Reminiscences Old Sheffield
October 30, 2017 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
, Robert Eadon Reminiscences Old Sheffield Violin Making As It Was and Is Being a Historical Forgotten ......
Description
RE M INIS C ENC ES
O LD
S H EFFIEL D
I T S S T REE T S A N D IT S P E O P L E
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S H EFFI E L D L EA D E R A N D
S ONS, I N D EP E N D EN T O F F I CE 1 87 5
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PR E F A C E
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THI S b oo k
d o e s n o t claim to b e anything so dig nified as hi story It i s o n ly a gathering t o gether o f the vari ou s threads o ut of which hi story i s wo ve n —thread s which if n o t s eized an d put in to t an Our l o cal an n al s affo rd gible s hape qu ickly e s cape alt o g ether m an y illus tr ati o n s o f t h e l o s s that h as bee n s u s tain ed thro u h g wan t o f pe rs o n s w h o wo u ld take the tr ou ble carefully t o chr o n icle s m all detail s an d n o o n e c an be fu lly co n s ci o u s of that m i s fo rt un e until he ri s e s fro m t h e c o m pilati o n o f s u ch a w o rk as thi s If each pas t ge n er ati o n f o r (s ay) a hu n dred an d fifty year s h ad po s s e ss ed i t s C ap n C u ttle w h o w o u ld n o t o n ly ha v e m ade a n o te of what he fo u n d bu t have left that n o te whe re others co uld fin d it my labo u r s w o uld have been g reatly lighten ed .
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I used the wo rd c o mpilatio n advi s edly ju s t n o w fo r thi s book is n o thing m ore ambitio u s It had its o rigin i n a very widely exp re s s ed wi s h that a n um ber o f a rticle s an d letters which appeared i n Th e S hefii eld a nd Ro t her h am I n dep en den t in 1 8 7 2 an d 1 8 7 3 sho u ld as c o n tributio n s t o o ur local fo lk lore be repr o duced i n a fo rm m o re readily acce s sible than s cattered through the files of a n ewspaper “
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My
duty h as thu s been the m o de s t o n e of collating arrang i ng an d (wher e ver that w as p o s sible ) of ve rifyi ng what m ore competen t han ds had written To them in the fir s t in s tan ce belon g s any m erit the b o ok m ay p o s s e s s If I hav e thro wn t o o flim sy a veil o ver the in dividu ality of any m e mber o f this am icable confraternity I mu s t trust that the exi gen cies of editor shi p will form a s uffi cient excu s e ,
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B ut H allam shire m en
will feel that an additional value has b een given to this gossip by the fact that most of the proof
eets hav e h ad the advan tage o f careful revi s i o n by the late Mr William S wift t h e o n e m an b e s t fitted t o enrich by t h e s u gge s ti o n s an d t o te s t by the re s ou r ces o f his acc u rate m i n d To hi s me m o ry I ve n ture t o dedicate a vo lum e i n wh o s e pr o gre s s h e t o o k a v ery lively in ter e s t sh
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qu ite c o n s cio u s that n o t u n frequently e vents are m en t i o n e d i n the s e page s which c an h ardly be con s ider ed p ro perly t o ” b elo n g t o Old Sh effield S o m e o f them hav e o cc urred with in t h e m e m o ry o f th o s e am o n g s t u s w h o have n o t yet r eached m id dle ag e I h av e th ou ght it b etter t o err o n thi s s ide r ath er th an o n t h e o th e r ; n o t t o draw a lin e t o o har d an d fa s t between t h e Sheffield o f o ur o w n day an d the Sheffield o f o u r an ce s t o r s c o n sci o u s that each s u cceedin g year will further r emov e any r epro ach that can be urged o n this s c o r e R E LEADE R I
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ER R A T A
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2 7 — I s aac
B arn e s liv e d i n t h e h ou s e at t h e c orn e r o f C am p o l an e an d H aw l e y C ro ft n o t o f Le e C r o ft 3 1 — 1 6 li n e s f r o m b o tt o m de l e t h e co m m a aft er b u ild er ” an d r e ad J os e ph O ak e s t h e b u il de r o f W as hi n gt o n W o r k s ” 1 0 li n e s f r o m b o tt o m f or as s i z e 31 — r e ad as s ay 44 — 3 lin e s f r o m b o tt o m f o r S u t c liff e r e ad S u t liff e 46 — li n e 22 f o r S il v e s t e r r e ad S yl v e s t er 1 4 li n e s f r o m b o tt o m f or Yo u n g e an d Ri m i n g t o n s r e ad B i m i n g t o n s an d 71 — .
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lin e 31 f o r Ge or g e S m ith r e ad Ge or g e G l an v ill e Sm ith 98 — li n e 7 f o r P e ach r e ad P e e ch 1 03 —lin e 2 6 f o r L ai n g r e ad L an g 1 1 0 —li n e 1 2 f or R aw m ar s h re ad B r am l e y p 1 1 1 — lin e 6 t h e n am e o f M r H un t s m an as a s t e e l c on v er t er i s o m itt e d p 1 92 —li n e 7 f or com p ar i n g r e ad c o nf u s in g P202 b o tt om li ne b ut o n e : f or Ril e y Carr 8: C o r e ad Ril ey Car r 85 C o 87
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REMINISCENOES OF OLD SHEFFIELD .
C HA P T E R I
P ARAD IS E S Q U ARE C A M P O ,
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M r G E O R G E LE I G H T O N , M r S AM U E L E VE RARD M r F Tw I s s , .
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Th e A n t ig an i g a Jf o de r n C t t i z e n S laefli e ld .
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L E O NA R D
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E I G H T ON : So the old s tep s in Paradi s e
quare have gone at last Have yo u secured the top ston e for your collectio n M r Twiss TWI s s : N o it would have been rather too larg e ; but I wi s h it co u ld be preserved s omewhere ; otherwi s e like so many other thing s that di s appear it will be con s ig n ed to obliv ion E VE RARD What eloquence h as rung fr om that ston e LEONARD A nd what nonse n se E VERAR D : Brougham Morpeth B ethel Milton E lliott D unn R oebuck an d M u n de lla have thence charmed thou sands of eager li s tener s LEONARD : A nd others hav e thence uttered rant enough to ca u s e the very stone s to cry out LE I G HT ON There were few finer sights in Sheffield than ” a great meeting in t Pot square when the p eople were really in earne st and the speaker a man of po w er LE ONARD : The finest sight o f all wa s when Mr Henry Hoole flouri s hing his arms in a bur s t of exuberant elo fi st brought down hi s o n Mr L eader s hat and u e n ce q
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P A R AD I S E S Q U A R E
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kn ocked it over his eyes That was a notable time too when R oebuck sitti n g i n his carriage at the bottom of the ag al n s t i ons teps li tened to Ca pbell Foster s fulminat m s s him There h as s eldom been so much use made of a t t”e wai s t coa t and a loud v oice B ut this is not O ld She ffield WRAGG : The eloq u e n ce from the step s h as often been e xceeded by the wit fro m the crowd which always displayed a keen se n s e of the humorous and a quick p erception o f humbug LEONA R D : D oes anyone know when m ee t ln g s were first held in the S quare Tw rs s : The fir s t on record that I have found was i n to the largest con 1 7 7 9 J u ly 1 5 whe n Wesley preached 1 7 98 he ever saw on a week day Then in i n r e a t o g g R owland Hill came down and preached there one Sunday eve n i n g after an afternoo n service in Queen Street Chapel He had an immen s e co n gregation and co n fusion was cause d to w a r ds the end by some fellow drawing his sword upon the people Before that out door meetings were held on the Ca s tle hill or at the Church gates before the old Town Hall ; sometime s on Crookes moor or piece s of wa s te land anywhere handy LEONA R D : Pray spare us the old story about somebody who kne w s omebody else who remembered the S quar e as a corn field WRAGG Why should we There are people still living who remembered it a field of oats o r were not long ago e n tered from the top by Hick s s tile A n elderly lady who died not many years ago had gone with the maid to milk her father s cows which were pastured there There seem s always to have been a footpath acro s s which was indeed the only thoro u ghfare from that side of the town Pedestrians goi n g u p Silv er s treet head (busier then I believe than High street ) had to cross to Wheat s passage by Mr Ryalls o fii c e if they were going to the Market ; or if to the old Town Hall they we n t over Hicks stile up St James s row (or We s t row or V irgin s row for it has borne all three — name s ) there were steps at the bottom the whole width of the row— and then acro s s the Churchyard E VERARD : The lamp in the centre of the S quare has take n the place of the old cross shaft removed there from S n ig hill head ; but the step s up to it are I should think u n cha n ged The sto ck s were r emoved there from t he Church ga t e s ,
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— S T O C KS
TH E W RAGG
TH O MA S B ROAD B EN T
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A nd drunke n men were placed in them on
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S unday s for puni s hme n t The practice had to be dropped becau s e of t h e disturba n ces it cau s ed The last instance of a d r unke n m an bei n g placed in the s tocks w as forty th ree or forty fo u r year s ago LE I G HT ON : What became of the s tocks in the S quare " W RAGG : Whe n they got out of order the two piece s o f woo d that co n fined the delinquent s feet became lo o s e an d the late Mr W H Clayton the broker under the step s in the S quare removed them into his back yard for safety There they remai n ed for years and n o one ever inquired fo r them E V E R ARD : There were stock s also at B ri dg eh o u s e s oppo s ite the end o f the iron bridge ; at At t e r cli fie ; near E cclesall Chapel an d near the old S ugar House She ffield moor W RAGG : Paradi s e s quare was t h e re s idence of n otable men I believe it w as the fir s t s uburban place to which tradesme n retired awa y from their works LE ONARD : D o yo u thi n k s o There were surely sub urban residences before that and further out than that I ha v e been told by a gentleman still living whose father resided there when he wa s a boy that the S quare has scarcely changed at all in appearance s ince very early in the century It w as then buil t all round as it i s now an d with the same buildi n gs except a few which ha v e been moderni s ed on the east s ide W RAGG : Well at any rate many of the first families in the town lived there LEONARD D r G atty i n a note at p 1 7 7 of his E dition of Hunter says that Thomas Broadbent took a lea s e of the field in 1 7 7 6 and built the hou s es on the east side N ow I happen to k n ow that the lease to Thoma s B road bent — s o far at least as co n cern s the land at the top of that side of the S quare — is dated 1 7 3 6 He had five daughters and he built the fiv e ho u s es at the top afterwards B ram ley and G ai n s f o rd s o ffi ce s an d the adj oining ones — for them O n his death they came into their po ssession The date 1 7 7 6 must be a clerical or a printer s error E VER AR D B ut that date suits better the corn field reco l lection s of the old inhabitants who have now passed away ; unless indeed the S quare remained a field after the hous e s on the east side were built An d this is very p ossible W RAGG : I have been told by a man who was in the service of her father whose bu s iness was in Hollis croft .
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PARA D I S E S Q U A R E
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that Mis s Harrison was born in one of the house s at the top i n wh at wa s r ey s e t up here ide of the S quare Then Chant s then N o 1 4 as an arti s t and adv erti s ed that he took por trait s i n crayons That w as in 1 8 0 2 Two years later he made a step nearer his proper vocatio n for he had com m e n c e d taking models from life E VERARD It would be interesting to know if many of his c r ayon portrait s are exta n t LEONARD : Yes numbe r s You will fin d a long li s t of them in Mr John Holland s Memorials of Chantrey The whereabouts of most of them was known when that was pub li s h e d in 1 8 5 0 E VERARD You may see in the O ld Church his first piece of sculpture the monu m ent to Ju s tice Wilkinson which the the I r i s shrewd e n ough to p r edict the future celebrity of ” you n g arti s t praised as a faithful an d a ff ecting resem ” blan ce The bu s t of D r Browne in the board room of — 1 8 1 0 the I n firm ary i s also by Chantrey executed in four years after the Wilkinso n monument LE I G HT ON : A nother worthy who liv ed i n the S quare u p t o the time of his death in 1 8 1 7 w as the R ev G eorge Smith curate of E cclesall an d a s s istant mini s ter at the Pari s h Ch u rch — the father of Mr A lbe r t Smith He lived near the bottom on the ea s t side LEONARD I see a window has bee n i n serted in place of the old door at the top of the steps but the pillas t e r s remain to s how where the door entered Mr H e bblet h w ai t e s s chool WRAGG : That room was originally b u ilt as a Free m asons — lodge It w as afterwards put to various uses a danci n g I remember hearing the not e s chool and a p r eaching room r ion s R obert O wen lecture there A t one time a co n s ider able congregation o f Independe n ts assembled there under the mini s try of the R ev Mr Pari s h They contemplated b u ilding a chapel but they let the opp o rtunity slip and m uch they regretted it afterwards The last three survivor s o f that co n g r egation were M r Spear of the firm of Spear an d Jack s o n ; Mr Peter Spurr tobacconist father of Mr Spurr che m i s t an d druggist ; and the late Mr Jo seph Brit leb an k scale c u tter The leases ha v e n o w fallen in or are tf i n all g in s o that pos s ibly it may n o t remain lo n g in its old state Tw rs s : Yes ; the lease of art fell in two c ar s a ) o f the other part for it is bI i lt on two le g s e s ) af f hg s hows that it is j ust over a century old as the lease would ,
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B L I ND FI DD L ER S
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doubt be a ninety nine year s one T he room was built by Mr No w i ll who had a shop in High street oppo s ite G eorge street E V ERARD : The pot market that w as held i n the Sq u are on market day s ha s quite di s appeared or i s o n ly repre se n ted by the crocke ry s hop s on the north S ide TW I s s : There w as a s ort of pot market formerly by the Chu r ch gates VV RAG G : The Square h as bee n the sce n e of degrading tran s action s as w ell as of hon o u rable o n e s Some brute once for a wager ate a liv e e at o n the s tep s I k ne w a per s on who bought h i s wi fe in the Sq u are whither s h e had been led in a halter LE I G HT ON : Q in the Co r n e r w as an o ld public ho u s e much freque n ted by fiddle r s s i n c e it w as kept by S am G ood lad fir s t fiddle r on all impo r ta n t occa s i o n s VVR AG G : The blind fiddle r s we r e q u ite an i n s titutio n A t o n e time the r e were s i x of them s e veral of w ho m we r e excelle n t performer s o n the v ioli n Their n a m e s w ere Ja m e s Knight Samuel Hawke Thoma s Booth A lexa n der Clayto n (brother of the late \V H Clayt o n broker ) W illia m B r u m by an d Jo s eph W ard They had their circ u it s chiefly o n the out s kirt s of the town to which they we n t i n pai r s play ing fir s t s an d seco n d s an d they kept t o their o w n di s trict s A t Christmas they w e n t ro u n d a Ch r i s tma s bo x i n g d r op ping into public hou s e s an d bei n g li b e rallv rewa r ded f o r the tunes they played LEONARD : There i s a good s to ry of a bli n d fiddler in Joh n Wil s o n s editio n of Mathe r s So n g s p 5 5 Thi s w as Bli n d Stephe n w h o w as I ima g i n e o f ea rlier date tha n those yo u have m e n tioned E s RAR D The hou s e at the top co r n e r of Pa r adi s e s q u a r e and Campo la n e n o w a d r a m S hop w as s ixty v e ai s ago a h o w as s u c re s pectable r o c e r s s hop kept by Mr N ewt o n (w B e nj ami n E lli s ) an d at that ti m e w as m uch c e e de d by M I celebrated amo n g s t the g r i n der s b o t h i n town an d co u n t ry for the quality of the articles o f e m ery croc u s an d gl u e VVRAG G : Ye s that s hop had almo s t the m o n o p o l y o f the tra de TW I s s : More rece n tly the s hop w as occ u pied by Mr Cro s s la n d n oted f o r h i s reg u la r an d pu n ct u al atte n da n ce to it the whole day long H i s o n ly rec r eati o n w as a w alk u p G l o s s op road after h i s s hop w as clo s ed at night E VERARD : Then came as n o w the barb er s shop at that no
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C AM P O L AN E
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time occupied by the father and predece s s or of the Mr Cop ley who w as rece n tly burn t to death in a shocki n g manner by an explo s ion of gun powder The Ball Inn next door ” then the G olde n Ball w as kept i n my yo u thfu l days by Antipas Stevens a very i n telligent and re s pectable m an who kept h i s house i n proper order I believe he took to it at the S n i g h i ll time Mr Crich re m oved to the B lack Swa n Mr Steve n s w as by trade a S ilv er s mith ; an d I have an i m pressio n that he had been apprenticed to As h fo r t h E llis an d The Brazier s Sick C o or at lea s t had wo r ked for them Club met at his house and the i n n w as moreover at that time much freque n ted by country people on the market days and more especially by the grin der s from the n eighbo u rho ods of Wad s ley L oxley an d Ri ve li n A fter refre s hi n g themselve s ” there with the good home b r ewed they wo u ld call at the adjoin ing s hop of Mr E llis for their weekly s upply of emery and crocus and groceries In the watchmake r s shop a little further o n long occ u pied by Mr D a v id Joh n s on an d now by his son was Mr Z acch eu s D yson whose active figure dressed in a brown coat drab s mall clothes and broad brimmed hat for he belonged to the Society of Fr iends — still lives in the r e Mr D yson it s pect fu l remembrance of many of our tow n s m en is related once received a letter from a Q u aker correspondent addr es s ed For Z acch e u s D yson clock and w atchmaker ” She ffield near to a great heap of stones called a church TW I s s : Mr D yso n retired to Handsworth Woodhouse and died there 4t h Jun e 1 8 6 1 W RAGG : N arrow as Cam po lane is it was once still nar rower a slice ha vi n g been taken from the Churchyard to widen it LEONARD : O n the s ite of the o ffice s of B u rbe ary and Smith at the cor n er of N orth Church street a worthy lady named Ward kept a school She was much re s pected by her pupils and her frie n ds an d s h e now enj oys a quiet old age in the Shrewsbury Ho spital [ Mrs Ward died after this conversation took plac e on the 3 1 s t D ecember 1 8 7 2 aged 8 6 It i s recorded that she enjoyed almost u n interrupted good health up to the hour of her death ) E VERARD The first shop past that was long occupied by the late Mr John Innocent book s eller B efore that it had bee n the lawyer s o ffice of Mr B ro o k field uncle of the late Mr Charles B r o o k field ; an d in 1 8 3 9 Mr Innocent there found the legal docum e nts which w e re i ssu e d for the first pro se o u .
