Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions

Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2 Author(s): Byron W. Bender, Ward H. Goodenough, Frederick H. Jackson, Jeffrey C. Marck, Kenneth L. Rehg, Ho-min Sohn, Stephen Trussel, Judith W. Wang Source: Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Dec., 2003), pp. 271-358 Published by: University of Hawai'i Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3623243 Accessed: 05/10/2008 09:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=uhp. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions-2 Byron W. Bender,WardH. Goodenough,FrederickH. Jackson, JeffreyC. Marck,KennethL. Rehg, Ho-min Sohn, StephenTrussel,and JudithW. Wang UNIVERSITYOF HAWAI'I AND UNIVERSITYOF PENNSYLVANIA Part I (in volume 42 [I]) presents some 980 reconstructionsfor Proto-Micronesian, Proto-Central Micronesian, and Proto-Wester Micronesian. Part 2 in this issue gives reconstructionsfor two additionalsubgroupswithin Proto-Micronesian:ProtoPohnpeic (PPON) and Proto-ChuukicPCK), and for the largergroup that they comprise, Proto-Pohnpeic-Chuukic(PPC). A few putativeloans are also identified, and a finderlist for all reconstructionsis provided.

PROTO-POHNPEIC-CHUUKIC

(PPC)

PPC *adoola 'variety of sweet-husked coconut palm': CHK atoon, otoon; PUL yotool,

CRLatod; WOLatoole;PCK*adoola;PONadol. Cf. YAPwaqthoel,waqtoel,waqy6todid-(n); toi 'a type of tree'. PPC *-ali 'strand,thin piece (counting classifier)': PUL yaal 'necklace, belt', -el, -dl 's. or string (in counting)'; CRLddl, dli-(l) 's. of head hair,s. of', -ydl 'long thin object such as string, hair (in counting)'; WOLyaali, yan-(ni)- 'hair,thread,thin object, h. of', -yali, -yeli 'thin piece, sheet, or leaf (in counting)'; PuA yaani, yani- 's. of hair', -yani 'thin piece (in counting)'; PCK *yaali, yali-; PON-el 'garland(in counting)'. PPC *aiuri 'south': CHKeer, eeru-(n) 's., in the s., s. of', (notowa)-ar'southwest', (eetiwe)-

er 'southeast',ewur'spiritworldin the s. or southernsky (sourceof bountifulfruitandfish)'; MRTyeer; PUL eer, neer-n 'to be the southwind,be at the s., southwind, s. of', (lotow)yeer 'be west southwest', (ye'tiw) ygeR 'be east southeast'; CRL eer; STWyeer; WOL(i)-yaiur 's.', yauru-(lape) 's.', (letowa)-are'west southwest', (gootuwa)-are'east southeast'; PuA (katiwa)ala 'southeast'; PCK *yarui, -ar[ia]; PON(pali)-eyr;PNG (pali)-eyr,(pali)-eyr.KSReir, glossed as 'north' in dictionary,is a probable loan (see PMc *afaqi 'north'). Marck (I994:323) reconstructsPMc *auru,including the KSRforms whose r is unexpected. PPC *awa, 'mouth': CHK aaw, awa-(n), awe-(n) 'm., his m., m. of'; MRT awa-(n); PUL

yaawo(sic),yewd-(y)'m.,my m.';CRLaaw,awa-(l);STWyaaw,yewa-(n);WOLyaawe,yewa(le); PuA yaawa, yawa-; PCK *aawa, awa-; PON aaw, EWe;MOKaw, owI; PNG aw, ewe. Cf. KsR Oai-(k) 'my m.'; SAAwawa 'm.'; BUGaa 'open m.'

CHKaaw; CRLaaw, ghili-aw 'b. t. (F. PPC*awa2'banyantree(Ficuscarolinensis)':

virens)'; STW aaw; WOL(gili)-yawe 'a t. (F prolixa)'; PCK *awa; PON (ay)-aw; MOKaw. Cf. PEO *qayaoa (Geraghty 1983) (FIJyayawa, yacawa 'kindof b. t.'); YAPqaaw 'type of b. t.' This may well be a loan from YAP.Cf. PCK *kawannu. PPC *ayita 'Parinariumtree': CHKayis, eyis; PULyddyih (sic); WOLyaise 'a tree with fragrantfruit';PCK *ayita;PONays; MOKayj 'tree sp'. PPC *caiu-ni-lukui,luiki 'bird's nest fern': CHKnnuk, nnlai-(n) 'b. n. f., f. of'; MRT llk; Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 42, no. 2 (December 2003) ? by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved.

