NG Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India - VPMThane.org

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V.P.M.'s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India WELCOMES Students From Kyoto - Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan Cultural Exchange Programme

(2015-2016) Course Content

Cultural Exchange Programme 2012-2013 Cultural Exchange Programme 2013-2014 Cultural Exchange Programme 2014-2015

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Index Course Content Sr. No.

Subject

1.

Yoga & Pranayam

2.

Hindi Lessons

3.

Conversational English Lessons

4.

Other Activities

5.

Course Facilitators

6.

Volunteers

Page No.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan and VPM’s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India Cultural Exchange Programme: Schedule of Students’ Visit August 31 to September 11, 2015 Date/Time

08.30-09.30

09.30-10.00 10.00-12.00

12.00-13.00

13.00-15.00

15.00-17.00

Monday 31/08/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 1

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 1

Lunch

English Lesson 1

Interaction at Arts/Commerce College, Thane

Tuesday 01/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 2

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 2

Lunch

English Lesson 2

Interaction at VPM’s Polytechnic, Thane

Wednesday 02/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 3

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 3

Lunch

English Lesson 3

Interaction at Law College, Thane

Thursday 03/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 4

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 4

Lunch

English Lesson 4

Interaction at Science College, Thane

Friday 04/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 5

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 5

Lunch

English Lesson 5

Hindi Movie

Saturday 05/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Lonavala

Journey: Thane to Lonavala

Visit to Karla Caves

Visit to Atmasantulan Village

Return journey: Lonavala to Thane

Sunday 06/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Mumbai

Visit to Gateway of India

Visit to Mani Bhavan

Lunch

Visit to Nehru Centre

Return journey: Mumbai to Thane

Monday 07/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 6

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 6

Lunch

English Lesson 6

Home Visits

Tuesday 08/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 7

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 7

Lunch

English Lesson 7

Sports Event at Thane College

Wednesday 09/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 8

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 8

Lunch

English Lesson 8

Sports Event at Thane College

Thursday 10/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 9

Breakfast

Enrichment Lecture

Lunch

Enrichment Lecture

Cultural Programme

Friday 11/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 10

Breakfast

Disbursal of Certificates

Lunch

Free Time for Shopping

Preparation for Departure to Airport

Lunch

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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10 days workshop for Kyoto Sangyo University students DAY – 1: 31-08-2015 (Monday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Prayer (importance) What is Yoga?

Beginning of Session with prayer Brief introduction of yoga

Vajrasan

Bhadrasana Butterfly

Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Preparation for butterfly Exercise for thighs

Padmasana (lotus pose) Kapalbhati

Meditative pose Rhythmic Breathing exercise

Naman Mudra(yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Index

Yoga Schedule

DAY – 2: 01-09-2015 (Tuesday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Diet

Generally what one should eat? When to eat? How and how much to eat? What should be the state of mind ? Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Meditative pose Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise A sitting posture beneficial in constipation problem and Ladies Menstruation

Vajrasan Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly Padmasana (lotus pose) Bhadrasana Kapalbhati Paschimottanasan

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

DAY – 3: 02-09-2015 (Wednesday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Jaldhauti

A cleansing kriya (method) which cleans body inside. We always Clean our outside physical body but not inner body. Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps Concentration Meditative pose Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise

Vajrasan Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing, Butterfly Padmasana (lotus pose) Bhadrasana Kapalbhati Ujjayi

Pawanmuktasan Ushtrasan

Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. Practice and rolling Very effective posture for spine, neck, face, and thighs.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Index

Yoga Schedule

DAY – 4: 03-09-2015 (Thursday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Omkar Meditation

A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management. Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Meditative pose Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management. Sitting posture useful in constipation and diabetes. Sleeping on stomach Pospure helps for flexibility of spine.

Vajrasan Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly Padmasan (lotus pose) Bhadrasan Kapalbhati Ujjayi

Omkar meditation Ardhamatsyendrasan Naukasana

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

DAY – 5: 04-09-2015 (Friday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Vajrasan

Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Meditative pose A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management.

Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly Padmasan (lotus pose) Omkar Meditation Mantra yoga Bhramari (Humming Bee breathing)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Nn92rFtW9k

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

DAY – 6: 07-09-2015 (Monday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic Session starts with prayer Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation)

Description It is a series of postures which gives a exercise to our full body. Small Film on yoga postures and meditation.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

Day – 7: 08-09-2015 (Tuesday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic Session starts with prayer Vajrasan Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly, Padmasan (lotus pose) Bhadrasan Kapalbhati Ujjayi

Omkar Meditation Halasan

Description Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management. a posture sleeping on back. Effective for thyroid gland and for digestive system

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Index

Yoga Schedule

DAY – 8: 09-09-2015(Wednesday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Vajrasan

Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Naman Mudra Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga (yoga mudra) 3 types which benefits the internal stomach organs Deep breathing Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Butterfly Exercise for thighs Padmasan (lotus pose) Meditative pose Bhadrasan Preparation for butterfly Kapalbhati Rhythmic Breathing exercise Ujjayi Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. Omkar Meditation A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management. Sarvangasana Posture for whole body. Bhujangasana and Dhanurasana Both are sleeping on stomach postures. Which Strengthens back and thigh muscles.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

DAY – 9: 10-09-2015 (Thursday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Vajrasan

Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Meditative pose Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management. is lying like a dead body. A complete physical & mental relaxation which helps in Stress related diseases.

Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly Padmasan (lotus pose) Bhadrasan Kapalbhati Ujjayi

Omkar Meditation Shavasana

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Yoga Schedule

DAY – 10: 11-09-2015 (Friday) Place: Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies, 3rd Floor

8.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. Topic

Description

Vajrasan

Basic meditative asana, Demo and practice Sitting in Vajrasana, Symbol of yoga which benefits the internal stomach organs Practice deep breathing - helps concentration Exercise for thighs Meditative pose Preparation for butterfly Rhythmic Breathing exercise Breathing exercise which cleans our lungs by creating heat in our body. Good for vocal cord. A beautiful meditation which helps in stress management.

Naman Mudra (yoga mudra) 3 types Deep breathing Butterfly Padmasan (lotus pose) Bhadrasan Kapalbhati Ujjayi

Omkar Meditation Revision Doubts

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Introduction to yoga Each one of us seeks happiness today. Our activities are directed towards happiness. Means we want to lessen the miseries and pain we try to seek happiness through the objects of enjoyment. We like to taste dishes, see movies, and listen to music, means we try to enjoy through our sense objects. But happiness can be gained without sense organs i.e. when we won the award, we get good marks, it is at psychological level. Therefore happiness is inner state of mind. To seek more and more happiness & comfort human being invented so many great things which were seemed impossible once upon a time. Science and technology has changed our lives tremendously. But at the same time it has brought pollution. Polluted air, water, Vegetables, everything is polluted. Even our minds are polluted today. People have lot of money, but they need sleeping pills, laxatives and pain killers and tonics. Most of the diseases are lifestyle diseases. Science and technology cannot go exterior man. Science can help to produce more food but fail to assist digestion. We don’t find solution for that. What is the way out of this vicious circle? We cannot go back to the caves. But our ancestors’ have given us the beautiful way that is YOGA. Today Yoga is also polluted, it has not remained pure. Many selfish people are mixing yoga with other things.

What is yoga? Yoga is a Sanskrit word and derived from the root of Yuj, meaning union. The human or individual soul merges with universal soul through yoga. Yoga can also describe as a system or a technique, for increasing efficiency in our action. That which makes it possible to achieve anything including real needs of man is Yoga. History says that yoga started with Lord Shiva. Yoga is very ancient. It has mentioned in Vedas and Upanishads, which were in the oral form earlier. Sage Patanjali compiled it and wrote the Yoga sutras. After that Sage Gorakshanath developed it. Yoga covers all aspect of human life that leads to physical wellbeing , mental harmony and spiritual consciousness, culminating in positive & lasting happiness & peace through the integration of personality. It is Ashtang yoga, http://www.lifepositive.com/body/yoga/ashtanga-yoga.asp the eightfold path. They are Yam, Niyam, Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahaar, Dharana , Dhyan, Samadhi. Yam & Niyam: Yoga advocates on daily practice on universal code of conduct. Asana: It is a discipline of body. Adoption of steady and comfortable postures. Pranayam : Regulation of breath. Pratyahaar : Withdrawing the mind front sensory world. Dharana: Fixing the mind on desired object. Dhyan: Steady contemplation of the object without break. Samadhi: mind’s absorption in the object of contemplation. Complete absorption of the individual consciousness in the self. http://rajayogasutras.com/ Diet is also a very important part of yoga.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Diet (Ahara) ‘Ahara’, one of the pillars of Yoga depicts the consumption habits. Food is a biological need for survival. Wherever one lives, one should eat the food that is grown natively. The customs and manners are created according to the food available there. One should always eat just for the objective of survival,. A person should eat a small meal every four hours. In between the meals, if one feels hungry, he/she should eat little otherwise the immunity becomes low. One should try to avoid water with food, can have a sip if needed, as the digestive juices in the mouth go into the stomach where the food looses the value. A person should never eat when disturbed, stressed or worried. If snacks are preferred, one may eat fruits, sprouts, and almond.. In evening, one should take light food so that the stomach gets rest at night. Drinking water before meals helps to lose weight and if one wants to gain weight, he may drink water after food. Food should contain six tastes for balancing of three doshas, according to Ayurveda, The food is classified into three types, namely Sattvic, Rajasic and Tamasic. Sattvic food is easily digestible. This natural energy giving food includes milk, milk products, fruits, dried fruits, vegetables of the season, cereals, sprouts, pulses, honey, jaggery, sugarcane, natural and unprocessed sugars and oils. Eating Sattvic food brings relaxation and a feeling of peace. Though Rajasic food is essential for physically active people and is heavy to digest. This food is difficult to digest and leaves one in a distinguished state of mind. All nonvegetarian food, beans and pulses which are not sprouted hot spices, onions, garlic, unseasonal, vegetables and salt fall in this category. Non vegetarian food includes beans and pulses that are not sprouted, like hot spices, onions, and garlic. Tamasic foods are the nerve stimulating ones. They are usually unnatural in state. Bakery products of refined flour, pastries, chocolates, soft drinks, tea, coffee, wines and liquors, tobacco, canned foods fall under 1 category. This type of food makes a person feel dull, lazy and lethargic. The quantity of food taken is as important as its quality. Actually the size of our stomach is just a fist size. And how much we eat, most of the times two three fists. Most physical ailments are caused by unhealthy food habits. For example, acidity, migraine. Eat food as a duty, eat as much as will make you feel hungry after four hours. Chew the food well. It is said that one should chew it for 32 times. So the stomach should be half filled with food and ¼ with water. The remaining ¼ should be left empty for the proper movement of food and for the formation of gases. Water should be avoided during meals but must be taken half an hour before meal and one hour after meal Eat breakfast like a king: Our biological rhythm is such that whatever we eat in the morning is absorbed and assimilated to the maximum. So morning should be full of nutrition. Low fat food or sweet food is recommended. Lunch like a prince: Food taken during lunch should be easily digestible and low fat. Evening snacks: Food of any taste whatever one likes can have at this time. Dinner like a pauper: Dinner should be the lightest meal of the day—bland and low fat. When food is eaten thus with one-pointedness, the assimilation and absorption of food is at its best. This is the ideal way to eat food.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Prayer Yoga is the science of experience. One has to experience this. Only continuous practice can give some experiences to the person. For that we should start with prayer. The human soul, even though initiated in the spiritual path, cannot love an abstract power; and it is for this reason their physical presence as the Divine manifesting itself in human form. The Guru's physical body is just a receptacle of the mighty Divine, and as such worthy of the utmost devotion and reverence. Gurur Brahma Gurur Vishnuhu Guru Devo Maheswaraha Guru Saakshaat Parabhrahma Tasmai Sri Gurave Namaha गुरुर ब्रह्मा गुरुर विष्णु गुरु देिो महेश्वरः गुरु साक्षात परब्रह्म तस्मै श्री गुरिे नमः The true meaning of Guru is "one who dispels darkness of ignorance". "Gu" means "darkness of ignorance" and "Ru" means "one who removes". Guru resembles the trinity Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma is creator. Guru creates or inculcates knowledge in the minds of the students. Guru is Vishnu. Lord Vishnu maintains the creation. Similarly Guru helps in keeping up the knowledge. Guru is like Shiva. Shiva is the destroyer. Guru destroys or gets rid of the ignorance from the students' minds.

For all the exercises, one has to sit on the clean cotton/woolen carpet.

Vajrasan: 1. Fold the left leg in the knee and place the toe on the floor. 2. Fold the right leg in the knee and place the toe on the floor and join the two toes. 3. Sit on the pit formed by the parted heels. 4. Place the palms on the knees. Position It is important to keep the spine, the neck and the head, upright in one straight line in this Asana. Keep the sight fixed at the level of the height. The whole weight of the body be set on the spine. Continue smooth breathing, when the final position is attained. Benefits: 1. Good for digestion. 2. Upper part of the body gets more blood, which leads to the efficiency of the Internal organs in stomach. 3. Remedy for constipation. 4. Strengthen the leg muscles.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Neck and shoulder Exercises: 1. Sit straight in Vajrasan slowly rotate the neck towards right to touch the right shoulder, then leave the neck back and rotate to the left shoulder from back then bend the neck in front that chin touches the chest. These ways make a circle for 5 times from one side and 5 times from other side. 2. Hold neck tight. Chin close to the neck turn slowly to the left and then right. Do for 10 times. 3. keep hands on shoulder and rotate.

Benefits: Strengthens the neck. Solve the cervical problems. Release the shoulders. Neck problems are solved.

PADMASANA: (The Lotus Position) It is true meditation posture, which gives utmost mental concentration and equilibrium. The index represents the individual soul and the thumb represents the universe.

Technique: 1. 2.

3.

Be seated and stretch both the legs in front to ensure that the spine is straight and firm. The left foot is to be placed on the right thigh and right foot on the left thigh. Ensure that the heels are pressed against the lower part of the abdomen. In case of difficulty, try to bring them to the nearest part of the abdomen. Open the eyes slowly and gradually. Loosen the fingers of both the hands. Then slowly lift the right leg with help of hand and place the same on the floor in order to come back to original position

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Benefits: 1. 2. 3. 4.

It helps to cure the stiffness of the knees and joints Helps to reduce fat in the region of thigh. It has good effect on the nervous system of the body. Leg and body pain reduced.

Yoga Mudra This Asana is performed in Padmasana or Vajrasan Position. 1. Inhale and take both the hands back and keep the palms facing outside interlocking the thumbs. Keep both the hands straight. 2. Exhaling bend in the waist and rest the forehead on the floor. Speed of exhaling and going down should be the same. Relax. Keep normal breathing.

Position: In this Asana one has to sit in Padmasana or Vajrasan and bend in the waist fully. In this process the abdomen gets folded and that is expected, too. Relax and normal breathing.. After some practice, while bending in the waist; keep the back bone straight to experience its nice results. After taking the position, try to relax the body.

Releasing: 1. Exhale and inhaling be straight in the waist. 2. Restore the hands on the knees

Benefits: 1. Abdomen gets pressed, improves the blood circulation in pelvis area. 2. Stomach walls and muscles are strengthened. 3. Remedy gyneac problems

Deep breathing: Can sit in any meditative posture Vajrasan or Padmasana. Close eyes slowly inhale fully into the stomach, stomach comes out. Exhale very slowly till the stomach goes in. Continue doing for 8-10 times.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Bhadrasan: Sit on the mat with legs stretched out. Take legs closer to the body by folding in the knees, keeping the thighs touching the floor. Knees outward and soles of the feet together.

Butterfly: Move the legs from groin. Sitting in Bhadrasana.

Benefits: 1. The unused or less used muscles of the thigh and the sex organs are exercised. 2. The outward bend of the knees aids extreme stretching of both superficial and deep muscles of the inner side of the thigh.

Paschimottanasan – Forward Bend Pose: 1. Sit on the mat with the legs stretch. Keeping them firmly pressed against the floor. 2. Now stretch out the palms parallel to the legs, palms downward. Now exhale and reach out to the toes 3. While exhaling grab hold of the big toes of each feet with the corresponding hands. 4. Exhale out completely and fold forward keeping the back straight, try to rest the forehead on the knees. Continue to maintain the asana, breathing normally. 5. While releasing Exhale and while inhaling raise the head. 6. Release the hands and return to sitting position.

Benefits: 1. This pose helps to open the hips, stretch the hamstrings, calm the mind and allow one to look within. Relieves constipation 2. Improving the process of respiration and the functions of the intra abdominal glands, especially the secretions. 3. Massages and tones the abdominal and pelvis region including all organs such as the liver, pancreas, kidneys, adrenals, spleen and intestines. 4. Improves the blood circulation in the back region and tones the spinal nerves. 5. Improves alignment of the vertebral column. 6. Removes the fat from the hips, the abdomen and thigh region.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Benefits for Women: 1. Useful for balancing the menstrual cycle and improving blood circulation and prana to the pelvic region 2. Relieves period pain

Sleeping on back postures: Halasan 1. Lie on back on the floor with the arms resting on the respective sides, palms downward. Then raise both the legs together, slowly taking in the breath till are brought to right angle to the body. 2. Now with slow raise the hips lower the legs towards and beyond the head. As far as possible, legs together and stretched straight. 3. Try to touch the floor beyond the head. Do Normal breathing. Do not hold the breath. 4. Keep toes pointing outward, and slide them away from head. 5. To come out of the posture, lift your feet up to a 45 degree angle, bring your palms flat on the floor and slowly bring your back, hips, legs and feet onto the floor paying attention to keep the head and shoulders on the floor. Relax on your back.

Benefits: 1. Brings fresh blood to the throat and thyroid gland. 2. Locking of the chin massages the thyroid gland. Extends the cervical section of the spine giving it a powerful stretch. Same to the rest of the spine as well as hamstrings and calves. 3. During the inhalation intense pressure is applied to the abdomen giving a good stimulation to the digestive system. 4. Opens up the shoulder joints. 5. Reduces lethargy, mental sluggishness and laziness. From Paschimottanasan take your legs straight back, try to touch feet on the floor (halasan). Again come in sitting position repeat this 5 times. This is rolling. It strengthens the back and improves flexibility. Paschimottanasan Halasan Rolling

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Sarvangasana: Sarvangasana is one of the best and most important asanas in Yoga. It has a huge amount of benefits which cover all the body systems. 1. Lie on the floor. Raise both the legs to a 90 degree angle from the floor. 2. Raise the waist and the hips from the floor and take the legs backwards over the head. 3. Raise the back and the legs up into a vertical position, placing the hands on the upper back for support. The chin should rest against the chest, creating the chin lock. Fix the eyesight on the toes and maintaining the asana, continue normal breathing. 4. One should concentrate on getting the legs, waist and the back in one straight line and making this line 90 degrees with the ground. In this asana the arms up to the elbows are placed on the floor, 5. To Release the asana position bend in the waist and lower the legs over the head, releasing the hands from the upper back. 6. slowly lower the back to the floor, keeping the legs at a 90 degree angle from the floor. Here lower the back very slowly, Exhaling slowly lower both legs back to the position.

Benefits:

1. The Chin lock(Jalandhar Bandha) improves the function of the thyroid, parathyroid and pituitary glands due to the increase oxygen and blood. All of the other endocrine glands are regulated by the pituitary gland and so the overall function of the endocrine system is improved. This results in the improved functioning of all other systems of the body and the reduction of emotional and mental stress 2. Stagnant blood from the lower regions of the body, i.e. legs and abdomen is drained to the heart thereby improving the supply of fresh blood to these parts and the whole circulatory system. Blood supply to the head area i.e. brain, eyes, ears, nose and throat is improved thereby improving their functioning. Therefore all of the pelvic and abdominal area circulation, ear, throat and nose ailments are improved. 3. Prevents and cures varicose veins. 4. Detoxification of the body due to improved efficiency of the organs of the body which leads to youthfulness and anti-ageing effects 5. Due to the increased blood flow to the head the mind is tranquilized, stress and psychological disturbances are removed. 6. It balances the parathyroid glands which ensure regeneration and normal development of the bones. 7. The nerves passing through the neck are toned and the neck flexibility is increased.

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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8. The digestive system is greatly improved due to the increase in blood circulation and drainage of stagnant blood. 9. Sarvangasana has all the benefits of Shirshasana but is safer and easier to perform.

Dhanurasana: 1. Lie down on a mat, on your stomach. 2. Hold your ankles firmly with hands. 3. Exhale & inhaling pull the legs upward with the hands, allow the body to be stretched in a curve, Simultaneously, lift your head, shoulders and chest from the floor. push the neck backwards. 4. Look up. 5. Your body would be in the shape of a bow, with only your stomach and pelvic area resting on the floor. The entire weight of your body would essentially be concentrated on your navel area.

Advanced: Rock yourself back and forth gently while holding on to your ankles.

Benefits: This asana has numerous benefits. It is a combination of two asanas (Bhujangasana the cobra pose, in which only the front of the torso is raised, and the Shalabhasana or the grasshopper asana, in which the legs are raised). 1 2 3

Strengthens kidneys Strengthens back muscles Strengthens thigh muscles

K.G.Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

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Naukasana: Boat shape 1.

Lie on the stomach and chest with forehead resting Naukasana on the mat. Keep the feet together and arms on the sides. Stretch out the arms above the head and keep them parallel, palms down and fingers closed. Inhaling raise the arms, neck, shoulders, chest and legs altogether, without bending knees, elbows and without any jerk. Breath normally. Balance the body. Bring all the body parts down slowly.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Benefits: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Bends the middle of the spine and makes it flexible. Liver, stomach, pancreas are getting nice stretch. It strengthens the pelvic region, hips, thighs, knees, calves, feet and arms. Beneficial for kidneys and diabetics.

Bhujangasan: 1. Lie down on the mat on stomach, keeping hands alongside the body and touching the forehead on the mat. 2. Put hands beside the chest such that palm facing in downward direction and elbows point upwards 3. Stretch the legs well on the mat keeping the toes and heels touching each other and facing outwards 4. Inhale and raise the upper part of the body steadily from head to navel while pressing down the hands 5. Make sure that the lower part of the body from navel to toes rest on the mat. Do Deep breathing. 6. Now exhale steadily and slowly return to the face down position 7. First trunk, navel area, chest, shoulders, chin and finally forehead 8. Relax and rest for few seconds and repeat the steps

Benefits 1. 2. 3.

Bhujangasana benefits you for stimulating endocrine system. It increases Spine flexibility. Practicing Bhujangasana steps makes back muscles fit & fine.

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Trataka: Trāṭaka is the practice of staring at some external object. This fixed gazing is a method of meditation which involves concentrating on a single point such as a small object, black dot or candle flame. It is used in yoga as a way of developing concentration, strengthening the eyes, and stimulating the ājňā chakra. Trataka is of two kinds: internal and external. Internal trataka is called dharana or concentration because in this practice the eyes are closed and the mind concentrated upon some subtle element within. External trataka means fixing the eyes on some object outside. Trataka on any object can be performed during the day or night. In this practice one has to take into account the object, the place and the time. What is the object on which the eyes are to be fixed? Where is the object to be placed? At what time should it be practised?