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M O N T GO M ERY
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PRO S E CUT I O N S —
S CANTL E B U RYS
TH E
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tion of Montgomery in 1 7 9 5 Mr Innocent placed i n Mont m er ha n ds the paper s he fou n d an d fro m them he fir s t s o g y learnt and posse ssed certain proof that he had been the victim of a s tate pro s ecutio n The s e docume n t s stated amongst other things that briefs were to be giv en to ” Co u n s el with the A ttorney G eneral s co m pli m ents ; an d that this pro s ecutio n i s ca r ried on chiefly with a vi ew to p ut a stop t o the a s s ociated cl u b s i n Sheffield ; an d it i s to be hoped if we are fortunate e n o u gh to s u cceed i n c on v ict i n g the pri s o n er it will go a great way toward s cu r bi n g th e ” i n s olence they hav e u n ifor m ly m a n ifested The paper s which were s how n at an exhibitio n at the Mu s ic Hall in 1 8 48 were gi ve n to Mr I n n oce n t b y M r s B r o o k fie ld an d he gav e the m to Mo n tgo m e ry refu s i n g all payme n t although the poet offered any m o n ey for the m LE ONARD I ha v e heard that a third and still more bitter prosecution of Mr Mo n tgome ry w as threatened E VERARD Thi s w as i n 1 8 0 6 Mo n tgo m e r y actually received the legal n otice s for a pro secutio n ba s ed o n h i s strictures on the campaig n in G er m a n y whe n G e n eral Mack and A ustrian s laid dow n their arm s He him s elf s aid I n ever knew how the blow mi s s ed me for it w as aimed with a cordiality that m ea n t no repetitio n of the s troke T he death of N el s on probably s aved me for i n the next I r i s I s poke of that eve n t in a strai n of s uch patrioti s m that my former dis ” loyalty w as perhap s overlooked Tw I s s A fo r t u n ate e s cap e E VERARD : A few door s fu rther on the la n e were the S cantle bury s worthy Quake r s who dealt i n looki n g gla s s e s There was old Thomas Scantleb ury of The Hill s ; an d he had three s ons John B a r low S ca n tleb u ry Jo s eph S cantlebu ry an d Samuel Sca n tleb u ry Thoma s Sca n tlebury an d h i s eldest son John Barlow we r e ve r y p r o m i n e n t o ppo n e n t s of Church rates Meetings u s ed to be held i n the Ch u rchya r d adj oin ing and the s peaker s s tood o n the to m b s tone s Some of the family emigrated to A m erica LEONARD : Ye s ; the two yo u n ger s o n s Jo s eph an d Samuel The latter i s s till li vi n g i n Chicago an d retai n s h i s co n nec tio n with the Society o f Friend s ; as I s e e fro m a letter to the I n dep e n de n t re s pecti n g the oppo s itio n to the ch u rch rate s Thomas Sca n tlebu r y he s ay s w as the ad v i s e r chiefly ; while his s o n John B arlo w S cantlebury took the m o r e pro mi n ent par t I well remember that on one occa s io n the opponent s of the church rate s wo uld have fatally committed .
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C A M P O L AN E
8
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themselv e s but for my father The momentous que s tion had bee n pu t and s eco n ded i n his ab s ence b u t the people refu s ed to v ote on it u n til they h ad heard hi s v iews When he came in he very briefly stated his oppo sition to the motion show The i n g that it w ould fo r m a very da n gerous precedent motio n was then withdrawn The people said that the V icar and his set co u ld get on the bli n d s ide of everybody but old Thomas Scan tlebury I re m e m ber old Thomas R awson w as at that meetin g as active as ever I believe I never s aw him aft e rwards The Hills Tw I s s : Mr Thomas Scantlebu ry died at on the G rimesthorpe road A u gu s t 1 4 1 8 2 1 h i s son John B arlow Scan tlebury died A p r il 2 8 1 8 3 7 O ld Mrs S cantle bury was the daughter o f John Barlow the last of the family that had carried o n the old busine s s of ma n u facturers of pen an d pocket cutlery o n the premises in Campo lane j u s t b e yo n d Mr S can t leb ury s the ea s t front of which looks down the Hartshead They had been there as owners an d o c cu an d I can piers o f the property e v er si n ce the year 1 6 7 9 ” not tell how lo n g prev iou s says Mr Samuel Scantlebury in the letter Mr L eonard h as j u s t quoted It w as O ba diah Barlow the great g r eat grandfather of Sam u el Scantle bury who had the p r e m i s es i n 1 6 7 9 Whether the B arlo w of N eepse n d who died i n 1 7 4 0 was of the s ame fa m ily or not is dou btful Joh n Ba r low died in 1 7 9 8 an d one of the best bu s ine s ses in Sheffield died with h i m The trade mark was the si m ple na m e thus LEONARD : I have spoke n of old M r s Ward B efore her time there was a n other lady of the same name s ome S i x or eight doors from the Barlow property She had been house keeper to the John Barlow who has bee n me n tioned and he set her up in the grocery bu s ine s s Her shop looked more like a greenhouse than a grocer s shop She always had her windo w an d eve ry bit of spare room filled with some beau tiful flower or plant Mr S amuel S cantlebury writes If I r e member right she had a gera n ium that used nearly to fill her front wi n dows It was there I fir s t saw the hydra n gea There can n ot be many who remember her ; s h e mu s t have bee n dead more than 6 5 years The dear old woman remem bered me in her will She left me a g u inea for pocket mo n ey WRAGG : Well this brin gs us in our j ourney along the lane to the Hartshead and to the Broadbents hou s e fronti n g Yo r k s treet a few years ago occupied by Mes s rs Pye Smith and Wightman and now by Messrs J and G Webster .
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B ROAD B E NT S
THE
E VERARD
3
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B efore you tell u s the hi s tory of that hou s e let me j ust s ay that i n the w ork s hop s at the back of Mr S c an t leb u ry s premises yet a n other member of the So ciety of Friend s Mr William Chapman carried on for many year s the bu s ine s s of an engraver Tw I s s I well reme m ber his b u rial (one of the la s t inter ment s in the grav eyard of the F r ie n d s Meeti n g ho u s e ) and the s olitary s entence uttered by Frie n d E B ai n e s A fter death the j udgment E VERARD : He was a v ery a m iable an d i n telligent man highly esteemed in h i s de n omi n atio n an d at one time he was activ ely e n gaged in promoti n g the welfare of its m ember s by vi s i tin g the co u n try di s trict s H i s gra v e an d Ch r i s tia n deportment combi n ed with h i s ki n dly di s po s ition an d co u r te e n s ma n n e r s s ec u red the confide n ce an d re s pect of tho s e who had any interco u rse with h i m T W I S S We s hall s till keep amo n g the Friend s for Jo s eph Broadbe n t who died i n 1 6 8 4 w as o n e of the fir s t ge n eratio n of the Society in the town I believe it w as h i s s o n N ichola s who built the ho u s e in the Hart s head He died i n 1 7 3 6 an d was father of Joseph B r oadbe n t m ercha n t s aid to hav e been the fi r s t ba n ker i n She ffield who died i n 1 7 6 1 LEONARD Is it wo r th while to go i n to m atte r s that may be found by an y of u s i n G at t y s H u n te r T W IS S : N o but the point I wa n t to get at i s were the Broadbents the fir s t ba n ker s i n the tow n 2 I ha v e been told that the fir s t per s o n who practi s ed thi s profe s s io n i n Shef I n the Hal field w as one o f the fr aternity of pawnbroke r s ” it i s s aid I n 1 7 7 8 Me s s r s J an d T B r oadbe n t lam s h i r e opened a bank in Hartshead o n the fail u r e o f M r R oebuck s bank which w as the fir s t k n own in Sheffield and o n lv la s ted ” eight years an d i n 1 7 8 0 the Broadbe n t s failed LEONARD If Jo s eph Broadbe n t died in 1 7 6 1 how co u ld 2 You r i n formation an d H u nter s he be a ba n ker i n 1 7 7 8 do not seem to agree T W I S S : They were the s on s of J o s e ph — J o s e ph an d Thomas who were the ba n ke r s of 1 7 7 8 ; but had their father been a banker before them 2 I s aw the other day an early She ffi eld bank n ote of which I took a copy : :
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R
t
0 6 S h effield 0 1d B a n k J a n ua r y 2 4 , 1 7 8 3 A t S h ef b e a r er o n dema n d If w e G ui nea s
We
p r o na s e t o p a y t h e field va lue r eee w ed
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H A S LE II U RS T
an d
Se x
TH E HART S H EAD
10
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and Son it seems became unfortunate for the note w as e n dorsed with an exhibit u n der a co m mi s sion in ba n kruptcy 2 3 r d Ju n e 1 7 8 5 B ut i n the fact that it i s called the She ffi eld O ld Bank I am led to inquire D id the ban k afterwards carried o n by Me s s r s Parker Shore and C o a r ise fr om the ashe s of this one for it bore the same name WRAGG : Whether Mr Joseph Broadbe n t was the first ba n ker or n o t he was at any rate the fir s t me r chant who traded with A merica There i s a good story told of one of the B r oadbent s at the time of the suspe n s io n of the ba n k That su s pe n s io n took place on a Mo n day mor n i n g On the precedi n g Sunday s ome D erbyshi r e man came k n ocki n g at the bank door A voice fr o m Within a s ked what he wanted ” The co u ntryman replied I hav e come to the ba n k We ” do not t r a n s act b u s ines s on S u n days was the an s w er Then the cou n tryman said I ha v e n o t come for mo n ey but I ” have brought some The other r eplied That i s q u ite a ” di fferen t thi n g So the door w as ope n ed an d the D erby shire man left his money LEONARD : That would be called by a hard name now a days WRA GG : The Messrs Bin n ey W ere afterwards in the Hartshead premises Tw i s s Yes but the first successor of the Broadbe n ts w as Mr John T urner a mercha n t who died i n 1 7 9 6 He wa s uncle to Henry L ongden and to Mrs Binney ; an d thus we see how the premise s came into the occupation of the B i n n eys WRA GG : I have bee n told that the B i n n eys had at one time the best count ry trade in the town as merchants and the largest s teel furnaces (they have j u s t been pulled down an d the bricks are in heap s i n the ya r d ) I believe they were the fir s t steel manufacturer s who had a tilt O ne of their best t r avellers was the father of Mr Joseph Haywood I had the impres s ion that the father of the late Mr G W Hinchliffe of E yre street was al s o a t r aveller for the B in neys but that I find was a mi s take LEONARD : So long ago as 1 8 25 the building had been turned i n to lawyer s o ffices In that year it was occupied by Mr Copeland solicitor WRA GG : While we are among the Friend s and so near their Meeting house permit me to say one of them told me that in h i s recollection he c an co u n t more than a score who have left She ffield and gone to A merica and become mini s H as leh u r s t
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TH E
DO VE
11
RA I N B O W
AND
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ters who had they remained in the town would never have been able to open their mouths L E ONARD I thought there were no ministers amon g the Q uakers LE I G HT ON : You mu s t forgive the abrupt tran s ition when ” I say— N ow hail to thee old D ove and R ainbow " Sixty year s ago th e drum and fif e were scarcely e v er ab s ent from thy door when Sergeant Kenyon and S ergeant B arber were on the look out for recruits Well do I remember see i n g on e o f them co m e forth with h i s corporal two or three rank and file with drum and fife and march boldly to Water lane and there d r aw u p h i s detachme n t in li n e Then did the sergean t with s t r eamers flying in the ai r sheathe hi s sword an d he an d h i s men marched boldly into the public house an d like a galla n t war r ior a s he w as called for h i s tankard of foami n g ale The s ergea n t had ready for each recruit a s pade ace g u inea with h i s Maj esty s portrait i m pressed upon i t pi g tail and all The warlike s on g was ,
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Ro ll u p, s o m er r ily , m ar c h aw ay S o ld i e r s gl o ry l i v e s i n s t o r y H i s l aur e l s ar e g r e en w h en h i s l o ck s are An d i t s h eigh f o r t h e h i e o f a s o l di er ’
g re y
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In my youth I an d other s of my own age were in the habit of singi n g s o n gs about L ord Welli n gton in Spain an d Campo la n e s e n t o ut its quota both for the navy and the army I could mentio n n ames were it nece s s ary — John D awson himself the son of a soldier who died fighti n g i n India an d A rtilleryman D ixo n an d other s W RAGG I have heard v ery old people s ay that the D o v e and R ai n bow w as once o n fire The la n dlady had m ade her e s cape from the flame s but she turned back to re s cue a con s ide r ab le s u m of mo n ey an d pe r i s hed T W I S S : That I i m agine wo u ld be i n 1 7 8 2 The la n d lord s name w as T homa s O ate s an d a servant girl peri s hed as well as h i s wife W RAGG : The old I r i s office w as at o n e ti m e the largest shop in the town and had the two large s t windows — rou n ded s o as to form the arc of a circle like a few that are s till to be seen with s mall panes u n supplanted a s yet by big s quares of plate glas s E VERARD Montgome ry s la s t apprentice Mr R obert L eade r has s p oken feeli n gly of the s hutter s which he had to put u p an d take down They were very many very heavy and had to be carried a considerable di s tance Whe n ,
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THE
12
HAR T S H EAD
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work in the o ffi ce closed at or 7 p m the u n fortunate appre n tice had to return to the place at 8 or 9 to p ut up the ” s hutters Tw rs s : A ppre n tices in n ewspaper offices have not to sub mit to s u ch ta s k s now WRAGG : B efore Mr G ale s s time this house w as the reside n ce of D r Buchan who w r ote there h i s celebrated work A t one time the book w as i n the ha n d s D omes t i c M edi c i n e of almo s t every o n e on both s ide s of the Atlantic wherever the E n gli s h lan g u age is s poke n T WISS : An other of Montgomery s appre n tice s year s ear He w as lier w as the elde s t s o n of the R ev G eo r ge Smith n amed M at t h e w m an after h i s maternal gra n dfather an d he becam e a partner of Mo n tgo m ery s He afterw ard s e n tered the E a s t I n dia Co m pany s ar m y and died i n India LEONARD I have heard M r Mo n tgomery s s an ctu m de o v er the o ffi ce s cribed as an u pper ro o m behi n d the shop coal place It had a m ost depre s s ing out look upon back premise s an d dingy walls and roofs The editor poet had a but h i s favo u rite wr iti n g s ta n ding o ffice de s k i n the room place was a rou n d table which s tood n ear the fir e A t the time my i n forman t be s t remembers the room Mo n tgomery was compili n g h i s collectio n of hymn s and the table w as c overed with the book s that he u s ed i n his work LE I G HT ON It h as often bee n told how the poet sometimes s erved cu s tomer s b u t it w as s imply an accidental or e x ce p My feeling toward s him whe n I w as se n t to t i o n al thi n g make a p u rcha s e was o n e of fear — h e was s o curt Then of co u rse I w as o n ly young an d so great a man co u ld n o t be expected to be civil to a boy LEONARD : N umbers of i n cident s con n ected with Mont g o m e ry s life might be mentio n ed b u t most of them would be such as have already been p u blished ; and I take it the great obj ect of our co n ver s ation s i s to gather together u h written folk lore WRAG G I suppo s e there s no great harm if one does tell a story twice over E VERARD : A t an y rate the subseque n t history of the G ales family which is s econd o n ly in i n tere s t to that of Montgomery himself h as not often been told an d I s hould suggest that Mr L eonard read it to u s LEONARD : I ve no obj ection whatever T hi s is it Whe n M r Joseph G ales printer bookseller auctioneer and editor of th e then popular S hefii eld R eg i s t er left the .