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WOLshee-n-nugu;PCK*cai-niPUL andSTWRee-l-luk;CRLshe-l-luigh;CRNReyti-l-lug; lukui,luki; PONtee-n-lik.Cf. KSR(ma)-liklik'a kind of plant'. PPC*cee,ceecee 'movequickly':CHKche,chche'bein motion',cheeche'bein continuing motion,be movingfast',chee-(n6)'runoff, hurry',che-(kkdy) 'hurry';WOLchchee'to escape, usedwhenanotherattemptsto coverup flee';PCK*cee;PONteetee-(nlikamwada) 'expression Cf. PMc *cece,cecece 'shake,tremble',PCK*cecu 'continuembarrassment (likamwada)'. PCK*caka-i-,ccaka-i-'chase,pursue'. ouslywidespread', PPC*cepe,cepe-ki 'kick':CHKchchep'kickingwiththefeet, be kicked',chepe-ti'k. it'; PULRepe-ti-(y), Ripe-ti-y'k. it'; CRLshep,shepe-ti;CRNRip,Ripi-ti;WOLshepe'k. withthe PONtep,tepe-k. 'k.it';PuA sepesepe'k.',sepe-ki'k.it';PCK*cepe,cepe-(kt)i-; feet',shepe-gi-(i) CHKchiyechi'c., friend,be companions',chiye-na-(n)'his c., PPC*ci[ae]'companion': him'; chiye-ne-(ni) 'acquireas a c.';PULRiye-nd-'c.';WOLshiye-la-'c.',shiye-li-(i)'accompany PCK*ci[ael,ci[ae]-na,ci[ae]-ni;PONtie-(kepe)'childof a chief(honorific)("thighc.")'. PPC? *[cd]iki'fragrant': PuA tikitiki'fragrance, f.';PONpwo-tik'f'. PPC*cip[ae]'comforted,consoled':CHKchip, chipe-(n6);PULRip 'be c., consoled', shipe-e-(y)'actin anappeasingman(d)-shipashipa. Ripe-e-(y)'c. him/her';CRL(d)-shipaship, 'comfortorconsole(s.o.)'; ner,appeaseorbribe(s.o.),comfortorconsole(s.o.);CRNRipe-e-(y) 'comforthim/her',(ga)-shipeshipe WOLshipe'to recoverfromcryingor anger',(ga)-shipe-(e) 'comfort,console';PuA ? sipe sipesipe'to beg,pray';PCK*cip[ae];PONtip 'to be full after Cf. KIRriba-na'totill,cultivate(s.t.)'. eating(honorific)'. 'c. or call to chicks(by PPC*coko,li-coko 'tocluck,cluckingbird':CHK(6)-chokochok 'a smalllandbird(probablybushwarbler)'; motherhen)',ni-chchk,-chchoe-(n),-chchcku-(n) CRL(li)-tchogh'sp. bushwarbler)'; PUL(o)-coccok'c.',li-cck, -cc(co-(n)'a smallbird(probably of bird';CRN(li)-tchog'sp.of bird';WOLli-chchogi'a kindof bird';PCK*ccoko,cokocoko,liccoko;PONli-tok'hen'.NotethatMRSteAlkwkkek'cluckingof a hen'hasaninitialt insteadof loanfromPONorCHK.Cf.MOKli-sok'sp.of fish'. anapparent expectedd andis, therefore, futurenegative)': CHK-te;MRT lest(purposeful PPC*-de 'negative marker, aspect imperative -te;PUL-te;CRL-te WOL-te'shouldnot,won't,maynot,oughtnot';PCK*-de;PONdE'lest'. PPC*dera-ina 'fishscales,be scaled':CHKtere-wun,tere-wuna-(n)'s. (of fish),its s.'; PULteraa-wtna(sic) 'to scale(a fish),pluck(feathers)', tera-wuna (sic) 'a fishthathasbeens., pluckedbird';CRLtera-yili,tera-ytili'to scale(a fish)';WOLtera-ule'to scalefish,be s.', tera'toscale PON(ke)-der-win 'toscale,pluck',(ke)-der-wina ula-(a)'toscaleit';PCK*d(ea)ra-una; orpluck(s.t.)'.Cf. MRSkar-win'to scalefish,be scaled'.See PMc *una,unauna,una-fi'hair, feathers,scales,remove(hairorscales)'. PPC*die 'squeezed,pushedtogether':CHKti 'becrowded,p. together',tiiti'shove,push, shoving';WOLtiye'bes.,p.,packed,jammed';PCK*die;PONdie'topoke(s.t.),pushorpull(s.t.) witha stickorthefeet'.Cf.PPC*didi,di- 'fence,wall'.Cf.PMc *lsS]ixi,[sS]ixi-ri-'push,shove'. PPC*didi,di- 'fence,wall':CHKttiit,titti-(n)'f.,w.,housepartition, hegde,pen,f. of', tti-i'w.,partitionof a house,room,his r.'; (y),titti-i-(y)'f. or enclose(s.t.)',(e)-ti-(ip),(e)-ti-(ppa-n) PULtitti-(n)'barrier, enclosure,wall),shut,close';CRL enclosure,w.of', ti-i-(y)'build(a barrier, tti 'shut,close, secure(s.t.)',ttii-(lo)'close, shut',ti-i-(y)'to close, shut(s.t.)',ttit'be closed, shut';WOLtti 'be closed,enclosed,shut',tti-i-(ye)'closeit, shutit', tti-(paape)'w. boardof a housew.';PuA titi(sic) 'w.,beamdividingfloorof houseintosechouse',tiiti(sic) 'partition, tions';PCK*di-,ddi,diddi,didi,di-i-,ddi-i-;PONdii 'w.of a building',did 'builda w.',didi-i 'build(a w.)';MOKdid 'w.,to makea w.'Cf.PEO*Iszli[szli,[szJidi,[szlin[szli(BUGhidi'wall, stonewall') andcf. SAAtete'stonefence'. Cf. also MRSkiyi- 'sideof a house'.KIR(te)-riri 'grassskirt'is a loanfroma PNsource(cf. FIJlili). PULttiwe;CRLtiwe-igh; PPC*diwa-ike'ninety':CHKttiwe'n.',(e)-ttiwe-e-(n) 'ninetieth'; PONduwe-ek. See PMc *Siwa'nine'. WOLtiwe-ige,PuA tio-iki;PCK*diwa-ike; PPC*dowu 'stab,pierce,be stabbed,pierced':CHKttu 'be sewn, stitched(of thatch),be thrown,hurled,jabbed,stabbed(of spearsonly)';ttuu-(w)'sew,stitch(thatch),s.,jab,hurl(a (sic) spear)';MRTtt(wu'to s. (s.o.)';PULtto,ttJw 'to s., p., spear,vaccinate,inject',tt(7w-(p1ij) 'to spearrepeatedly, 'to s., to spear';CRLtt(W'to spears.t.,s. s.t.,giveone aninjection',touttcw