External: 1. Sit in any meditative pose. Spine erect. Try to gaze the tip of the nose. When titred jst close the eyes and relax. 2. In the same pose, try to gaze between the eyebrows. 3. Trataka is gazing anything outside. 4. This can be a candle light also. But one has to be careful while doing trataka on light. Because it has to be followed by JALNETI. Otherwise it will trouble a person. 5. Keep the thumb of the right hand in front of the eyes, approximately one feet away from eyes. Move the hand to your right slowly and observe it. So that your eyeballs are moving right side. Same way has to be Followed for the left side. 6. Object or light should be placed at the level of eyes is also important.

Internal Trataka : Sit in meditative pose. Close eyes. And try to see the light by the closed eyes.

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KAPALBHATI: Kapalbhati is a cleansing exercise. It is a breathing exercise. Therefore has to be done in a meditative posture, preferably in padmasana. Hands rest on the thighs. This is rhythmic breathing and fast breathing. Now close the eyes, exhale forcefully, inhale very little and start the exhale-inhale. In this exhaling is forceful and inhale is natural. Keep doing this till you feel tired and then hold the breath outside, after some time breath in whenever you feel like and then exhale slowly and rest. This can be done maximum for one minute not more than that at a time. Three rounds of one minute can be done. If done wrongly or for a longer time then it may affect adversely. One has to be very careful doing this kriya. Should not be done by watching videos or reading.

Benefits : 1. Kapalabhati cleanses the lungs and entire respiratory system. So lungs are strengthened. 2. The blood is purified and body gets an increased supply of oxygen to all cells. 3. Digestion is improved. 4. Abdominal muscles are strengthened. 5. Prepare the mind for meditation. 6. Energies the mind for mental work. 7. More oxygen is taken in and carbon di-oxide thrown out. 8. beneficial in sinus, cough, and all respiratory diseases

Kapalbhati should not be practice by those: a) Suffering from heart disease b) High blood pressure c) Should never be practiced when an asthmatic attack is in progress. d) If pain or dizziness is experienced, it is preferable to stop the practice till the sensation has passed. Practiced can be restarted with less force.

Bhramari Pranayama: Bhramari (Bee Breath) is a very effective pranayama (breathing exercise) for meditation. Performing this breathing exercise helps to induce a calming effect on the mind almost immediately. Practicing Bhramari pranayama benefits in reducing high blood pressure, fatigue, and mental stress. Also practicing this pranayama for ear, nose, mouth, and eye problems can have a positive effect http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Nn92rFtW9k

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Ujjayi Pranayama: This is done in padmasana. Ujjayi is practiced while breathing through the nose but narrowing the throat thus producing a slight hissing sound (it may also be compared to a light snoring sound or the sound of an ocean wave). This sound is a result of friction of the incoming or outgoing air at the base of the throat and not from friction in the nostrils. Let that sound become your teacher. Listen to the tone of that voice as you inhale and exhale, and make that tone as even and smooth as you can, without any catches or wavering and without any change in pitch. The sound should be soft and gentle and only you should be able to hear its sound. Listening to the voice of ujjayi pranayama will give you greater sensitivity and control over breath.

Benefits: 1. Friction in throat generates heat in your body. 2. This practice is used in yoga therapy to soothe the nervous system and calm the mind. 3. It has a profoundly relaxing effect at the psychic level. It helps to relieve insomnia and may be practiced in shavasana just before sleep. 4. The basic form slows down the heart rate and is useful for people with high blood pressure.It reduces the cholesterol level. http://www.ehow.com/video_2351134_ujjayi-breathing-demo.html

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Surya Namaskar (Sun salutation) The 12 steps of surya namaskar (sun salutation): Step 1: Start with the palm tree posture, with your hands relaxed, fingers pointing downwards and weight equally distributed. Step 2: Move on to the tadas, inhale, raise your hands and stretch backwards. Step 3: Next is the pranavas. Exhale, bend forward and try to touch your knees with your forehead. Step 4: Now, stretch your right leg backward, bringing down the left knee, with your palms on the floor while stretching backwards. Step 5: Holding your breath, bring your legs together. This is called the plank posture Step 6: Stretching low, hold your spine out. This is known as the ashtanga namaskar where the knee, chest and chin are in contact with the floor. Step 7: Inhale, stretch forward and bend backwards. This is the bhujanga asana Step 8: Exhale and lean forward. This is the parvata asana. Step 9: Now, bring your right leg forward, between your elbows as you inhale. Stretch upwards. Step 10: Bring your left leg forward. Inhale deeply. Step 11: Stretch backwards from the waist. Step 12: Return to the palm tree posture.

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OMKAR (AUM): http://www.slideshare.net/ulhasw/the-science-of-yoga-omkar-sadhana

The syllable AUM is made up of three letters: A, U & M Why is the chanting of AUM considered important for spiritual upliftment? Different people have analysed the importance of this word in different ways. Pantajali has given his own explanation about importance of AUM. If we look at it scientifically, the utterance of syllable AUM exhausts the entire spectrum of sound waves that can possibly be produced. The sound of the letter A is produced from the throat in which back of the tongue, the palate & the teeth producing a Guttural sound. Sound of the letter U is produced by narrowing the lips rendering the labial sound. And the sound of letter M is the nasal sound...When these sounds are produced all together; they exhaust all the possibilities of the spectrum of phonetic efforts. AUM is the only word which includes the entire spectrum. Hence, the importance of this word. The word AUM and the chanting of the same can be appreciated without any religious connotation. It is a universal term. In Christianity, the word AMEN is uttered after prayers; similarly Muslims utter the word AAMIN. ‘Salaam’ in Urdu and SHALOM in Hebrew come very close to AUM. Thus we can see that the importance of AUM phonetically was recognized by almost all the cultures in the world. AUM thus transcends all religions and has gained universal acceptance in different manifestations similar to it. AUM or the Shabdha is the first sound and forms the source of the whole universe. The Big Bang theory also comes close to this conception when we understand that the world / universe was created with a Bang (shabdha). The vibration of A is associated with Muladhar & Swaddhishthan chakras, vibration of U is associated with Manipur & Anahat chakras and vibration of M is associated with the Vishuddhi & Ajna Chakras. Each chakra has certain number of petals. Recognition of this fact helps in chanting of the AUM differently laying emphasis on different syllables. AUM can be chanted in three different ways: 1. Sound O is produced for the longer time & M is for the short time at the end. The first 2 chakras are activated and one feels energized & charged up. Hence it should be chanted in this manner in the morning before going to work. It helps in one’s engagement in the empirical world. 2. When O is produced for short time & M for the longer, it activates the last two chakras & one feels peace & tranquility. It is for spiritual upliftment. Hence, it should be chanted in this manner before sleeping or before meditational practices. 3. At all other times ideally AUM should be chanted with 1/3rd of the duration for O & 2/3rd for M. The best time for OM chanting is early morning before sunrise, noon, just before sunset & at midnight. This is the time because at this time both our nadis are open & balanced. At other times any one of the nadis is predominantly active. Modern science is also reaching the conclusion that at the core of so-called concrete substances there is only a wave. A wave is a vibration. Thus, the Sankhyan concept of shabdha or a wave giving rise to all elements is attested by the findings of modern science. Gayatri is mantra as well as prayer. In prayer we are asking for some grace & mantra is for protection. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvYT5a3YzUg

https://sites.google.com/site/gayatrimantrameditation/scienceandbenefitsofgayatrimantra

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Japa is not just mechanical repetition, but rotation of consciousness around the syllables. When we do mantra japa, it goes on rotating in your mind for some time even after we stop chanting Omkar chanting benefits in problems like Blood pressure, Diabetes, No sleep. Glossary Guru: Teacher/Mentor Brahma : God of universe Purak: Inhale : Breathe in Rechak :Exhale Breathe out Spine : Backbone. Ahara: Diet Jalandhar Bandh: Ayurveda: is a system of traditional medicine native to the Indian subcontinent and a form of alternative medicine Tridoshas : Three impurities of body. Shbda:word Surya:Sun

Referance books: Patanjali yogasutras Light on the Yogasutras of Patanjali Hathayoga pradipika.

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Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan and VPM’s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India Cultural Exchange Programme : Schedule of Students’ Visit August 31 to September 11, 2015 Date/Time

08.30-09.30

09.30-10.00 10.00-12.00

12.00-13.00

13.00-15.00

15.00-17.00

Monday 31/08/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 1

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 1

Lunch

English Lesson 1

Interaction at Arts/Commerce College, Thane

Tuesday 01/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 2

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 2

Lunch

English Lesson 2

Interaction at VPM’s Polytechnic, Thane

Wednesday 02/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 3

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 3

Lunch

English Lesson 3

Interaction at Law College, Thane

Thursday 03/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 4

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 4

Lunch

English Lesson 4

Interaction at Science College, Thane

Friday 04/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 5

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 5

Lunch

English Lesson 5

Hindi Movie

Saturday 05/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Lonavala

Journey: Thane to Lonavala

Visit to Karla Caves

Visit to Atmasantulan Village

Return journey: Lonavala to Thane

Sunday 06/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Mumbai

Visit to Gateway of India

Visit to Mani Bhavan

Lunch

Visit to Nehru Centre

Return journey: Mumbai to Thane

Monday 07/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 6

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 6

Lunch

English Lesson 6

Home Visits

Tuesday 08/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 7

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 7

Lunch

English Lesson 7

Sports Event at Thane College

Wednesday 09/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 8

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 8

Lunch

English Lesson 8

Sports Event at Thane College

Thursday 10/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 9

Breakfast

Enrichment Lecture

Lunch

Enrichment Lecture

Cultural Programme

Friday 11/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 10

Breakfast

Disbursal of Certificates

Lunch

Free Time for Shopping

Preparation for Departure to Airport

Lunch

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दिन पहला सोमवार, दि. ३१ अगस्त २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० ववषय : वर्ण ववचार

समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : संज्ञा

________________________________________________________________________________________

दिन िस ू रा

मंगलवार, दि. १ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० ववषय : स्वर

समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : सवणनाम

________________________________________________________________________________________

दिन तीसरा बुधवार, दि. २ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० ववषय : व्यंजन

समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : सलंग भेि

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दिन चौथा गरु ु वार, दि. ३ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० ववषय : काल

समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : क्रिया

दिन पााँचवााँ शि ु वार, दि. ४ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय : सादहत्यकारों का पररचय समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : सहायक क्रिया

________________________________________________________________________________________

दिन छठवााँ सोमवार, दि. ७ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय : वाक्य रचना १ समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : संभाषर्

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दिन सातवााँ मंगलवार, दि. ८ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय : वाक्य रचना २ समय: ११:०० से १२:००

ववषय : संभाषर् (सामान्य बातचीत)

दिन आठवााँ

बध ु वार, दि. ९ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय : दहंिी िे शप्रेम गीत समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय : तीज - त्योहार

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दिन पहला सोमवार ३१ अगस्त २०१५ रूम नं २८ ववषय :वर्ण ववचार

समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ध्वनन और वर्ण

वर्ों के समि ु ाय को वर्णमाला कहा जाता है । दहन्िी वर्णमाला में िो तरह के वर्ण होते हैं : 

स्वर



व्यंजन

ध्वनन के बबना भाषा की कल्पना ही नहीं की जा सकती। ध्वनन भाषा की आधारसशला है । ध्वनन जब साथणक हो जाती है तब भाषा कहलाती है । ध्वनन के सलखित रूप को वर्ण, सलवप अथवा ध्वनन चचन्ह कहते हैं । वर्ण को अक्षर भी कहते हैं । वर्ण का स्वरूप मूल ध्वननयााँ ही सलखित रूप में अक्षर कहलाती हैं।

‘शब्िानुशासन’ के अनुसार ‘वर्ण वह छोटी सी छोटी ध्वनन है जो कान का ववषय है और जजसके टुकड़े नहीं क्रकए जा सकते।

समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय: संज्ञा (Noun) क्रकसी भी नई भाषा को समझने से पहले उस भाषा के शब्िों को सुनना, जानना और समझना

जरुरी है । हम नई भाषा के शब्िों को सुन तो लेते हैं परं तु उसका अथणज्ञान न होने पर सुने हुए शब्ि कोरे शब्ि ही रह जाते हैं और जब उन्हीं शब्िों का अथण ज्ञान होने लगता है तो उनका उचचत प्रयोग

करके नई भाषा को आसानी से सीि पाते हैं। क्रकसी भी पररवार का छोटा सा बालक भी मााँ , बाबा, पापा, नाना जैसे शब्िों से भाषा को सीिता है । इन्हीं शब्िों को वह आगे चलकर संज्ञा और सवणनाम के रुप में सीि कर भाषा की नींव को पख् ु ता बनाता है । प्रत्येक भाषा की अपनी ववशेषता होती है अत: दहन्िी को सीिने के सलए संज्ञा शब्िों के साथ सवणनामों को भी समझ लेना आवश्यक है ।

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

संज्ञा – नाम बताने वाले शब्ि। जजस शब्ि से क्रकसी नाम का बोध होता है , उसे संज्ञा कहते हैं।



संज्ञा की पररभाषा – “जजस शब्ि से क्रकसी वस्तु, व्यजक्त या स्थान के नाम का बोध होता हो उसे संज्ञा कहते हैं।“

पुस्तक अच्छी है । भारत महान है । ववद्यार्थी दहंिी पढ़ता है । क्रकसी की बुराई मत करो। उपयक् ुण त वाक्यों में ‘पुस्तक’, ‘भारत’, ‘ववद्याथी’ और बुराई शब्ि िमशः वस्तु, स्थान, व्यजक्त और भाव के नाम हैं इससलए ये शब्ि संज्ञाएाँ हैं। उिाहरर् :वस्तु – कुसी, मेज, कलम, पस् ु तक, कम््यट ु र, मोबाईल फोन, पंिा, रे लगाडी, रोटी इत्यादि। भाव – ििण , थकावट, िश ु ी, गमी, आजािी इत्यादि। व्यक्तत – िीपक, ववजया, कमल, मिन, रमेश इत्यादि। स्र्थान – दिल्ली, मुंबई, काशी, इलाहाबाि, कश्मीर, सशमला इत्यादि। पश-ु पक्षी – मोर, मकडी, मक्िी, अजगर, बकरी, गाय, बबच्छु, साप, शेर, बाघ, हाथी इत्यादि। 

संज्ञा शब्िों के लक्षर् :प्राणर्वाचक संज्ञा शब्ि – बच्चा, गाय, चचडडया, आिमी इत्यादि। अप्राणर्वाचक संज्ञा शब्ि – क्रकताब, मकान, पवणत इत्यादि। क्िन संज्ञा शब्िों की गगनती की िा सकती है – केला, लडके, पुस्तक, कलम इत्यादि। क्िन संज्ञा शब्िों को गगना नह ं िा सकता – िध ू , पानी, हवा, प्रेम, िोध इत्यादि।

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संज्ञा के भेि – १) व्यक्ततवाचक संज्ञा – जजस संज्ञा से क्रकसी ववशेष व्यजक्त, प्रार्ी, वस्तु अथवा स्थान का बोध हो। उिाहरर् –

महात्मा गााँधी (व्यजक्त-ववशेष) गोिान (पस् ु तक -ववशेष) दहमालय

(पवणत – ववशेष)

जापान (िे श-ववशेष) २) िानतवाचक संज्ञा – जजस संज्ञा से जानत, वगण या समूह का बोध हो। उिाहरर् – मनुष्य, गाय, निी, पवणत, िे श इत्यादि। ३) भाववाचक संज्ञा – जजस संज्ञा शब्ि से गुर्, िशा या भावना का बोध हो। उिाहरर् – समत्रता, पढाई, बचपन, सच्चाई, ईमानिारी, प्रेम, शीतलता, इत्यादि। ४) द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा – जजस संज्ञा से क्रकसी द्रव्य, पिाथण या रासश का बोध हो। उिाहरर् – सोना, रुपया, अनाज, हवा, िध ू इत्यादि। ५) समह ू वाचक संज्ञा – जजस संज्ञा से प्राखर्यों, वस्तओ ु ं या पिाथो के समह ू का बोध हो। उिाहरर् –भीड, सेना, पररवार इत्यादि। स्वाध्याय :ननम्नसलखित शब्िों में से वस्तु, व्यजक्त एवं स्थान का बोध कराने वाले संज्ञा शब्िों को छााँट कर सलखिए।

संज्ञा शब्ि – दिल्ली, लॅ पटॉप, पेजन्सल, जवाहरलाल नेहरु, जापान, लंिन, मिर टे रेसा, िश ु ी, गमी, आजािी, मेज, गाय, मुंबई, रमेश, काशी, पुस्तक, रोटी, बाघ, सशमला, पंिा, ििण , थकावट वस्तु –

व्यक्तत –

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स्र्थान –

प्रार्ी –

भाव –

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दिन िस ू रा

मंगलवार ०१ ससतम्बर २०१५ रूम नं २८ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० ववषय :स्वर

वर्ो के भेि :वर्ो के िो भेि हैं १ स्वर २ व्यंजन दहन्िी में ११ स्वर है अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ स्वरों का उचारर् अपने आप होता है व्यंजन के उच्चारर् में

स्वरों

की

सहायता होती है।

अ इ उ ए हणस्व स्वर हैं । आ ई ऊ

िीघण स्वर हैं।

अभ्यास

सभी स्वरों को िस बार सलखिए ................................: .................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ वर्णमाला – वर्ो के िमवार उच्चारर् समह ू को वर्णमाला कहते हैं । दहन्िी वर्णमाला में कुल ५१ वर्ण हैं :

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए

ए ओ औ

क ि ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ र् त थ ि ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह क्ष त्र ज्ञ ड़ ढ़

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दहन्ि के वर्ण

दहन्िी में वर्ण के िो भेि हैं १ स्वर २ व्यंिन

उच्चारर् की दृजष्ट से १ स्वर वर्ण जजन वर्ो का उच्चारर् बबना क्रकसी के सहारे से होता है उसे स्वर कहते हैं । स्वर वर्ो की कुल संख्या ११ है .......... क (हणस्व स्वर –अ इ उ ऋ ि(िीघण स्वर

-आ ई ऊ

ग (संयुक्त स्वर –ए ए ओ औ क)

हणस्व स्वर – ये स्वर एक माबत्रक भी कहलाते हैं । इस स्वर के उच्चारर् में एक मात्र लगती है ।

ि)

िीघण स्वर – हणस्व के साथ हणस्व

स्वर को समलने से जो स्वर बनाता है , उसे

िीघण स्वर कहते हैं। ग)

संयुक्त स्वर – िो स्वरों के योग से जो स्वर बनाता है उसे संयुक्त स्वर कहते ह

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समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय: सवणनाम (Pronoun) 

सवणनाम – संज्ञा के स्थान पर जजन शब्ि का प्रयोग होता है । उसे सवणनाम कहते हैं। उिाहरर् – मै, तम ु , आप, हम, यह, वह, यहााँ, वहााँ, कौन, क्या, कैसे

।

मैं ससपाही बनाँग ू ा। वह बहुत सुन्िर है । यह मेरा िोस्त है । तुम अच्छे हो। हम साथ हैं। आप कैसे हैं? यहााँ कक्षा चल रही है । वहााँ मेला लगा है । कौन बोल रहा है ? तया हुआ? तम ु कैसे हो? हम कहााँ हैं? वहााँ कौन है ? मैं रमेश हूाँ। तुम कौन हो?

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सवणनाम के भेि :१) परु ु षवाचक सवणनाम – मैं, तम ु आप, हम, मेरा, तम् ु हारा, हमारा २) ननश्चयवाचक / (संकेतवाचक) सवणनाम – यह, ये, वे, वह, वो ३) अननश्चयवाचक संवन ण ाम – कुछ, कोई, कुछ भी, सब कुछ, सब लोग ४) संबंधवाचक सवणनाम – जो, जैसा, जजसकी ५) प्रश्नवाचक सवणनाम – कौन, क्या, कैसे, क्रकसे ६) ननिवाचक सवणनाम – िि ु , अपने आप, स्वयं स्वाध्याय:ननम्नसलखित वाक्यों से सवणनाम शब्ि को छााँट कर सलखिए। वातय

सवणनाम शब्ि



मै हूाँ न।

--------------------



आप चलेंगे।

--------------------



हम पढें गे।

--------------------



क्या िबर है ?

--------------------



कौन िेलेगा?

--------------------



कुछ खिलाओगे।

--------------------



वे िि ु चले गए।

--------------------



यह क्या है ?

--------------------



हम भारत जा रहे हैं।

--------------------



तुम मेरे साथ आओगे।

--------------------



आज उसकी परीक्षा है ।

--------------------



वो बाजार गये हैं।

--------------------



वो उसका घर है ।

--------------------



यह पस् ु तक मेरी नहीं है ।

--------------------

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

वे कल जाएगें ।

--------------------



ये लोग वहााँ रहते हैं।

--------------------



कुछ भी चलेगा।

--------------------



कोई जा रहा है ।

--------------------



कुछ करना होगा।

--------------------



सब लोग आयेंगे।

--------------------



उसके जैसा कोई नहीं।

--------------------



जो कल आयेगा उसको िे ना।

--------------------



क्या बात है ?

--------------------



कौन आ रहा है ?

-------------------



क्रकसका नाम है ?

--------------------

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दिन तीसरा बध ु वार ०२ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय :व्यंिन

स्वरों की सहायता से जजन वर्ो का उच्चारर् होता

है उसे व्यंजन वर्ण कहते

हैं। दहन्िी के ३३ व्यंजन वर्ो को तीन श्रेखर्यों में रिा गया है :................ १ स्पशण २ अंतस्थ ३ ऊष्म १ स्पशण व्यंजन – इनका उच्चारर् कंठ,तालु ,मूधाण,िं तोष््य स्थानों को स्पशण से होता है । अतः यह स्पशण व्यंजन कहे जाते हैं। उच्चारर् स्थानों के आधार पर इनके वगण इस प्रकार हैं । १ (क वगण – क ि ग घ ङ )कंठ से ( २ (च वगण – च छ ज झ ञ )तालु से ( ३ (ट वगण – ट ठ ड ढ र् )मूधाण से (

४ (त वगण – त थ ि ध न )िन्त से ( ५ (प वगण –प फ ब भ म )ओष््य ( स्पशण व्यंजनों की संख्या कुल २५ है ........ २ अंतस्थ व्यंजनों की संख्या ५ हैं

–य र ल व

ऊष्म व्यंजन –इनकी संख्या ४ हैं

–श ष स ह

अल्पप्रार् – धननयााँ ननम्नसलखित हैं ......... क,ग, ङ च, ज, ञ ट, ड, र् त, ि, न प, ब, म

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तथा अंतस्थ –य र ल व व्यंजन वगण का िस ू रा और चौथा वर्ण महाप्रार् हैं उसे ऊष्म वर्ण भी कहते हैं। वे ननम्नसलखित हैं

...............