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TH E
14
H AR T S H EAD
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that had been e s tabli s hed in Wa s hington in 1 8 0 0 by the Sam u el H Smith pre viou s ly mentio n ed with the obj ect of maintai n in g a n e w s paper in the capital R ep u blican In poh tics which should yield to the A dmini s tration a vrg o r o u s 1 1 0 I n 8 uppo t G ale was made a partner and s In 1 8 09 r s he becam e sole proprietor of this j ourn al It lived unti l the year 1 8 6 9 whe n the N ew Yo r k E v en i ng Po s t n otici ng I t s death said — M r William W Seaton a brother i n law of Mr G ales and previou s ly editor of the Pe t er s bu rg R ep ubli can and No r t h C aro li n a R eg i s t er became associated with him in the enterprise in 1 8 1 2 The I n t e lli g en cer was a vigorou s supporter of the war with G reat Britain and enj oyed a high reputation as a public j o u rnal Messrs G ales an d Seaton used to do their own reporting of debates in Congress one always sitting i n the Senate and the other in t h e House of R epresentatives duri n g the session s Their R egister of D e bates is regarded as a standard source of A merica n history The to n e of the paper u n der their management was fir m moderate and cautious With a rearrangeme n t of parties the Na t i on al I n t e lli g en c er adhered to Mr Clay and was a Conservative Whig j o u r n al s o lo n g a s the Whig party had an existence The proprietors s tood high i n p u blic confide n ce and in 1 8 40 Mr Seaton was elected m ayor of Wa s hi n gton and held the office for twelve consecutiv e yea r s M r G ales died in 1 8 6 0 The s tyle of the I n t elli g en cer s editorial manag e ment deserves a mention There used to be o ften a sparse ness of leading articles s u cceeded at ntervals by the pro duc tion of a paper coveri n g a page or more always written with force and ability but at the same time rather too s olid for the general reader Into the cause of the death of t h e I n It was prosperous t elli g en cer we need not here inquire under the son of our old town s man Mr G ales who in the fr ee atmosphere of the N ew World followed o ut the career his father had beg u n here A fter he ceased his labours and went to his re s t the paper grew more and more out of har mo n y with the spirit of the ti m e s and paid the pe n alty that all n ewspapers so managed must pay— death In the autumn of 1 8 6 8 an old co n tributor to the I n t e lli g en ce r v i s ited Shef — n r u field and bei g cu io s as so many A merican s are — to see the place from which his former employer went forth visited the antique s hop in the Hartshead where G ales commenced and Montgomery continued the then da n gerous trade of editor and publi s her The poetic ni n e have long deserted the nar row alley Where flowers o f Parnassus once bloomed the ,
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G AL E S F AM I L Y
TH E
15
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v o ta r ie s o f Bacchus then revelled In s hort the building had been turn ed into a b ee r s h Op Joi n ers were removing the q u ai n tly carv ed door ca s e w ith the a n cient fan light to replace them with s o m e mo r e co n v e n ie n t s tructure in plain and vul gar deal The s tranger wa s horrified at the de s ecration an d i n quiring found t hat the old w ood was bei n g removed with H i s plea for mercy w as ad s ome l u mber for lighti n g fire s m i t t e d ; triumphant he carried o ff the old door case and o u t of it had con s tructed a number of boxe s o n e o f which i s placed i n the N ational Mu s eum at W a s hi n g t on s uitably i n scribed and bearing a photograph of the premi s es rendered s acred by the memory of G ale s and Montgomery Tw rs s It s hould be added that Montgomery s Hartshead s hop i s at the prese n t time not a b e e r s h o p but a grocer s The G ale s family lived at E cki n gto n for m any years ; the fir s t of the name of w hom there i s record Timothy wa s ap poi n ted pari s h clerk i n 1 7 0 7 H i s s o n Timothy married Sarah Clay o f E ckingto n i n 1 7 3 5 an d their eldest s o n Tho m a s w as the fathe r of Jo seph G ales of the Hart s head the prop r ieto r of the S hefii e ld R eg is t e r He wa s born Feb r u ary 4 1 76 1 I hav e he r e a copy of the in s cription on the tombstone o f the fa m ily i n E cki n gton church y ard .
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U n d e r th i s
S to n e L i e t h e R e m ai n s o f th r e e D au ght e r s o f TH O M A S an d S A RA H G A L E S , o f E c ki n gt o n , an d s i s t e r s o f J O S E P H G AL E S , w h o d i e d at R al e i gh , No r th C aro l i n a, U S , A u g u s t 2 4 , 1 8 41 , ag e d 8 0 y e ars E L I Z A B E TH G AL E S , D e p ar t e d th i s l i fe , F e b ru ar y 1 6 , 1 8 2 1 , A g e d 4 9 y e ar s F ar ew e ll , b e l o v e d, w e m ee t ag ai n A NN E G A L E S , D i e d J an u ar y 1 7 , 1 8 3 8 , ag e d 7 0 y e ar s J e s u s s ai th u n t o h er , I am t h e Re s u rr e c ti o n an d t h e L ife S A RA H G AL E s D i e d F e b ru ar y 1 8 1 8 5 7 , ag e d 8 4 y e ar s W i th th e s e s i s t e r s , t o g e th e r an d s e v e r ally , l i v e d f o r m o r e th an s ixty ye ar s (dy i n g i n t h e p re s e n c e o f t h e l as t n am e d , at S h e fli e ld, A p r i l 3 0 , J A M E S M O N TG O M E R Y , h rlan t h r o pi s t Th e C h r i s ti an P o e t , P at r i o t , an d P Re q u i es cat i n p ace .
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It w as i n the Hart s head and Wat s on s walk (so called fr o m Me s sr s VV at s o n s silver s mith s factory ) t hat the fir s t eati n g hou s e s were e s tabli s hed now there i s not one left LEONARD : Ye s I u n derstand the n ame of the proprietor of one of the cook shop s th ere w as Thor n hill He lived at ” a house down Harvest lane p opularly called T hen hole W RAGG
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16
H AR T S H EAD
TH E
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bec au s e the r e w as a traditi o n that poultry felo n iou s ly obtai n ed w as pu s hed through a hole into h i s cellar at n ight LE I G HT ON : A little below t o o i n Ha r t s head Matthia s — kept a ook hop the fir s t I believe in the s r D Am o ur tow n L E ONARD : D Am o u r s A utobiog raphy w as written for him by the late M r Paul R odger s if y ou will excu s e the bull w hich is not mine but thei r s It i s an i n tere s ti ng s tory of h i s ad ve n ture s as a ki n d of co n fide n tial s e r va n t to various ge n tleme n an d as v alet to the D u che s s of G ordon but the s t r ange s t p art of all is that he s hould s ettle dow n at la s t in the Ha r t s head i n She ffi eld as the keeper of an eatin g house an d poulterer s s hop LE I G HT ON : That i s accou n ted f o r by hi s w if e who had also been in the s e rvice of the D uche s s of G ordon havi ng o n n e ct i o n s in the neighbourhood LEONARD I n the course of the book we are not once told what w as her maiden n ame but her mother li v ed at IV o o d hall some ele ve n miles fro m She ffi eld an d S h e had a brother who s e na m e al s o i s omitted A t fir s t i n Chene y r o w D Am ou r s e t up a c anal boat an d co n v eyed coal fr om Whit tingtou an d N orwood collierie s to R etford ; b ut j ealo u s ie s He ca m e to She ffield on the v ery ari s i n g he s old h i s boat la s t day of the eighteen th c en t u r y bega n h i s eating ho u s e at 4 Market street did well the r e and i n fo u r y ear s r emo v ed to the Hart s he ad whe r e he re m ain ed until 1 8 2 6 whe n trade bei n g m u ch depre s s ed after the pa n ic o f 1 8 2 5 he an d h i s wife w illingly r e t ir ed fr om all kin d O f b u sine s s I n point of fact they seem to ha v e lo s t their m o n e y D Am o u r was a na t i v e of An twerp an d w as eight y s i x y ears of ag e when hi s life w as publi s hed He li v ed to the great age of n inety thr e e not dyi n g until 1 8 4 2 L E I o H T ON : I n t h e Hart s head s o m e s i x t v v e ar s a o t h e g late Mr Thomas Pear s on c ar ried on b u s ines s as a wi n e m e r cha n t an d there reali s ed a large fort u n e \YB AG G Z It i s s aid t hat on hi s la t e premise s t here ar e two cellars c u t out of t h e s olid rock o n e u n de r n e ath the o t her The y ar e n o w occ u pied b y Me s s r s J S an d T Bir k s g ro c er s an d win e dealer s LE I G HT ON The n t here w as T oil I t Vv all ( The Hole in t h e “RI D an d t h e hou s e now o c c u pied by Mr Allcr o f t wi t h e n t ran ce s both fro m Hart s head an d Wat s o n s walk w as kept b v Mr Sam Turner G i n S am as he w as called to di s t rn gu i s h h i m from Fl an n el S am the d i a per G in Sam .
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A CUR I O U S C ON F I R M A T I O N S T OR Y
18
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distance they had co m e in con s equence of having heard of his fondne s s for boxing and buoyed by the fond hope that he would not di s dain as a particular fav ou r to give them a di s play of his skill N othing co u ld please the old Ju s tice better With great u rba n ity he at once a s s e n ted the gloves were procured an d were used with a s cience that conv inced the vi s itors they had not taken their j ourney fruitles s ly ; an d in the end they left well pleased with the success of their mi s sion E VERARD : A good story which I will cap with another al s o appropriate to the locality and also with a clerical flavour A bout the middle of the la s t century there lived at Malin B ridge a worki n g man in humble circumstance s but who bore a good character among s t h i s neighbours for integrity and moral worth and who w as moreover a s tr ict Church He had a s o n named William who had attained to an m an age suitable to receive the rite of confirmatio n according to the ritual of the Ch u rch of E ngland and hi s father became very solicitou s that this matter should be attended to without O n a certain day the A rchbi s hop of an y u n n ece s sary delay York held a Confirmatio n service i n the Pari s h Church and this worthy man acco m panied his son to She ffi eld for the pur po s e o f attendi n g it From some misunde r s ta n ding as to the time it so happened that on their arrival at the O ld Church the Con firmation service was o v er and the A rchbi s hop clergy and co n gregation were dispersed What was to be done A man of ordi n a r y character would j u st have returned h o me B u t in s tead of doing so he a s certained that the A rch bi s hop had gone dow n to the hou s e Mr L eighto n has s poke n of i n Wat s on s walk an d thi t her the father and son followed him The servan ts refu s ed them access to the A rchbishop as he w as j u s t s itting down to dinner ; but happe n ing to o v erhear the altercation his lo r dship came to the top of the s tair s and a s ked what was the matter The father explained the circum s ta n ce s an d the A rchbi s hop after asking s ome q u e s tion s an d hearing you n g Willia m repeat the L ord s Prayer and the Creed co n firmed him o n the s tair head of the public house " The fathe r an d the boy we m ay well suppose trudged home highly gratified with the e nj oyment of so S pecial a privilege The s o n w as afterwards the gr andfather of a highly esteemed magi s tr ate recently decea s ed LEONARD : I do n o t see why you should hesitate to add that the boy s o co n firmed was the grandfather of the late Mr Tho ma s D un n He who had s hown so much determina a
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YO U NG PR E T END E R
TH E
19
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tio n to get the rite admini s tered to h i s son was the fir s t of — — the D u n n s the first al s o of the Thoma s D u nns re s ide n t in thi s n eighbo u rhood He had come from B oston about the year 1 7 3 0 to be appre n ticed to an ancestor of the late Col Fenton H i s Mali n B r i dge hou s e w as a neat sub s tantial It cottage with a poi n ted gable covered with a fruit tree w as s wept away alo n g with adj acent buildings by the great flood of 1 8 6 4 The s o n William D u n n the hero of the co n firmation story wa s as that s ufficie n tly shows brought up a Churchman ; b u t as he s ubseq u e n tly married a strict D i s s e n ter his son Thomas father of the late Mr D unn was educated as a holder of N o n co n formist tenet s and with hi s family he atte n ded Quee n St r eet Chapel for many years He was a s elf ta u ght m an of much n at u ral ability and h i s tastes are i n dicated by the fact that he w as the fi r s t p er s o n who lec t u r e d in Sheffield on electricity His wife w as a Holland the daughter of a re side n t at S h i re g r e e n S he was eight month s old in 1 7 4 5 whe n the Young Pretender an d h i s followers were marchi n g s outh ; an d as it was con fidently affirmed and i m p licitly believed that the rebels wo u ld impale every baby on their s word s s h e w as hid den in a holly bu s h The rebels are said to hav e bee n within a mile of her father s hou s e at that ti m e and e v ery man in the hamlet had gone out to fight LE I G HT ON The fighting may be problematical LEONARD : Ye s ; it i s po s s ible that curio s ity rather than v alour had taken the men away for we know as a matter of hi s tory what an unoppo sed march the rebel s had This story however remind s o n e of the tradition that on his retur n northwards Prince Charle s E dward vi s ited Sheffield and w as a guest of the Heatons in the Pickle I went into ” that q u estion o n ce (as Mr B r ooke in Middlemarch would say ) and I came to the conclusion that the evidence in sup port o f the story w as very feeble It consisted chiefly of dim remembrances of mysterious transactio n s handed down by old Mrs Heaton who w as a little gi r l i n 1 7 4 5 to her de s een da n ts an d the cherished belief o f the family that a h arps i chord a sword a wi ne glass and other articles wer e presents from t h e P r i n ce O n the other hand the known facts of the Young Pretender s progress and retreat lend no countenanc e whatever to the legend E VERARD : Mr L eighton has mention e d the Mechanics L ibrary and I think perhap s yo u may be interested in b ear i n g some account of an institution very popular and useful in its day that has been drawn up by one who was intimately .
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20
TH E ME GHANI C S
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L I B RAR Y
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associated with its managem e nt D o you care to hear it " ALL : M u ch Half a century has nearly elap sed E VERARD (reads ) : since the Mechanics L ibrary was fi r s t e s tabli s hed by re s olu tion s pa s s ed at a public m eeti n g held in the Town Hall on D ecember 2 7 t h 1 8 2 3 Most of the individuals who took a promi n e n t part in that meetin g have passed away i n cl u di n g Mo n tgomery the R ev D r S u tton Sir A rnold Knight Mr E dwar d Smith Mr As li n e Ward the R ev Thos Smith and others Fro m a small begin ning the in s tit u tio n went steadily for w ard advanci n g year by year in public e s teem and s trictly adherin g to its original i n te n tio n of the p u rchase an d circula tio n of books without allowi n g its fu n ds to be diverted to an y other obj ect In the cour se of thirty years it had accu m u lated volume s enrolled s i x hundred members an d had a wee k ly issue of six h u n dred book s O f the ge n eral charac ter of the s e works Mr Mo n tgomery who was from the first the president on a certain occasio n bore this testimo n y I o ff er it as my deliberate Opinion that there doe s not exi s t in this ki n gdom a public library of miscellaneous literature in which will be fou n d a smaller proportio n of Obj ectio n able vol u me s tha n in this of the She ffield Mechanics Without mean i n g the s mallest di s paragement to what i s called the G entle m en s L ibrary here the proportion of books not cal c u lat e d to be partic u larly profitable to th e reader or perma n en t ly e n hanci n g the v alue of the property it s elf i s f ar g r eater an d which difference he attributed to the large ad mi s s io n o f n ovels roma n ce s and plays By a certain clau s e i n the 2 4 t h rule of the Mechanic s L ibr ary novels an d play s were excluded A fter thi n g s had go n e on qu ietly for s ome years at le n gth the abrogation of thi s law became the subj ect of animated and even s tor m y de bate s at the annual meetings O n the one S ide the Re pe ale r s a s serted that to exclude so large a portion of the curre n t an d popular lite r at u re of the day w as incon s iste n t with the library being regarded as a public i n stitutio n and also with the fact of the act u al ad m i s sion of works of fiction at all ; an d that it w as u n fair to w a r d s tho s e me m ber s who po s se s s ed the ta s te for that ki n d of readi n g an d w as o ppo s ed to the entire spirit freedo m an d libe r ality of the age TO all this 0 11 the other ha n d the Con s tit u tio n ali s t s s to u tly mai n tained that the clau s e i n q u e s tion w as a fu n da m e n tal principle of th e institutio n and could not be r e pealed wi t ho u t .
