilitator will schedule the annual meeting at a time and location convenient to all Committee members. All annual meetings will be advertised in the local newspaper and be open to the public. In the event modifications to the plan are warranted as a result of the annual review or other conditions, the Committee will oversee and approve all revisions to the plan. The Committee may determine that the plan requires an update or revision that is earlier than the five year planning cycle. In that case, the Marshall County EMA will publicly announce that this Plan is under revision. If a plan update is deemed necessary, the Committee will be responsible for establishing a work program, budget, and time frame for updating the plan. Conditions which might warrant revisions to this plan would include, but not be limited to, special opportunities for funding and/or response to a natural disaster. Before any revisions are submitted to the jurisdictions for adoption, a notice will be placed in the local newspaper, allowing an opportunity for the public to review the proposed amendments at the EMA offices, submit written comments, and present comments at a public meeting. The 7-1

Committee will then submit all revisions for adoption by jurisdictions affected by the changes. Those jurisdictions will hold a public hearing before adoption of the amendments. A copy of the plan revisions will be submitted to all holders of the original plan in a timely manner. At the end of the five-year cycle of the Action Program, the Committee will oversee a major update to the plan that follows the federal planning criteria in effect at the time of the update. The updated plan will again be submitted to the AEMA and FEMA for approval. 7.3

Ongoing Monitoring and Review.

The Committee’s ongoing review process throughout the year should continually monitor the current status of the mitigation measures scheduled for implementation. Ongoing status reports of each jurisdiction’s progress will be reviewed by the Committee and should include the following information: 

Actions that have been undertaken to implement the scheduled mitigation measure, such as, obtaining funding, permits, approvals or other resources to begin implementation.  Mitigation measures that have been completed, including public involvement activities.  Revisions to the priority, timeline, responsibility, or funding source of a measure and cause for such revisions or additional information or analysis that has been developed that would modify the mitigation measure assignment as initially adopted in the plan.  Measures that a jurisdiction no longer intends to implement and justification for cancellation. The ongoing review process may require adjustments to the selection of mitigation measures, priorities, timelines, lead responsibilities, and funding sources scheduled in the Community Actions Programs. All such adjustments should be approved by the Committee at its annual meeting and forwarded to the affected jurisdiction for adoption by resolution of its governing body, as described in Section 7.2 of this chapter. To aid in the review process, the Committee will use the worksheets recommended in the FEMA publication, State and Local Mitigation Planning How-to-Guide: Bringing the Plan to Life. The Planning Committee may establish and adopt more specific rules and procedures for updates, modifications, or amendments that supplement the procedures described in this chapter. 7.4

Assessment After a Significant Disaster Event

Within sixty days following a significant disaster or an emergency event having a substantial impact on a portion of or the entire Marshall County area, the Planning Committee will conduct or oversee an analysis of the event to evaluate the effects of the event on this Plan. The assessment should evaluate direct and indirect damages, response and recovery costs, and the type and extents of the damages. The findings of the assessment

7-2

should determine any new mitigation initiatives that should be incorporated into this Plan to avoid similar losses from future hazard events. The results of the assessment will be provided to those affected jurisdictions for their review and to provide information to be used when considering new mitigation initiatives during the next plan update period. 7.5

Subcommittee Oversight of Plan Implementation

The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee has established seven subcommittees to oversee and monitor the implementation of mitigation measures. These subcommittees meet periodically and report their activities and recommendations to the at-large Committee. The subcommittees have been organized around the six elements of the mitigation-planning program, except GIS, which has been organized as a separate subcommittee with activities that support all six elements of the program. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee is organized into seven subcommittees with the program oversights described below:  Prevention Subcommittee. Oversees mitigation measures related to adopting and administering ordinances, regulations, and programs that manage the development of land and buildings to minimize risks of loss due to natural hazards.  Property Protection. Oversees mitigation measures related to protecting structures and their occupants and contents from the damaging effects of natural hazard occurrences.  Public Education and Outreach. Oversees mitigation measures related to educating and informing the public about the risks of hazards and the techniques available to reduce threats to life and property.  Natural Resources Protection. Oversees mitigation measures related to preserving and restoring the beneficial functions of the natural environment to promote sustainable community development that balances the constraints of nature with the social and economic demands of the community.  Emergency Services. Oversees mitigation measures related to responding to and recovering from a natural hazard disaster.  Structural Projects. Oversees mitigation measures related to engineering structural modifications to natural systems and public infrastructure to reduce the potentially damaging impacts of a hazard on a community.  GIS. Oversees GIS, mapping, and data management support to the mitigation activities of all other subcommittees.