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RECONSTRUCTIONS -2 2

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'to spear,innoculate, s., engagein spearing,be thorny,thorns';STwtowutow'tOS.';WOLtCW,U 'to spearit, s. it,p. it', ttau'pickwithfork,s.';PuA tou'spearit,poke p.', tiu-u-(we),ttcu-u-(we) it, injectit', tautou'to spear,poke,inject';PCK*dowu;PONdow-(y-ak)'a typeof spearfishing donein mangroveswamp'.Cf.Fijisova4sovu-ta'breaka holeinthinthings').Cf.alsoSAASusu 'to prick,p., impale,sew'; KWAsusu 'jab,inject,injection';AROSUSU, SuM-'i'to prick,p., 'topushinto';PKB*sudu'topushforward';UAN *susuk'p.'Sec also PMc impale;LAKSUSU 'todig'. *[sS]owu,[sSJowu-tiPPC*edda,#eeda 'thenumberone, one (in serialcounting)':CHKeet 'one', egtt-(raaiw) 'one-two(incountingby twos)';MRTeet;PULY6gt;CRLext,eet;STWyggt;WOLyte, yata(sic); PCK*edda,#eeda;PONEed;MOK od; POc *([eeil)-(n)sa, (Feil)-(n)sasa(Tongataha [? < *nsasa];SAA['el-ta taa; ULAta'e;BUG[keJ-ha;ARota; KWA[eJ-ta,tee, PLK*Sasa'one'); UAN * (e)-sa,(i)-sa.Cf. KSRsie 'one';POc *sa(Rossi988). PPC*faa 'brave,strong':CHK.fr'beb.,bold';WoLfaa-(tagi), 'beb.,S.';PCK fia-(tagiteWji) *faa;MOKpa 'betalented'. PPC*faco 'longobject'(countingclassifier):CHK-fr6ch, fichti-(n) '1.o., 1. o. of'; PUL PuA -daso 'movingobject(counting :f6R;CRL:f6Sh; -fishO; CRN.f6R;STW:f6R;WOL '1.o.' (countingclassifier). classifier);PCK*-faco;PON-PwOt PPC*fadili 'anygrass,sedge,orfern':CHK.fetin, MRTfirail;PULfritl,frihfli-(n); fefini-(n);PuA datini;PCK*fadili;PON(ree)STwfetin;WoLfritili; CRL.fitil,frill; UL1.ffith11; SNsfirltini; Cf.YAPlrxyi 'typeof grass'. padil 'sp.of grass(ischaomn chonlatwn)'. PPC*fadi,fadi-ki- 'pinchor squeezewiththefingers':CHKjetti-k, jiyitti-k'p.withthef.', 'top. (s.t.);CRN.fiti'p.it';PuL.fatiki-(y) 'top.';CRLjfidte-ghi.fti-ghi filf-ki-(i-y),ftyitti-ki-(i-y) gi 'top. (s.t.)';WoL.fati-gi-(i) 'p.it,pluckit,nipit,pickit upwithfingertips';PuA dati-ki'p.it'; PCK*fadi-ki-;PONpeld'besqueezedorpressed',padi-k'to squeezeorpress'. PPC*fadiila 'canoepaddle':CHK.f9trin,ftline-(n) CRL 'c. p., p. of'; PUL.fatufiatai0-(n); PuA dattina;PCK*fadffla; PONpadil;MOKpadil. fatal;WOLfatile;PPC*fai[ae]'fare,proceed':CHKftyiye-'f., p., happen',feyiya-(,jaw),j?yiye-(pwutak) 'go feyiy6-(watdc) badly,havebadluck',feyiy~-(&ch), 'part'go well,havegoodluck',feyiye-w(mHmwefl) (sic)'havebadluck,bein trouble',.f*ii-(fiR) (sic)'belucky,well inggiftof food';PuLftye-(q9aw) 