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22
S E CRE T AR Y
I TS
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meeting in the old Town Hall on S aturday morning in Christm as week It w as an inauspicious ti m e but yet the room was crowded to excess I have now before me the na m es of those who addressed the meeting I was then a stripli n g bu t I was intensely i n terested in th e proceedings — — I stood for three hours for I could not get a seat to hear the addresses and none made a greater impre ssion upon me than a speech of the late R ev T Smith who was then at his best It had a gr eat in fluence on me at the time He beau t ifu lly depicted the bene fits such an in s titutio n might co n fer on the working men of She ffield and he me n tioned the case of a working man of his acquaintance who tho u gh spending forty years of his life in a cotton manufactory had mastered L ati n G reek and Hebrew was well versed i n mathematics and had considerable knowledge of medici n e This man had had a wife and seven children to maintai n by his own labour but no family in the town was more respectable no children were better fed clothed and educated and several of them were reading L atin G reek and Hebrew with their father This account of what a working man had done stimulated me to desire to do likewise and renewed my ardour in the studie s in which I was engaged Thus the i n stitu tion has imparted a bias to my life and character and no doubt it has done the s a m e thi n g for many others It was no s light privilege as secretary of this institutio n to enj oy intercou r s e with its late president Mr Montgo m ery I frequently s aw him an d received from him such kindness as was m o s t importa n t to a young man in the positio n I was called to The bene fits that have resulted from this library directly and indirectly have been great It has been the pioneer of some other i n s t i t u tions that have since flouri s hed The o ffice of secretary to which Mr Hebblethwaite was appointed and which he so long sati s factorily filled wa s not o n e of honorary di s ti n ction but re q uired much time thought and work These duties he di s charged with a pun e t u ali t y that seldom failed and w ith u n iform courtesy O ne of his chief qualities was that of aptitude in matters of busi ness In fact he may j ustly be said to have been a model secretary A ll that he advised and did bore a certain impress o f c le ar sightedness promptitude and despatch A t the com m i t t ee meetings (at which Montgomery as lo n g as he could attended ) there was scarcely ever a document w anting an account I ncompleted or minutes unentered or an y special b u s rn e s s that he had engaged to do unattend e d to A ll the ,
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L I B R ARI AN
I TS
23
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matters to be considered and determined were clearly and o r de rly arranged The discharge of the s e duties in v olved an amou n t of time and labour cheerfully devoted to them of which few can form an y adeq u ate conception There can be no q u e s tion that the in s titution was greatly indebted to his steady atte n tions and p erso n al infl u ence for the extent of its u s efulness an d the e s timation in which it was held by the p ublic B e s ide s h i s connection with the library Mr H e bble thwaite for not le s s tha n thirty years w as the teacher of a large an d efficie n t day school an d al s o for more than the same period the s upe r inte n de n t of a Su n day s chool so that it may be s afely affirmed that few m en — perhap s no man ever exerted a greater or more b ene ficial influe n ce on the mind s of the yo u th in thi s town Highly an d generally esteemed by the me m bers as well as by the re s t of the com mu n ity after a long cour s e of honorary s ervice Mr H eb ble thwaite retired a short time before the i n stitution wa s merged into the Free L ibrary O n the formation of the F r ee L ibrary it became quite evident that an i n s titutio n s u pported by a p u blic rate levied o n all hou s eholder s m u s t s e r io u s ly i nj ure an d e v e n tually de stroy o n e s ustai n ed by volu n tary s ub s cription S uch was the result The Mecha n ic s L ib r ary became absorbed i n to the Free L ibrary and now o n ly exi s ts as a pleasa n t memory of the past B ut as naturally ide n ti fied and lon g connected with that i n s titutio n we now proceed to notice the librarian Mr A lfr ed Smith w as as much a S he ffi eld n otability and in cer tai n re s pect s of a s i m ilar old fa s hio n ed type as the late Mr John Holla n d H i s fathe r w as a c u rrier f o r s ome time li ving in Q u een s treet but aft erwa r d s he re m o v ed to F i g Tree lane Mr Smith b r o u ght up h i s two s o n s A lfr ed and F r ederick to the bu s ine s s ; and I ha v e myself often s een A lfred with h i s apro n on and s hirt slee ve s t u r n ed u p abo v e the elbow s s ta n d That s hop w as a s to n e building ap i n g at the s hop door two ce n t u rie s old with a ren t l s mall leaded wi n dow pa n es p y a little abo v e Mr H ax w o rt h s s u rgery i n Fig Tree lane A lfred s father was a respectable an d s hrewd m an po s s e s s ing more than an ordinary S hare of i n formation an d well known to the public m en of that day He greatly ad m ired and w as i n ti m ately acq u ai n ted w ith Mo n tgomery and s tood by the poet o n one of the occa s io n s whe n he w as examined and committed to p r i s on by the m agi s t rates and went to fetch the p ersons who became hi s suretie s .
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24
ME CH AN IC S
TH E
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L I B RAR Y
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Mr Smith the father was a stan ch Li b er al i n politics and the old currier shop was a kin d of meeting place whe r e the mo s t activ e local politicians o f the time u s ed fr eque n tly to resort for the purpose of learnin g the news and disc u s s ing public a ffairs To that spot the late vicar D r S u tton u s ed to repair to obtai n information as to an y e v e n t that was e x ci t It mu s t be remembe r ed that at that i n g public i n tere s t tim e there were no daily pe n n y new s paper s or r ail w ay co n vey ance or tran smissio n of commu n ication s by telegraph You n g Alfr ed as he listened to these di s cus s ions w ith atte n tive ears imbibed those political views and prin an d eager i n terest c i ple s which i n a modified form he ever afterwards held and believed in He became in ea r ly life well know n to Mo n t gome ry an d ever entertai n ed for the poet a profoun d re s pect He often spoke of Mr Montgomery in such terms of high eulogy as seemed almost to a m oun t to a kind of idolatry For some time after the Mechanics L ibrary was fir s t establi s hed the wo r k of librarian was do n e by vol u ntary services Afterwards Mr Clegg was appoi n ted to that O ffi ce and on his resign ation Mr A lfr ed S m ith O n the o cca s ion of the election Montgome r y spoke of him in ve r y kindly an d favourable terms O n bei n g d u ly i n s talled i n to the office his manners of old fashioned politeness and e fforts to oblige soon won the good will an d e s tee m of the generality of the m e m bers With kindly feelings will man y of the m recall t o m e mory his pe r sonal appea r ance There was certai n ly some thing striking about i t i n cludi n g the bald head high forehead and lo n g pale and unwhiskered face His co u ntenance it will be remembered was n atu rally grave an d on ce r tai n spe c i al occa s io n s it was apt to as s u m e that stronger expre s sio n of gravity that approached very nearly to the stolid an d impassive But u n like this outward appearance he was of a very cheerfu l kind hearted and ge n ial dispositio n He had an extensive knowledge of books of a certai n kind an d his ordi nary conversation was ren dered i n terestin g by curious scrap s an d quai n t conceits His memory was very extraordi n ary an d i n deed was the chief faculty of his mental co n s titutio n He knew the greater part of H u dibras by heart an d could Montgome r y of course was a g rve citation s to any length very favourite author ; an d he often repeated pa s sages both from hi s publi s hed poem s and also from some others which I su s pect have escaped e v en the keen scrutini s ing search of the late Mr Holland In his you n ger days he had himself com posed a considerable amount of poetry which he could repeat .
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L I B RAR I AN
I TS
25
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to any extent B ut it was i n the doggerel s tyle and Hudi b ras t i c vein ; an d it i s ve r y do u btfu l whether he pos s e s sed the requi s ite lite r ary ta s te an d ability to hav e w ritte n a n ythi n g that would at all have stoo d the c r itical o r deal if p r i n ted in a volu m e N otwith s tandi n g s ome man ife s t i m pe r fection s he yet s ucceeded to a con s ide r able extent in gi v ing sati s factio n and it m ay be q u e s tio n ed whether a more cleve r b u s i n e s s man wo u ld on the whole hav e s er v ed the intere s t s of the lib r ary better than the good tempered h u morou s go s s ipi n g an d s omewhat ecce n tric libra r ia n He certai n ly h ad often to m anifest a great deal of patie n ce b u t on the othe r ha n d it is only fair to s ay he fr eque n tly req u i r e d a la r ge exerci s e of that said excelle n t q u ality towa r d s hi m s elf O n certai n occa sio n s whil s t he w as reciti n g poet ry or telli n g s o m e q u eer story might be s ee n more tha n half a doze n y o u n g s te r s wait ing for an exchange of book s who with eager look s were li s tening with delight to what he was s ayi n g ; whil s t amo n g s t them might be a m an who thought h i s time of some val u e who wo uld with s ign s of a n ge r an d impatie n ce remo n s trate again s t s u ch delay In s ta n tly the tale wo u ld be c u t s hort and the applicant s wi s he s attended to with m a n y apologie s and effort s to conciliate an d oblige O n the occa s io n of Montgomery s fu n eral with a large scarf around h i s hat A lfred Smith w as m o u n te d on the box be s ide the dri v er of the carriage i n which were the s ec r etary v ice preside n t and other O ffice r s of the Mecha n ic s L ib r a r y leadi n g up the p r oce s s io n A ll alo n g the r oa d li n ed with s pectator s he wa s quietly r ecog n i s ed an d thu s by m e r e acci de n t occ u pied a promine n t po s itio n i n payi n g h i s t r ibute of re s pect to the ve n erated poet S oo n afte r t hi s e v e n t h i s health bega n v i s ibly to fail an d he grad u ally s a n k i n to a debilitate d conditio n ; but s till n otwith s ta n din g all per s ua s io n s to the contrary he r e s olutely atte n ded to al m o s t the la s t day of h i s life at the library thu s fin i s hi n g his twe n ty fiv e year s o f faithfu l an d co n s cie n tio u s s er vice D uri n g that p eriod it w as the wr ite r s p ri vilege to e nj oy v e r y fr e que n t an d plea s a n t i n t e r c o u r s e an d al s o at the e n d to follow h i m to hi s gra v e an d see his mortal remai n s interr ed in the Pi t s m o o r Ch u rchya r d With hi s na m e the rememb r a n ce of the Sheffield Me cha n ic s L ib r a ry wi ll e v e r remain clo s ely a s s ociated —an i n s ti t u ti e n which m ay fairly claim to ha v e fu l filled i t s o r iginal de s ign for abo u t forty yea r s by fu rni s hi n g the mean s at little cost of reading valuable works on arts science literature .
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CAM P o
26
LANE
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and r e ligion which were adapted to improve the intellect an d ” to form and e s tablish the moral and religio u s character W RAG G : Thank you O ur fr iend L eighton has I see fallen asleep which is a reminder that we ought to be going [ E x en n t j home ,
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C H AP T E R CAM PO LANE ,
S cene— Th e
TH E
II
OLD G RAM M A R S C H OOL ,
am e Peri o d—Two days later Presen t— EVE RA RD WRAGG LE IGH TON s
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E I G H T ON
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When la s t we met we mentally repeopled Campo lane with its old i n habitants from the top of Paradise square to the bottom of the Hart s head and Wat s o n s walk Suppose we now go in the oppo site direction taking the L an e from V irgin s row to the To w n h e ad W RAGG : Ye s that part is full of interest tho ugh you modern s Mr L eonard will scarcely credit it LEONARD Well it is difficult to fin d much romance there now amid its dingy second ha n d clothes shops an d its squalid tenements The only thing of intere s t about it I remember is a ghost story connected with the dreadfu l row of s h e ps we come to first going from St James s row on the left that look as if they had s tarted life with great prete n s io n s b u t the force of adverse circumsta n ces has brought them to a worse plight than that of their older n eighbours The latter if poor have an air of decent poverty about them ; b u t these have nothing but a seedy look of decayed s n obbi s hn e s s T W IS S : Wh at you refer to was not really a gho s t story u t only a great hoax perpetrated by the aid of a magic :
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LEONAR D : At any rate a lot of people were well fright ened and one woman lo s t her life E VERARD : A t the corner of St Jame s s row an d Campo lane was a publ ic ho u se That part of the building which came to the front forming a li n e with the G irl s Charity School was I beli e v e a comparatively modern proj ection ,
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CAM PO LA N E
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built of brick and j oined to th e gable end of the old original hou s e which fr onted Campo lane The lower room of this ” new part was used a s a dram shop or ki n d of bar and the room over it was o ccupied a s a s tore room The public house proper was I think b u ilt O f s tone or if not at all events wi th v ery old looki n g bricks an d had small windows The chief entrance then wa s i n the very narrow p art of Ca m po lane I recollect that whe n a yo uth I went once or twice into this p ublic house and n oticed that the room in which we sat wa s very clean the floor well rubbed an d s a n ded the ceiling low and th e window s mall I do not remember what the S ign was or whether the old part of the house was thatched B ut it might have been so and certainly wa s old enough to have been so at some previ ous p eriod of its existe n ce LE I G HT ON : L et u s get on A mong the low and di lapi dated premi s es Opposite i s the cooper s s hop where Mr John Hall carried on the business of cooper which Mr E dward Hall has continued for so ma n y years At the corner of L ee croft on the east side now a broker s s hop i s a fine old buildi n g with i t s grand stai r ca s e It was s ixty years since occupied by a retired merchant a most re s pectable man M r Parkin O n the oppo s ite s ide of the la n e at the corner of St Jame s s hill w as his garde n I re m ember seeing goo seber ry bu s hes in it N ow it is occupied as a s ort of shed used for stori n g hor n s or something of the kind I sho u ld like to kn ow who changed St James s hi ll into V icar la n e and V irgin s walk i n to St Jame s s row Whoever he was he ought to hav e been whipped out of the town W RAGG The hou s e you speak of w as afterward s the fac tory of Mr Thoma s Harri s on who had previou s ly been burn t out of premises on the s ite of a portio n of the G as Works A t that time he w as I believe a dealer i n ho r n s and hard wood s but in Campo la n e where he was I dare s ay twenty year s he got up table kn ives He removed into Holly street He w as a worthy and honourable m an in all his deali n g s but I am sorry to add he never recovered from the sad disaster connected with his fir e Tw rs s The house at the corner of Camp o la n e and L e e croft now the Cup Inn i s an i n tere s ting old place W RAGG O ver the door it bears the date 1 7 2 6 and T T the initial s J B or perhap s I E LE I G H T ON : That w as the re s ide n ce of Mr I s aac Barnes one of the old school of manufactur e rs His workshop s were ,
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28
WAR M HE AR T H S T O NE
TH E
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j ust above He was universally respected a s an upright tradesman and an honest man LEONARD : The house was sub s equently the re s idence of his s o n Mr G eorge Barnes who carried on this one of the oldest cutlery trades in the town Ultimately howe v e r the b u siness was allowed to expire Mr G eorge B arn es built himself a residence at Ran m o o r and the Campo lane house then reverted to what it is suspected to have been at firs t .