7.6

Implementation Through Existing Programs

This Plan supplements the Marshall County Emergency Operations Plan, which is administered through the Emergency Management Agency office. Further, each governmental entity will be responsible for implementation of their individual mitigation

7-3

action programs based on funding availability, capabilities, and priorities. Because the Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan, the mechanism for implementation of the various mitigation measures through existing programs may vary by jurisdiction. Each jurisdiction’s unique needs and capacities for implementation are reflected in its respective mitigation action program. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee recognizes the importance of fully integrating natural hazards mitigation planning and implementation into existing local plans and related programs. This Plan is intended to influence each jurisdiction’s planning decisions concerning land use, development, public facilities, and infrastructure. Any updates, revisions, or amendments to the Marshall County Emergency Operations Plan, local comprehensive plans, capital improvement budgets or plans, zoning ordinances and maps, subdivision regulations, building and technical codes, and related development controls should be consistent with the goals, objectives, and mitigation measures adopted in this plan. Each jurisdiction’s commitment to this consistency is reflected in its respective mitigation action program. Natural hazards mitigation planning should likewise be integrated into existing emergency preparedness and public information activities. Ongoing public education programs should stress the importance of managing and mitigating natural hazards risks. Public information handouts and brochures for emergency preparedness should emphasize natural hazards mitigation information, where appropriate. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, as well as all of the entities that participated in this Plan, support continued public involvement and education. The Marshall County EMA commits to continually integrate natural hazards mitigation planning into its comprehensive emergency operations planning program and associated public education efforts to the furthest possible extent. 7.7

Continued Public Involvement

A critical part of maintaining an effective and relevant natural hazards mitigation plan is ongoing public review and comment. Consequently, the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee is dedicated to direct involvement of its citizens in providing feedback and comments on the plan throughout the five-year implementation cycle and interim reviews. To this end, copies of the Marshall County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan will be maintained in the offices of the Marshall County EMA and the principal offices of all of the jurisdictions that participated in the planning process. Copies of the plan will also be available at public libraries throughout Marshall County. After adoption, a public information notice in the local newspaper will inform the public that the plan may be viewed at these offices. In addition, the Marshall County Emergency Management Agency website at http://www.marshallema.org contains a link to an on-line copy of the plan. An e-mail address and phone number for receiving comments is also listed.

7-4

Public meetings will be held when significant modifications to the plan are required or when otherwise deemed necessary by the Hazard Mitigation Committee. The public will be able to express their concerns, ideas and opinions at the meetings. At a minimum, public hearings will be held during the annual and five-year plan updates and to present the final plan and amendments to the plan to the public before adoption. 7.8

Ongoing Planning Needs

This Marshall County, Alabama, Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan establishes a new planning program for the County and its participating municipalities. However, planning does not end with the adoption of this initial plan. This planning program is a continuous process of profiling new hazard events; assessing vulnerabilities as new information arises and conditions change; monitoring changing assets and affected populations; and keeping current on evolving mitigation measures. Moreover, the hazard profiles, vulnerability assessments, population characteristics, and inventories of critical facilities of this current plan were based on “best available data.” “Best available data” are data that are readily available within the very brief plan development time period. This plan recognizes the limitations of such an approach to risk assessment and strategic planning. Improvements to the “best available data” can be made to better assess the risks and target mitigation strategies that best respond to the hazard issues within the County. Therefore, it is the intent of the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee to establish an ongoing planning program, one that will respond to changing conditions and demands, strengthen the risk assessment process as better and more complete information is developed, and revise the mitigation strategies as more effective measures evolve and capabilities for implementation increase.

7-5

MARSHALL COUNTY EMA Marshall County Natural Hazards Mitigation Planning Documentation Index 4/21/04 Book /Ref. # 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4A 4A 4A

4B 4B

4B

Document Description Grant Information/LEHE Proposal Statement of Request to Serve on MC NHMPC Agenda/Sign-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 1st NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Report from 1st NHMPC Meeting Memo Request for Comments from MPC on the Draft Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan 1st Draft of MC NHMP – CD Agenda, Sign-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 2nd NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Report from 2nd NHMPC Meeting Implications of not meeting Nov 1st, 2004 Deadline Susan McKenney Transmission of Plan to NHMPC Members Conecuh County Chapter 5 Example Sign-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 3rd NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Report from 3rd NHMPC Meeting Marshall County NHMPC Work Sheet Exercise – Problem Statements, Goals, Objectives and Action Items General Fax Cover Sheets & E-mails concerning updates & information on plan Alphabetical Listing of the consumer-owned electric utilities in the North Alabama Region of the Tennessee Valley Marshall County RSVP Information on Water Quality Monitoring Team Volunteers for the