ि घ च झ ट ढ थ ध फ ब तथा ऊष्म वर्ण –श स ष स ह घोष और अघोष घोष जजन वर्ो के उच्चारर् में स्वर तंबत्रयााँ आपस में झंकृत होती हैं

वे घोष कहलाती हैं ।

हर वगण का तीसरा चौथा और पााँचवााँ वर्ण घोष है – ग घ ङ ज झ ञ ड ढ र् ि ध न ब भ म

इसके अनतररक्त सभी स्वर वर्ण घोष हैं। ये घोष वर्ण हैं –य र ल व और ह अघोष- जजनके उच्चारर् में सर तंबत्रयााँ झंकृत नहीं होती, अघोष कहलाती है – क ि च छ ट ठ त थ प फ इनके अनतररक्त श ष स अघोष ही हैं ।

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समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय :- सलंग भेि सलंग भेि ववश्व की प्रत्येक भाषा में एक ही समान है परं तु भेि के आधार पर शब्िों का पररवतणन

दहन्िी भाषा की अपनी ववशेषता है । दहन्िी में भी सलंग भेि को संज्ञा सवणनामों से आसानी से पहचाना जा सकता है परं तु संज्ञा सवणनामों के अनुरुप क्रिया में होने वाले पररवतणन को भी समझ लेना आवश्यक है ।

उिा. लडका िेलता है । इस उिाहरर् में लडका और लडकी शब्ि से उनके सलंग का पता तो चलता है परं तु क्रिया में

लडके के सलए िेलता और लडकी के सलए िेलती शब्ि के आधार पर क्रिया में होनेवाले पररवतणन का बोध होता है । सलंग(Gender) सलंग का अथण है - चचन्ह। सलंग से स्त्री-परू ु ष के भेि को जाना जाता है । सलंग के िो भेि है – १. पजु ल्लंग – आिमी, लडका, चाचा, वपता, िािा, नाना, सशक्षक ,सोनार, पंडडत, मोर, नाग, शेर, कुत्ता, चह ू ा, बछड़ा इत्यादि।

२. स्त्रीसलंग – औरत, लडकी, चाची, माता, िािी, सशक्षक्षका, सोनाररन,पंडडताईन, मोरनी, नाचगन, शेरनी, कुनतया, चदु हया इत्यादि।

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दिन चौर्था गरु ु वार ०३ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

ववषय :काल

दहन्िी में तीन काल

हैं – वतणमान भत ू काल

भववष्यकाल वतणमान काल –क्रिया के उस रूप को वतणमान काल कहते हैं जजसमें क्रिया के अभी होने का बोध हो उसे वतणमान काल कहते हैं । उिा,

हम जा रहे हैं । सीता पढ़ रही है ।

भूतकाल –क्रिया के उस रूप को भूतकाल कहते हैं जजसमें क्रिया के भूतकाल में सम्पन्न होने का बोध होता है ।

उिा, हम गए थे । सीता ने पढ़ा था । भववष्यकाल क्रिया के उस रूप को भववष्यकाल भववष्यकाल

कहते हैं जजसमें क्रिया के कल होने की संभावना हो उसे

कहते हैं।

उिा, हम जाएंगे । सीता पढ़े गी । स्वाध्याय :उपयक् ुण त उिाहरर्ों को पााँच -पााँच बार सलखिए ...................................................................................................................................................: ............................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................ ....................................................................

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समय – ११.०० से १२.०० ववषय :- क्रिया (पररचय) क्रिया (Verb) “ क्रिया अथाणत जजससे क्रकसी कायण के होने का बोध हो।“ उिा.- हाँसना, रोना, िेलना, पढना, सलिना, आना, जाना, सोना, िाना, पीना, बोलना इत्यादि। सलंग और क्रिया के प्रयोग से बनने वाले छोटे -छोटे वाक्य। 

लडका िेलेगा।



लडकी िेलेगी।



आिमी जाता है ।



औरत जाती है ।



रमेश आता है ।



रानी आती है ।



शेर सोयेगा।



शेरनी सोयेगी।



िािाजी चाय वपयेंगे।



िािीजी चाय वपयेंगी।



राम सलिेगा।



कमला सलिेगी।



जॉन पढे गा।



जया पढे गी।

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वपताजी हाँसेंगे।



मााँ हाँसेंगी।



बैल चारा िायेगा।



गाय चारा िायेगी।

Yoga Schedule

* उगचत शब्ि चन ु कर ररतत स्र्थानों की पूनतण कीक्िए। १. लडका ---------------------------------- । (िेलेगा / िेलेगी) २. सीमा केला ---------------------------- । (िायेगा / िायेगी) ३. मााँ -------------------------------------- । (हाँ सेंगे / हाँसेंगी) ४. िािाजी चाय ---------------------------- । (वपयेंगे / वपयेंगी) ५. जॉन ----------------------------------- । (पढे गा / पढे गी) ६. राजू ---------------------------------- । (सलिेगा / सलिेगी) ७. शेरनी -------------------------------- । (सोयेगा / सोयेगी) ८. रमेश ---------------------------------- । (आयेगा / आयेगी) ९. औरत -------------------------------- । (जाता है / जाती है ) १०. बच्चा -------------------------------- । (रोता है / रोती है ) * ननम्नसलणित वातयों मे से क्रियाएाँ चन ु कर सलणिए। १. मझ ु े सलिना है । -------------------------२. मैं आम िाऊाँगा। -----------------------------३. तम ु क्या िाओगे ? ---------------------------४. हम िेलेंगे। ------------------------------५. रामू बोलेगा। ----------------------------

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दिन पााँचवााँ शि ु वार ०४ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

सादहत्यकारों का पररचय

दहन्िी सादहत्यकारों का अल्प पररचय यहााँ िे ने का प्रयास क्रकया है जजन्होंने दहन्िी भाषा को अपने सादहत्य से प्रभाववत क्रकया । भारतेन्ि ु हररश्चंद्र

भारतेन्ि ु हररश्चंद्र का जन्म ९ ससतंबर १८५० ऋवष पंचमी के दिन हुआ। आपका कायण क्षेत्र काशी रहा। आपने अनेक रचनाएाँ सलिी। ‘वैदिकी दहंसा दहंसा न भवनत’,‘अंधेर नागरी चौपट राजा’ इ ग्रंथो का लेिन क्रकया। आपकी मत्ृ यु ६,जनवरी १८८५ में हुई। चंिवरिाई

चंिवरिाई अंनतम दहन्ि ू राजा सम्राट पथ् ृ वीराज चौहान का िरबारी कवव था।

आपका जन्म संवत १२००में हुआ। आपने ‘पथ् ृ वीराज रासो’ नामक ग्रंथ सलिा। आप युद्धकला में भी मादहर थे।

कबीर

कबीर का जन्म १४५५ में हुआ। मत्ृ यु १५७५ हुई। आपका कायणक्षेत्र काशी और मगहर रहा। आपने ‘बीजक’ नामक ग्रंथ सलिा। महान ननभणय संत,संत सादहत्य में दहन्िी के सशक्त हस्ताक्षर थे ।

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महािे वी वमाण

महािे वी वमाण का जन्म सन १९०७ ई में हुआ। आपका कायण क्षेत्र प्रयाग था । आपको ‘यामा’ रचना के सलए ज्ञानपीठ प्रिान क्रकया गया। आपको दहन्िी जगत में आधनु नक मीरा भी कहा जाता है । आपकी मत्ृ यु १९८७ में हुई।

मैगर्थल शरर् गुप्त

आपका जन्म सन १८८६ में हुआ। आपने ‘यशोधरा’‘साकेत’नामक रचनाएाँ की। आपके काव्य का केंद्र िब ण नारी रहा। जजन पात्रों पर क्रकसी ने नहीं सलिा उसपर आपने ु ल िंडकाव्य, महाकाव्य सलिे। आपकी मत्ृ यु १९६४ में हुई।

मीराबाई

कृष्र् भक्त कवयत्री मीरा का जन्म १५६०ई में हुआ । आपका कायणक्षेत्र मेवाड़,वन्ृ िावन रहा। आपको जहर भी वपलाया गया पर आप बच गई। आपकी

भजक्त दहन्िी सादहत्य जगत में अमर है । आज भी आपके भजन भारत भर में गए जाते हैं।

प्रेमचंि

प्रेमचंि का जन्म १८८० में हुआ। आपने िरजनों उपन्यास सलिे और शेकड़ों कहाननयााँ सलिी। आप आिशण उन्मुिी यथाथणवािी लेिक हैं , आपके अनेक सादहत्य

पर क्रफल्में बनी हैं। कहाननयों में ‘कफ़न’कालजयी कहानी है । उपन्यास में ‘गोिान’का महत्व अत्यचधक है । १९३६ में आपकी मत्ृ यु होती है । आप दहन्िी जगत के महान लेिक हैं।

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रामचन्द्र शत ु ल

रामचंद्र शक् ु ल का जन्म १८८४ में उत्तर प्रिे श में हुआ। आपने पहली बार ‘दहन्िी सादहत्य का इनतहास’प्रामाखर्क रूप में सलिा। आप ननबंधकर, और आलोचक

भी रहे हैं। ‘चचंतामखर्’ आपकी बंधों की क्रकताब है । आपने इसमें

मनोवैज्ञाननक ननबंध सलिे हैं। आपका कायण क्षेत्र काशी रहा और आपकी मत्ृ यु काशी में १९४० हुई।

राष्ट्रकवव रामधार ससंह ‘दिनकर’

आपका जन्म सन १०८ ईसवी में बबहार में हुआ। आपने अनेक रचनाएाँ की। आपका कायण क्षेत्र बबहार से दिल्ली तक रहा। आपने ‘कुरुक्षेत्र’,’संस्कृनत के चार

अध्याय’,’परशुराम की प्रतीक्षा’जैसी अनेक रचनाएाँ की। प्रसाि और गु्त के बाि सबसे अचधक मानक स्थावपत करनेवाले आप ही एकमात्र कवव हैं। सन १९७४ मद्रास में आपका ननधन हुआ।

सुसमत्रानंिन पंत

प्रकृनत के सुकोमल कवव के रूप में जो कवव जाने जाते हैं वे आप हैं। आपका जन्म अल्मोड़ा में

१९०० में हुआ। आपका कायण क्षेत्र वारार्सी ,इलाहाबाि है । आपने ‘ग्रंचथ’,‘गुंजन’,’पल्लव’,’वीर्ा’‘लोकायत’ आदि अनेक ग्रंथो का ननमाणर् क्रकया। आप अरववंि िशणन से प्रभाववत हो आश्रम में चले गए। सन १९७७ में आपकी मत्ृ यु हुई।

तल ु सीिास

तल ु सीिास का जन्म संवत १५८९ ई में हुआ। आपका कायण क्षेत्र काशी रहा। आपने ‘रामचररत मानस’ की रचना कर सारे उत्तर भारत में भजक्त की लहर चला िी। आप ने जो राम का वर्णन क्रकया है वह दहन्िी जगत की महान धरोहर है । आपकी मत्ृ यु संवत १६८० में हुई।

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समय: ११:०० से १२:०० ववषय :- सहायक क्रिया जो क्रिया मुख्य क्रिया का पूरा आशय स्पष्ट करने में सहायता प्रिान करती है , उसे सहायक क्रिया कहते हैं। जैसे -

बच्चा रोने लगा। सोनू थक गया है ।

रानी सलि रह है । हम पढ़ रहे हैं। उपयक् ुण त वाक्य में ‘रोना’, ‘थकना’, ‘सलिना’, ‘पढना’ मुख्य क्रियाएं हैं तथा ‘लगा’, ‘गया है ’, ‘रही है ’ और

‘रहे हैं’ सहायक क्रियाएं हैं जो क्रक वाक्य को परू ा करने में सहायता प्रिान कर रही हैं। वाक्य में कभी

एक क्रिया और कभी एक से अचधक क्रियाएं सहायक क्रियाओं का काम करती हैं । वाक्य में सलंग और वचन के आधार पर सहायक क्रियाओं में पररवतणन िे िा जाता हैं। सलंग के आधार पर पररवतणन के उिाहरर् पक्ु ललग

स्त्रीसलंग

लड़का िेल रहा है ।

लड़की िेल रही है ।

रामू सो रहा है ।

रानी सो रही है ।

बच्चा रोने लगा है ।

बच्ची रोने लगी है ।

सोनू िा चक ु ा है ।

मोनी िा चक ु ी है ।

मोहन सलि चक ु ा है ।

कमला सलि चक ु ी है ।

वचन के आधार पर पररवतणन के उिाहरर् एक वचन मैं पढ़ रहा हूाँ।

बहु वचन हम पढ़ रहे हैं।

मैं सलि रहा हूाँ।

हम सलि रहे हैं।

लड़का िेल रहा है ।

लड़के िेल रहे हैं।

बच्चा िा चक ु ा है ।

बच्चे िा चक ु े हैं।

रामू गा चक ु ा है ।

सभी गा चक ु े हैं।

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स्वाध्याय –

ननम्नसलखित वाक्यों में से सहायक क्रिया चन ु कर सलखिए:१. मैं पढ रहा हूाँ । ---------------------------२. मााँ िाना पका रही है । ----------------------------३. रमा ससतार बजा रही है ।----------------------------४. मुन्ना रो रहा है । ---------------------------५. बच्चा सो रहा है । --------------------------------

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दिन छठवााँ सोमवार ०७ ससतंबर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० वातय रचना १

पररभाषा :आिमी के भावों और ववचारों को पर् ू ण रूप से प्रकट करने वाले शब्ि समह ू को वाक्य कहते हैं।

उिा :मैं क्रकताब पढ़ता हूाँ। तुम्हारा नाम क्या है ? तुम घर कब लौटोगे?

जब भूि लगती है तो बच्चा रोता है । वातय के भेि

रचना के अनुसार वाक्य के तीन भेि हैं –१ सरल वाक्य २ समश्र वाक्य

३ संयुक्त वाक्य १ सरल वाक्य –सीता पढ़ती है । पूजा पलंग पर सोती है ।

वे ईश्वर की उपासना में लीन थे। २ समश्र वाक्य –वह कौन भारतीय है , जजसने सावरकरजी का नाम नहीं सुना हो। ३ संयुक्त वाक्य –सशक्षक आया और लड़के पढ़ने लगे। राधा ने कहा क्रक मैं आऊाँगी पर नहीं आ सकी।

अभ्यास :हर वाक्य पााँच पााँच बार सलखिए..... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................ .................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................ .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ ........................................................

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समय – ११.०० से १२.०० ववषय: संभाषर् (Conversation) क्रकसी भी भाषा में बात करने से पहले उस भाषा के प्राथसमक शब्िों को असभवािन कहा जा सकता है । उिा.- नमस्ते, सुप्रभात, शभ ु रात्री, क्रफर समलेंगे, धन्यवाि, आप का स्वागत है इत्यादि। इन असभवािनों के साथ हम क्रकसी के भी साथ दहन्िी में बातचीत की शुरुवात कर सकते हैं।

असभवािन के साथ हम अपना पररचय िे कर लोगों को अपने आप से पररचचत करवा सकते हैं। इसी प्रकार उनसे उनका पररचय ले कर जान-पहचान बना सकते हैं और छोटे छोटे संवािों से बातचीत की शुरुवात कर सकते हैं। जब िो या िो से अचधक व्यजक्त आपस में साथणक शब्िों में बातचीत करते हैं तो उसे संभाषर् कहते हैं। संभाषर् के सलए उपयोगी प्रारं सभक संवाि :नमस्ते ! नमस्कार ! सुप्रभात ! शभ ु संध्या ! शुभरात्री ! अलवविा ! क्रफर समलेंगे ! धन्यवाि ! बहुत धन्यवाि ! शुक्रिया ! स्वागत है ! माफ क्रकजजए। कोई बात नहीं।

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Hindi Schedule आप का स्वागत है । अपना ियाल रखिए। आप कैसे हैं ? आप का शभ ु नाम क्या है ? मैं ठीक हूाँ। आप कहााँ रहते हैं ? आप कहााँ जा रहे हैं ? प्रारं सभक पररचय :नमस्ते ! मेरा नाम प्रेरर्ा है । आप से समल कर िश ु ी हुई। आत्मपररचय :नमस्ते ! मेरा नाम ररया है । मैं जापान से भारत आयी हूाँ। मैं दहन्िी सीि रही हूाँ। मैं हीरानंिानी इस्टे ट में रह रही हूाँ।

स्वाध्याय :अपने बारे में सलखिए:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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दिन सातवााँ मंगलवार ०८ ससतंबर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:०० वातय रचना २ अर्थण के अनस ु ार वातय के भेि 2 वाक्य के आठ भेि हैं ..... १ ववचधवाचक

वाक्य –मैंने रोटी िायी। मैंने स्नान क्रकया।

२ ननषेधवाचक वाक्य –मैंने रोटी नहीं िायी। ३ आज्ञावाचक वाक्य –तम ु स्कूल जाओ।

४ प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य –तम् ु हारा घर कहााँ है ?

५ ववस्मयवाचक वाक्य –अरे !तुम कह क्या रहे हो? ६ संिेहवाचक वाक्य –वह स्कूल गया होगा । ७ इच्छावाक्य

-ईश्वर आपका भला करे ।

८ संकेतवाचक वाक्य –बािल छाता तो पानी बरसता। अभ्यास :सभी वाक्यों को पााँच-पााँच बार सलखिए। ........................................................................................... ......................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................. .................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ..................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... .............................................

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समय – ११.०० से १२.०० ववषय: संभाषर् (सामान्य बातचीत) सामान्य बातचीत :जॉन – सप्र ु भात नेल्सन। नेल्सन – सुप्रभात जॉन। जॉन – कैसे हैं आप ? नेल्सन – मैं ठीक हूाँ। जॉन – कहााँ जा रहे हैं ? नेल्सन – यही, पास के मॉल में । जॉन – अच्छा ! अलवविा ! नेल्सन – अलवविा ! िोस्त। सना – नमस्ते ! नीमा – नमस्ते ! सना – आप यहााँ रहती हैं ? नीमा – हााँ। सना – आपका शुभ नाम ?

नीमा – नीमा। और आपका ? सना – सना । नीमा – आप क्या करती हैं ? सना – मैं पढ़ती हूाँ । नीमा – आप यहााँ नयी हैं क्या ? सना – हााँ, मैं यहााँ नयी हूाँ।

नीमा – अच्छा, कुछ जरूरत हो तो कहना।

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Yoga Schedule सना – जी धन्यवाि ! नीमा – आपका स्वागत है ! सना – अच्छा ! शुभरात्री।

नीमा – शुभरात्री ! अपना ियाल रखिए। ननम्नसलणित संवाि को पूरा कीक्िए :जय – नमस्ते ! िीप। िीप - -----------जय – कैसे हैं आप ? िीप - -----------िीप – आप कैसे हैं ? जय – मैं भी -------------------जय – कहााँ जा रहे हैं ? िीप - --------------------जय – अच्छा ! -----------------िीप - ------------------------वाक्य पूरा कीजजए। नमस्ते मेरा नाम --------------------------------- है । आप से समल -------------------------------------- ।

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दिन आठवााँ बध ु वार ०९ ससतम्बर २०१५ समय: १०:०० से ११:००

दहंि िे शप्रेम गीत

भारत िनु नया का सबसे बड़ा जनतांबत्रक िे श है । िे श

की जनता में िे श के प्रनत अपार प्रेम है िे श की

जनता िे शप्रेम में अनेक िे श भजक्त पर गीत गाती है ।इसमें दहंिी ससनेमा का भी

योगिान

अचधक है

दहंिी क्रफल्मों में जो िे श भजक्त पर गीत हैं उनके माध्यम से छात्रों को गीत सन ु ाएाँ एवं दििाए जायेंगे।

समय – ११.०० से १२.०० ववषय :- तीि – त्योहार भारत ववववधताओं का िे श है । यह ऋवषयों-मुननयों की पावन तपोभूसम है । इस िे श का इनतहास

एवं इसकी संस्कृनत पुरानतन एवं समद्ध ृ है । भगवान राम, कृष्र्, गौतम बुद्ध एवं साई संग अनेकों

आचायों एवं संतों ने इसी पावन भूसम पर अवतार धारर् क्रकया। कहा जाता है क्रक दहमालय की ऊाँची

पवणत श्रेखर्यों में कैलाश पवणत पर आज भी भगवान शंकर-पावणती ववराजमान हैं। अत: इस िे श के तीज – त्योहार भी इन्हीं ववशेषताओं से जुड कर अपनी सांस्कृनतक गररमा पाते हैं। अत: इन्हीं से जुडे कुछ प्रमुि त्योहारों की चचाण यहााँ की जा रही है – गर्ेशोत्सव :भगवान गर्ेश को भगवान सशव – पावणती का पुत्र माना गया है । उनके गजमुि के पीछे भी एक क्रकविं ती है । भारत में क्रकसी भी शुभ कायण एवं पूजा पाठ में सवोप्रथम गर्ेश जी की पूजा की जाती है । भाद्रपि मास की शुक्ल चतुथी के दिन गर्ेशजी की प्रनतमा स्थावपत की जाती है एवं उनकी पूजा अचणना की जाती है । अत: पााँच, सात तथा ग्यारह दिनों तक सावणजननक रूप में चलने वाले इस उत्सव को गर्ेशोत्सव कहा जाता है । महाराष्र में गर्ेशोत्सव प्रमुि उत्सवों में से एक है । माना जाता है क्रक गर्ेशजी इस पूजा – अचणना से प्रसन्न होकर अपने श्रद्धालु भक्तों की मनौनतयााँ पूर्ण करते हैं। अंनतम दिन श्रद्धालु बडे धम ू -धाम से गर्ेशजी की मूनतण को समुद्र अथवा तालाबों में अगले वषण जल्िी लौट आने की मनोकामना के साथ ववसजजणत कर िे ते हैं।

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िग ु ाणपि ू ा :माता िग ु ाण आदिशजक्त का रुप हैं। वे जगत जननी होने के नाते अपने भक्तों पर ममता एवं स्नेह रिती हैं। अजश्वन मास के शुक्ल पक्ष में नौ दिनों तक िग ु ाण प्रनतमा की स्थापना एवं पूजा की जाती है इस उत्सव को सामूदहक रूप में मनाया जाता है । कलकत्ता, गुजरात एवं पूर्ण उत्तर भारत में िग ु ाणपूजा का ववशेष महत्व है । माता को प्रसन्न करने की इच्छा से भक्त नौ दिन तक व्रत – उपवास रिते हैं। गुजरात एवं मब ुं ई में नवराबत्रयों में सावणजननक रुप में गरबा नत्ृ य का आयोजन भी क्रकया जाता है । श्रीकृष्ट्र् िन्माष्ट्टमी :माना जाता है क्रक भगवान ववष्र्ु ने माता िे वकी एवं वासुिेव के पुत्र के रुप में धरती पर अवतार धारर् क्रकया था। इस अवतार में श्याम वर्ण होने के नाते उनका नाम कृष्र् रिा गया। कहा जाता है क्रक भगवान श्रीकृष्र् ने जन्म लेते ही अपनी लीलाएाँ प्रारं भ कर िी थीं। भाद्रपि मास के कृष्र् पक्ष की अष्टमी को रात बारह बजे कृष्र् का जन्म मथरु ा नरे श कंस के कारावास में हुआ था। अत: इसी अष्टमी को पूरे भारत में जन्माष्टमी के रुप में मनाया जाता है । भक्तजन इस दिन व्रत रिकर भगवान के जन्म का उत्सव मनाते हैं। भारत में , ववशेषकर मुंबई में इस दिन िही हं डी का उत्सव मनाया जाता है । मुंबई का यह िहीहं डी उत्सव अब ववश्वप्रससद्ध होता जा रहा है । माना जाता है क्रक कृष्र् ने अपने बाल रुप में मटकी फोड कर मख्िन चरु ाया था इससलए भक्तजन गोपाल के रुप में मानवीय वपरासमड बना कर िहीहं डी फोडते हैं।

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स्वाध्याय :१) गर्ेश जी क्रकनके पुत्र हैं ?