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LE I GHT ON : Methinks I see old I s aac B arnes now walk ing up to his old friend to s m oke his pipe an d e nj oy ” his pi n t of strong ale at the Warm Hearth s to n e still as of old looking down the lan e Its then occupier and own er Whittington Souter bore a name renown ed i n the local an n als He was a good and charitable man an d highly respected by all E VERARD : When his cu s tomers called u pon him for his song he used to give these two lines ,
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Th er e w as a b ee an d it li ve d i n a w all I t j us t s aid h u m ” an d th at s all LE I G H T ON : E very S u nday forenoon he had a large piece ,
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of beef or mutton roa s ti n g and his near custo m ers were e n c o u r a e d to bring their q u arters of oatcake or slice of bread g to dip in the capacious dripping pan He brewed the be s t ale in the county a relative of mine being his maltster They both g e t rich and well they deserved it WRAGG : You only do j u s tice to Mr Souter s character He was not only an upright honourable man but a sincere Chri s tian He atte n ded G arden street Chapel u n der the mini s try of the R ev Mark D e ck er and whe n he died was its mortgagee I believe he had purchased it from the Method i s t s when they removed to Carver s treet He an d his family are buried i n the graveyard of Howard street Chapel LE I G HT ON : He had a room in which tradesmen met for friendly chat and they were served in silver pints W RAGG Behind the public house is a la r ge door and the yard is higher than the street Mr So u ter had a carter who had backed his cart toward s this door and was s tanding b e tween the cart and the wall below the door lifting s omethi n g e rt h e r i n to or out of the cart ; the horse moved backwards and so the carter was killed from the cart pre s si n g agai n s t h rm Some time after the horse being taken to Mr S ou ter s field n ear Mushroom Hall fell into an Old quarry and was killed Mr Souter was a kind and conside ,
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30
THE
GRAMM AR S C HOO L
O LD
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thirty years when he died in 1 8 0 9 Mr Chadwick was al s o vicar of Tin s ley and it i s he who is said to have gi ven the magi s trates so de s erv ed a rebuke when co m ing out fr om their d u ties in the old C u tler s Hall o n e day they were str u ck with the horse on which he was j u st passi n g Here s M r Chad ” wick said o n e riding a fin e blood horse while his Master was co n tented with an as s Your worship said the rider to the speaker forgets that a sse s are scarcer now How so a s ked the magi s trate G overnment get s all it can to ” make j u s tices of reto rted Mr Chadwick ; an d no doubt he rode on his way with the complace n cy of a man who has had his re venge The story is told i n Wilson s edition of Mather LE ONARD : The G ra m mar School was a low buildi n g with high pitched roof lead fr amed windows an d a porch Its shap e w as a capital L the mai n part running from east to west fac ing near ly southward but bei n g much below the s treet This part w as occupied by the clas s es under the fir s t an d second ma s ters The minor part of the b u ildi n g ran from the west end no r thward and w as la r ge enough for o n e long table at which perhaps twenty boys could sit o n each s ide under the care of the writin g master The floor w as of stone The furniture of the s chool con s i s ted of low oak benches three to each class formi n g three s ide s of a s q u are with a s t e e l for the pr aepositu s Twrs s Before that the boys seats were more like stalls or the seats i n cathedral choirs and agai n s t the walls was a high wain s cotin g of dark oak pa n elled There w as a second row of stalls w ith narrow desks before the m and i n front a broad way up the centre of the school from end to e n d The head master s seat placed in the centre of the ea s t e n d w as compo s ed of two mas s ive oak sides upwards of seven feet high and at least six inches thick and terminating in Fleurs de lys cut out of the solid The boys stalls ran up to this seat on either hand A t the other end the secon d master s desk among the j unior boys was the exact counter part o f this ; and on the left of the j unior school was the proj ecting space towards the croft where were the writing de s ks over which O ld Jacky — as the venerable m at h em a t i ci an John E adon was disrespectfully called — presided every morning from eight o clock to nine b efore the classical work of the day began The front door leading out into the yard was in the centre of one of the sides of the building LEONARD : The school w as i n diff erently lighted and owed I t s warming to one large fire place in the main building .
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THE
GRA MM AR S C HOOL
OL D
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and another in the w riting master s domain The head m aster s hou s e was at the we s t end of the bu i lding facing the st r eet It w as roomy but dilapidated ; and in the later yea r s of the o ld s chool w as u n occupied The school buildin g s tood as much below the level of the street on one s ide as the Baptist Chapel stands abo v e it on the other the builders of the s chool havi n g appare n tly du g its site out of the naturally steep hill s ide at the head of the S chool croft which sloped down the hill behind it to Tenter street Tw rs s : A mong the boy s who attended the school from 1 8 0 8 to 1 8 1 2 were the follo w ing who have passed away John Staniforth solicitor and clerk to the T own Trustees ; Frank Fe n to n s olicitor L o n don (he obtained a celebrity in defendi n g John Th u r t e ll who was execute d for the murder of Weare near St A lba n s ) L uke Palfreyman solicitor of con s iderable practice an d for ma n y years of great influence Francis Hoole solicitor Mayor 1 8 5 3 Town Trustee ; E B Tattershall solicitor L o n do n ; John D ixon solicitor Shef field Broomhead Ward M A b en e fic e d clergyman in Wiltshire ; Charle s B ro w n i ll J P West R iding merchant L i v e r pool ; Samuel Mitchell m erchant Sheffield a distin i u aria n ; R obert N aylor u s h e d antiq accidentally killed at g R o che Abbey merchant ; John Fenton captain E a s t India S ervi ce brother to F Fe n ton and son of Colonel Fenton ; R ichard O gle nephew to R Blakelock E sq died at D eme rara ; John Harwood M D died in S h efli e ld ; John Stern dale M D died in E a s t I n dia Ser v ice ; S amuel Staniforth brother of John Stanifo r th died in Paris John Ward mer chan t She ffi eld ; Jo s eph O ake s builder of Washin gton Works Sheffield There are livin g at the present time A lbert Smith solicitor and magistrate s clerk Samuel R oberts J P We s t R iding Town Trustee ; Charles A tkin J P West R idi n g Mayor 1 8 5 8 Master Cutler 1 8 64 ; so n James Tillot s o n J P West R iding Thomas James Parker solicitor She ffi eld ; L ewi s O Sayles late A ssize Master L ea m i n gto n ; R obert Younge Church Burgess wine mer chant ; Be nj amin V ickers mercha n t Sh e fli e ld ; Charles R ad ford M A late Fellow of B raz en n o s e College now living at B ath ; William V icker s merchant first chair man and prin c i pal promoter of She ffi eld an d R otherham R ailway O ne of these survivors has said how well he remembers the tall figure o f the Rev Charles Chadwi ck who held sway up to his death in the year 1 8 0 9 entering the school from the centre door with his clerical three corn e red cock e d hat an d .
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32
TH E
OLD
GRAM MAR S C H OO L
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walking with stately step to the cushioned throne whence I n all the maj esty of might and right he look ed around with s crutini s ing eye for some delinquent ,
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on whom he contemplated bestowing his favourite custard that lay on the broad table before him with these memorable ” words deeply cut in the wood I forgot it so frequently impressed with biting e ffect on the open ha n d of many an u n lucky o ff e n der O ver his chair were the emblems of scho la s tic pu n i s hme n t— the rod the can e the ferrule with cus tard at the end — most artistically painted with some me m o rable L atin lines The seco n d master the same O ld B oy goes on to say was named Wheatcroft we generally called him ” L ittle Widdy a man of very small s tature but of great conceit D uring the ti m e that intervened between the death of Mr Chadwick an d the appoi n tment of the R ev Joseph Wilson he transferred the s chool to the hou s e occupied by the late master The s chool had got very small and u nder his manageme n t it gr ew bea u tifu lly less We had s carcely twenty boys when the R ev J Wil s on came into re s idence Mr Wil s on was a m an of s tro n g min d an d determi n ed cha r ac t e r being an excellent classical scholar who had taken a high degree at h i s college U n der h i s sy s tem an d method of teaching the school soon recovered the ground it had lost an d ere twelve months had pa s sed had i n creased to more — than eighty boys a s u fficient number to claim and maintain the supremacy over every other school i n the town both me n tally and phy s ically to which the numerous battle s we fought duri n g the s nowballi n g season can testify It was the practice i n tho se days to settle the disputes a s to supremacy in that practical manner Mr W Wright was about that time appoi n ted our writing master after t h e decease of Mr E ado n whose pupil and as s i s tant he had bee n Between him an d M r Wilson a very fr iendly feeling aro s e which mat u red to the very ser vi ce ab le but un u sual extent of the head m aster givi n g Mr Wright i n s t r uction in cla ssical k n owledge which enabled him to fill to the satisfactio n of all partie s the appoi n tment o f secon d clas s ical ma s te r which he afte r wa r d s obtain ed o n the n ext vacancy in 1 8 2 1 or 1 8 22 Mr Wilson although a man above the ordinary s tature and firm in manner w as n ot really so powerful as he looked s i n ce he w as incapacitated ,
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TH E
G RA M MAR S C H O O L
OL D
33
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from taking active exercise by having either from accident or some other cause had his left leg taken off below the knee and a cork li in b s ub s tituted I believe he w as the last person in Sheffield who used a sedan chair in v isiting his friend s Thi s w as Obtained from the O ld A s s embly R ooms and had formerly been u s ed by ladies only A t that perio d no hackney coach or cab was in existence A mong the f e w carriages kept in the town and immediate neighbourhood was one at G oddard Hall by Philip S m i lt er E s q an old C at h o lic gentleman who vi s ited the town occa s ionally in a quaint old chai s e drawn by two light brown heavy Flemish bred hors e s with lon g manes and tails Their sp eed w as between a j og trot and a walk His po s tilion in red with bell button bucks k ins and top boots black vel vet cap an d lo n g straight whip the harne s s with breast collar and large s qua r e plated buckles completed thi s unique set out The venerable man w as a picture of the old squire in the costume of the early period of G eorge III s o g r aphically delineated by Hogarth and other pai n ter s o f h i s day Poor Mr Wil s on had a s ad O n e morning i n 1 8 1 8 Mr Wright was hastily s u m en d m e ned from the school to the head ma s ter s hou s e and on entering the library found the unfortunate gentleman lying face downward on h i s s ecretaire graspi n g a p i s tol j ust di s charged That terminated h i s life an d po s ition as head ma s ter of the Sheffield G ramm ar School The R ev W ” White succeeded him LE ONARD : A t thi s poi n t it is better that another former G rammar S chool boy o f s omewhat later date than he whom you ha v e been quoti n g s hould take up the narrative In 1 8 2 1 the Rev Willia m White who had been elected in 1 8 1 8 was head ma s ter the Rev G Harrison second ma s ter and Mr William Wright writing ma s ter ; but he succeeded Mr Harri s o n in 1 8 22 and was him self succeeded in the writi n g departme n t by Mr William Kirk Thi s s chool as it w as at that day is e s pecially i n t e r e s t i n g now from the well known men of later day s who were then among the s cholar s Indisp utably the fir s t boy in the first or highest class was Thomas G oodison who be came an attorney and practised in a very quiet way in G eorge H i s sig n al abilities as a boy never developed them s treet A mong his clas s fellows was the s elves i n his after career late Wilson O ve r e n d a fin e youth of great abilities and high spirit but so m ewh at volatile who became eminent as a su r geon and was an important public man in the town ,
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34
GRA MMAR SCHOOL
THE OLD
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Wm Pashley Miln e r now of M eer sbro ok was anoth e r of this class ; as was also R obert C Mather who has p assed man y years of his life as a missionary in India In the second class at the same time was William Over en d now Q C who at over sixty years of age retains much of the countenance of his boyhood In the same class was Kay F enton youngest son of Colonel Fenton of Woodhill on the G rimesthorp e r e ad our first superintendent of police under the A ct of The Colonel held o ffi ce till his death when he was 1818 succeeded by Mr Thomas R aynor who was our first chief constable and the immediate predecessor of Mr John Jack son Urban Smith the young e st brother o f Mr A lbert Smith and now the vicar of Stoney Middleton where he has passed a quiet life in the discharge of the uno stentatious duties of a country clergyman was in the second class S o also were A stley Foulds son of Mr Samuel Foulds surgeon Change alley and himself the father of a nother g e neration of surgeons N athaniel R Philipps of Broomhall now recorder of Pontefract ; and E dward Hoyland the elder son of a not able Quaker chemist whose S hop was next the Cutler s Hall William B ell Mackenzie lately deceased for many years a highly popular clergyman at Holloway L ondon was a G ram mar School boy with some of the above but had left the school shortly before the period we speak of The first and second classes were under the especial charge of the head master ; but in his division of the school was also a j unior class over which the boys of the first and second classes were set as pr aepo s i t i (An g li ce monitors ) Here were Samuel E ad e n now D r E ado n the gr e at nephew of the fin e old ma t h em at i ci an who two gen e rations before was master of the F ree Writing School and teacher of writing arithmetic & c in the G rammar School A mong his class mates were John Crosland Milner now of Thurlstone J P brother of Mr W P Miln e r before mentioned ; R obert L eader who has been connected w ith She ffield j ournalism for nearly fifty years ; Thomas Hewitt who achieved an unhappy notoriety and died in his prime R obert S t e pf o r d Taylor surgeon recently de ceased These names will show that the G rammar School of those days contained a group of boys destined to be well known in their man hood Mr White t h e head master i s worth pre s erving in one s memory He was a little lightly made bri s k man quick an d energetic in all his movements with a ste rn face pitted by the small pox and with a sono rous and awful voice never so t e rrible as i n his sarcastic ,
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TH E
GRA MM AR S C H O O L
OLD
35
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moods The exactest p unctuality was his rule In the fir s t portion of his ma s ter s hip Mr White had acquired a name for great severity in his punishments ; but on one occasion he so much over s tepped the mark that there w as a row and the result was that at the time we s p eak of h i s cane was almo s t disused though he was none the le s s formidable on that account Four or five boys who came from At t er cli fie an d generally arrived in a group had fallen i n to the habit at o n e time of bei n g rather late Here come the At t e r cli ffi an s was their sarcastic greeting from the head master one morning and the delinquent s were cured We never knew him to give to an y one the s lighte s t mark of familiarity but s e v ere an d unbending a s he was th e boys had a s ort of love for him as was shown by the familiar name they had given to him D addy White N ow an d then he would s ummon a j u n ior cla s s before him for a s harp v i va v o c e exami n ation and the s e occasio n s were very plea s ant to boys who had do n e their work well The riddling of the brain s of a class by the D addy was a capital te s t of quality an d it wa s fun to see how a big h ulking fellow who ordi n arily kept an u n fairly high place would go tumbling do w n in s tupid amaz ement while others went above him An d here it may be worth while to place on record the s ort of ed u cation give n in the s chool It was nar E xcepti n g an hour a day under the writ r o w but thorough ing master the cla s s es goi n g to him by turns L atin and G reek ab s orbed all the ti m e of the higher cla s ses and L atin only that of the lower E ach lesson was repeated and written on slates i n class Ince s sant repetition was the order of the day till a boy kn ew all the declension s an d co nj ugations regular and irregular an d all the rules of syntax with their examples as perfectly as hi s A B C It was terrible drudgery for a time but many a young mi n d which had revolted at it a s kin g why he was to S p end all his day s over a dead language at la s t learned to like the sense of power and mastery it gave him when he looked on a page and there was not a word he did not know in all its part s all i t s relation s and its shades of meaning This system did not give boys much k n ow ledge but it gave mental tools and taught a style of u s ing them for which many an one has honoured the memory of his old m a s ter and his old school In these days when so much i s said of the imperative neces s ity of leaveni n g all teaching with religion we may recall what was then the practice in a school of which the vicar an d the church burgesse s are the governors and a clergyman was the head master The only .
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86
F R EE W R I T ING SC H OOL
THE
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religiou s book in t h e school was a Prayer book which lay on the head master s desk From it he read three or four brief prayers at the openin g of school in the morning and then the religiou s teaching of the day w as done Mr W rrg h t whom we knew both as wr iti n g an d second master was a remarkable self made man He had bee n bro u ght up in humble circum sta n ce s to one of the Sheffield trades ; but by indomitable and very s t u dy he attai n ed to proficie n cy in mathe m atic s re s pectable cl as s ical learn ing About 1 8 2 3 h e gave up his o ffice in the G ram mar School and opened a school on his own account in a yard in Bank street where the office of Mr A few S m ilt e r high bailiff of the County Court now is years later he built Howard Hill (afterwards purchased for the R oman Catholic R eformatory for G irls ) and there he con ducted a successful school to the end of his life H e was a rather heavy ungainly m an with a hot temper and weighty arm but of genial disposition and kindly heart Many Shef field men have an honourable niche for the memory of Wil liam Wright I like that it shows your head is at work ; this i s a s ample of the encouraging remarks he would address to a boy who showed an inclination to understand the reason ” of thing s E VERARD : Th e Free Writing School down S chool croft only t akes us a little out of our way and should be mentioned here not only as a kindred subj ect but because he who was i t s head master for so many years — M r John E ado n — also taught writin g daily in the G rammar School The art of writing was in tho s e days an accompli s hment and not th e every day commodity of the present time Tw rs s I possess and prize very highly an old ex c r oise book written by G r ammar S chool boys of the earlier half of the last century We sometimes hear writing de scribed as being like copper plate but it i s literally true o f thi s beautiful caligraphy The exercise s con sist of L atin verse s and are headed M u s ae S h e ffie ldi en s e s 1 7 3 7 The names of the writers may be interesting to you First comes ” G eo Steer afterwards a mercer in the town who is buried in St Paul s Church n e ar the communion rails Thomas ” ” You n ge or as he variou s ly spell s his name Young was in the school 1 7 3 7 3 9 He was born in 1 7 2 1 and after leav n g the G rammar School took h i s M A at Cambridge and then went to study medicine at E dinburgh where he took h i s medical degree in 1 7 5 2 He returned to Sheffield where he practised as a physician until his sudd e n death in 1 7 8 4 -
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38
TH E
F R E E W R I T I N G S C H O OL
.