Document Type Memo Memo General

Responsible Agent MCEMA MCEMA MCEMA

Location

Date

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

01/21/04 01/21/04

Memo

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

Memo

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

01/21/04 01/26/04 01/26/04

CD General

MCEMA MCEMA

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

01/19/04 02/18/04

Memo

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/21/04

Publication

Dan Isley

MCEMA/Office

02/06/04

EMAIL

Susan McKenney

MCEMA/Office

02/20/04

Document General

LEHE Planning MCEMA

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

02/19/04 02/27/04

Memo

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/01/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/27/04

Documents

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/27/04

Publication

Energy Right

MCEMA/Office

02/28/04

Publication

Marshall County RSVP

MCEMA/Office

02/28/04

Book /Ref. # 4B 4B 4B 5 5

5 5

5 5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 AA

Document Description Guntersville Watershed Chapter 2 Changes and Modifications Summary: Severe Thunderstorm Event Boaz August 20, 2002 @ 3:05 PM Summary: F-1 Tornado Pleasant Grove Community 29 March 2002 Agenda/Sign-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 4th NHMPC Meeting Marshall County NHMPC Work Sheet Exercise 2nd Draft – Problem Statements, Goals, Objectives and Action Items Public Hearing Notice Announcement for Public Hearing on 3/17/04 @ Courthouse Public Hearing Notice Announcement for Public Hearing on 3/17/04 @ Courthouse Sheriff’s Office/Post Office’s/Libraries Minutes & Progress Reports from 4th NHMPC Meeting Agenda/Sing-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 5th NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Reports from 5th NHMPC Meeting Sign In Sheet from Public Hearing Held at Courthouse on 3/17/04 Sign In Sheet from Marshall County Commission Meeting/Public Review of Mitigation Plan on 03/22/04 Agenda/Sing-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 6th NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Reports from 6th NHMPC Meeting Arab General E-Mail’s on Updates etc. Alabama Severe Weather Awareness Week 2004 General Hazard Mitigation Information Agenda/Sing-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 7th NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Report from 7th NHMPC Meeting Agenda/Sing-in-Sheet/Handout Material from 8th NHMPC Meeting Minutes & Progress Report from 8th NHMPC Meeting Public Survey’s Returned by the Public

Document Type

Responsible Agent

Location

Date

Documents

MCEMA/Office

2004

Document

Marshall Co. EMA MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/28/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/28/04

General

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/09/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/10/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/04/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/10/04

MEMO

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/13/04

General

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/17/04

MEMO

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/19/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/17/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/22/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/25/04

MEMO

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

03/26/04

MEMO General Publication s Publication s Document

City of Arab MCEMA NWS/AEMA

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

03/16/04 March 04 03/24/04

Various

MCEMA/Office

03/24/04

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

04/01/04

MEMO

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

04/2/04

Document

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

04/15/04

MEMO

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

04/16/04

Survey

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

4/21/04

2

Book /Ref. # AB AB AB AB AB AB AB

AB 8 8 8 8

8 8

8 8

8 8 8 8 8

Document Description 2003 Alabama Insurance Report National Weather Service- Huntsville WFO Climatological Data for Marshall County Alabama Forestry Commission 2002-2003 Annual Report State of Alabama Hazard Mitigation Plans 09/1994 & 09/1998 General Notes/Correspondence (Anita’s) Marshall County Pre-Post Disaster Shelter Information & Special Needs Facilities Marshall County LEPC Operating Rules/Guidelines, EAC, LEPC Handbook (Draft) General Research Documents City of Albertville Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals City of Albertville City Wide Pre-Disaster Storm Shelters and Past NHM Projects City of Arab Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals City of Arab Past NHM Projects; Pre-Shelter Locations in Arab; Copy of Comprehensive Plan; Copy of Critical Incident Management Plan; Photo of Land Use Map sent to LEHE City of Boaz Chapter 5/Exercse 5 Submittals City of Boaz Past NHM Projects; Weather Siren Locations; EOC for City; Pre-Storm Shelter Locations; Copy of Critical Incident Management Plan; Marshall-DeKalb Electric Statement; Photo of Land use Map was sent to LEHE City of Guntersville Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals City of Guntersville Past NHM Projects; Photo of Land use Map was sent to LEHE Reference Documents: Jefferson County/Conecuh County Town of Union Grove Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals Town of Douglas Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals Town of Grant Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals Town of Grant