'havebadluck,be ata disadvantage', 'fortune,luck',faiiye-(y e),,fari-(p"'uto) off'; WOLfiiYa4PuA (ka)-daie-(maii) 'be lucky,fortunate'; (sic) 'be happy,blessed, .faiye-(f,shi), faiye-(m"'aadi) 'tobecursed';PCK*fai[aeI-; PONpaiya-(mWaaw) 'luck,goodfortune,be lucky',(ka)-daie-(p"Yitelri) MOKpay 'goodfortune,befortunate'. lucky',paxzye-(ntE) 'luckily,fortunately'; PPC*fala,ka-falafala'adzing,cutwithan adze':CHKKfianafan 'adzing,adzework',fana 'c. or shapeit withana.',fane-(e-ya-) 'c. or shapeit withana', fr1ne-(e-y) 'thingadzedby (s.o.)'; 'tocarve,cut,hew'%,frde-y 'carve,adze,orcutit'; MRTafafil 'c.orcarvewithana.';P'UL.fal,fiall4d fiale-ya-'thingadzedby (s.o.)';CRLfiI,ffiale-e-y 'chop,split(wood)',fa1afal'adzing,chopping, notchescutin a coconuttree';STWya-falafal'c.,carvewithana, stepscutin coconuttree';WOL .fiifak 'toc. orhewwithana.',fda-(a)'c.,hew,orcarveitwithana.',ge-frle-fale' stepsoncoconut tree,to makesuchsteps';PuA danadana'carving,to carve,chopwood',dana'tochopit';PCK PONpal 'hackwithaknife',pelr'hackit',peepElE--(n *fala,falafala, fala-(a),(ka)-falafala; siklUiwi) 'notchesin coconuttree';MOKpclpcl'tochop',pol 'chop(s.t.)',ka-palapx'stepscutin coconut trunk'.Cf.MRSyalyL'tocarve,to repaira boat,to fixoroverhaul'; KSRye-ki'tocarveout';KSR 'c.stepsin a coconuttree'(aloan). (a loan);KSR.falke firl 'split,sawlengthwise' PPC*fawo-ni-pei'nameof PohnpeiIsland':CHKf6i6nupi; CRLj66opey; 36nepeey; PULfi( WoLbb6lopei;PONpoLp6fxy;MOKpoonpey;MRS frk1'9wnp9y;KSR palpe. The PON,MOK,and

areclearlyloansfromthePONor CHK forms. formsappearto be cognate;theremainder See PMc *fawo'surface,on', PMc *-ni'of,pertaining to',PCMc *pei'stonestructure'. PPC*fee 'engagein sexualintercourse, performan action':CHKkt'e. in s. i.',.ft*-(y)'have sex withhim/her';PULJfrCRL.fefi-(y);WOLj.frf-(ye);PuA date(sic);SNS.je,' PCK*fee; PON(a)-pe'performor causesomeactionormotion,haves. i.', (a)-pee-neP 'havesex withhim! her'.Cf. CRLfaiU-li-aa'lover';ULI.fdds'penis';LAu.fai-'performative pref.',j&i'dowith,help orperformative in';LAKvai-,Va-,vi- 'causative prefix'. CHK

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PPC *fele 'to peck': CHKffen,fwffe 'to p. (as a chicken)', .fee-e-(y) 'p. it'; CRL.fl, fle-e-

PCK*fe[ln]e;PONpeI,pali-i. (y), WOLfelefdefile-e-(ye); PPC*fin[ei]'wrapped,boundup':CHK.finifin 'wrapping,bandage',fini-ti 'bandageit, wrapclothor mattingaroundit (end-pieceof a canoe)',fis-sop"(