John E ado n who lived and died on his own freehold at Bo ston in L incolnshire In those days the road from She ffi eld to E ccle s field was infested by thieves E very night robberies were committed and on that part called She ffield lane after a certa i n hour no p erson escaped scot fr ee Strange to say none of these brothers were ever stopped Thi s Matthias courted attacks for he came home at all ho u r s of the night for the very pur po s e but in vain This was to him a my s tery as people were robbed half an hour before an d an ho u r after he had pas s ed alo n g Having howe v er a law sui t at York the riddle was sol v ed He there was told by o n e of the robbers who had been taken that they dare not attack him and they u s ed to say Here come s Matt Ayton ; we m u s t let him pass or he will thrash us all together Bei n g tall an d powerfu l and with the spirit of a lion these m e n acted wisely in making di s cretion the better part of valour The s e five brothers it s eems followed the occupation mentioned for some years till circumstances broke in upon the even tenor of their way B ei n g an out door employ me n t the weather would ofte n i n terfere and prevent them fr om going on with their work O n one occasion the rain was so heavy that there bein g no likelihood of its abatin g that day the father and s o n s took s helter in a neighbourin g i n n ; others had done the same and the room w as fu ll Whil s t drinkin g the n u t brown ale many were the topic s of con ver s atio n So m e talked about them s elves others about their children — how clev er Su s an w as and what a sharp chap Tommy w as ; an d as for B ill the vi llage schoolma s ter had never had his like E v e ry man appeared to have a cle v er lad in s ome way or other ; but old Ayton (E den now E ado n ) heard all thi s with a s orrowful heart and at le n gth breaki n g s ilence he said See p o intin g his fin ger there is a thick head that lad of m in e i s ni n eteen year s of age an d he doe s n o t know A fro m B This w as e n ough The shame of being exposed i n a public co m pany an d by his father too rai s ed the pride and kindled a s park in that you n g man s brea s t Which never we n t out till the spirit left the body Whil s t he sat in that room abashed amid h i s compeers he determined that he would k n ow not only A from B but some thing m ore He began next day bo u ght a p enny primer foun d out an old wo m an who knew the letters — the s e he soon — s ma tered made out little words and soon he laid the foun — dation of all knowl e dge the acquirement of the art o f read ,
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TH E
R
A DON F A M I L Y
39
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ing He found some one to assi s t him in writi n g and arith metic ; and in this way his leisure time was s pe n t till he began to think he knew m ore than most p eople about him A t this j u n cture the ma s ter s hip of the Free Writi n g School became vacant He offered him s elf an d was elected and held the po s t till his death From the time of h i s pub li s h i n g the A rith m etician s G uide in 1 7 5 6 to his death in 1 8 1 0 would make his t u tor s hip of that school fifty years at lea s t It i s evident from that there mu s t ha v e bee n nat u ral quickn e s s o f intellect an d g r eat aptit u de in John E ado n in lea r ning whateve r came before him It is s aid that whe n he went to lear n w r itin g he imitated the copies so well that the ma s ter said he mu s t hav e come to m ake f u n of him as he could copy them better than he co u ld him s elf A nother s to ry recorded of him i s that o n one occasio n when he w as attendi n g at the G ra m mar S chool in p erform ance of his dutie s as writi n g master a boy w as brought up for pu n i s hment befo r e the r e v pri n cipal (Mr Chad w ick ) for havi n g broken a pane Well s i r said the m a s ter I u n de r s t an d you have broken a pa n e N o I hav e not s i r ; I only cracked it Well roared out the re v eren d divi n e what s the di ff erence between cracki n g a commandment an d breaki n g it G o to your s eat s i r and n either crack a pa n e Th e time the place the to n e the nor a commandment manner an d the s ile n ce O f all prese n t made s uch an impres sion o n the mind of old John E ado n that for a quarter of a ce n tu ry he w as in the habit of telling the s to ry of the lad and the pa n e with great glee and gu s to He married Ha n nah S m ith of Ta n ke r s ley and had by her three children two s o n s and a da u ghter H i s daughter Mary married Mr Jo s eph B ailey one of the fir s t me r chan t s in Sheffield who traded with A merica and the late Sa m uel Bailey wa s thei r you n gest child H i s s o n s were John an d G eorge John was a part n er in the firm of B ailey an d E ado n and became the father of Mr Tho m as B r ow n ell E ado n of Wester n Bank G eorge died u n mar r ied in the house at the corner of N orfolk street an d Charles s treet now used as a T urk i s h bath B e s ides the two brothers John an d Matthias of whom we have spoke n there were Mose s and William F r om Wil liam sprin g the E ad e n s of A ttercli ffe and the late Mr G eorge E ado n the carver and gilde r an d his son s the auctio n eers The spelling of the name was altered from E den into E ad e n .
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40
TH E
F REE W R I T I N G SC H O O L
about one hundred years ago by John ,
m at i c i an
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E ado n ,
the math e
” .
WRAGG
teresti ng account of a remarkable man E ccle s field was also the birthplace of Jo seph Hunter the historian of Hallam s hire and G reno s ide in the sa m e pari s h was the birth place of the Walkers of R otherham In fact many disting u i s hed m e n ha v e co m e from out o f the way places — as Chan t rey from N orton an d G eorge Wilson of the Anti Corn L aw L eag u e from Hather s age Some p eople would not think such villages likely to foster genius T W IS S : John E ado n s b r other William lived at A tter cli ff e and was a j oiner and lath r iv er A very Old gentleman is still li ving who reme m ber s him and who has said He and my father were very fr ie n dly an d had many an argum ent for they were both fo n d of it an d were what was then co n s i dered scholars William E ad e n worked for my father an d often came to our hou s e in D erby s hire lane Smithy Wood William an d while the wo r k of enlargi n g Mr w as near Shore s ho u se at Tapto n G rove w as goi n g o n — i t had been erected by a person named B adger as a speculatio n and when Mr Shore bought it he made considerable additions ; Mr E dward V ickers afterwards rebuilt the ho u s e — some trees were felled i n that wood My father was anxious to buy o n e partic u larly fin e oak f o r the lau n dry over the stable at Tapto n had to be laid with a plaster floor an d he wanted some good oak lath s to lay it on There were several people after this tree and to decide the rivalry it w as arranged that the o n e who could get first to the tree from a p articular part of the wood should be the p ur chaser My father kn e w the gro u nd well and laid hi s plan s When the sig n al to be o ff his competitors pl u nged into the brushwood w as given while he slipped over a wall into a field ran quickly down Oppo s ite to where the tree s tood an d was back in the wood sta n ding by the tru n k while h i s rivals were strugglin g and sc r atchi n g themselves a m ong the brambles He got the tree and William E ado n rove it i n to laths and tho se laths were laid down u n der the laundry floor at Tapton LE I G HT ON : The site of the old Free Writing S chool is now occ u pied by a modern an d sub s tantially built s ucce s sor erected in 1 8 2 7 the old building which had stood for 1 0 6 years havi n g falle n into decay Mr Worth was the archi t e ct The yard or pl ay gr ound is however the same though of le s s size than formerly There used to b e — for we ar e s peaking of th e time when th e stre e t call e d School croft was :
A most
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T R I PP E T LAN E
CRO F T
AND RE D
41
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really a green field— a communication between the yards of the two schools Job Cawood was the master in the days when I attended the Free Writing S chool I think he must have be e n Mr John E ado n s successor LE ONARD : The late Mr Samuel Bailey wa s a pupil at this school It is said that e v en in those days there were observ able in him all the element s of the after man — reserve reticence and pride He was not like any other boy The pranks of lads had no charm for him What would excite the merry giggle in others was looked down upon with silent indi fference by him He u s ed to amuse him s elf in the play hours in ridi n g o n the back of a s choolfellow called W i lg o u s who wa s alway s ready to play the horse for the boy philo s opher W RAGG : Several very old houses formerly stood about here s ome on the site of the Bapti s t Chap el and other s were pulled down a year or two before the T emperance Hall was built O ne of them bore a date early in the last centu r y an d had a proj ecting window with a secon d window at the s ide somewhat le s s than the former A p er s on looking through the latter could s e e the s tep s below in To w n h e ad s treet I S hould not be s urprised to learn that this was the first s hop in the town having two windows A t the corner of Blind lane and Trippet lane was the s hop of Mr B rady a respect able draper whose daughter s member s o f the Society of Friends will be remembered by you all Trippet lane a s its width indicate s i s greatly altered from the old days Facing you above the end of B lind la n e used to be R ed croft a cu l de s e e with dwellin g s all ro u n d it The ” B rown Cow and all the other hou s e s on the left up to Mr R eynolds mortar m ill were in R ed croft LEONARD : I n G o s ling s pla n R ed croft s tands between a la n e running on either side — the one following the cour s e of the present street (then called R ed la n e ) the other app a ” twi tchell We s t Ba n k r e n t ly bei n g that narrow but ancient lane by which you can get up into We s t s treet E VERARD The s treet from the top of B ailey field nearly to the e n d of B lind la n e was so n arro w that t w o carts could not pass but like a s ingle li n e rail w ay one of them had to wait until the other had co m e thro u gh He n ce this part o f ” the way commonly went by th e name of the N arrow lane LE I G HT ON : In Pinfold s treet there are yet remaining a few of the old cottage house s O f s uch I suppose the streets us e d mainly to consist .
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42
TH E
TOWNH E AD
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L E ON AR D : Yes ; when one looks at them it is impossible to help feeling that interesting as are the rem i n i scences I n which we are indulgin g and tempted as we so meti mes feel to long for power to sweep away i n novation s it is j u s t as well that we can t Such houses S how us to be far better o ff a s we are The origin al water house of the Water Compa n y Tw rs s is still standing at the sharp a n gle bet w een Pi n fold s treet It has j u s t co m e i n to the posse s s ion of an d Campo lane the Town Trustees and will doubtless s oo n be sacrificed on the al t ar of street i m p r oveme n ts A comparison of this with the presen t han d s ome premise s of the Company in Barker Pool exhibits very strikingly the co n tra s t betwee n the old order of things and the new LE I G HT ON I n the a n g u lar space at the t Op of To w n h e ad street formed by the meeti n g of Church str eet B ow s treet Pinfold street and To w n h e ad street stoo d formerly the — I doubt i t n u a N o n e of s c remember To w n h e ad cross w hether any of us k n ow when it di s appeared or whither it we n t but that is no reaso n for passing it by without notice T W I SS : The premises at the top of To w n h e ad street now occupied by Mr Jackso n po r k butcher have a history Here resided more than a centu ry ago Mr M at t h e w m an who was one of the origin ators of the Water Company In 1 7 44 he and Mr Battie succeeded to the powers gra n ted in 1 7 1 3 to Messrs G oodwin and L ittlewood by the L ord of the Manor an d constructed the fir s t works at Crookes moor He was the maternal grandfather of Mr A lbert Smith E VERARD : This house was occupied for some years by Mr Moorhouse surgeo n who got killed by a fall from his horse O n his decease Mr Ja m es R ay who had served his time with him purchased the busi n ess of the widow ; and after livi n g and carryin g on his profession on the premise s for a con s iderable period he bu ilt and removed to the house in V ictoria street G lossop road A t the time it wa s gene rally thought he was going too far out into the country Mr R ay was a tall and noble looking man more especially when on horseback WRAGG Then Mr John Turton practised here as a sur geon and his son G eorge also The latter died in this hou s e They had both been cutlers in the employment of the Spurrs in the neighbouri n g factory in Church street the house which looks up Pinfold street In Surrey street Chapel is a mural tablet to the memory of the lat e Mr ,
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THE M I T C HE LL S AND B RI GH TM ORE S
Ge orge Turton
43
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In the house looking up B ow street was Mr James Wild He was a presser A more feeli n g honourable and upright man there never was ; but I am sorry to say he was not so successful in business as s o me of h i s neighbours L ater in life he was a dealer in horns in White croft N ear here too was Mr R obert B ri g h t m o re the maternal uncle of the late Mr Samuel Mitchell He had a large cutlery busi n ess an d was a merchant in the country trade A portio n of his bu s i n ess premises was cut through to make B ow s treet when G lo s sop road w as con structed He built the large brick house on B rookhill now surrounded by hou s es p art of which w as the re s ide n ce of the late A lderma n S aunder s The father of Mr S Mitchell married the si s ter of M r R obe r t B ri g h t m o r e ; and there was to hav e been a do u ble marriage of M r B ri g h t m o r e to Miss Mitchell but it never came Off Mr Mitchell lived i n the old hou s e some of you may remember ju s t abo v e Mr B ri g h t m o r e s on B rookhill where B ri g h t m o r e str eet now is then a garden walk There was a large weepi n g willow in front of the hou s e with a watch box u n derneath where watchmen retired for s helter on stormy n ights LEONARD : Mo s t of the s treets that have been made around are called by the names of the Mitchell an d Bright more familie s — Mitchell street B ri g h t m o r e s treet R obert street S arah street B ol s o v er s treet and so on with the beautiful E VE RARD : The house the ga r de n willow tree at the cor n er an d the e n tra n ce gate were obj ect s with which I w as familiar from childhood an d will e ver live as an interesting picture in my memory The per s o n al appearance an d deportm ent of M r s Mitchell alway s str uck ” me as a ff ording the best idea of a lady of q u ality of the la s t cent u ry of an y per s on I reme m ber to have s ee n She u s u ally wore a black silk or satin gown a white s tomacher with an abu n da n ce of frills and a rema rkable turba n cap or head dre s s which seemed to i n dicate somewhat of an O rie n tal ta s te O n a hot summer s day s h e might often be see n sit ti n g i n a latticed alco v e partly scree n ed by climbi n g plant s This was the g r a n dmother an d flowers k n itti n g or readi n g of the present Mr Mitchell Wither s His grandfather w as a s tout good lookin g m an ; an d h i s father M r B r i gh t m o re Mitchell was a schoolfellow of mi n e G ro s venor terrace now fill s the site then occupied by the O ld house and garde n LE I G HT ON (risi n g ) .
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An d s o w ith o u t m o r e c i r cu m s t an c e at all, I h o ld it fi t th at w e s h ak e h an d s an d p ar t ,
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[ E x eu n t
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C H AP T E R S TRE E T AND
C H U RC H
S cen e
a nd
Ti me—After
Prese t—WR A G G n
RAG G
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OL D CU TL E R s
per at Mr LE IG H TO N
HALL
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E VE RARD
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an d
EVE RARD ,
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S TRE E T ,
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s up
Tw I s s ,
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OL D CH U RC H , — S T J AM E S
THE
TH E
III
LE ONARD
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Suppo se from this hospitable board we get back to Church street " LEONARD :
l an e t h at p o o r n arro w pl ace With w o o d b u ildi n g s p r o j e c tin g ; t w as q u it e a d i s gr ace Th e ro o f s n e ar ly m e e t i n g a d ar k d r e ar y s t re e t ” Might j u s tly b e s tyl e d t h e r o bb er s r e t r e at W h e r e s h o p s w e re s o d ar k en e d f o r w an t o f t rue light A pp e ar e d q u it e at n o o n t rde as th o u gh it w er e n ight LE I GHT ON : A h you have got hold of James W i lls C h u r ch
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doggrel ; you should go on to quote his description of the ” street s i m provement into fine s hop s for each tradesman ” and the beautiful road i n to B ow street where coache s ” come down with the Manche s ter trade E VERARD That widening took place in 1 7 8 5 and was to the extent of about three yards T WIS S : A nd it was s till further widened in 1 8 6 6 7 by another slice from the churchyard LEONARD : A s we go down the street we meet with various sites of much in tere s t There is for insta n ce what was once the residence of Mr Hall Overen d one of the mo st celebrated medical m en of She ffi eld in the early part of thi s century ; after w ards of his s o n Mr Wil s on O vere n d ; and now the boot shop of Mr Brown Mr Hall O ver en d died in May 1 8 3 1 at the age of fif t y nine His medical know ledge had been acquired u n der the great disadva n tages i n ci dent to that period He served an apprenticeship to a noted druggist and apothecary named S u t clifie who dispensed medicine and advice largely at a shop near the B ay Horse on She ffi e ld Moor Hall Overen d was a dilig e nt stud e nt ’
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C H U RC H S T REE T
46
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to enj oy the life of a country gentleman Mr Hall Ove ren d was a Quaker— not very observant however of the rules of ” the Socie ty though Mrs Over en d and her daughters w e r e ” the Quaker dress of the time and attended meeting The brother of Mr Hall Ove r en d was the founder of the great discount house in L ondon which acquired a degree of credit second only to the B ank of E ngla n d It was familiarly known i n the City as the Corner House When many years after the death of its founder its management had passed i n to less ho n est and prudent hands it s failure shook the commercial world and the day Of its st e pp ag e was called ” Black Friday Mr Hall Over en d s children acquired a considerable accession of fortune on the death of the widow of their uncle A very few yards further down the s treet on the Tw rs s other side — that is at the corner of V icar lane where i s now M r Thomas surgeon Mr Jonathan Barber the father of the present Mr Jonathan Barber surgeon and of Mr James He n ry B arber ba n ke r learnt pharmacy with the same Mr R ichard S u t liff e whom Mr L eonard has men Mr Barber and Mr Hall Ove r en d married s i s ters t ion ed A t this corner he and Mr Silve s ter fr equently met to carry on their scientific experiments i n the early days of th e discovery of electricity and they are even said to have invented an electric battery A fterwards Mr B arber commenced practice in S carborough ; the n ce he removed to London an d sub seque n tly he went to Montreal Mr B ai b e r in addition to his scientific attai n ments wa s a man of great elocutionary power ; and a speech he made at Scarborough i n 1 8 1 3 on behalf of the Bible S ociety attracted so much attention that it was printed as a pamphlet W hile in L ondon he was secretary to the R oyal Humane S ociety and distinguished himself by his eloquence at its annual ba n quets LE I G HT ON : We must not lin ger round the most promi nent obj ect in the street the O ld Church an d the churchyard for Hunter as to the former an d Mr Holland s pamphlet as to the latter give us all information LEONARD : Yet I do not see i n either of them a s tate ment of the curious fact that w hen in 1 8 0 0 the Church was bei n g repaired an d altered it was found that the east end s tood on a vast bed of bones This has been taken by some as a con firmation of the traditio n that the R o m an s had a camp here — hence Campa o r Campo lan e ; but these philo logical guesses are very hazardous .