२) गर्ेश जी का मुि क्रकसके समान है ?

३) क्रकसी भी शभ ु कायण में सबसे पहले क्रकसकी पज ू ा की जाती है ?

४) गर्ेश प्रनतमा की स्थापना क्रकस दिन की जाती है ?

५) मााँ िग ु ाण क्रकसका रुप हैं ?

६) मााँ िग ु ाण की पूजा क्रकतने दिन की जाती है ?

७) भारत में क्रकन स्थानों पर िग ु ाण पूजा का ववशेष महत्व है ?

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८) नवराबत्रयों में कौन सा नत्ृ य सामूदहक रुप में क्रकया जाता है ?

९) भगवान कृष्र् के माता – वपता का नाम सलखिए।

१०) श्री कृष्र् जन्म उत्सव को क्या कहते हैं ?

११) कृष्र् का जन्म कब हुआ ?

१२) कृष्र् का जन्म कहााँ हुआ था ?

१३) मुंबई में कृष्र्जन्म उत्सव को और क्रकस नाम से पुकारा जाता है ?

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V.P.M.’s Kyoto Sangyo University Training Programme

English Conversational Skills

Faculty: Prof. Ms. Tanvi K. Pokhare, Prof. Mr. Prashant P. Dharmadhikari Prof. Ms. Manchumol Thomas

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Kyoto-Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan and VPM’s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India Cultural Exchange Programme: Schedule of Students’ Visit August 31 to September 11, 2015 Date/Time

08.30-09.30

09.30-10.00 10.00-12.00

12.00-13.00

13.00-15.00

15.00-17.00

Monday 31/08/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 1

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 1

Lunch

English Lesson 1

Interaction at Arts/Commerce College, Thane

Tuesday 01/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 2

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 2

Lunch

English Lesson 2

Interaction at VPM’s Polytechnic, Thane

Wednesday 02/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 3

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 3

Lunch

English Lesson 3

Interaction at Law College, Thane

Thursday 03/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 4

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 4

Lunch

English Lesson 4

Interaction at Science College, Thane

Friday 04/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 5

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 5

Lunch

English Lesson 5

Hindi Movie

Saturday 05/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Lonavala

Journey: Thane to Lonavala

Visit to Karla Caves

Visit to Atmasantulan Village

Return journey: Lonavala to Thane

Sunday 06/09/2015

Breakfast and departure to Mumbai

Visit to Gateway of India

Visit to Mani Bhavan

Lunch

Visit to Nehru Centre

Return journey: Mumbai to Thane

Monday 07/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 6

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 6

Lunch

English Lesson 6

Home Visits

Tuesday 08/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 7

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 7

Lunch

English Lesson 7

Sports Event at Thane College

Wednesday 09/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 8

Breakfast

Hindi Lesson 8

Lunch

English Lesson 8

Sports Event at Thane College

Thursday 10/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 9

Breakfast

Enrichment Lecture

Lunch

Enrichment Lecture

Cultural Programme

Friday 11/09/2015

Yoga and Pranayam 10

Breakfast

Disbursal of Certificates

Lunch

Free Time for Shopping

Preparation for Departure to Airport

Lunch

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English Lesson 1 PART: 1 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 31st August, Monday Time: 13.00-14.00 Ice breaking session The teacher-facilitator will conduct ice-breaking session for the students. This would help them to know each other and thereby forming a cohesive learning group which would be quite helpful for further English conversation activities. References: http://www.eslgold.com/speaking/phrases.html http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/speaking-activities

English Lesson 1 PART2 Basic English Usage (Grammar) Date: 31st August, Monday 14.00 – 15.00   

Introduction to English Grammar: Parts of Speech (Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives and Adverbs) Revision and Practice Exercises

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Noun Noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun.

Types of Nouns Proper nouns are the names of specific people and places. Eg. William Shakespeare was a great playwright. Common nouns are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things .eg. boy, family, town, dog etc. Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns Eg. team of players, bouquet of flowers etc. Abstract nouns cannot be seen or touched in the same way as concrete nouns. They are states, events, concepts, feelings, qualities, etc., that have no physical existence eg. Freedom, happiness, idea etc. Concrete nouns are material things that can be seen, touched and used. They are also called as Material nouns e.g. books, chocolates, dresses etc. Identifying Nouns 1.

The city of Metropolis needs a real superhero to fight crime.

2.

The superheroes in Metropolis have some pretty silly superpowers.

3.

John has the most amazing superpower.

4.

With just a little caffeine, John can study all night.

5.

Cowboy Boy lives in a quiet little town in New Mexico.

6.

Captain Football can throw a football over Mount Everest with one hand.

7.

Birdman can talk to birds but the birds have been getting bored with his conversation.

8.

The Grasshopper can jump over cars, trees, and buildings.

9.

The Flea is always itchy and never hesitates to bite his enemies.

10.

All good superheroes fight for truth, justice, and the right to wear spandex.

11.

Homework Girl can complete any task that her teacher assigns in a single class period.

12.

Mister Invisible is awfully hard to find, unless there is snow on the ground.

13.

Turbo Boy has super speed, lots of attitude, and minty fresh breath.

14.

The Mule can carry ten times his own weight.

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15.

Honesty is the best Policy.

16.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

17.

Ice cream, cake and cookies were served at the picnic.

18.

English is my favorite subject.

19.

Courage is a very rare virtue.

20.

Our family is going for a picnic.

Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, and Capitalization Capitalization Rules Directions: underline each letter that should be capitalized. Explain why it should be capitalized. 1. you really only have one good chance to get an education. Why capitalize? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. I'm going to the park with my friend kathy and my dog bart. Why capitalize? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Paul's class schedule said he was taking american history, spanish, english, and math. Why capitalize? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Kyle tied up on his nike air force ones, ate a big mac, and drank a cherry coke. Why capitalize? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. The chicago river runs into the mississippi valley waterways. Why capitalize? ______________________________________________________________________ Common Nouns to Proper Nouns Directions: Change each common noun into a proper noun. 1. car: ______________________________2. restaurant:_________________________ 3. student: _________________________ 4. state:_____________________________ 5. video game: ______________________ 6. book: ______________________________ 7. teacher: _________________________ 8. magazine: __________________________ 9. song: ___________________________ 10. movie: ____________________________

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Capitalization Tasks Directions: on the back or a separate sheet of paper, write original sentences each of the following tasks. Make sure you capitalize the appropriate letters in your sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Write a sentence that mentions a clothing store and one of your family members. Write a sentence that mentions a famous actor or actress and a movie. Write a sentence that mentions a TV show and a snack product. Write a sentence that mentions a foreign country, a sport, and an athlete. Write a sentence that includes three course titles (classes).

Word Scramble QUESTIONS

ANSWERS

1. CRA

1.

2. DLUTA

2.

3. ITYC

3.

4. DORO

4.

5. HDCIL

5.

6. MFILAY

6.

7. OJB

7.

8. MWNOA

8.

9. GRLI

9.

10. DFNEIR

10.

11. OOCHSL

11.

12. UHSOE

12.

13. PPERA

13.

14. EMIT

14.

15. AMN

15.

16. DORLW

16.

17. ELOEPP

17.

18. IHCRA

18.

19. LABL

19.

20. GMASE

20.

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Gender 1. Masculine gender: A noun is said to be in the Masculine gender if it refers to a male character or member of a species. Man, lion, hero, boy, king, horse and actor are nouns of masculine gender. Example: • A boy is playing in the play-ground. • Hero of the movie is not a native of this country. In these sentences the words “boy” and “hero” are masculine-gender nouns. The next in the Noun-Gender is feminine gender. 2. Feminine gender: A noun is said to be in the feminine gender if it refers to a female member of a species. Woman, lioness, heroine, girl, mare, niece, empress, cow and actress are few of the feminine-gender nouns that we use. Example: • A girl is playing in the play-ground. • Heroine of the movie is not a native of this country. There are three ways of forming the feminine gender of nouns. (i) By adding -ess or -ine to the masculine. Example: Lion - lioness hero - heroine Sometimes the spelling has to be changed slightly before adding -ess. Example: actor - actress (ii) By using an entirely different word. Example: boy - girl (iii) By prefixing or suffixing a word.

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Example: Grandfather-grandmother he-goat - she-goat The masculine-genders and their respective feminine-genders have been given below for your reference. Masculine genders-----Feminine genders 1.

Bachelor----- Spinster

17.

Emperor----- Empress

2.

Bachelor----- Maid

18.

Heir-------Heiress

3.

Bullock----- Heifer

19.

Prince----- Princess

4.

Dog----- Bitch

20.

Lion----- Lioness

5.

Drone------ Bee

21.

Bull----- Cow

6.

Horse----- Mare

22.

Ox----- Cow

7.

Nephew----- Niece

23.

Bridegroom-------Bride

8.

Jew----- Jewess

24.

Tiger----- Tigress

9.

Wizard----- Witch

25.

Actor----- Actress

10.

Heir----- Heiress

26.

Host----- Hostress

11.

Manager----- Manageress

27.

Uncle----- Aunt

12.

Poet----- Poetess

28.

Monk----- Nun

13.

Shepherd----- Shepherdess

29.

Gentleman----- Lady

14.

Benefactor----- Benefactress

30.

Duck----- Duchess

15.

Hunter----- Huntress

16.

Author------Authoress

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Common gender nouns Some nouns are used for both males and females. These nouns are referred to as common gender nouns. Examples baby, guest, bird, infant, cat, owner, cattle, parent, child, passenger, companion, pig, comrade, president, cousin, pupil, dancer, relative, deer, sheep, friend, singer, guardian, student, swan, teacher Neuter Gender nouns:A noun that denotes a lifeless thing is called Neuter Gender. Neuter means neither male nor female. Few Examples of Neuter Gender are:

oks

Television

References: http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/languageartsworksheets/parts-of-speech-worksheets/noun-worksheets/ http://www.english-for-students.com/Noun-Gender.html http://www.havefunteaching.com/worksheets/english-worksheets/plural-nouns-worksheets http://www.esl-library.com/pdf/lessons/1026.type1.28012013.pdf

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A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun to avoid repetition. Subject Pronouns - I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they function as the subject of a sentence: I live in New York. Do you like playing tennis? He doesn't want to come this evening. She works in London. It won't be easy. We are studying pronouns at the moment. You went to Paris last year, didn't you? They bought a new car last month. Object Pronouns - me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book. He told you to come tonight. She asked him to help. They visited her when they came to New York. She bought it at the store. He picked us up at the airport. The teacher asked you to finish your homework. I invited them to a party. Possessive Pronouns - mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs show that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns are similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun. For example - Possessive Pronoun: That book is mine. - Possessive Adjective: That is my book. That house is mine. This is yours. I'm sorry, that's his. Those books are hers. Those students are ours. Look over there, those seats are yours. Theirs will be green. Demonstrative Pronouns - this, that, these, those refer to things. 'this' and 'these' refer to something that is near. 'that' and 'those' refer to things that are farther away.

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This is my house. That is our car over there. These are my colleagues in this room. Those are beautiful flowers in the next field. Possessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives - my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their are often confused with possessive pronouns. The possessive adjective modifies the noun following it in order to show possession. I'll get my books. Is that your car over there? That is his teacher, Mr Jones. I want to go to her store. Its color is red. Can we bring our children? You are welcome to invite your families. They bought their children a lot of presents. References: http://www.studyandexam.com/pronoun2.html http://www.k12reader.com

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Adjective An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. They describe and make our writing more interesting. They can come before a noun or after a be verb (is,was,were) It answers questions like o Which? o What kind? o How many? Before a noun After a ‘be’ verb A fast car The car is fast A new car The car is new A red car The car is red Examples: beautiful, ugly, easy, fast, interesting small, tall, short, big young, old, new, historic, ancient round, square, rectangular red, black, green, purple French, Asian, American, Canadian, Japanese wooden, metallic, plastic, glass, paper

Some of these categories are (roughly in the order in which adjectives are used in English):  

quantity - few, no, one, two, three, four, little, several, many, all, some, every, each, ... opinion - good, better, best, bad, worse, worst, wonderful, splendid, mediocre, awful, fantastic, pretty, ugly, clean, dirty, wasteful, difficult, comfortable, uncomfortable, valuable, worthy, worthless, useful, useless, important, evil, angelic, rare, scarce, poor, rich, lovely, disgusting, amazing, surprising, loathesome, unusual, usual, pointless, pertinent, ...



personality/emotion - happy, sad, excited, scared, frightened, outgoing, funny, sad, zany, grumpy, cheerful, jolly, carefree, quick-witted, blissful, lonely, elated, ...



sound - loud, soft, silent, vociferous, screaming, shouting, thunderous, blaring, quiet, noisy, talkative, rowdy, deafening, faint, muffled, mute, speechless, whispered, hushed, ...



taste - sweet, sour, acidic, bitter, salty, tasty, delicious, savory, delectable, yummy, bland, tasteless, palatable, yummy, luscious, appetizing, tasteless, spicy, watery, ...

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

touch - hard, soft, silky, velvety, bumpy, smooth, grainy, coarse, pitted, irregular, scaly, polished, glossy, lumpy, wiry, scratchy, rough, glassy, ...



size, weight - heavy, light, big, small, little, tiny, tall, short, fat, thin, slender, willowy, lean, svelte, scrawny, skeletal, underweight, lanky, wide, enormous, huge, vast, great, gigantic, monstrous, mountainous, jumbo, wee, dense, weighty, slim, trim, hulking, hefty, giant, plump, tubby, obese, portly, ...



smell - perfumed, acrid, putrid, burnt, smelly, reeking, noxious, pungent, aromatic, fragrant, scented, musty, sweet-smelling,...



speed - quick, fast, slow, speeding, rushing, bustling, rapid, snappy, whirlwind, swift, hasty, prompt, brief, ...



temperature - hot, cold, freezing, icy, frigid, sweltering, wintry, frosty, frozen, nippy, chilly, sizzling, scalding, burning, feverish, fiery, steaming, ...



age - young, old, baby, babyish, teenage, ancient, antique, old-fashioned, youthful, elderly, mature, adolescent, infantile, bygone, recent, modern, ...



distance - short, long, far, distant, nearby, close, faraway, outlying, remote, farflung, neighboring, handy, ...



shape - round, circular, square, triangular, oval, sleek, blobby, flat, rotund, globular, spherical, wavy, straight, cylindrical, oblong, elliptical, zigzag, squiggly, crooked, winding, serpentine, warped, distorted, ...



miscellaneous qualities- full, empty, wet, dry, open, closed , ornate, ...



brightness - light, dark, bright, shadowy, drab, radiant, shining, pale, dull, glowing, shimmering, luminous, gleaming, ...



color - pink, red, orange, yellowish, dark-green, blue, purple, black, white, gray, brown, tanned, pastel, metallic, silver, colorless, transparent, translucent, ...



time - early, late, morning, night, evening, everlasting, initial, first, last, overdue, belated, long-term, delayed, punctual, ...



origin/location - lunar, northern, oceanic, polar, equatorial, Floridian, American, Spanish, Canadian, Mexican, French, Irish, English, Australian, ...



material - glass, wooden, cloth, concrete, fabric, cotton, plastic, leather, ceramic, china, metal, steel, silicon, ...



purpose - folding, swinging, work, racing, cooking, sleeping, dance, rolling, walking, ...

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Circle each adjective or adjectives in the sentences given below. Draw a line under the noun it describes. 1. That was a hilarious play. 2. My mentor was very encouraging. 3. We read an odd story in class. 4. The goal posts look uneven. 5. The water tasted very salty. 6. It was a breezy day. 7. We experienced a terrible earthquake last month. 8. We visited the ancient ruins. 9. I felt uptight before my big test. 10. He was smiling all the way to the bank. 11. I had a sore calf after basketball practice. 12. My eyes were very watery. 13. I ate a juicy red apple. 14. The cloudy day was a bit depressing. List of 100 common personality adjectives that describe people positively adaptable discreet intuitive adventurous dynamic inventive affable easygoing kind affectionate emotional loving agreeable energetic loyal ambitious enthusiastic modest amiable exuberant neat amicable fair-minded nice amusing faithful optimistic brave fearless passionate bright forceful patient broad-minded frank persistent calm friendly pioneering careful funny philosophical charming generous placid communicative gentle plucky compassionate good polite conscientious gregarious powerful considerate hard-working practical convivial helpful pro-active courageous honest quick-witted courteous humorous quiet creative imaginative rational decisive impartial reliable determined independent reserved diligent intellectual resourceful diplomatic intelligent romantic

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self-confident self-disciplined sensible sensitive shy sincere

sociable straightforward sympathetic thoughtful tidy tough

unassuming understanding versatile warmhearted willing witty

List of 100 common personality adjectives that describe people negatively aggressive gullible pusillanimous aloof harsh quarrelsome arrogant impatient quick-tempered belligerent impolite resentful big-headed impulsive rude bitchy inconsiderate ruthless boastful inconsistent sarcastic bone-idle indecisive secretive boring indiscreet selfish bossy inflexible self-centred callous interfering self-indulgent cantankerous intolerant silly careless irresponsible sneaky changeable jealous stingy clinging lazy stubborn compulsive materialistic stupid conservative mean superficial cowardly miserly tactless cruel moody timid cunning narrow-minded touchy cynical nasty thoughtless deceitful naughty truculent detached nervous unkind dishonest obsessive unpredictable dogmatic obstinate unreliable domineering overcritical untidy finicky overemotional untrustworthy flirtatious parsimonious vague foolish patronizing vain foolhardy perverse vengeful fussy pessimistic vulgar greedy pathetic grumpy possessive References: http://englishlinx.com/adjectives/regular/Circling-Adjectives-P-2-2.pdf http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.html

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Adverbs Adverbs: An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Modifying a verb:

Denise always shops at the mall.

Modifying an adjective:

She is usually particular about what she buys.

Modifying an adverb: She comes to the mall very early. Adverbs answer the questions how, when, where, or to what extent. Intensifiers are adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs. They usually come directly before the word they modify. Intensifiers usually answer the question “To what extent?” Adverbs How? When? Where? To what extent? Intensifiers (make words stronger)

slowly, quickly, quietly today, rarely, annually, yesterday, daily nearby, there, around, outside, inside rather, quite, extremely, very almost, extremely, quite, so, usually, especially, nearly, really, too, very

Many adverbs are formed by adding the suffix –ly to adjectives. Sometimes a base word’s spelling changes when –ly is added. Adjectives: strong immediate easy happy near Adverbs: strongly immediately easily ________

_______

PART A: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences. Draw an arrow from each adverb to the word that it modifies. THESE ADVERBS ARE ONLY MODIFYING VERBS. 1. She bought an expensive necklace cheaply. 2. A load of salmon arrived on the docks yesterday. 3. People who shop wisely can save a great deal of money. 4. There is a big sale at the mall today. 5. Denise always goes to sales. 6. Our space probe landed softly on the moon today. 7. Quickly, we gathered our gear.

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PART B: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences. Draw an arrow from each adverb to the word that it modifies. THESE ADVERBS ARE ONLY MODIFYING ADJECTIVES. 1. In the past, she has been very lucky with her buys. 2. For example, she bought a nearly new tent at the outdoors store. 3. She is amazingly skillful in both spending and saving money. 4. In its place, was a brand new store? 5. On the other hand, where can you get a really tasty ice cream cone? 6. The boys were extremely nice to the new student. 7. The football game was rather fun.

PART C: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences. Draw an arrow from each adverb to the word that it modifies. THESE ADVERBS ARE MODIFYING VERBS, ADJECTIVES AND OTHER ADVERBS. 1. The guard walked very cautiously into the building. 2. The lifeguard swam extremely fast. 3. The busy beaver gnawed quite furiously on the tree trunk. 4. The boy is rather talented; he’ll go far if he works hard. 5. Quite suddenly, the horse bolted across the field. 6. She will rather proudly show you the suitcase that she bought for next to nothing. 7. Yesterday, they stepped inside, and the clerk asked if she could help them. PART D: Write four sentences that contain an adverb. Underline the adverb, and draw an arrow to the word(s) being modified. 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________

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English Schedule Types of Adverb

Adverb modifies verb by giving us the following information. 1. How the action occurs 2. Where the action occurs 3. How many times action occur 4. At which time the action occurs 5. Intensity of action Adverbs are categorized on the basis of it information it gives, into the following categories. 1. Adverbs of manner 2. Adverb of place 3. Adverb of time 4. Adverb of frequency

Adverbs of Manner

These adverbs tell us that in which manner the action occurs or how the action occurs or occurred or will occur. Examples.- She speaks loudly. He was driving slowly. You replied correctly. Adverb of Place. Adverb of place tells us about the place of action or where action occurs/occurred/will occur. e.g. here, there, near, somewhere, outside, ahead, on the top, at some place.

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Examples. He will come here. The children are playing outside. He was standing near the wall They were flying kites on the top of the hill. She went upstairs. Adverb of time These adverbs tell us about the time of action. e.g. now, then, soon, tomorrow, yesterday, today, tonight, again, early, yesterday. Examples. I will buy a computer tomorrow. The guest came yesterday. Do it now. She is still waiting for her brother He got up early in the morning.

Adverb of frequency Adverbs of frequency tell us how many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur. e.g. daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever, generally, rarely, monthly, yearly. Examples. He goes to school daily. She never smokes. He is always late for the class. Barking dogs seldom bite. The employees are paid monthly.