Document Type Publication Analysis Publication Plan

Responsible Agent AL. Dept. of Insurance NWS-HWFO

Location

Date

MCEMA/Office

2003

MCEMA/Office

02/02/04

Alabama Forestry MCEMA/Office Commission AEMA MCEMA/Office

10/01/03

Anita McBurnett MCEMA

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

1994 1998 2004 02/2704

MCEMA

MCEMA/Office

02/01/04

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

04/22/04 2004

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

Anita McBurnett City of Albertville City of Albertville City of Arab

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

City of Arab

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

City of Boaz

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

City of Boaz

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

City of Guntersville City of Guntersville

MCEMA/Office

2004

MCEMA/Office

2004

Plans

LEHE

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

Town of Union Grove Town of Douglas

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

Town of Grant

MCEMA/Office

2004

Documents

Town of Grant

MCEMA/Office

2004

General Word Document Word Document Plans General Document Documents

Documents

3

Book /Ref. #

Document Description

Document Type

Responsible Agent

Location

Date

8

Pre-Disaster Shelter Locations; Ordinances, 159 & 111; Grant Fire Department Disaster Plan Marshall County Chapter 5/Exercise 5 Submittals Alabama Forestry Fire Prevention Plan for Marshall County Brush Fire Report from Marshall Co. E-911 for the period of 08/01/02 through 01/31/04 Alabama Forestry: “Living with Fire”

Publication

Marshall Co. E- MCEMA/Office 911 Alabama Forestry MCEMA/Office

8 8

General Information on Guntersville DAM Alabama Drought Management Plan

Document Plan

Various State of Alabama

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

8

Listing of Day-Care Facilities in Marshall County Marshall County Commission/EMA Inputs and changes to Chapter 6 Town of Douglas Inputs and changes to Chapter 6 City of Albertville Resolution & Minutes City of Arab Resolution & Minutes City of Boaz Resolution & Minutes City of Guntersville Resolution & Minutes

Document

DHR

MCEMA/Office

Jan 2004 2004 09/03/03 Draft 2004

Document

MCEMA/Office

2004

MCEMA/Office

2004

MCEMA/Office

Documents

LEHE EMA-ME LEHE Town of Douglas City of Albertville City of Arab

Documents

City of Boaz

MCEMA/Office

Documents

City of Guntersville

MCEMA/Office

03/15/04 Adopted 04/05/04 Adopted 04/12/04 Adopted 03/22/04 Adopted

Town of Grant Resolution & Minutes Town of Douglas Resolution & Minutes Town of Union Grove Resolution & Minutes Marshall County Commission Resolution & Minutes General Hand-Out Information Marshall County Comprehensive Plan

Documents

Town of Grant

MCEMA/Office

Documents

Town of Douglas

MCEMA/Office

Documents

MCEMA/Office

Plan

EMA

TVA Guntersville Watershed/Land Management Plan Marshall County Emergency Operations Plan

Town of Union Grove Marshall County Commission Miscellaneous Marshall County Commission TVA

MCEMA/Office

2004

EMA

Newspaper Research (2 Books)

Articles

Marshall County EMA EMA

MCEMA/Office

2003

8 8 8

9 9 10 10 10 10

10 10 10 10 AC EMA EMA

Documents Plan Fax

Document Documents

Documents Documents Plan

Plan

4

Marshall County MCEMA/Office EMA Alabama Forestry MCEMA/Office

MCEMA/Office

MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office MCEMA/Office

2004 01/29/03 2004

03/19/04 Adopted 03/08/04 Adopted 03/31/04 Adopted 04/12/04 Adopted 2004

MCEMA/Office

MARSHALL COUNTY, ALABAMA NATURAL HAZARDS MITIGATION PLAN

ADOPTING RESOLUTIONS

Marshall County Commission, Adopted on 4/12/04 City of Albertville, Adopted on 3/15/04 City of Arab, Adopted on 4/5/04 City of Boaz, Adopted on 4/12/04 City of Guntersville, Adopted on 3/22/04 Town of Douglas, Adopted on 3/8/04 Town of Grant, Adopted on 3/19/04 Town of Union Grove, Adopted on 3/31/04

City of Boaz