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TH E
WRAGG
CH U RC H
OLD
47
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I fancy Camp o lane means the lan e leading to
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th e country L E ONARD It is no use theorising about etymologies let us rather record that we do know Mr Samuel Rob ert s s A utobiography has fortunately perp etuated for us a graphic account of the Church before the improvement s made at the beginning of this century He wrote : T he Church itself was one o f the mo st gloomy irregularly pew e d places in the kingdom It seemed as if after the work of p ewing had begun every p erson who chose had formed a p ew for himself i n hi s own way to his own s ize height and shap e There were several galleries but all formed a s it seemed in the same way a s the p ews — some of them on pillars and some hung in chain s The L ord s clo s et was a gloomy s tructure High under the lofty centre arch spanned from side to side the massive rood loft behind which filling up the apex o f the arch were the king s arm s pain ted m o s t gloriou s ly and magnificently large U n der the clock in a large glass ca s e yet scarcely perceptible in the gloom wa s the pendulum bla z on ed with an enormo us stari n g gilt s u n solemnly and mysteriou s ly moving from side to s ide with a loud head t i piercing tick or tack at each vibration G lad i n deed was I always when the service w as over when patten s began to clatter and Johnny L ee the clerk was called to on all s ides for a light to the lanterns E VERAR D O ne of the p ews which Mr R oberts sp e aks of ” a s being hung in chain s was fixed in the north galle ry over the stair head and at the time went by the nic k name of either the coal cart or the coal barge I forget which Into this place my father with other you n gsters used to climb and when p erched up there they could do very much a s they pleased whilst looking down on the congregation below Tw rs s : You make no mention of the thirty fir e buckets which hung in the chancel ready (in the then primitive ab sence of engine s ) for use in the eve n t of a fire breaking out i n the town The buckets and the b o o k s to hang them on were a s the in s cription in the quire to his memory used to tell give n by R obert R ollinson mercer the maker of B arker p ool Perhap s yo u do not reme m ber them or their succes sors (for Mr R ollin s on died in but they mu s t have been there in the time spoke n of by the late Mr R oberts W RAGG : Mr Ro b e r t s s m ention of the great pendulum reminds me of a singular use to which it was once put .
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48
THE
CH I ME S
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Martha Wright who afterwards became th e wife of William Cutler N adin was a singer at the Pari s h Church an d on one occa s ion she fell asleep there during service When s h e awoke s h e fo u nd eve rybody go n e the church locked up and deserted She tried in vain to make herself heard when a suggested by the p endulum struck her v ery clever idea She arrested its swing and stopped the clock The absence of the u s ual indications of the flight of time attracted the attention of the clerk He went to ascertain the cause and the g irl obtai n ed her liberation LE ONARD : The present bells were put up in 1 7 9 8 and the new clock with its chimes was erected in 1 8 6 7 Sixty years hence our descendants will perhaps thank us for put ting o n record that the tunes played are : Sunday E aster Hym n Monday Home sweet ho m e ; Tuesday Blue ” ” bells of Scotland ; Wednesday The heavens are telling ; ” Th u rsday L ife let us cherish ; Friday The 1 0 4t h Psalm ; Saturday Caller Herring Yo u have no idea — s how di fli c u lt i n dee d impo sible I have found it to O btain a complete list of the old chi m es A ll I can get together are these : S u n day l o4t h P s al m ; Mo n d ay Blue bell s of Scotland Wed n e s day See the conqu ering h er e co m e s Saturday Happy clown from A lla n R am s ay s G entle Shepherd a tune th at was popularly known as Ta n g ” E nds E VERARD : O ne of the tune s played wa s There s nae luck about the house LE I G HT ON : If old Siah Carr had been alive he could have told you not only the tunes of the late chimes but of their predece s sors who s e beauty he never cea s ed to lament He was a gr eat wor s hipper of them an d would s i t on the alablaster stone listeni n g to the airs most devoutly T W IS S : L et us not forget to m entio n that the old clock turret in front of the steeple was removed when the new clock w as erected that being set into the steeple itself In doing this a stone was found which had evidently formed a p ortion of an arch in the N orman church The pattern upon the stone fixes the date of the church as in the 1 2 th century an d proves that this is not the original N orman tower E VERARD : I am sorry to see that o u r favourite Hallam shire legend about the origin o f the T u esday eve n ing s peal that it was e s tablished in gratitude by a wanderer who belated on the moors b eyond Ri n gi n glo w was saved by hear ,
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THE
C HU R C H B E LL S
49
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their s ou n d wafted to him through the s till night air — i s believed to be mythical Tw rs s Yes it i s a beautiful s tory but there is nothing to show that an y le g acy was ever left to defray the co s t o f rin gi n g the bells on Tuesday evenin gs at lea s t neither the Town Tru s tee s who pay for the ringing nor the rin gers who receive the payment know anyt hi ng of s uch a bequest LEONARD : I fear this is another of your etym ologies Mr Wragg The story must hav e been concocted to fit the name of Ri n g i n g lo w which we know to have e xi s ted at least as long ago as 1 5 7 4 when it w as a great heap of stone s ” i R n i n l a w called At any rate the legend only s hows e g g that the bells were rung on Tue s day evenin gs before the legacy — if there wa s one E VE RAR D : This Tuesday ringi n g i s on ly i n the wi nter months It begins on the Tuesday after D oncaster race s — rather a curiou s calendar for church bells and cont i nues unt i l Shrove Tue s day It is n o doubt an immemorial custom con n e c t e d po s s ibly with the market day Th e bell s by the way are not now rung with the regularity or frequency that w as for merly ob s erved We used always to ha v e a be ll at s i x i n the morn ing at noon an d at eight o clock in the eve n i n g on week days ; and there was an early S unday morni n g bell at seven o clock which w as al s o the time o n s ai n ts days but these are dropped now We only have the peals on Queen s ” days and special occasions — the three days follo w ing Christ mas the last day in the old year and N ew Year s D ay LE I G HT ON It is a pity they should be discontinued but I think I remember business men complaining of the twelve o clock peal a s interrupting W R AG G : Money grubbers " L E ON AR D : I have been told by th e ringers t hat the dis continuance o f the bells arose thus : Wh e n Mrs S utton the wife of the late vicar was ill they di s turbed her livin g as she did in the old V icarage so the D octor ordered them to stop ; and as no one ever comma n ded them to be resumed the cu s tom fell into disu s e B ut I believe the eight o clock curfew bell had b e en discontin ued before that T W I S S : Here is a contribution to our ringing r e c o lle c tion s : May 2 1 8 0 9 di ed a few days ago Mr R ichard O wen much lamented particularly by the Society of Change R i ngers to whom h e had belonged n e arly sixty y e ars T hey ing
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50
CHUR C H S T EE PL E
THE
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will always bear in mind how cheerfully he led o ff the first peal that was ever rung of ten new bells on the 2 9 t h A pril H e was interred at St Peter s Church on the 2 9 t h 1 799 A pril 1 8 0 9 being exactly ten years aft e r the bell s were first run LE I GH T ON : A n interesting chapter might be written on the O ld Church steeple Here is a j otti n g for it extracted from Mr G ale s s S h efii eld R eg i s t er of July 1 8 1 7 8 9 : It has been j udged expedient fr om its being in a decayed state to take down a few ya r ds of the s t eeple of our parish church The person employed for this purpose has fixed ladders to e ff ect it and on Thursday he took down the weathercock amidst the acclamatio n s of an immense concourse of s pect a tors who had assembled o n the o ccasion In the evening after this had been e ff ected a S later in a state of intoxica tion ascended the ladders to the terror of the spectators who every moment expected he would b e dashed to atoms When he was within a few yards of th e top their fears were heightened by h i s hat blowin g o ff he h owever reached the summit and came down agai n remarkably swift and p erfectly safe to the relief of those who witnesse d the foolhardy attempt W RAGG : I t is said that Mr William Battie wh o lived in To w n h e ad street in the house now occupied by Mr Parkin tailor the James Wills who has been quoted lived a door or two below who once played a similar mad freak LEONARD Yes the sto ry is that in his you n ger days he for a wager climbed up to the top of the old s teeple by the p r oj ectio n s took hold of the weathercock waved his hat came down again by the same way and reached the bottom ” in safety B illy Battie was quite a charact er E VERARD I have su ffi cien t evidence for believing it was not Mr William Battie who did that piece of folly but a n other m an who was at the time he undertook it half dr u n k What Mr B attie did was this : O n the occasion whe n a certain portion of the church steeple was taken down and rebuilt (possibly the time referred to in that extract from the R eg i s t er ) several p erson s climbed up before the ladders were removed as a sort of Opening ceremony A mong them w as Mr Battie A s previou s ly arranged he stoo d upright upon the base where the weathercock had to be fixed with n othi n g to hold by and played the N ational A nthem on hi s Fr e n ch horn My father was prese n t and saw him thus standin g and h e ard this mus i cal p e rformance ,
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C L I MB I N G
TH E
Tw I s s
S T EE P L E
51
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I have heard Mr B attie tell the story himself W RA G G : That better accords with the character and po si tion of Mr B attie than the other story He w as a Town Tru s tee and a person of con s iderable influence in that body It w as he who caused the opening to be made at the bottom of Broad lane and To w n h e ad street by the destruction of R adford row In his younger days he was a C ooper but afterwards h e was a succes sful ivory merchant E V E RAR D : I have forgotten the name of the man who actually accomplished the feat attributed to Mr B attie but h e was a table blade forger and at the time wa s working for Messrs Broomhead Ward and Thomas As li n e Ward brothers who carried on business in Howard street the latter living in the hou se adj oining the whole n e w form ing part of the premises of Me s s rs IV alk e r and Hall This man (who if I remember right had been a sailor ) was one eveni n g drinki n g with h i s mates at a public ho use w hen the questio n of the possibility of climbing up to the top of the O ld Church s t eeple by the proj ecti n g di s cu s sed and di s p uted He s tone s o u t s ide was mooted thereupon laid a wager that he co u ld do it and started o fi accompanied by some of his co m rade s He s ucce s sfu lly acco mpli s hed the feat b u t he told my mother who kn ew the m an and had the relation from his own lip s that though he did not experience much di ffi culty in getting to the top yet having arrived there the extreme peril of his po s ition s o struck h i s mind as completely to sober him When he reached the ground without speaki ng to any one he ran home half frightened out of his wits LEONARD I have alway s understoo d that the man s name was Thomas S outh He was well kn own in the town O ne ver s ion of the story says he turned the weathercock round LE I G HT ON L et u s take a glance into St James s street ” once the V icarage croft a small field amidst gardens with an old dry draw well in it Yo u all remember the yellow V icarage now supplanted by the auction room of Messrs W H and J A E ado n and the adjoining buildings LEONARD : Yes even I remember that unarti s tic build ing with its plain rounded windows I used to have a feel ing of something like awe for the mysteries of the yard entered from St James s street by double doors and to wonder how the space between the V icarage itself and the high wall abutting on St James s row was occupied T W IS S : I have a rough drawing of th e old place a s it .
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52
ST
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S T RE E T
J AM E s s
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appeared in process of demolition in 1 8 5 4 There was no upper story over the centre part— the oldest porti on of the bu ildi n g — though it was long ago that the two ends had been added Its combinations of lath beam s plaster an d rubble were very antique There i s one relic of it still to be seen but in an altered form an d serving a new purp ose The large stone of the step leading into Me ssrs E ado n s auction room by the door in St : Jame s s street is the identical ston e that served as mantel shelf in the oldest part of the V icarage W RAGG : The street was long famous in another w ay as the chosen home of the Scotch drapery business Here fifty years ago Mr Joh n Brown w h o subsequently built Columbia Works first introduced that trade — LEONARD : F or good or for evil a point on which Opinions g r e atly vary L E I G HT ON It was here that th e militia of the town used to be drilled and paraded A soldierly looking body of men they were and they exten ded five or ten deep the whole le ngth of the street E VERARD In St James s stre e t was th e house wher e Mr R obert H adfield lived the warehouse being at the back He had a family of four sons and two daughters : R ober t th e youngest died many years ago ; Jo seph and Samuel were partners with the father ; Mr G eorge H adfield the present venerable M P for Sheffield in early life removed to Man chester where for many years he practised as an attorney He I am told still signs cheques in the names of R obert ” H adfield and Sons Mr R obert H adfield built the house at Crookes moor s i de f o r a country residence Mr R ay surgeon married one of the daughters and the other died unmarried Mr R obert H adfield s tombstone may be se e n by passers by in th e yard of Howard street Chap el T W IS S : There is an interesting p oint in conn e ction with St James s street It is — from footpath to footpa th I b e — liev e an exact proportion of a mile and may thus b e co n s i dered our Hallamshir e standard of long m e asure LEONARD : D o you know anything Mr Twiss of t h e history of th e corner house to which inquir e rs after She ffield folk lore do much resort for interviews with that d evot e d and accurate antiquary Mr William Swift " T W IS S : N ow th e Stamp o ffi ce you m e an It was built by Mr Stacey who supplied the woodwork for th e reno v at e d Parish Church and for St James s Church ; and it i s fitted in a styl e si mil ar to the latt e r Mr T N B ard we ll .
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W HEE L E R
D AN I E L
54
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Wheeler in some plac e is certain but wh e ther in Church street is uncertain For my part I do not believe he was W RAGG A t any rate they were in p artnership I want however to mention D aniel Wheeler not as Mr Aldam s partn er but as the celebrated Quaker mis s ionary noticed by the poet Whittier Ju s t before the R u ssian war many ” people w ere quite a s tounded that the three Q u aker s S hould have had the presumption to visit the E mperor of R ussia to endeavour to prevail on hi m not to go to war but had they known the clo s e and intim ate relation s that had existed b e tween the late D aniel Wheeler and the Czar N icholas and also the pre v iou s E mperor they would not have been sur prised at the vi s it of Messr s Sturge Peace and Carleto n Mr Wheeler went about doing good E VERARD Mr Wheeler originally went out to R ussia to manage a model farm for the E mperor A lexander who about the year 1 8 24 or 1 8 2 5 had visited E ngland He was a little broad built man and he w ore a grey Quakers suit and broad brimmed hat He was away from E ngland about ten years Soon after his retur n the Society sent him with one or two others to visit the mission statio n s in the South Sea s N ew Z ealand and other places The j ournal he kept was not published but it was handed round among the Friends for private p erusal LE I G HT ON The site on which Mr A ldam built the pre sent w i n e and S pirit establishment was previou s ly a public ” house with the sign of the G rapes It was a respectable place of the kind and was kept by a person of the name of Hall The hou s e front proj ected halfw ay acro s s the cause way beyond the line of the other buildi n gs It had three w i n dow s in the fro n t and also a wi n dow in each of the gable e n d s on e of them faci n g up the street and the other down The She ffi eld local band used to assemble here for practice It i n cluded William Taylor the French horn player and h i s son Joh n the celebrated bugler ; together with the Cleggs fa t her an d s o n the trumpeters E VERARD The She ffield and Hallam s hire B ank wa s ” built on the site of the hou s e below the G rapes T hat was a well built and respectable looking house with palisade s in fr o n t T W IS S : It was a house with a fin e old staircase and was at one time the property of the Fisher family by whom it was sold to the Staceys who in turn sold it for the purp o se s of t h e Bank ,
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TH E
OLD
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C U TL ER S H A LL
55
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LE ONARD : The grandfather of the pre s ent Mr Wil liam Fi s her lived there The house was an extremely good one Behind it was a productiv e garden in which in addition to the commoner fruits grape s were grown upon the wall s The n behi n d the garden were the horn pressing works of Mr — s Fi her work s still occupied by h i s de s cendants though the trade has cha n ged i t s character —i n O rchard place By the gates w as as I have been told a ve ry fin e pear tree A fter Mr John Fi s her who died in 1 8 2 0 h i s s on s R obert and William (the latter a fin e old politicia n an d reformer remembered by all of u s ) occupied the hou s e ; an d the n as Mr Twiss has said it pa s s ed i n to other hand s although the works re m ained and do still remain the p r operty of the Fi s her family Tw rs s There is a curious s tory about an old barber who had a s hop about here He was tall and s pi n dle sha n ked His door was div ided in the middle into two halves and at night his wi n dow was lighted by a tallow candle s t uck in a pi n t bottle A nu m ber of mi s chievou s youths — one o f whom — a n l when fa s tened the lower half O d m an told me the story of the door on the o u t s ide an d the n through the u pper half threw i n a n umber of lighted j u m pi n g crackers They could see the poor barber sitti n g alo n e an d the y watched the alarm and di s may with which he fo u nd himself sudde n ly i n the midst of a fusillade The a n tic s of t h e tall and ungain barber as he skipped about to avoid the crackers and h i s futile attempts to Open the door and s o e s cape amused his tormentors greatly LE I G HT ON : N ow we co m e to the old C u tlers Hall erected in 1 7 2 6 demoli s hed 1 8 3 2 its predeces s or datin g as far back a s 1 6 3 8 when the Co m pany built it on the s ite of s ome old burbage ho u s e s The second w as a very unprete n tious building compared with that which h as now take n its place It was a s tructu r e of th r ee s torie s with fini s hed s t o n e co r n ers an d a broad s tone border round the window s of which there were only two on the gro und fl o o r — betwee n two doors each of which was surmounted by a p edime n t The two gro u n d floor windows were protected by a low circular raili n g adorned with the cro s s dagger s ; while above in the ce n tre between two upper rows of windows four i n number was the coat of ar ms of the Company Tw rs s Wh ich s till may be seen preserved in the wall at the back of the pre sent edifice A dj oining the Hall was the Bird in t h e E VE RARD ” Hand kept by old T ommy R o se the chief r e sort of th e .