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Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs from the box. Write the kind of adverb against each sentence. The same adverb can be used more than once. Occasionally Very

Sometimes Never

Usually Mostly

Rarely Often

Once always

I …………………….. go to bed at 10 o’clock. (…………………………………) I have …………………. been to the USA. (…………………………………) I have been to Australia just ………………….. (…………………………………) I ………………….. take a bath before I go to bed. (…………………………………) My grandparents live in Kerala. I visit them …………………… (…………………………………) 6. My friends are ………………… non-smokers. (…………………………………) 7. I was …………………… impressed with her performance. (…………………………………) 8. I ………………….. go for a walk in the park. (…………………………………) 9. I watch English films …………………. (…………………………………) 10. They …………………. go out. (…………………………………) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Complete the following with suitable adverbs. Choose from the given box. Almost Very There Ever So Sometimes Clearly Perhaps Seldom Certainly 1. I have ………………….. finished. 2. He is ………………… clever. 3. There is …………………. something wrong. 4. ……………….. I think I should take a long break. 5. ………………… her train is late. 6. He is ……………….. late for work. 7. She is ……………….. the right person for the job. 8. Have you ………………. wanted to run away? 9. You can see lots of flowers ………………. 10. They are ………………… beautiful.

This list of adverbs can also be useful when understanding what an adverb is and how to identify one:     

Accidentally Always Angrily Anxiously Awkwardly

    

Badly Blindly Boastfully Boldly Bravely

    

Brightly Cheerfully Coyly Crazily Defiantly

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                           

Deftly Deliberately Devotedly Doubtfully Dramatically Dutifully Eagerly Elegantly Enormously Evenly Eventually Exactly Faithfully Finally Foolishly Fortunately Frantically Frequently Gleefully Gracefully Happily Hastily Honestly Hopelessly Hourly Hungrily Innocently Inquisitively

                           

Irritably Jealously Justly Kindly Lazily Loosely Madly Merrily Mortally Mysteriously Nervously NeverObediently Obnoxiously Occasionally Often Only Perfectly Politely Poorly Powerfully Promptly Quickly Rapidly Rarely Really Regularly Rudely

                           

Safely Seldom Selfishly Seriously Shakily Sharply Silently Slowly Solemnly Sometimes Speedily SteadilySternly Technically Tediously Tenderly Terrifically Tightly Totally Tremendously Unexpectedly Usually Victoriously Vivaciously Warmly Wearily Weekly Wildly

Practice Session Identify the Adverbs 1. Brianna arrogantly told her friends that her dad had bought another yacht. 2. Kaitlyn and I nervously gave our oral report about the cause of the American Revolution. 3. Makayla tenderly kissed her baby sister on the cheek. 4. Austin's dad drove home safely all the way from Florida. 5. Thomas brilliantly explained the answer to the challenging math problem. 6. Jacob angrily took the toy from his sister. 7. Jason lazily climbed out of bed. 8. Mr. Higmire affectionately patted his playful Labrador retriever on the head. 9. Hailey sighed dramatically when her mother asked her to wash the dishes. References: http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/list-of-adverbs.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/topic/adverbs

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English Lesson 2 PART 1 st Date: 1 September 2015,Tuesday Basic English Usage (Grammar): Time: - 13.00– 14.00 • Parts of Speech (Articles, Prepositions) • Revision and Practice Exercises Articles The English Language has two types of articles: definite (the) and indefinite (a, an.) The use of these articles depends mainly on whether you are referring to any member of a group, or to a specific member of a group: INDEFINITE ARTICLES A / AN Use 'a' with nouns starting with a consonant (letters that are not vowels), 'an' with nouns starting with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) Examples A boy An apple A car An orange A house An opera NOTE: An before an h mute - an hour, an honour. A before u and eu when they sound like 'you': a european, a university, a unit The indefinite article is used: to refer to something for the first time: e.g. An elephant and a mouse fell in love. Would you like a drink? I've finally got a good job. to refer to a particular member of a group or class with names of jobs: e.g.John is a doctor. Mary is training to be an engineer. He wants to be a dancer. with nationalities and religions: e.g. John is an Englishman. Kate is a Catholic.

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with musical instruments: e.g. Sherlock Holmes was playing a violin when the visitor arrived. (BUT to describe the activity we say "He plays the violin.") with names of days: e.g. I was born on a Thursday to refer to a kind of, or example of something: e.g. The mouse had a tiny nose The elephant had a long trunk It was a very strange car with singular nouns, after the words 'what' and 'such': e.g. What a shame! She's such a beautiful girl. meaning 'one', referring to a single object or person: e.g. I'd like an orange and two lemons please. The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting. Notice also that we usually say a hundred, a thousand, a million. NOTE: that we use 'one' to add emphasis or to contrast with other numbers: I don't know one person who likes eating elephant meat. We've got six computers but only one printer. DEFINITE ARTICLE THE Articles in English are invariable. That is, they do not change according to the gender or number of the noun they refer to, e.g. the boy, the woman, the children 'The' is used: 1. to refer to something which has already been mentioned. e.g .An elephant and a mouse fell in love. The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk,and the elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose. 2. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even if it has not been mentioned before. e.g.'Where's the bathroom?' 'It's on the first floor.' 3. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object: e.g.The man who wrote this book is famous. 'Which car did you scratch?' 'The red one‘. My house is the one with a blue door.' 4. to refer to objects we regard as unique: e.g the sun, the moon, the world 5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers: (see Adjectives) e.g. the highest building, the first page, the last chapter. 6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people: e.g. the Japanese (List of nationalities in English), the old 7. with names of geographical areas and oceans: e.g. the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic 8. with decades, or groups of years:

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e.g.She grew up in the seventies Practice session Insert a‘, ‘an‘ or the‘ wherever necessary: 1. I want ____ apple from the basket. 2. ______ church on the corner is progressive. 3. Miss Lin speaks______ Chinese. 4. I borrowed______ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens. 5. One of the students said, ―______ professor is late today.‖ 6. I bought ____umbrella to go out in the rain. 7. Please give me ______ cake that is on the counter. 8. I lived on______ Main Street when I first came to town. 9. ______ man is known by the company he keeps. 10. ______ Lord Ganesha is ______ Indian God. Preposition: A Preposition is a word normally placed before nouns or a pronoun.

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Prepositions -About, above, across, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, during, for, from, into, of, off, on, over. Tell me about your family. It was written by Shakespeare. We went by train. I was at home. She came on Monday. She lives in England. Come with us. Where are you from? I have not seen her since two O'clock. I have not seen her for two Hours. Practice Session Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. • I'm tired____waiting for you. • The police car chased the robbers _______ the streets. • You can look the word_____in the dictionary. • She had problems _____ reading the instructions. • The song was written ________ Madonna.

In each of the questions below, three of the words given are common prepositions. One is not a preposition. Your job is to kick out the word 1.over on race through 2.fuzzy between up beside 3.during after outside school 4. across amazingly above about 5. near of screamed without

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Prepositions are short words that usually stand in front of nouns Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the situation. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by heart (study tips). The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English: Prepositions – Time English 

on

 in

Usage  days of the week    

months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)

Example  on Monday    

in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour

 at

 for night  for weekend  a certain point of time (when?)

 at night  at the weekend  at half past nine

 since

 from a certain point of time (past till now)

 since 1980

 for

 over a certain period of time (past till now)

 for 2 years

 ago

 a certain time in the past

 2 years ago

 before

 earlier than a certain point of time

 before 2004

 to

 telling the time

 ten to six (5:50)

 past

 telling the time

 ten past six (6:10)

 to / till / until

 marking the beginning and end of a period of time

 from Monday to/till Friday

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English

Usage

Example

 till / until

 in the sense of how long something is going to last

 He is on holiday until Friday.

 by

 in the sense of at the latest  up to a certain time

 I will be back by 6 o’clock.  By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction) English

Usage

Example

 in

 room, building, street, town, country  book, paper etc.  car, taxi  picture, world

 in the kitchen, in London  in the book  in the car, in a taxi  in the picture, in the world

 at

 meaning next to, by an object  for table  for events  place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)

 at the door, at the station  at the table  at a concert, at the party  at the cinema, at school, at work

   

attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right)  for a floor in a house  for public transport  for television, radio

 the picture on the wall  London lies on the Thames.  on the table  on the left  on the first floor  on the bus, on a plane  on TV, on the radio

 by, next to, beside

 left or right of somebody or something

 Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

 under

 on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else

 the bag is under the table

 on

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English

Usage

Example

 below

 lower than something else but above ground

 the fish are below the surface

 over

 covered by something else  meaning more than  getting to the other side (also across)  overcoming an obstacle

 put a jacket over your shirt  over 16 years of age  walk over the bridge  climb over the wall

 above

 higher than something else, but not directly over it

 a path above the lake

 across

 getting to the other side (also over)  getting to the other side

 walk across the bridge  swim across the lake

 through

 something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

 drive through the tunnel

 to

 movement to person or building  movement to a place or country  for bed

 go to the cinema  go to London / Ireland  go to bed

 into

 enter a room / a building

 go into the kitchen / the house

 towards

 movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

 go 5 steps towards the house

 onto

 movement to the top of something

 jump onto the table

 from

 in the sense of where from

 a flower from the garden

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Other important Prepositions English Usage

Example

 from

 who gave it

 a present from Jane

 of

 who/what does it belong to  what does it show

 a page of the book  the picture of a palace

 by

 who made it

 a book by Mark Twain

 on

 walking or riding on horseback  entering a public transport vehicle

 on foot, on horseback  get on the bus

 in

 entering a car / Taxi

 get in the car

 off

 leaving a public transport vehicle

 get off the train

 out of

 leaving a car / Taxi

 get out of the taxi

 by

 rise or fall of something  travelling (other than walking or horseriding)

 prices have risen by 10 percent  by car, by bus

 at

 for age

 she learned Russian at 45

about

 for topics, meaning what about

 we were talking about you

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English Lesson 2 PART 2 st Date: 1 September 2015,Tuesday Basic English Usage (Grammar): Time:- 14.00-15.00 • Parts of Speech (Conjunctions and Verbs) • Revision and Practice Exercises Conjunctions are words which join two words or sentences. The most common conjunctions are ' and', but,for, or, nor, also, either… .or, Neither… .nor, after, because, if ,that, though, although, till, before, unless, as, not only….but also • I like football, but I don't like handball. • I was tired, so I went to bed. • We will go either to Singapore or to Malaysia this summer. • If you do not listen to me, you must face the consequences. • Since I need you, I like you. Practice session: Fill in the blanks in the sentences below using one of the three common conjunctions: and, but, or 1. The school marching band practiced hard______they still did not sound very good. 2. The two brothers went camping________swimming every summer. 3. Would you like to play cards_________read a book? 4. The race car rounded the track for the last lap___________ran out of gas Before it made it to the finish line. 5. Our mother said we could have either pancakes_________waffles for breakfast on Saturday morning. 6. The book was over 300 pages long________I read the whole thing. 7. Maria is not allowed to watch television____________play outside until her homework is done. 8. Sarah wants to learn how to knit___________she doesn't have any yarn. 9. The policeman catches criminals___________keeps everyone safe. 10. Would you rather have a banana_________an orange in your lunch today? References: http://www.funenglishgames.com/grammargames/conjunction.html Verbs A Verbs is a kind of word that usually tells about an action or a state and is the main part of a sentence. Every sentence has a verb.

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• The cat slept. • That is John. • She loves you. • They are running. • Go there on Monday. • He said, "hello!"

Practice session Circle the verb in each sentence below. 1. Sal listens to his favorite song. 2. Craig hits the baseball over the fence. 3. The little pig grunts. 4. The roof of the house leaks. 5. The hunter searches for a deer. 6. Dr. Gold examines his patient. 7. The bluebird in the tree sings beautifully. 8. The football team dashes out of the locker room. 9. Paul reads The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 10. Mrs. Gray buys a roll of paper towels at the store. Note: Irregular Verbs List                      

Base Form Past Simple Past Participle beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bid bid bid bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn burned/burnt burned/burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done

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                                             

draw drew drawn dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt drive drove driven drink drank drunk eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got (sometimes gotten) give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learned/learnt learned/learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen

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 sell sold sold  send sent sent  show showed showed/shown  shut shut shut  sing sang sung  sit sat sat  sleep slept slept  speak spoke spoken  spend spent spent  stand stood stood  swim swam swum  take took taken  teach taught taught  tear tore torn  tell told told  think thought thought  throw threw thrown  understand understood understood  wake woke woken  wear wore worn  win won won Practice Session 1. 1) The house is dirty. I (clean) _______ ________ it on Monday. 2) (cook) _______ you ________ on Tuesday, please? 3) It looks like the washer is broken. I (ask) _______ _______ a repair man to come Wednesday. 4) Okay then, our group (meet) _______ ________ on Thursday. 5) Helga (hike) _______ you _______ with us on Friday? 6) If necessary, we (carry) _______ ________ the supplies in our car Saturday 7) John and Wes, (read) _______ you _______ to the children on Sunday? Practice Session 2. 1) I guess I (ride) _______ _______ the bus to save gas. 2) The cookies are all gone. (buy) _______ you _______ some please? 3) Listen, team: we (win) _______ _______ the trophy this year! 4) Everyone is hungry. I (get) _______ _______ some doughnuts for breakfast. 5) Peter, (fix) _______ you _______ the porch tomorrow? 6) Becky, (go) _______ you _______ to Alaska with us this summer? 7) If we take a trip, we (put) _______ ________ Barkley in a kennel. References: http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbtext.html http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/article.htm http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/definite_article.php http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/indefinite_article.php

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English Lesson 3 PART 1 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 2nd September 2015, Wednesday Time: 13.00-14.00 PUNCTUATION MARKS Punctuation marks are an important part of English grammar and writing. What are punctuation marks? A punctuation mark is a mark (sign) used in writing to divide texts into phrases and sentences. Some common Punctuation marks are: Period (full stop) ( . ) Comma ( , ) Question mark ( ? ) Exclamation mark ( ! ) Colon ( : ) Semicolon ( ; ) Single quotation marks ( ' ' ) Double quotation marks ( " " ) Parentheses ( ) Brackets [ ] and Braces { } Hyphen ( ‐ ) En dash (–) em dash ( — ) Ellipsis (. . . ) Apostrophe ( ' ) Slash ( / ) Some additional punctuation marks are: Ampersand ( & ) Asterisk ( * ) At sign ( @ ) Bullet ( • ) Degree symbol ( ° ) Number sign ( # ) Percent sign ( % ) Underscore symbol ( _ ) Copyright symbol ( © ) Registered trademark symbol ( ® ) Trademark symbol ( ™ ) Dollar sign ( $ )

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Why is punctuation important? When we speak, we can pause or emphasize certain words and phrases to help people understand what we are saying. In our writing, we use punctuation to show pauses and emphasis. Punctuation marks help the reader understand what we mean. A punctuation mark is a mark, or sign, used in writing to divide texts into phrases and sentences and make the meaning clear. In this lesson, we will look at some common Punctuation marks and mistakes. You will see examples of what happens if you omit or misuse some common punctuation marks. Punctuation Exercise Use appropriate punctuation marks in the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

We had a great time in France the kids really enjoyed it Some people work best in the mornings others do better in the evenings What are you doing next weekend Mother had to go into hospital she had heart problems Did you understand why I was upset It is a fine idea let us hope that it is going to work We will be arriving on Monday morning at least I think so A textbook can be a wall between teacher and class The girls father sat in a corner In the words of Murphys Law Anything that can go wrong will go wrong A grandparents job is easier than a parents It looks as if the sun goes around the earth but of course the earth really goes round the sun He neither smiled spoke nor looked at me Long ago in a distant country there lived a beautiful princess It was my aunt who took Peter to London yesterday not my father. Ruth was invited to the party but she was ill so Jane went instead of her Sorry to disturb you could I speak to you for a moment Is it any use expecting them to be on time Johns going to sleep during the wedding was rather embarrassing Having lost all my money I went home

References: www.englishpractice.com/punctuation/punctuation-exercise-2/ www.englishgrammar.org/punctuation-exercise/ www.edufind.com

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Prefixes and suffixes are sets of letters that are added to the beginning or end of another word. They are not words in their own right and cannot stand on their own in a sentence: if they are printed on their own they have a hyphen before or after them. Prefixes Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. For example: word prefix new word happy ununhappy cultural multi- multicultural work over- overwork space cyber- cyberspace market super- supermarket e.g. prefix + verb Prefix

verb Meaning

Examples

re-

again or back

dis-

reverses the meaning of the verb disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect, discontinue

over-

too much

un-

reverses the meaning of the verb unbend, uncouple, unfasten

mis-

badly or wrongly

mislead, misinform, misidentify

out-

more or better than others

outperform, outbid

be-

make or cause

befriend, belittle

co-

together

co-exist, co-operate, co-own

de-

do the opposite of

devalue, deselect

fore-

earlier, before

foreclose, foresee

inter-

between

interact, intermix, interface

pre-

before

pre-expose, prejudge, pretest

sub-

under/below

subcontract, subdivide

restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance

overbook, oversleep, overwork

trans- across, over

transform, transcribe, transplant

under- not enough

underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop

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Nouns The most common prefixes used to form new nouns in academic English are: coand sub-. The most common suffixes are: -tion, -ity, -er, -ness, -ism, -ment, -ant, -ship, -age, -ery. By far the most common noun affix in academic English is -tion. e.g. prefix + noun Prefix

noun

Meaning

Examples

anti-

against

anticlimax, antidote, antithesis

auto-

self

autobiography, automobile

bi-

two

bilingualism, biculturalism, bi-metalism

co-

joint

co-founder, co-owner, co-descendant

counter- against

counter-argument, counter-example, counter-proposal

dis-

the converse of discomfort, dislike

ex-

former

ex-chairman, ex-hunter

hyper-

extreme

hyperinflation, hypersurface

in-

the converse of inattention, incoherence, incompatibility

in-

inside

inpatient,

inter-

between

interaction, inter-change, interference

kilo-

thousand

kilobyte

mal-

bad

malfunction, maltreatment, malnutrition

mega-

million

megabyte

mis-

wrong

misconduct, misdeed, mismanagement

mini-

small

mini-publication, mini-theory

mono-

one

monosyllable, monograph, monogamy

neo-

new

neo-colonialism, neo-impressionism

out-

separate

outbuilding,

poly-

many

polysyllable

pseudo- false

pseudo-expert

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re-

again

re-organisation, re-assessment, re-examination

semi-

half

semicircle, semi-darkness

sub-

below

subset, subdivision

super-

more than, abovesuperset, superimposition, superpowers

sur-

over and above surtax

tele-

distant

telecommunications,

tri-

three

tripartism

ultra-

beyond

ultrasound

under-

below, too little

underpayment, under-development, undergraduate

vice-

deputy

vice-president

Suffixes Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. For example: word suffix new word child

-ish

childish

work

-er

worker

taste -less

tasteless

idol

-ize/-ise idolize/idolise

like

-able

likeable

The addition of a suffix often changes a word from one word class to another. In the table above, the verb like becomes the adjective likeable, the noun idol becomes the verb idolize, and the noun child becomes the adjective childish . e.g. Suffix added to a verb (V), noun (N) or adjective (A) noun Suffix

Meaning

Examples

-tion -sion

action/instance of V-ing

alteration, demonstration expansion, inclusion, admission

-er

person who V-s something used for V-ing

advertiser, driver computer, silencer

-ment

action/instance of V-ing

development, punishment, unemployment

-ant

person who V-s

assistant, consultant

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-ent

student

-age

action/result of V

breakage, wastage, package

-al

action/result of V

denial, proposal, refusal, dismissal

-ence -ance

action/result of V

preference, dependence, interference attendance, acceptance, endurance

-ery/-ry

action/instance of V-ing place of V-ing

bribery, robbery, misery refinery, bakery

Suffix

Meaning

Examples

-er

person concerned with N

astronomer, geographer

-ism

doctrine of N

Marxism, Maoism, Thatcherism

-ship

state of being N

friendship, citizenship, leadership

-age

collection of N

baggage, plumage

Suffix

Meaning

Examples

-ity

state or quality of being A

ability, similarity, responsibility, curiosity

-ness

state or quality of being A

darkness, preparedness, consciousness

-cy

state or quality of being A

urgency, efficiency, frequency

Some prefixes and suffixes are part of our living language, in that people regularly use them to create new words for modern products, concepts, or situations. For example: word security clutter media email

prefix or suffix biodemulti-er

new word biosecurity declutter multimedia emailer

Email is an example of a word that was itself formed from a new prefix, e- , which stands for electronic . This modern prefix has formed an ever-growing number of other Internet-related words, including e-book , e-cash , e-commerce , and e-tailer .

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Use a prefixes to find the opposite of these verbs: 1- wrap 2- use 3- agree 4- engage behave 6- understand 7- fold 8- spell 9- connect 10- close

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Put the words in brackets in the appropriate form (use a prefixes or a suffixes): 1. He was acting in a very 2. She looked

way. (child)

.She started to cry. (happy)

3. He passed his exam. He was

for the second time. (succeed)

4. The team that he supported were able to win the

. (champion)

5. I couldn't find any

in his theory. (weak)

6. He wants to be a

when he grows up. (mathematics)

7. There were only a

of people at the match. (hand)

8. The road was too narrow, so they had to 9. I think that you should to do. (consider)

it. (wide)

your decision. It may not be the best thing

10. You need a of motivation, organization and hard work to realize your dreams.(combine) References: http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/vocabulary-exercise-affixes.php http://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/prefixes-and-suffixes http://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm https://www.sinclair.edu/.../

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English Lesson 3 PART 2 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 2nd September 2015 Time: 14.00-15.00 KINDS OF SENTENCES Sentences may be classified according to the purpose of the speaker or writer. The four principal purposes of a sentence are described below. 1.

The declarative sentence / assertive sentences is used to make a statement of fact, wish, intent, or feeling. Declarative sentences can be either positive (affirmative) or negative. Declarative sentences that have a positive meaning are called affirmative sentences. 

Affirmative sentences tell us what something has, does, or is.

Declarative sentences that have a negative meaning are called negative sentences. Negative sentences are the opposite of affirmative sentences. 

Negative sentences tell us what something doesn't (does not) have, can't (cannot) do, or isn't (is not).



Negative sentences tell us something is not true.

Examples: Positive (Affirmative)

Negative

The balloon is red.

The balloon is not blue.

The baby is crying.

The baby isn’t happy.

The man has a horse.

The man does not have a dog.

He is sleeping.

He is not awake.

The television is broken.

The television is not broken.

ex. • They are my friends. • This is not my ball. • Tell your friends that you will join them after 6pm.

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• He is not in town now. • Her mother is ill. • A child is crying in the backyard. • We are members of this organization. • It belongs to him. 2. The imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish. ex: Go to your room. (an order) Please lend me your book. (a request) Have a good time at the picnic. (a wish) 3. The interrogative sentence is used to ask a question. It is followed by a question mark. Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'. Question words who

Meaning

person

where place

Examples Who's that? That's Nancy. Where do you live? In Boston

reason

Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early

when

time

When do you go to work? At 7:00

how

manner

How do you go? By car

what

object, idea or action

What do you do? I am an engineer

why

which choice

Which one do you prefer? The red one.

whose possession

Whose is this book? It's Alan's.

whom object of the verb

Whom did you meet? I met the manager.

what kind description

What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs

what time time

What time did you come home?

how manyquantity (countable)

How many students are there? There are twenty.

how muchamount, price (uncountable) How much time have we got? Ten minutes how long

duration, length

how oftenfrequency

How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks. How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.

how far distance

How far is your school? It's one mile far.

how old age

How old are you? I'm 16.

how comereason

How come I didn't see you at the party?

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eg.       

How are you? Where are you? What do you do? Where is your brother? What did happen to your car? Why cannot you become a member of this organization? Where do you live?

4. An exclamatory sentence is used to express strong feeling. It is followed by an exclamation point. Like Wow! 0phs! Alas! Brilliant! Oh! Awesome! Ouch! Amazing! Bravo! Fantastic! Eureka! Hooray! Gosh! Jeepers! Magnificent! Unbelievable! 

Wow, that was a thrilling ride!



Brilliant, you solved the puzzle!



Awesome, you got the job!



Ouch, that really hurts!



I don’t know what you feel but, sheesh, I think the food was too expensive!

Classifying Sentences. Use the numbers above to classify these sentences. Example: Susan is a senior. 1 1. I wish I could go to Colorado this summer. _____ 2. Please set the table for lunch. _____ 3. The vice-president will visit Egypt next week. _____ 4. Don't you ever get tired of watching television? _____ 5. We bought our car in April, 1975. _____ 6. Didn't I meet you at Rainbow Lake last summer? _____ 7. Have you ever roasted a turkey? _____ 8. Ouch! I burned my finger! _____ 9. Turn left at the second stop sign. _____ 10. San Marino is the smallest republic in Europe. _____ 11. Initial the top right-hand corner of each sheet of paper. _____ 12. Richard Martin's short stories have appeared in many magazines. _____ 13. Have you ever read The Red Badge of Courage? _____ 14. You can't be serious! _____ 15. Meet me at seven o'clock in front of the library. _____ 16. Why are you so worried about the exam? _____ 17. Don't close your mind to the other side of the question. _____ 18. Nancy wants to be a doctor. _____ 19. I can't believe it's all over! _____

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20. Do you attend concerts given by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra? _____ References: http://www.k12reader.com/4-sentence-types/ http://www.english-for-students.com/Sentence.html www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/clauses/decl.htm http://www.k12reader.com/exclamatory-sentences-rock/ https://www.sinclair.edu/centers/tlc/pub/. http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-wh-questions.php http://www.really-learn-english.com/types-of-sentences-in-english.html

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English Lesson 4 PART 1 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 3rd September 2015, Thursday Time: 13.00-14.00 Topic: Modal Auxiliaries Modal auxiliaries A verb that combines with another verb to indicate mood or tense. A modal (also known as a modal auxiliary) expresses necessity, uncertainty, ability, or permission. All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. There are 10 core or central modals in English: can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would. Other modal auxiliaries are need Use of modal verbs: Modal verbs are used to express functions such as: 1. Permission 2. Ability 3. Obligation 4. Prohibition 5. Lack of necessity 6. Advice 7. Possibility 8. Probability

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The modal verbs are:CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD Modal

Example

Can They can control their own budgets. We can’t fix it.

Uses Ability / Possibility Inability / Impossibility

Can I smoke here?

Asking for permission

Can you help me?

Request

Could Could I borrow your dictionary? Could you say it again more slowly?

Asking for permission. Request

We could try to fix it ourselves.

Suggestion

I think we could have another Gulf War.

Future possibility

He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

Ability in the past

May May I have another cup of coffee? China may become a major economic power.

Asking for permission Future possibility

Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eatingPresent possibility their dinner now. Future possibility They might give us a 10% discount. Must We must say good-bye now. Necessity / Obligation They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Prohibition Ought toWe ought to employ a professional writer. Shall Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall we say 2.30 then? Shall I do that or will you? Should We should sort out this problem at once.

Saying what’s right or correct Offer Suggestion Asking what to do Saying what’s right or correct

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I think we should check everything again.

Recommending action

Profits should increase next year.

Uncertain prediction

Will I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. I'll do that for you if you like.

Instant decisions Offer

I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday.

Promise

Profits will increase next year.

Certain prediction

Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Asking for permission Would you pass the salt please? Request Would you mind waiting a moment?

Request

"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Making arrangements Would you like to play golf this Friday?

Invitation

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please."

Preferences

Choose the right modal verb 1.

There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You___________ buy any.

2.

It's a hospital. You________ smoke.

3.

He had been working for more than 11 hours. He_________ be tired after such hard work. He_________ prefer to get some rest.

4.

I _______ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I__________ just say a few things in the language.

5.

The teacher said we________ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But we_______ read it if we don't want to.

6.

_______ you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I _________

7.

If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you_________ to work hard.

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8.

Take an umbrella. It________ rain later.

9.

You_________ leave small objects lying around. Such objects________ be swallowed by children.

10. People_________ walk on grass. 11. Drivers_________ stop when the traffic lights are red. 12. __________I ask a question? Yes, of course. 13. You_______

take your umbrella. It is not raining.

14. ________ you speak Italian? No, I _______ .

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English Lesson 4 PART 2 Basic English Usage (Grammar) Date: 3rd September 2015, Thursday Time: 14.00 – 15.00 Topic: Language Enhancement Lessons What are ... Proverbs, Sayings, Aphorisms,Puns, etc. Here is a list of definitions (with examples), which helps to understand the difference between these terms. It is common to find different words existing in English to represent similar ideas. It is a frequent characteristic of a language with a long history. There are a number of specific types of saying, of which proverb is probably the best known. However, the distinction between them is often pretty vague but definitely exists. Adage An ancient saying or maxim, brief and sometimes mysterious, that has become accepted as conventional wisdom. Example: Where there's smoke, there's fire. Cliché An overly commonplace, banal or trite saying, expression or idea. Clichés can be defined as preconceived twists, hackneyed and worn out by too frequent use of images, modes of expression, speech and thought patterns. These are often used thoughtlessly and without individual conviction. Example: All Americans are very open. Epithet A descriptive term (= word or phrase) used to characterize a person or thing, that has become popular is commonly understood. Example: The Great Emancipator — as a term for Abraham Lincoln. Folklore The term in the narrower sense means oral lore of a group of people. In the broader sense folklore describes the totality of " demotic " traditions. It often has religious or mythical elements. See also: myth, (urban) legend, tale, oral tradition. Hyperbole A figure of speech (or any rhetorical device) in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or

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effect, mostly beyond credibility. It is encountered in casual speech, as in — “I could sleep for a year” — “This book weighs a ton.” Mantra Originated in the Vedic tradition of India; a mantra is now a religious or mystical sound, syllable or poetic phrase used in prayers and during meditation. Example: Gayatri Mantra. Maxim Compared with its approximate synonyms: saying, adage, saw, motto, epigram, proverb, aphorism, the term maxim stresses the succinct formulation of a fundamental principle, general truth, or rule of conduct. Example: Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Motto A brief statement used to express a principle, a motivation, a goal, or an ideal. Examples: Motto of Indian Army- Service before self. Proverb A simple and short saying, widely known, often metaphorical, which expresses a basic truth or practical precept, based on common sense or cultural experience. Example: Honesty is the best policy. Pun This is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of words (or of similar-sounding words) for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. Example: A fool with a tool is still a fool. Quotation This is a repetition — literally taken over from another text or speech and explicitly attributed by a citation. Quotes, whose original context is lost and can no longer be reconstructed, are named fragments. Example: "Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe." (Abraham Lincoln) Saying A short well-known expression — a pithy remark of wisdom and truth or a general advice.

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Example: The road to hell is paved with good intentions. An old familiar saying that is commonplace, longstanding and occasionally trite (sometimes through repetition). Example: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Slogan This is a memorable motto or phrase used as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose. Also called tagline or one liner. Example: Make learning fun. Axiom An axiom (or postulate) is a principle of a theory, scientific model, or an axiomatic system that is and cannot be justified from within the system or derived by deduction. It is in simple words, universally accepted truth. Example: Law of the Excluded Middle [also: principle of the excluded third - this is the third of the three classic laws of thought; it states, that any statement or proposition is either true or wrong] He who laughs last, thinks slowest. In everyday language, the term Axiom is used to describe a fundamental simple truth; like a circle is round. Paradox A paradox is a statement that seemingly or actually contains an irresolvable contradiction. Thus it contradicts itself and yet might be true. It is a statement that apparently contradicts itself and yet might be true. Here are some more examples of paradox in simple forms in order to further define the term "paradox": 

You can save money by spending it.



I'm nobody.



" Wise fool



Bittersweet



"I can resist anything but temptation."-Oscar Wilde

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I'm a compulsive liar- am I lying when I say that?

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A rich man is no richer than a poor man.

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If you didn't get this message, call me.

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

The person who wrote something so stupid can't write at all

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Men work together whether they work together or apart. - Robert Frost

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I must be cruel to be kind

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The beginning of the end

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Drowning in the fountain of eternal life

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Deep down, you're really shallow.

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English lesson 5 PART 1 th Date : 4 September 2015 ,Friday Basic English Usage: Time: 13.00-15.00 • Vocabulary Building- Homophones and Homonyms • Vocabulary Building- Synonyms and Antonyms • Revision and Practice Exercises Homophones Homophones-Homophones are similar sounding words having a different meaning. Homophones are two words that are spelled differently but have the same sound. One example -of this is the words hare and hair. If you hear them out loud without seeing them written down, you don't know if you are talking about a hare (rabbit), or a hair (growing on your head). Complete each sentence by choosing the correct homophones and writing it in the blank. 1. After he was sick for several days, his face was ________________ (pail/pale). 2. She purchased a beautiful new gown ______________(for/four) the dance. 3. Walking down the ___________ (I'll/aisle/isle) to get married can be scary. 4. Glass containers have been _____________ (band/banned) on the beach. 5. The baker systematically kneaded the __________ (doe/dough) for the bread. 6. I'd rather receive my _____________ (male/mail) electronically than on paper. 7. He was considered _______________ (bald/bawled) because he had no hair. 8. We searched everywhere trying to _____________ (fined/find) our lost dog. 9. My favorite stringed instrument is the _______ (base/bass) because it is so big. 10. The fight __________________ (scene/seen) in the movie was extremely exciting! Homographs Homographs are two words that are spelled exactly the same way, but have different meanings and sometimes different pronunciations. One example of this is the word bow. You'd need to hear the word out loud or see it written in a sentence to know whether we were talking about aribbon or a polite gesture. Choose the correct meaning for the homograph in bold for each sentence. 1. Joshua says that he can go on the field trip next week, a. To have permission b. To preserve in a sealed container 2. We had to back the car into the driveway so we could unload the trunk, a. The rear part of the human body b. To cause to move backwards 3. My mother allowed me to keep the change we got when we paid at the store, a. To transform or convert something b. Money given back when paying for goods or services 4. The skies look blue and clear, so it probably is not going to rain,

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a. Free from darkness or cloudiness b. Easily seen or understood 5. Grandpa Henderson lit a match to start the campfire. a. A slender piece of wood tipped with b. To fit together, as two things flammable chemicals

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English Lesson 5 PART 2 Date : 4th September 2015 ,Friday Basic English Usage: Time : 14.00-15.00 • Vocabulary Building- Synonyms and Antonyms • Revision and Practice Exercises Synonyms Synonyms are two words that mean the same or nearly the same as each other. Synonyms for Smart smart alert analytic astute brainy bright brilliant canny cerebral clear-eyed clear-sighted clever  creative cunning deductive  deft discerning egg-headed enlightened exceptional  fast genius hard-boiled hard-headed heady  hyper-intelligent imaginative ingenious inspired intellectual  intelligent inventive judicious keen keen-witted  knowing logical nimble percipient perspicacious  pointed prehensile profound quick quick-witted  resourceful sagacious sage sapient savvy sharp sharp-witted shrewd sophisticated super-smart syllogistic ultra-smart versed wise Synonyms for Dumb dumb      

brainless careless cloudy colorless doltish dopey drab dull dull-witted humdrum idiotic ill-advised ill-conceived ill-considered ill-founded ill-judged illogical imbecilic im-plausible inane lackluster mindless moronic muddled non-sensical obtuse pointless senseless short-sighted

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 silly simple simpleminded slow stodgy stupid trivial un-inspired un-intelligent un-reasonable un-thinking witless Synonyms for Bad bad          

amiss atrocious coarse contaminated contemptible corrupt crappy cruddy crummy defective deficient deplorable depraved disagreeable dismal dissatisfactory evil execrable faulty foul ghastly grungy harmful heinous icky improper infamous inferior injurious junky lousy nasty nefarious off poor quality putrid rotten scandalous sinful sinister snide spoiled substandard tainted the pits uncouth wicked

Synonyms for Awful awful          

abominable appalling atrocious baneful blatant crude deleterious despicable destructive detestable detrimental disastrous disgusting disturbing dreadful egregious excessive flagrant frightening glaring gross grotesque gruesome hideous horrible horrifying hostile injurious jolty monstrous nauseous noxious obnoxious odious offensive outlandish outrageous preposterous put off repellent repulsive rude terrible ugly unreasonable unwarranted upsetting

Synonyms for Important important central considerable constitutional critical elementary eminent especial essential foundational fundamental indispensable inherent intrinsic main necessary needful particular primary principal

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required requisite significant special specific substantial underlying valuable vital Synonyms for Irrelevant irrelevant  beside the point casual idle im-material  in-consequential in-considerable in-different in-significant in-substantial  in-valid light little low-ranking meaningless  minor negligible non-essential nugatory of no account  of no consequence paltry petty picayune second-rate  superficial trifling trivial un-important un-necessary useless worthless Synonyms for Nothing nil null nothing zero zilch zip Synonyms for Interesting interesting  absorbing alluring animating appealing  arresting attractive beckoning bewitching bright  captivating challenging consuming covetable curious  enchanting engaging entertaining enthralling enticing  exciting fascinating fetching inspiring intriguing  inviting involving lively mesmeric moving  piquant prepossessing provocative spellbinding spirited  tantalizing tempting Synonyms for Boring boring  arid banal bromidic characterless  colorless commonplace drab drag drudging  flat hackneyed ho hum humdrum insipid  interminable irksome lame lifeless monotonous  moth-eaten mundane nothing platitudinous prosaic  repetitious routine shop-worn spiritless stale  stereotyped stodgy tame tedious threadbare  tiresome tiring trite un-exciting un-interesting  un-varied vapid wearisome well-worn Synonyms for Good good

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A-1 accomplished all set A-one grade best certified champion choicest crowning distinct excellent exceptional exemplary exquisite extraordinary fine finest first first-class first-grade first-rate fit foremost great greatest high high-quality in-comparable in-valuable magnificent marvelous matchless meritorious notable noted note-worthy out-standing peculiar peerless phenomenal piked premium priceless prime pukka ready remarkable second to none select ship-shape singular sound star sterling striking superb superior superlative supreme tip-top top-grade top-notch transcendent unique un-matched un-precedented un-usual world-class Worthy Synonyms for Complete c o mp l e t e  accomplished all-embracing all-inclusive broad  closed comprehensive concluded done ended  extensive finished fulfilled full overall  perfect wide-ranging far-ranging terminated thorough  total unabridged uncut whole widespread Synonyms for Exact exact accurate appropriate approved correct definite faithful just literal meticulous particular precise proper right rigorous specific spot-on standard strict thorough true truthful

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Synonyms for Suitable s u i t a b l e acceptable adequate appropriate authentic becoming bona fide coherent compatible consistent consistent constant decent decorous desirable favorable fitting founded genuine in agreement reliable satisfactory seemly steady Uniform Practice Session: Find Synonym for each underlined word below by circling your choice. 1. The girls were surprised when they saw the beautiful flowers the delivery boy brought. A) frustrating B) pretty C) fast D) orange 2. Watching the movie with all of my friends from school was fun, but it was too long. A) sticky B) lengthy C) silly D) short 3. Jennifer's roasted hot dog was ruined when it fell into the fire. A) flames B) water C) ground D) refrigerator 4. The librarian asked the children to be silent because everyone was trying to study. A) noisy B) boring C) quiet D) early 5. My grandpa made the new doll house, complete with miniature furniture for every room. A) pretty B) tiny C) fresh D) tall Antonyms Antonyms are words which are meaning wise opposite to each other.Following are commonly used antonyms. Complementary antonyms have a relationship where there is no middle ground. There are only two possibilities, either one or the other. Examples include:                  

Man and woman Push and pull Dead and alive Off and on Day and night Absent and present Exit and entrance Sink or float True or false Pass and fail Former and latter Input and output Interior and exterior Exhale and inhale Input and output Occupied and vacant Leave and arrive Pre and post

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              

Question and answer Single and married Hired and fired Brother and sister Before and after Crooked and straight Identical and different Natural or artificial Silence or noise Identical or different Yes and no Wet and dry Sharp and dull Raise and lower Fantasy and reality

Relational antonyms are sometimes considered a subcategory of complementary antonyms. With these pairs, for there to be a relationship, both must exist. Examples are:                       

Husband and wife Doctor and patient Buy and sell Predator and prey Above and below Give and receive Teach and learn Instructor and pupil Servant and master Borrow and lend Come and go Toward and away Divisor and dividend Parent and child East and west North and south Seller and buyer Mother and daughter Slave and master Floor and ceiling Front and back Up and down Win and lose

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Adding a Prefix Sometimes, an antonym can be easily made by adding a prefix. Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix ―un‖ are:

By adding the prefix ―non‖ you can make these pairs:

noncombatant Lastly, adding the prefix ―in‖ can make the following pairs:

Antonyms list  ¦ Big x little;  ¦ Day x night;  ¦ Fake x real;  ¦ Up x down;  ¦ Near x far;  ¦ Loud x quiet;  ¦ Best x worst;  ¦ Give x take;  ¦ In x out;  ¦ Stop x go;  ¦ Fast x slow;  ¦ Wet x dry;  ¦ Up x down;  ¦ Good x bad;  ¦ Hot x cold;  ¦ Give x take;  ¦ Pull x push;  ¦ Young x old  ¦ Add x subtract;  ¦ Answer x question;  ¦ Create x destroy;  ¦ More x less;  ¦ First x last;  ¦ real x make-believe;  ¦ left x right;  ¦ easy x difficult;  ¦ remember x forget;

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                       

¦ question x answer; ¦ hello x goodbye; ¦ even x odd; ¦ forward x backward; ¦ most x least; ¦ straight x bent; ¦ loose x tight; ¦ part x whole; ¦ north x south; ¦ tomorrow x yesterday; ¦ increase x decrease; ¦ cause x effect; ¦ fact x fiction; ¦ similar x different; ¦ future x past; ¦ simple x complex; ¦ certain x doubtful; ¦ problem x solution; ¦ multiply x divide; ¦ common x rare; ¦ fire x hire; ¦ lead x follow; ¦ rise x fall; ¦ positive x negative;

Choose the correct antonym from the word bank to complete each sentence below. WORD BANK: stop, young, cold , difficult, bright, dry, sour, slow, lazy, short, quiet open, rough, new 1. The fire is hot, but the ice is….. 2. The race car is fast, but the old truck is….. 3. The green light means go, but the red light means….. 4. The grandfather is old, but the grandchild is… 5. The giraffe's neck is long, but the dog's neck is….. 6. Addition is easy, but division is… 7. The candy is sweet, but the lemon is… 8. His sneakers are old, but his socks are … 9. The glass is smooth, but the sandpaper is….. 10. The window is closed, but the door is … 11. The children are noisy, but the adults are….. 12. The puppies are energetic, but the dogs are… 13. The moon is dim, but the sun is… 14. The rainforest is humid, but the desert is…

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Read each word pair. Write an S next to word pairs that are synonyms. Write an A next to word pairs that are antonyms.  sit/stand  watch/view  work/play  pal/friend  car/automobile  wild/tame  dull/boring  protect/defend  buy/sell  jump/leap  book/tome  inside/within  near/distant  miniature/small  angry/irate  musical/melodious  hungry/full  lead/follow  teach/instruct  hot/chilled  smelly/aromatic  noisy/quiet  rapid/fast  rare/uncommon References http://www.synonym.com/ http://www.smart-words.org/list-of-synonyms/ http://www.michigan-proficiency-exams.com/antonym-list.html http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-antonyms.html http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/opposites-antonyms-exercises.html

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English Lesson 6 PART 1 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 7th September 2015 Time: 13.00-14.00 DEGREE OF COMPARISION The Positive degree denotes the mere existence of quality. eg. David is a rich man. The Comparative degree is used to compare two persons or things having the same quality. eg. Cancel is more dreadful than cholera . The Superlative degree is used when more than two persons or things are compared. It is singles one from all the rest. eg. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world . Study the following models. Positive Comparative Superlative Very few boys in the class are as tall as Ram. Ram is taller than Shyam. Ram is the tallest boy in the class. By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’ POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE bright brighter brightest black blacker blackest bold bolder boldest clever cleverer cleverest cold colder coldest fast faster fastest great greater greatest high higher highest kind kinder kindest long longer longest small smaller smallest strong stronger strongest sweet sweeter sweetest tall taller tallest young younger youngest

POSITIVE

By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’ COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

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brave fine large nice noble pale simple wise white

braver finer larger nicer nobler paler simpler wiser whiter

bravest finest largest nicest noblest palest simplest wisest whitest

By deleting the final ‘y’ and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’ POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE costly costlier costliest dry drier driest easy easier easiest happy happier happiest heavy heavier heaviest lazy lasier lasiest mercy mercier merciest wealthy wealthier wealthiest By doubling the final consonats big dim fat hot thin

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE bigger biggest dimmer dimmest fatter fattest hotter hottest thinner thinnest By using more and most

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE active more active most active attractive more attractive most attractive beautiful more beautiful most beautiful brilliant more brilliant most brilliant careful more careful most careful courageous more courageous most courageous cunning more cunning most cunning difficult more difficult most difficult famous more famous most famous faithful more faithful most faithful proper more proper most proper popular more popular most popular

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Irregular Comparisons POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE bad worse worst evil worse worst good better best ill worse worst far farther farthest well better best late later latest little less least much more most many more most near nearer nearest old older oldest old elder eldest Comparison between two things. Positive Comparative Reema is as clever as Rahul Rahul is not clever than Reema Benjamin is atleast as tall as Jane is not taller than Benjamin Jane Comparative Lazar is brighter than Stalin Superlative Akthar is the richest man in Kanpur

Positive Stalin is not so bright as Lazar Comparative Akthar is richer than any other man in Kanpur

Positive No other man in Kanpur is so rich as Akthar

Superlative Comparative Mumbai is one of the biggest city Mumbai is bigger than most in India other city in India

Positive Very few cities in India are so big as Mumbai

Superlative Comparative Shakespeare is the greatest Shakespeare is greater than of all dramatists all other dramatists

Positive No other dramatist is so great as Shakespeare

Positive Comparative Lazar is as strong as Lenin Lenin is not less strong than Lazar Positive Comparative Superlative Some boys in our class are at Some boys in our class are not Benjamin is not the most least as intelligent as intelligent than Benjamin intelligent boy in our class Benjamin

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Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the adjective. 1. She is …………………… than her sister. a) pretty b) prettier c) prettiest 2. Martha is a …………………….. girl. a) nice b) nicer c) nicest 3. Supriya is the ……………………… girl in the class. a) intelligent b) more intelligent c) most intelligent 4. Martin speaks English ………………….. a) well b) better c) best 5. Russia is the ……………………. country in the world. a) big b) bigger c) biggest 6. China is a ……………….. country. a) big b) bigger c) biggest 7. China is …………………… than India. a) big b) bigger c) biggest

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8. This is the …………………… book I have ever read. a) interesting b) more interesting c) most interesting 9. I am …………………. than you. a) smart b) smarter c) smartest 10. Take the ………………….. of the two routes. a) short b) shorter c) shortest 11. No other boy is as ……………………. as James. (tall / taller / tallest) 12. Milk is ………………….. than any other food. (nourishing / more nourishing / most nourishing) 13. Radium is one of the ……………………… metals. (valuable / more valuable / most valuable) 14. Few English poets were as ……………………. as Wordsworth. (great / greater / greatest) 15. Shimla is ………………….. than most other hill stations in India. (famous / more famous / most famous) 16. Gold is one of the ……………………. metals. (precious / more precious / most precious) 17. Solomon was …………………… than any other king. (wise / wiser / wisest) 18. Few historians write as ………………….. as Macaulay. (well / better /best) 19. Very few books are as ……………………. as David Copperfield. (popular / more popular / most popular) 20. A train is …………………. than a car. (fast / faster / fastest) References: www.englishgrammar.org http://www.weblearn.in/degrees_of_comparison/ http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/degrees-comparison-exercise/

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English Lesson 6 PART 2 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 7th September 2015 Time: 14.00-15.00 COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH USE OF ADVERBS Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct USE OF CONJUNCTIONS Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct USE OF NOUNS Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct USE OF PRONOUNS

He does not know to swim. He does not know how to swim. Don't go in the sun. Don't go out in the sun. I know him too well. I know him very well. I shall of course do it. I shall certainly do it.

Now yo`u are tired, you may rest awhile. Now that you are tired, you may rest awhile. No sooner had he died, when his sons began to quarrel. No sooner had he died than his sons began to quarrel. He asked me that why I had not gone there. He asked me why I had not gone there. Until you remain idle, you cannot succeed. As long as you remain idle, you cannot succeed. The clock has struck five hours. The clock has struck five. There is no place in the hall. There is no room in the hall. Little thing has been done. Little has been done. We have an urgent business. We have an urgent piece of business. He came by the 4:30 o'clock train. He came by the 4:30 train. He left the place with his belonging goods. He left the place with his goods.

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Incorrect Correct

Incorrect Correct

He absented from the school yesterday. He absented himself from the school yesterday. He availed of the opportunity. He availed himself of the opportunity. Don't pride on your victory. Don't pride yourself on your victory. The girl wants to get herself married. The girl wants to get married. The climate of India is hotter than England. The climate of India is hotter than that of England. Everybody will get their share. Everybody will get his share.

USE OF ADJECTIVES Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

He is sick. He is ill. I have strong headache. I have a severe headache. This is more preferable than that. This is preferable to that. No less than fifty students were present. No fewer than fifty students were present. I want a little quantity of milk. I want a small quantity of milk. Ram only is guilty. Ram alone is guilty.

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

ERRORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SENTENCES Incorrect One of his family members is dead. Correct A member of his family is dead. Correct One of the members of his family is dead. Incorrect My brother's all the books have been stolen. Correct All my brother's books have been stolen. Correct All the books of my brother have been stolen. Incorrect For what you are here ? Correct What are you here for ? Incorrect Tell me why did you go there? Correct Tell me why you went there? Incorrect I, you and he will go together. Correct You, he and I will go together. Incorrect Exercise is good both for work as well as health. Correct Exercise is good for work as well as health. Incorrect He did not abstain to smoke but persisted to purchase valuable cigars.

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Correct

He did not abstain from smoking but persisted in purchasing valuable cigars.

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. The correct answers and explanations are below. 1) Do you like it? No, I don´t like. 2) On Sunday, I always go to the church. 3) On Saturdays, I always go to movies. 4) I love listening music. 5) I born in 1962. 6) I could to go to the store tomorrow. 7) The last year I didn´t know much English. 8) Are you agree with me? 9) I´m afraid to the dark. 10) Always, I study before I go to bed. 11) I can´t eating when it´s late at night because I get sick. 12) I´m not very good for cooking. 13) After class, I always go to home. 14) My uncle John is funner than my uncle Mike. 15) These pants are more cheaper than the other ones. 16) Probably he likes soccer.

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17) I love that movie because is funny. 18) I’m thinking of to go home because I’m tired. 19) I´m a doctor. So do I. 20) I go every day to school. 21) Do you have a dog? Yes, I have. 22) Do you like to go to the movies tomorrow night? 23) What are you doing? Right now I cook dinner. 24) I don’t dance good. 25) Where did you went yesterday? 26) When did you born? 27) What did you do yesterday? I did go to the mall. 28) There is much noise here. 29) How much restaurants are in your neighborhood? 30) Is very windy today. 31) I love Brazil because it’s too beautiful. 32) What you can do in New York City? 33) I have a daughter. I am too. 34) I´m glad we´re practicing grammar because I do a lot of mistakes. 35) Before make a presentation, you should practice a lot. 36) Things went really good today at work.

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37) My mother always told me a bedtime history when I was a kid. 38) There isn’t a lot of cars on the road today. 39) Class today was really bored. 40) I don’t have no money. References: http://www.englishdaily626.com/c-errors.php?004 http://www.englishdaily626.com/error_identification.php http://www.businessenglishresources.com/31-2/student-section/practice-exercisesnew/common-english-mistakes-error-correction/

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English Lesson 7 PART 1 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 8th September 2015 Day: Tuesday Time: 13.00-14.00 Topic: Idioms An idiom is a combination of words that have a figurative meaning owing to its common usage. An idiom's figurative meaning is separate from the literal meaning. There are thousands of idioms and they occur frequently in all languages. There are estimated to be at least twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions in the English language. Following the examples of few of the commonly used idioms: A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush: Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose everything. A Blessing In Disguise: Something good that isn't recognized at first. A Doubting Thomas: A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something. A Drop in the Bucket: A very small part of something big or whole.

A Leopard Can't Change His Spots: You cannot change who you are. A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned: By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little). A Picture Paints a Thousand Words: A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words. A Slap on the Wrist: A very mild punishment. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: It's better to actually do something than just talk about it. Add Fuel To The Fire: Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is. All Bark And No Bite: When someone is threatening and/or aggressive but not willing to engage in a fight. All Greek to me: Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand any of the Greek language would be. Apple of My Eye: Someone who is cherished above all others.

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As High As A Kite: Anything that is high up in the sky. At The Drop Of A Hat: Willing to do something immediately. Back Seat Driver: People who criticize from the sidelines, much like someone giving unwanted advice from the back seat of a vehicle to the driver. Back To Square One: Having to start all over again. Back To The Drawing Board: When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over. Beat A Dead Horse: To force an issue that has already ended. Beating Around The Bush: Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue. Bend Over Backwards: Do whatever it takes to help. Willing to do anything. Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Stuck between two very bad options. Bite Off More Than You Can Chew: To take on a task that is way to big. Bite Your Tongue: To avoid talking. Blood Is Thicker Than Water: The family bond is closer than anything else. Blue Moon: A rare event or occurrence. Chew someone out: Verbally scold someone. Cock and Bull Story: An unbelievable tale. Come Hell Or High Water: Any difficult situation or obstacle. Crack Someone Up: To make someone laugh. Cross Your Fingers: To hope that something happens the way you want it to. Cry Over Spilt Milk: When you complain about a loss from the past. Cry Wolf: Intentionally raise a false alarm. Curiosity Killed The Cat: Being Inquisitive can lead you into a dangerous situation. Cut to the Chase: Leave out all the unnecessary details and just get to the point. Dark Horse: One who was previously unknown and is now prominent. Devil's Advocate: Someone who takes a position for the sake of argument without actually knowing it properly.

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Don't count your chickens before they hatch: Don't rely on it until your sure of it. Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth: When someone gives you a gift, don't be ungrateful. Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket: Do not put all your resources in one possibility. Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures: When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions. Drink like a fish: To drink very heavily. Drive someone up the wall: To irritate and/or annoy very much. Dropping Like Flies: A large number of people either falling ill or dying. Dry Run: Rehearsal. Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining: Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better days. Everything But The Kitchen Sink: Almost everything and anything has been included. Feeding Frenzy: An aggressive attack on someone by a group. Field Day: An enjoyable day or circumstance. Finding Your Feet: To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing. Finger licking' good: A very tasty food or meal. Fixed In Your Ways: Not willing or wanting to change from your normal way of doing something. Flea Market: A swap meet. A place where people gather to buy and sell inexpensive goods. Flesh and Blood: This idiom can mean living material of which people are made of, or it can refer to someone's family. Flip The Bird: To raise your middle finger at someone. Foam at the Mouth: To be enraged and show it. Fools' Gold: Iron pyrites, a worthless rock that resembles real gold. From Rags To Riches: To go from being very poor to being very wealthy. Full Monty: This idiom can mean either, "the whole thing" or "completely nude". Funny Farm: A mental institutional facility. Get Down to Brass Tacks: To become serious about something.

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Get Over It: To move beyond something that is bothering you. Get Your Walking Papers: Get fired from a job. Give Him The Slip: To get away from. To escape. Go For Broke: To gamble everything you have. Go Out On A Limb: Put yourself in a tough position in order to support someone/something. Go The Extra Mile: Going above and beyond whatever is required for the task at hand. Good Samaritan: Someone who helps others when they are in need, with no discussion for compensation, and no thought of a reward. Graveyard Shift: Working hours from about 12:00 am to 8:00 am. Night shift. Green Room: The waiting room, especially for those who are about to go on a tv or radio show. Gut Feeling: A personal intuition you get, especially when feel something may not be right. Haste Makes Waste: Quickly doing things results in a poor ending. Hat Trick: When one player scores three goals in the same hockey game. Have an Axe to Grind: To have a dispute with someone. He Lost His Head: Angry and overcome by emotions. Head Over Heels: Very excited and/or joyful, especially when in love. Hell in a Handbasket: Deteriorating and headed for complete disaster. High Five: Slapping palms above each others heads as celebration gesture. Hit The Books: To study, especially for a test or exam. Hit The Hay: Go to bed or go to sleep. Hit The Nail on the Head: Do something exactly right or say something exactly right. Hit The Sack: Go to bed or go to sleep. Hold Your Horses: Be patient. Icing On The Cake: When you already have it good and get something on top of what you already have. Idle Hands Are The Devil's Tools:

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You are more likely to get in trouble if you have nothing to do. If It's Not One Thing, It's Another: When one thing goes wrong, then another, and another... In The Bag: To have something secured. In The Heat Of The Moment: Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment. In Your Face: An aggressive and bold confrontation. It Takes Two To Tango: A two person conflict where both people are at fault. It's A Small World: You frequently see the same people in different places. It’s Anyone's Call: A competition where the outcome is difficult to judge or predict. Jaywalk: Crossing the street (from the middle) without using the crosswalk. Keep An Eye On Him: You should carefully watch him. Keep body and soul together: To earn a sufficient amount of money in order to keep yourself alive . Keep your chin up: To remain joyful in a tough situation. Kick The Bucket: Die. Kitty-corner: Diagonally across. Sometimes called Catty-Corner as well. Knee Jerk Reaction: A quick and automatic response. Knock On Wood: Knuckle tapping on wood in order to avoid some bad luck. Last but not least: An introduction phrase to let the audience know that the last person mentioned is no less important than those introduced before him/her. Lend Me Your Ear: To politely ask for someone's full attention. Let The Cat Out Of The Bag: To share a secret that wasn't suppose to be shared. Level playing field: A fair competition where no side has an advantage. liquor someone up: To get someone drunk. Long in the Tooth: Old people (or horses).. Make No Bones About: To state a fact so there are no doubts or objections. Method To My Madness: Strange or crazy actions that appear meaningless but in the end are done for a good reason.

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Mumbo Jumbo: Nonsense or meaningless speech. Mum's the word: To keep quiet. To say nothing. Nest Egg: Savings set aside for future use. Never Bite The Hand That Feeds You: Don't hurt anyone that helps you. New kid on the block: Someone new to the group or area. New York Minute: A minute that seems to go by quickly, especially in a fast paced environment. Off On The Wrong Foot: Getting a bad start on a relationship or task. Off The Hook: No longer have to deal with a tough situation. Off the Record: Something said in confidence that the one speaking doesn't want attributed to him/her. On Pins And Needles: Anxious or nervous, especially in anticipation of something. Out On The Town: To enjoy yourself by going out. Peeping Tom: Someone who observes people in the nude or sexually active people, mainly for his own gratification. Pick up your ears: To listen very carefully. Pig In A Poke: A deal that is made without first examining it. Pig Out : To eat a lot and eat it quickly. Queer the pitch: Destroy or ruin a plan Raining Cats and Dogs: A very loud and noisy rain storm. Ring Fencing: Seperated usual judgement to guarantee protection, especially project funds. Run out of steam: To be completely out of energy. Saved By The Bell: Saved at the last possible moment. Scapegoat: Someone else who takes the blame. Scot-free: To escape and not have to pay. Sick As A Dog: To be very sick (with the flu or a cold). Sitting Shotgun:

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Riding in the front passenger seat of a car. Sixth Sense: A paranormal sense that allows you to communicate with the dead. Smell A Rat: To detect somone in the group is betraying the others. Smell Something Fishy: Detecting that something isn't right and there might be a reason for it. The Ball Is In Your Court: It is your decision this time. The Best Of Both Worlds: There are two choices and you have them both. The Bigger They Are The Harder They Fall: While the bigger and stronger opponent might be alot more difficult to beat, when you do they suffer a much bigger loss. The Last Straw: When one small burden after another creates an unbearable situation, the last straw is the last small burden that one can take. The Whole Nine Yards: Everything. All of it. Under the weather: Feeling ill or sick. Up a blind alley: Going down a course of action that leads to a bad outcome. Use Your Loaf: Use your head. Think smart. Van Gogh's ear for music: Tone deaf. Variety Is The Spice Of Life: The more experiences you try the more exciting life can be. Wag the Dog: A diversion away from something of greater importance. Water Under The Bridge: Anything from the past that isn't significant or important anymore. Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve: To openly and freely express your emotions. When It Rains, It Pours: Since it rarely rains, when it does it will be a huge storm. When Pigs Fly : Something that will never ever happen. Wine and Dine: When somebody is treated to an expensive meal. Without A Doubt: For certain. X marks the spot: A phrase that is said when someone finds something he/she has been looking for. You Are What You Eat:

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In order to stay healthy you must eat healthy foods. You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover: Decisions shouldn't be made primarily on appearance. Zero Tolerance: No crime or law breaking big or small will be overlooked.

References: http://www.idiomsite.com/ http://www.englishleap.com/exercises/idioms-exercise http://www.englishclub.com/

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English Lesson 7 PART 2 Basic English Usage (Grammar): Date: 8th September 2015 Day: Tuesday Time: 14.00-15.00 Topic: Language activities (Revision) Collage Activity For this language activity, the teacher's task as a Language Facilitator is to find an English Magazine or a Newspaper and cut out about 40 words ensuring she has a balance of the parts of speech and stick them onto a sheet of paper in no particular order, for instance: Sugar T

he

TRAVELLING affectionate

however

car Akio

were

Russian Tomoko

garden

IS Kaiya Rohan care

Colours Uses

HUNTER

ANIMATION Wooden

Cut

pain

Top

upcoming sale Free

Different

boy

water

PLASTIC is Child

COTTON City

arrogant WALK have

pray happy

am sent

after soul

A

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Thought Collage activity-The teacher has to distribute copies of the sheets to students in groups of four to five. She should print these set of words on sheet. The students have to be given five minutes to frame creative sentences (depending on their level and complexity of task): one sentence with three words, one sentence with four words etc. As per the requirement of the class, this activity can help the teacher to teach grammar topics conceptually, pronunciation, writing skills etc. This Language Activity-cum-Game will, thus encourage creative use of language One word story This activity is extremely simple. Each student adds a word to create a group story. Despite the simplicity it can be really challenging and I would only use it with higher levels. Preparation Students should be in a circle (if this isn’t possible make it clear they know who they are going to follow on from). Procedure  The teacher can begin by saying the first word and each student adds the next word, without repeating what has come beforehand. 

The stories can develop in any number of ways. Some groups may need the teacher to provide punctuation and decide that the sentence should end and a new one should begin. The great thing about this activity is that all students have to concentrate and listen carefully to their colleagues to be able to continue the story coherently.

Picture Activity Simple classroom activity to help with vocabulary.  Divide the class into pairs 

Give one learner a simple picture



Ask his or her partner to try and find out with questions what's on their picture

Guess what’s in? Secretly put an object in a paper bag (or hide it behind me, or write the word, or draw a picture). Then get the students to guess what's in the bag, by asking an appropriate question. The student who guesses correctly takes over from. Do this a couple of times, and then let the students take over. Group vs group, or in pairs. Superlative Activity This activity practises the superlatives in questions, and generates a great deal of student speaking. It is a highly personalised activity, asking the students to talk about their own experiences and opinions. Along with, grammar revision it also helps to bring in conversation in the class. Mini Talks The students are given topics familiar to their culture and are encouraged to speak on them. There are range of topics included such as

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 Food culture of Japan,  Japanese tea ceremony,  Temples in Japan,  Dressing culture of Japan,  Japanese family life,  Shopping culture at Japan,  Japanese Youth and Technology,  University life,  Fashion  Career Goals Jigsaw Stories In this activity named Jigsaw Stories, the teacher has to write a story in two to four sections or paragraphs, numbering the sections. She can rewrite a story from history or retell a news item. She has to cut the story into number of sections she has chosen. She has to put the students in groups with one student for each segment. The students are instructed to read their portions silently until they know the material well enough to retell it in their own words. The teacher-facilitator can connect this activity to revise varied grammar topics learnt at school-level and to add advanced version of the grammar topic. Grammathon The Teacher-facilitator can bring in both learning and fun with the help of a Game Board. The colourful blocks of the Game Board have nothing written on the squares other than a few simple game-play instructions not related to language; however, the squares are all painted with six colours. Each colour represents a type of task, and I create a stack of cards with the tasks written on them. For example, yellow might indicate "Spell this Word". Blue squares might ask a student to put a sentence in the present tense into the past, Green Colour may refer to identifying Parts of Speech etc. The teacher could assign students in groups to come up with a series of tasks or exercises as homework and then have each colour represent a different group's cards. This activity involves students in grammar learning and also brings in h ealthy competitive classroom environment.

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English Lesson 8 PART 1 th 9 September, Wednesday Topic: Poem Appreciation & Role Play Time: 13.00-14.00  Appreciating English Poems and Haiku  Language Game: Role Play  Finish the story Activity1 : Appreciating Poems Students will be exposed to the simple English poems. Various questions and opinions will also be discussed in the class thereby revealing multiple interpretations of the poem. Felling of the Banyan Tree : Dilip Chitre My father told the tenants to leave Who lived on the houses surrounding our house on the hill One by one the structures were demolished Only our own house remained and the trees Trees are sacred my grandmother used to say Felling them is a crime but he massacred them all The sheoga, the oudumber, the neem were all cut down But the huge banyan tree stood like a problem Whose roots lay deeper than all our lives My father ordered it to be removed The banyan tree was three times as tall as our house Its trunk had a circumference of fifty feet

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Its scraggy aerial roots fell to the ground From thirty feet or more so first they cut the branches Sawing them off for seven days and the heap was huge Insects and birds began to leave the tree And then they came to its massive trunk Fifty men with axes chopped and chopped The great tree revealed its rings of two hundred years We watched in terror and fascination this slaughter As a raw mythology revealed to us its age Soon afterwards we left Baroda for Bombay Where there are no trees except the one Which grows and seethes in one’s dreams, its aerial roots Looking for the ground to strike. ---***--1. Which are the various trees mentioned in the poem? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. How is the Banyan tree described in the poem(Don't Quote lines from the poem. Answer in your own language) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. What does the banyan tree symbolize? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. What is the impact of cuttng down the tree on the poet? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Poet uses two words meaning 'murder' to refer to cutting down the trees. Which are those? Do you find the use of such violent words appropriate? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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*Dilip Chitre (1938) was born in Baroda. He writes poetry both in Marathi and English. Travelling in a Cage, from which the poem selected here has been taken, was published in 1980. Apart from poetry, Chitre has also written short stories and critical essays. An Anthology of Marathi Poetry 1945–1965 is one of his most important works of translation. He sees poetry as an expression of the spirit. He lives and works in Mumbai. *The word POETRY originates from a Greek word meaning TO MAKE. A poet is thus a maker and the poem something that is made or created. No single definition of poetry is possible but some characteristic features of poetry may be mentioned. Poetry has a musical quality with rhythm, pitch, metre and it may use figures of speech such as simile and metaphor. While quite a few poems in this selection are in traditional forms, the unit also includes modern poems that are free from formal restrictions. Japanese Haiku Haiku is a short Japanese form of poetry. It became popular in the United States afterWorld War II. Americans living in Japan during the occupation became interested in Japanese art and culture. The word "haiku" means "game-verse." Haiku, having so much in common with other forms of Japanese art, is a good introduction to the country's culture.Because nature plays a large role in Japanese society, it is usually the main subject of a haiku. Even families living in largely populated cities care for and take joy in their gardens that may only be two or three square feet. For Example: inazuma no kaina wo karan kusamakura

lend me your arms, fast as thunderbolts, for a pillow on my journey.

The earliest westerner known to have written haiku was the Dutchman Hendrik Doeff (1764– 1837), who was the Dutch commissioner in the Dejima trading post in Nagasaki, during the first years of the 19th century. One of his haiku:

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An Englsih Haiku:

Activity: Students will be encouraged to present one haiku in Japanese and translate in to English. Role Play I) At a Pizza Restaurant Waiter: Hi! How are you? Suki: I am Fine, thank you. Welcome to Pizza Centre. My name is Kawasaki. Waiter: How can I help you? Suki: I would like an Extra Large Special Pizza, please. Waiter: Ok, that would be an Extra Large Special Pizza. Is it to eat here or to go? Suki: Togo, please. Waiter: Would you like extra ingredients for only 50 rupees more? Suki: Oh, that would be great. Waiter: Very well, so it's an Extra Large Special Pizza with extra Cheese and two extra ingredients. Your total is Rs. 350 only, please. Suki: Oh, and I forgot, please also give me Cheese Bread with Chilli Sauce. Waiter: Ok...your total would be Rs. 400 only. Suki: Do you take credit cards? Waiter: Of course. Suki: Here it is. Waiter: Wait a minute please.... Can you please sign here. Suki: Ok. Waiter: Thank you. Here's your order, it's an Extra Large Special Pizza and Cheese Bread

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with Chilli Sauce. Suki: Thank you. It smells great. Waiter: Thank you and come again II) Shopping for Clothes - Role Play Clerk: Good Morning. Can I help you? Yui: Yes, please. I'm looking for a dress. Clerk: Certainly. Which Colour? Yui: Mmmmm...... I would like a pink one. Clerk: And what size? Yui: Small, please. Clerk: We have these beautiful dresses on sale. Yui: How much are they? Clerk: 10 Yen each. Yui: May I try this one? Clerk: Sure. The dressing room is right there. Yui: Thanks. I'll be right back. III) At the Cinema - Role Play Clerk: Hello. You: Hi. Two tickets for the film "Titanic" at 4 o'clock, please. Clerk: I'm sorry. There are no tickets left for 4 o'clock. You: Oh, can I have tickets for the 8 o'clock performance then? Clerk: Yes. What seat do you prefer? In the middle or at the back? You: In the middle, please. Clerk: OK. Row 10, seats 5 and 6. You: Perfect. How much is it? Clerk: That's $ 9.00 dlls. please. You: Here's $ 10.00 dlls. Keep the change. Clerk: Thank you. Enjoy the film . IV) Today Nancy calls at a business office to see the Manager, Mr. Hobart. But she hasn't got an appointment and his Secretary explains that he is too busy to see her without one. Secretary: Good morning. Nancy: Good morning. Is this Mr. Hobart's office? Secretary: Yes, that's right. Nancy: I wonder whether Mr. Hobart could see me? My name is Nancy Martin. Secretary: Oh, yes, Miss Nancy. Mr. Hobart had a letter from Mr. Watson. He said you would be writing to make an appointment. Nancy: I decided to come instead. I was rather hoping that perhaps Mr. Hobart would be able to see me this morning. Secretary: Oh, I am very sorry, but I am afraid he has got several engagements today. He's in a meeting since morning and he has several other appointments this afternoon. Nancy: Then I ask you to please make an appointment for me.

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Secretary: Yes, certainly. Would Friday at 3:15 suit you? Nancy: No, I am afraid I won't be in London on Friday. Secretary: Oh, I see, could you manage Monday, at 11:00? Nancy: Yes, that will be quite all right. Secretary: Good. I'm scheduling it for 11 on Monday, then. Nancy: Thank you very much. Secretary: You're welcome, Miss Nancy. After reading the above examples, the teacher will give them some exercises that will cover the understanding of the Role Play part. Activity 2 Writing Practice – Finish the Story Directions: Read the story below. Then finish it with your own writing. Today I am going on a class field trip to the zoo. I have never been to the zoo before and I am excited to see all of the animals. My teacher says that it is going to be a busy day. We have been learning about animals in class. My favorite animal is the elephant. I hope that I get to see one. We are boarding the bus. I sit in the back of the bus with my friends. The ride is about thirty minutes long. We are walking through the gate. I am in a group with five of my classmates and my teacher. The zoo is very crowded with lots of students from other schools. I hope that I will not get lost from my group. First, we visit the monkeys. They come to the edge of their cages and look at us. The monkeys have a lot of trees to climb on in their cages. One monkey is eating a banana. They look like they are having a lot of fun. I wonder what it would be like to play with them. Next, we visit the polar bears. They live in an area that has a lot of big rocks and a pond. Most of them are sleeping right now. The polar bears are a lot bigger than I imagined them being! My teacher says that we are going to see the elephants now. We walk for a long time until we finally get to a big field. I can see the elephants in the distance! There are two big elephants and one baby. They are starting to walk in our direction. Maybe I will get a closer look at them. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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English Lesson 8 PART 2 th Date: 9 September, Wednesday Time: 14.00-15.00 Topic: Writing Skills  Letter Writing  Express Yourself Activity 3. Letter Writing Based on the experience of Exchange Programme students will be encourage to write an informal letter to their friends or parents. Activity 4: Express Yourself Students will be encouraged to express their ideas and views or some special aspect of Japanese culture, literature. Reference: http://www.kidsinco.com/role-plays/ http://www.wikipedia.com

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Other Activities 1. Interaction with V.P.M.'s Colleges 2. Visits to Places 3. Sports Events 4. Performing Arts by Joshi-Bedekar College 5. Hindi Movie – The Japanese Wife

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Interaction with V.P.M.’s Colleges  Interaction at Arts & Commerce College, Thane  Interaction at Science College, Thane  Interaction at Law College, Thane  Interaction at V.P.M.'s Polytechnic College, Thane

Visits to Places    

Visit Visit Visit Visit

to Gateway of India to Mani Bhavan to Nehru Center to Karla Caves

Sports Events  Indoor Sports Events at Thane College: Carrom & Chess  Outdoor Sports Events at Thane College : Basketball & Cricket

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Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan and V.P.M.’s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane, India

CULTURAL PROGRAMME Date: 4th September 2015, Day:Friday Time:15.00-17.00

Movie : The Japanese Wife 2010 film Release date: April 9, 2010 (India) Director: Aparna Sen Running time: 1h 45m Music director: Sagar Desai Synopsis: The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehamoy, a school teacher in a small village in the Sunderbans, finds a pen pal in the Japanese girl, Miyage, who runs a grocery store in Japan. The duos builds a beautiful relationship and even marry through an exchange of letters. Sadly, it remains a long-distance relationship, since the two are unable to meet due to the constraints of their personal life. But, that does not affect their love or the depth of their feelings, despite the presence of the beautiful widow, Sandhya in Snehamoy's life.

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Visit to Karla Caves Date: 5th September,2015 Day: Saturday Time:10.00 am to 12.00 pm The Karla Caves or Karle Caves or Karla Cells are a complex of ancient Indian Buddhist rock-cut cave shrines located in Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra. The shrines were developed over the period – from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. The oldest of the cave shrines is believed to date back to 160 BC, having arisen near a major ancient trade route, running eastward from the Arabian Sea into the Deccan. Karli's location in Maharashtra places it in a region that marks the division between North India and South India. Buddhists, having become identified with commerce and manufacturing through their early association with traders, tended to locate their monastic establishments in natural geographic formations close to major trade routes so as to provide lodging houses for travelling traders. Today, the cave complex is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla_Caves http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_karlacaves.asp

Visit to The Gateway of India Date: 6th September,2015 Day: Sunday Time:09.30 am to 10.00 am The Gateway of India is a monument built in South Mumbai overlooking Arabian Sea. It was constructed to commemorate the landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder, when they visited India in 1911. Designed by the architect George Wittet the monument is built using yellow basalt and concrete. It served as the ceremonial entrance to India for Viceroys and Governors of Bombay. The last British troops to leave India following the country's independence passed through the gateway on their way out in a ceremony on 28 February 1948, signaling the end of British Rule in India.

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Visit to Mani Bhavan Date: 6th September,2015 Day: Sunday Time:10.30 am to 12.00 pm Mani Bhavan, located in the heart if the city of Mumbai. is a memorial of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of nation. It was from here that Gandhi initiated a variety of movements between 1917 to 1934. In 1955, the building was taken over by the Gandhi Smarak Nidhi to maintain it as a memorial to Gandhi. The two-storeyed structure standing on the Laburnum Road has a library and a pictue gallery. A variety of things like a Spinning Wheel used by him are also preserved. In his November 2010 visit, Barack Obama, the President od USA visited this memorial.

Visit to Nehru Centre, Mumbai Date: 6th September,2015 Day: Sunday Time:13.00 pm to 15.00 pm Nehru Centre, a beautiful building standing in Worli area of Mumbai close to seashore is an eye-catching structure. Named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, the centre houses a permanent exhibition entitled Discover of India. Spread in 14 galleries it depicts artistic, intellectual and philosophical attainment of India through ages. The centre has a dedicated art gallery to encourage the painters to exhibit their works. Regular cultural programmes are arranged to provide opportunities to artists to display their talent in performing arts.

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Date: 8th September 2015, Day:Tuesday Time:15.00-17.00 Sports event at Thane College Indoor Games Carrom (also known as Karrom) is a "strike and pocket" table game of Eastern origin similar to billiards and table shuffleboard. It is found throughout the East under different names though most non-eastern people know it by the East Asian name of Carroms (or Karrom). It is very popular in Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and surrounding areas and in the Middle East as well. In South Asia, many clubs and cafés hold regular tournaments. Carrom is very commonly played by families, including the children, and at social functions. Different standards and rules exist in different areas.

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrom http://www.indiancarrom.com/laws-of-carrom.htm

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide in homes, urban parks, clubs, online, correspondence, and in tournaments. In recent years, chess has become part of some school curricula. Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the six piece types moves differently. The most powerful piece is the queen and the least powerful piece is the pawn. The objective is to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting their own. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways, where neither player wins. The course of the game is divided into three phases: opening, middlegame, and endgame. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess http://www.gamesforthebrain.com/game/chess/

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Date: 9th September 2015, Day:Wednesday Time:15.00-17.00 Sports event at Thane College Outdoor Games Basketball In India, the game of Basketball started its journey in 1930 when it was played for the first time. Nowadays, it is considered as one of the widely played sports in India. Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cms) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. Following are the links explaining information along with the rules and regulations of Basketball game. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_in_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_basketball Cricket The most popular sport that has taken India to greater heights is cricket. Cricket is a religion and the Indian society is associated with the sport wherever they are across the world. The sport is played at all levels and ages starting from the grassroots up to a national level. The game has given rise to popular personalities in all aspects of the game. Unlike in other sports such as football, the sport has given rise to the popularity of coaches and even commentators. India is one of the cricket playing nations, which has vital role in sport cricket around the world. Cricket was introduced in India in the middle of the 18th century. Cricket is the national level and most popular game in India governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India it includes the member of International Cricket Council and it organizes Test Cricket and One day International Cricket and T20 matches. India has won the World Cup Championship in both ODI and T20 formats. In 1983 India wins it under the Kapil Dev after that India took the World Cup second time in this year under M.S. Dhoni and also India has won T20 world cup with same M.S. Dhoni and team. The other formats of Indian Cricket are Ranji Trophy Indian Premier League. Following are the links explaining information along with rules and regulations regarding the game of CricketReferences: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_in_India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_cricket http://kannanwrites.hubpages.com/hub/Rules-and-Regulations-in-Cricket

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VPM’s K.G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Thane

CULTURAL PROGRAMME Date: 10th September 2015

Venue: Thorale Bajirao Sabhagriha AGENDA Sr. No Program

Duration

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Min 3 Min 2 Min 6 Min 8 Min 8 Min

7 8 9 10 11 12

Welcome Note Saraswati Pujan and lamp lightning Felicitation Nandi (Bharat Natyam Duet) Rajasthani Folk Dance (Group Dance) Jugalbandi between Tablas Solo song (Originally sung by Kishor Kumar - Ye sham mastani) Solo song (Originally sung by Ajay Gogavale - Mauli Mauli) Instrumental Fusion (Western Instruments) Patriotic Dance (Brief about India) Solo song (Sayonara from movie Love In Tokyo) Vote of thanks and National Anthem

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5 Min 5 Min 8 Min 10 Min 5 Min 2 Min

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Course Facilitators

1. Prof. Mrs. Vijaya Khare 2. Prof. Mr. Anil Dhawale 3. Prof. Ms. Dr. Jayshree Singh 4. Prof. Ms. Tanvi K. Pokhare 5. Prof. Mr. Prashant Purushottam Dharmadhikari 6. Prof. Ms. Manchumol Thomas

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CURRICULUM VITAE Name

:

Vijaya Oniel Khare

DOB

:

December 12, 1966

Marital Status

:

Married

Address

:

B-7, Samruddhi CHS, Sane Guruji Nagar, 90 Feet Road, Mulund (East), Mumbai – 400 081

Cell

:

93200 22005

Email

:

[email protected]

Qualification :  Masters in Philosophy (Specialisation in Yoga) from Mumbai University in the year 2012  Bachelor of Commerce from Poddar College of Commerce, Mumbai University in the year 1987.  Diploma in Computer programming from Datapro in the year 1989 YOGA Qualifications :  Basic Certificate course in Yoga from Ambika Yog Kutir in 1988



Training Undergone:  Basics of Pranayam  Asanas  Breathing exercises  Kriyas 2 years Teachers Training Course from Ambika Yog Kutir in 1996

   

Training Undergone:  Pranayam and Mudras  Advanced Asanas  Consulting yoga therapy for various diseases.  Stress management  Meditation Yoga therapy Certificate course from VYASA Institute , Bangalore. 2009 Diploma in Naturopathy from Nature cure institute Nashik, in 2010. MA (Philosophy in Yoga) 63.5% from Mumbai University in 2012 Conducting workshops in public sector

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Name : Dr. Anil Dhawale Assistant Professor & HOD Department of Hindi VPM’s K. G. Joshi College of Arts & N. G. Bedekar College of Commerce Thane, Maharashtra, India. Cell Number E- Mail ID

: 09969616155 : [email protected]

Qualification DOB

: M.A., B.Ed, NET, SET,Ph.D : 05th June, 1972

Nationality : Indian Languages known : Marathi, Hindi, English Hobbies: Reading, writing watching movies

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Dr. Jayshree Singh (M.A., D.Ed. NET, Ph. D.) Assistant Professor, Department of Hindi, VPM’s K.G. Joshi College of Arts & N.G. Bedekar College of Commerce, Chendani Bunder Road, Thane – 400 601. Maharashtra, India Mobile : 09757277735 E-Mail ID : [email protected] Nationality

: Indian

Language known: English, Hindi, Marathi. Hobbies: Reading, Writing, Singing, Dancing. Educational Qualification    

Awarded the Ph.D. degree for the thesis entitled “Surendra Verma ke Natkon Ka Anusheelan” from University of Mumbai in January, 2012. M.A. (2004) Gold medalist, University of Mumbai. B.A. (2002), University of Mumbai. D.Ed. (1999), Pune Board.

Achievements and Academic Growth

      

Received “The Shyam Sunder Gupta Gold Medal” for scoring highest marks in M. A. in the year 2004 from University of Mumbai. Received “The Pandit Narendra Sharma Hindi Academy Prize” for scoring highest marks in M. A. in the year 2004 from University of Mumbai. Received “Saraswati Sut Samman” in D. Ed in the year 1999 from Association of Junior College of Educational Brihan Mumbai. Awarded “Rashtra Bhasha Gaurau Manad Upadhi” by Akhil Bharteey Hindi Sevi Sansthan, Allahabad on 7th October 2012. Awarded for “Best Research Paper” by Gogte Joglekar College, Ratnagiri in two days National Seminar on the topic “Hindi Bhasha ke Vikas me Hindi Aur Ahindi Bhashiyon ka Yogdan” on 21st - 22nd September 2013. Recognized as a teacher of the University of Mumbai for M.A. Degree (by papers) in Hindi from October 2012. Completed Orientation programme organized by University of Mumbai (December, 2010) and two Refresher Courses, one organized by Kumaun University, Nainital (March, 2012) and second organized by Banaras Hindu University, UP ( August, 2014) with ‘A’ Grade.

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Asst. Prof. Tanvi K. Pokhare Email: [email protected]

Career Profile: An experienced and qualified language trainer with experience in teaching Communication skills at College level. Has been involved in varied activities related to language learning and teaching. Qualification    

Masters in English Literature from University of Mumbai in 2009. Bachelor of Education from University of Mumbai in 2010. Qualified UGC-NET & SET Eligibility Examination for Lecturership. Certified Trainer for Cambridge B.E.C examination.

Key strengths   Knowledgeable about the subject.  Enthusiastic about teaching.  Innovative in teaching approach  Articulate with language expression Training Topics    

English Language teaching Presentation skills Soft skill teaching Student learning enhancement Programme

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Asst. Prof. Prashant Purushottam Dharmadhikari Email Id: [email protected] Designation: Assistant Professor in English Area of Interest: Indian English Literature, British and Sanskrit Poetry, Literary Criticism and Theory, Mythological Fiction, Comparative theology. Languages Known: English, Marathi, Sanskrit, Hindi, and French ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS  Masters in English Literature from University of Pune in 2009.  Qualified UGC-NET & SET Eligibility Examination for Lecturership.  M.A. (Sanskrit)  Certificate Course in French from Ranade Institute, Pune University  Post Graduate Diploma in Comparative Mythology from University of Mumbai (Pursuing) PROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS Research Publications:  Published a research paper entitled ‘Myth, Memory and History: Finding Equilibrium in R K Narayan’ in International Journal Research Innovator, Volume I Issue I February2014. ISSN 2348-7674  Published a research paper entitled ‘Science in Literary Antiquities of India’ in Journal of Indian Intellectual Traditions (JIIT) Volume I Number 1.June 2013. ISSN 2249-7129

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Asst. Prof. Manchumol Thomas Email: [email protected]

QUALIFICATIONS  Masters in Art in English literature from University of

Mumbai.  Masters in Art in Geography from University of

Mumbai. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS  Completed Bachelor in Education from Gandhi

Shikshan Bhavan Surjba College of education (Juhu) from University of Mumbai. SOFTWARE LITERACY  Completed Basics in Computers from Aptech computers

and appeared for Maharashtra State Certificate in Information Technology (MS-CIT) exam and scored  Knows to operate MapInfo Version 8.0 [GIS] CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Participated in News Reading, News Writing, Debating, Seminars, Elocution and Poster making SOCIAL ACTIVITIES Associated with different NGO's and Helping Hands and Veins . Involved with Biblical classes . INTERESTS AND ACTIVITIES Reading, Writing, Listening to instrumental music, collecting stamps, stones and coins, and trekking LANGUAGES

English, Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam.

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Volunteers 1. Dattaram Kishor Bhalekar 2. Harshada Ramesh Sonawane 3. Manali P. Deshmukh 4. Omkar Prakash Salvi 5. Prajakta Prafulla Apte 6. Prasad Raju Shinde 7. Prasenjeet Anil Waghamare 8. Siddhi Sudhir Kambali

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Name:- Dattaram Kishor Bhalekar  Personal Details Date of Bairth:- 29th July, 1997 Age:- 18 Address:- 2/1, Radhakrishna Society, Khindipada, Mulund (W) pin. 400080 Contact:- 9594070966/7738495812 Email address:[email protected]  Educational qualification Studying in FYBcom  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses  Extra curricular activities Part of National Service Scheme Elementary-Intermediate Drawing Grade Examination  Hobbies / Interest Sketching and painting, Cooking, Rangoli making, Social work.

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Name:- HARSHADA RAMESH SONAWANE  Personal Details Date of Birth:- 16TH July, 1996 Age:- 19 Address:- 38, Matruchaya Niwas, Tapase Nagar, 2nd Rabodi, Thane (W) pin. 400601 Contact:- 9773637454/9029381132 Email:- [email protected]  Educational Qualification Pursuing SYBAF (Accounting And Finance)  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses  Extra Curricular Activities Working as a part of National Service Scheme. Worked under discipline committee of inter college festival “Gandharva”. Part of Young aspirator’s network Part of “Bhaskara 900” International seminar Presented song in National Seminar under Women Development Cell  Achievements Star volunteer of Special Camp of NSS Best Volunteer of NSS 2014-15 Participated in live debate on Saam TV (News Channel)  Hobbies / Interest Dancing, Drawing, Listing good Music, work for the Society.

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Name:- Manali P. Deshmukh  Personal Details Date of Bairth:- 19th December, 1995 Age:- 19 Address:- 505, 5th floor, ‘A’ wing, Gajanan Heights CHS< Nitin Company, Kamagar Hospital Road, Thane (W) Contact:- 8286053094 Email address:[email protected]  Educational qualification Studying in TYBAF (Accounting And Finance)  Co-Curricular activities MS-Office  Extra curricular activities Part of National Service Scheme Given Intermediate (exam of drawing) Volunteered for inter college festval “Gandharva” Participated in Youth Festival (inter collegiate completion organized by Mumbai University)  Hobbies / Interest Listening music, Reading,Cooking.

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Name:- Omkar Prakash Salvi  Personal Details Date of Bairth:- 16th April, 1997 Age:- 18 Address:- 18/1, Shivakrupa CHS., Shivaji Nagar, 2nd Rabodi, Lakshaman patil chowk, Thane (W) Pin. 400601 Contact:- 9768312230 Email address:[email protected]  Educational qualification Studying in FYBAF (Accounting And Finance)  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses  Extra curricular activities Part of National Service Scheme Elementary-Intermediate Drawing grade examination Taking training of Playing Guitar  Hobbies / Interest Listening music, sketching, watching movies, singing.

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Name:- PRAJAKTA PRAFULLA APTE  Personal Details Date of Birth:- 23RD May 1996 Age:- 19 Address:- 401, Ishan Residency, Building No. 3, Bhagirathi Smruti CHS., Gokhale Road, Naupada, Thane (W) Contact:- 9029955407 Email: Educational Qualification Pursuing Second Year of Bachelor of Banking And Insurance  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses  Extra Curricular Activities Working as a part of National Service Scheme. Participated in Youth Festival (inter collegiate competition organized by Mumbai University).  Hobbies / Interest Singing, Swimming, Playing Volly Ball,Reading

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Name:- PRASAD RAJU SHINDE  Personal Details Date of Birth:- 20TH March 1997 Age:- 18 Address:- 503, Sanskriti Building, G.B.Road,Opposite Purohit Niwas, Charai, Thane (w) Pin. 400602 Contact:- 9821313287 Email:- [email protected]  Educational Qualification Pursuing Second Year of Bachelor of Arts  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses.  Extra Curricular Activities Working as a part of National Service Scheme.  Hobbies / Interest Reading, Singing,sports

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Name:- PRASENJEET ANIL WAGHMARE  Personal Details Date of Birth:- 21st October, 1996 Age:- 18 Address:-901, 9th floor, ‘Bhaskar’ Apartment, Near Thane Police School, Kharkar Ali, Thane (W) Pin. 400601 Contact:- 8108577996 Email:- [email protected]  Educational Qualification Studying in SYBA (Bachelor of Arts)  Extra Curricular Activities Working as a part of National Service Scheme. Was taking training of Hindustani Classical Music. Participated in Youth Festival (Inter collegiate competition organized by Mumbai University). Worked under discipline committee of inter college festival “Gandharva”. Directed a song for National Seminar under Women Development Cell.  Hobbies / Interest Singing, Listening Music, playing sports, work for the Society.

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Name:- SIDDHI SUDHIR KAMBLI  Personal Details Date of Birth:- 19th February, 1996 Age:- 19 Address:- 6, Subhash Niwas, Ayre Road, Tukaram Nagar, Dombivli (E) Pin. 421201 Contact:- 9819792933 Email:- [email protected]  Educational Qualification Pursuing Third Year of Bachelor of Commerce with specialization in Accounting and finance.  Co-Curricular activities Have done various computer courses  Extra Curricular Activities Working as a part of National Service Scheme. Was taking training of Hindustani Classical Music. Elementary-Intermediate Drawing Grade Examination Participated in Youth Festival (inter collegiate competition organized by Mumbai University). Worked under discipline committee of inter college festival “Gandharva”. Attended 10 day’s camp for Training of Disaster Mnagement. Presented song in National Seminar under Women Development Cell  Hobbies / Interest Singing, Dancing, Acting, Listing good Music, works for the Society.

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