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56
TH E
CU T L E R S
OLD
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H A LL
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chap s who visited the town for trading purposes with their pack horses T W IS S : The ground floor of the old hall was used as a j ustice room and there for m any years th e magistrates sat Some odd doings were enacted there in the days of Justice Wilkinson E VERARD : In that lower room one good thing at an y rate was done in the e s tablishment of the She ffield and Hallamshire Saving s Bank i n 1 8 1 9 O n that occa s ion I was a depo s itor of a small sum on the first day and I believe the fir s t hour of its opening I have very distinctly before my mind s eye the countenances and figur e s of those who s at at the table covered with green baize includi n g the R ev Thoma s Sutton Mr Montgomery Mr G eorge Bennet Mr Thomas R awson the R ev Mark D e ck e r and others LEONARD : I have read in an old n umber of the C o u r an t that there was a curious scene in 1 7 9 5 when so much trouble occurred about the high price of flour A relief com m i tt ee had been formed to supply the poor with cheap flour and they sold at so low a price that there were public r ejo i c ings A number of women with ribbons and cockades e n t er e d the room at the Cutlers Hall in which the gentlemen of the Corn Committee had assembled A fter thanking them they marched in a body up to the head of the table an d told D r Bro wn e the chairman that they had brought a chaise to the door an d begged leave to draw him through the prin cipal streets of the town The D octor escaped by plead i n g that this wo u ld be inverting the order of things and would be ungallant and as he would not allow himself to be importuned into it the women at length retired T W IS S : That would be soon after the time when D r Browne wrote to Wilberforce the letter that appears in the L ife of the latter dated July 1 7 95 : There was a numerous meeting at the Cutlers Hall yesterday when I opened busine s s by reading your letters They were so struck by the propriety of your recommendation that they agreed to sign a resolution pledging themselv e s to the greatest economy in the use of flour I was particularly de sired by the whole meeting to reiterate their warmest thanks to you for your uniform attention to their int e rests Price of wheat ” at N ottingham 1 2 s per barrel L E I GHT ON : A story has been told of a workman who could never agree with his strikers He summoned his masters before the magistrates because they would fin d him -
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CU TLE Rs
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FE AS T S
57
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neither single hand work nor a strik e r The man said the masters always found striker s ; on the other s ide evidence was given showing that they never found strik e rs ; and D r Corbett w h o heard the ca s e (it was in the old j ustice room of the Cutlers Hall ) said If men do n t fin d s trikers and masters don t fin d strikers who the devil does fin d strikers " E V E RARD : A curious chapter might be written on the changes that hav e taken place in the Cutlers fea s ts as well as in the ro om s in which those feasts have been held The hi s torian would fin d ample scop e i n tracing the gradual i n crea s e i n sumptuou s ness from the days of goo d old G eorge Smith who was Master Cutler in 1 7 4 9 when the total cost of the feast was £ 2 2 s 9d to the presen t day when I should be afraid to say how much the fea s ts co s t LE ONARD : E ven then the drink formed a very large pro portion of the expen se though the y w e re conte n t with ale an d p unch instead of the champagne and b o ok of their de generate desc e ndants Of the £ 2 2 s 9 d almost one half or 2 0 s 7 d went in ale and punch Tw I s s How much one would like to know who were the guest s there an d to have a description of the proceedings ” from our own reporter LE ONARD : We know that even then or at any rate not long after the fea s t was a great occa s io n for in 1 77 1 when Mr Wm Trickett was Master there w as a better S how of dukes an d earls and lord s than c an ever be attracted now A nd in the town it s elf the occa s io n w as a s ort of fair ; for we read in the C o u r an t that The Cutler s feast w as o b served as a great holiday ; the bell s were kept con s tantly ringing during the three days it la s ted booths were erected in the Churchyard High street and Church str eet for the sale of fruit spices & c and all busines s w as ge n erally s u s -
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E VE RA R D
Mr William O ve r e n d complained that ladies were excluded from the tables Why do they not in revenge revive the fe s tiv al of the Mistress Cutler which u s ed to be held on the day followi n g " LEONARD What to eat up the broken victuals E V E RA R D : NO you cynic ; I am sure the ladies feast would be much more entertaini n g than the ge n tlemen s There would be no u n s ee m ly manifestation s o f p olitical feel i n g If I were the Mistress C u tler I would exclude reporter s and every male perso n and the revenge would be complete The gentlemen would be racked with envy :
A t the feast this year
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C H U R C H S T REE T
58
L E O NA R D observed E VERARD
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Pray when were these inter e sting ceremonial s an d
O h in 1 7 9 1
other years The good old times Tw I s s I n 1 8 0 7 Mrs Brownell the Mi s tress Cutler E VERAR D gave an elegant dinner to the ladies ; and i n the evening an as s embly at the room s in N o r folk s treet Mrs E be n ezer R hodes did the s ame in the following year ; but the year following that Mr R obert B ri g h t m o r e being Ma s te r times had become s o bad that the Corporatio n an n ounced that in con s eq u ence of the state of their finance s they s uspe n d the a n n u al fea s t and dine by tickets 1 5 s each E ven ear lier than that i n 1 7 9 8 the feast had been paid for by t ickets the mo n ey u s ually applied 1 0 s 6 d each for another rea s o n to defray the expe n s e s of the fea s t havin g by vote been ap r o r i at e d t o the subscription in aid of the exigencies of the p p G overnme n t LE ONARD : We get a glimp se at the j olly doi n g s at t h e Me m orial s of Chan Old Cutler s fea s t s fr om M r Holla n d s ” trey Speaking Of Mr N icholas Jackso n the file m ak e r of S h e m eld croft with o n e of whose daughters Cha n trey had a love a ffair he says A ncient guests at the Cutler s fea s t will remember how his loyal song s formerly divided with tho se of another local worthy B illy B attie (of whom we have j ust been speak ing) the applause of the Co rporation when su n g in the old Hall in Ch u rch street Fancy the man ufacturers singin g so n gs now a days on that grand occa sion " W RAGG : The han dsome building of the She ffield an d R otherham B ank erected in 1 8 6 6 in place of the plai n brick structu r e occ u pies the site Of the pre m ises o n ce the residence and factory of the R oebuck s The history of D r R oebuck the mo s t di s tinguished member of the family you all know T W I S S : H i s brothers fir s t opened correspondence s with the Continent and one of them was po s s ibly the fir s t Shef field ba n ker o n who s e failure eight years afterwards the Broadbent s bank was e s tabli s hed LEONARD When the R oebucks died they had not a lo n g j ourney to take A to m b opposite the Sheffield and R other ham B ank dated 1 7 5 2 bears the names of R oebuck and Fenton ; and Mr Holland tells us that i n the mo n th of May 1 7 8 5 Church lan e w as made wider by taking into it about three yards of the churchyard and removing a certain numb e r of co ffins bodies and graveston e s the last mo stly ,
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RO EB U CK S
TH E
59
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b e aring th e nam e of R oebuck and forming at present (1 8 6 9 ) part of the floors in the cellars and kitchens of the house s opposite Tw rs s : In making that sweeping observation Mr Hol land did not di splay the accuracy that is desirable in such matters The fact i s he has multiplied one si n gle grav e stone into a whole s ale collection The only basis for h i s statement i s the following : When the Sheffield and R other ham Bank made certain alteration s in their premises so m e years before the rebuilding it wa s found nece s s ary to remove the flooring in a cottage at the back in which the bank me s senger resided and amo n g the pa v e r s s o taken up w as o n e which had bee n a grave s to n e of which thi s is a copy : Here was interred the Body of Ro g g e r R ob u ck late of Sheffield j oiner : he departed this life the 2 5 t h day of O ctober A nno D om 1 6 and in the 7 0 t h year of h i s age The date is imperfect only a portio n of the third figure which may be 0 or 6 or 9 remai n ing The full date may be 1 6 00 or an y year between that and 1 6 0 9 inclusiv e or it m ay be 1 6 6 0 or any year between that an d 1 6 6 9 or it may b e 1 6 90 or any year between that an d 1 6 9 9 I hav e made a carefu l search in the parish register but cannot fin d an y entry of the burial of such a person It probably belongs to the p eriod between 1 6 6 0 and 1 6 6 9 if the following extract from D epo s itio n s from York Castle publi s hed by the Surtees Society relates to the same person : A true bill again s t He n ry B r ight of W h arlo w (Whirlow ) gen Stephen Bright of the s ame yeo R oger R obuck of the same j oi n er an d Cornelius Clerk of C at h o r pe (C u t t h o rpe ) co D erb y g e n for breaki n g into the fore s t of Tho m as E arle of A r u n dell called R i veli n g ” Forrest on 2 1 July 1 6 5 9 and killing a stag I thi n k it not im po ssible that the s tone may hav e co m e from N ether Chapel rather than from the Parish Churchyard LE I G HT ON : Mr Webb a well known She ffield s u rg eon lived from about 1 8 1 3 to 1 8 1 8 in a hou s e on a part of the site now o ccupied by the She ffi eld an d R otherham B a n k He was a stout built dapper little man fo n d of dre ss and he rode a goo d horse He had re m oved to Church street fr om Norfolk street and thence he went to Market street but he was not in the latter place long for he died at Broomhall Mill where he had gone for the bene fit of his health abo u t 1 8 2 0 T W IS S : I believe at one time he lived in Farg at e by ” the L ord s hou s e L E ONA R D Mr Webb was one of th e first surg e ons to the ,
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60
C H U RC H S T RE E T
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In firmary and an amu s ing story has been told me of a quarrel he had with the R ev A lex Mackenzie of St Paul s It was the custom in those days for the medical s ta ff of the In firmary to a s semble for praye r s before comme n cing their duties ; an d Mr Webb being invariably late kept h i s col leagues waiting At length this became so intolerable that Mr Mackenzie took him to ta s k which the D octor rese n ted so warmly as to threaten to horse whip the black coated scoundrel for having the impudence to dict ate to him A few days afterwards whe n about to mou n t h i s hor s e at his own door Mr Webb s eeing Mr Mackenzie coming up the street made a rush and began to carry his threat i n to ex e cu tion The curate of St Paul s ran for protectio n into the bank and sped up stairs p u r s ued by the irate doctor both being followed by a number of clerk s and others astonished by this strange incursion T o appreciate fully the ridic u lou s s ight you mu s t remember that Mr Mackenzie was an execs s i ve ly tall man — over s i x feet — and that his assailant w as considerably under middle height Mr Mackenzie did not live long after that He went up to L ondon to undergo an operatio n for the stone and he died there —i n 1 8 1 6 Mr Webb had a garden at Harvest G rove the end of Harvest lane where Mr Waterhouse afterwards built a house He had a farm at Park Wood Springs on land belonging to Par son Blan d of B o ls t er s t o n e which was afterwards sold to the b u ildi n g society Mr Webb was accustomed to give lectures o n surge ry to medical students ; and a li s t of his pupils would include such names as Wil s on O vere n d Jackson Franc e But meetings of another kind were held at his house D r Younge D r E rnest James Montgomery R obert H adfield and others used to meet there to di s cuss politics Th e G overnment of that day was very j ealous of such meetings and Mr Webb s servants had i n struction s to repre s ent to any callers at such times that he was engaged in lectu r ing upon surgery Mr Webb had himself been a pupil of his u n cle Mr Charles Hawksley whose s u rgery was in High street near where Messrs Foster the tailors are now and he was succeeded in practice by Mr N elson LE I GH T ON : Mr Webb has been credited with being the hero of a curious adventure among the colliers L E ONA R D : Yes ; but the assertion that the adventure happened to him is denied with m uch emphasis and some indignation by one who knew him well and who asserts that he was not at all addict e d to int e mp e ranc e I am told that ,
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C H AP T E R
IV
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TH E OL D TOWN HALL , HIG H S TRE E T
S cen e— Th e
B eehive
Pr esen t— LE I GH TON
E ONARD : aged 9 1 ,
L
H o st , Mr
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LE IGH TO N
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LE ONARD
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E VE RA RD
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WRAG G
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A very old gentleman of my acquaintance
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has given me an interestin g account of the I remember it he O ld T own Hall at the Ch u rch gates said very well It wa s n o t a large building O n the ground floor was the lobby or gaol called Sam Hall s parlour T here culprits used to be co n fined and you could go and talk to them through a rou n d hole in the door such Sam as you may now see in the doors of country pinfolds Hall was the gaoler and he also sold pots and such like to make o ut his living A bove the lobby w as the hall it s elf approached by an external flight of step s facing down High street I remember Wilberforce coming to addre s s the electors of Yorkshire from those step s A silly man named Josiah or Jesse from G renoside was amo n g the crowd and somebody put him on a great wig This made a lot of f u n an d caused some confusion ; and Tom Smith the con s table who kept the Blue B oar down W e s t bar nobbled ” the disorderly ones to keep them quiet T W IS S : I have no doubt that speech of Wilberforce s was the one delivered on the 9 th of May 1 8 0 7 when he was accompan ied by Mr L ascelles ” E VERARD Jesse to whom L eonard refers was a well known an d popular character in She ffi eld in those days His ” proper name was Josiah but he generally went by the soubriquet of Jesse and from some of his u n reasonable doi n gs the remark is still current and applicable to a person who has done any foolish thing What a Jes s e he must .
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JE S S E ”
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need s be " He wa s a tall well built and p owerful man living at G renoside ne ar G r en o wood His vi sits to Sheffield were very frequent At that tim e the coaches to H u dde r s field and Halifax ran that way ; and Jes se on an e vening when tired with his day s rambles in the town decidedly pre f erred riding home on the coach to walkin g B ut then ” there wa s the fare w hich he neither could nor would pay ; so the coachman until he learnt better left him behind burn ing wi th indignation an d threatening revenge A fter such altercation it was not unfrequently found that in the night time large stones had been placed on the road in the mo s t awkward places with the evident de s ign of upsetting the coach The act could never be traced to the perpetrator but so shrewd a su s picion was entertained that it wa s deemed a prudent thin g to let Jesse rid e home ; and as long a s this was done no large stones w e re foun d on and the passengers were amused by his talk t h e road O ne of his peculiarities was that he always carried a lengthy walking sta ff of some ki n d ; but he more especially preferred a long broom — ha n dle O n coming to She ffield without a staff he would walk into some hou s e look out the sweeping brush an d in an in s tant would be seen striding o ff ” at great pace with the bru s h steale a number of women and children rai s ing the hue and cry at his heels A nother of his eccentricities was hi s atte n dance on all the funerals he heard of He was very impartial in paying this mark of respect whether he happ ened to know the family or not The attraction wa s the cu s tom of giving to tho se in vited ” to the funeral a burial cake bein g a large p lum cake before biscuit s came i n to ge n eral u s e This privi lege of a mourner was always accorded to Jesse O ne day after attending a funeral in the neighbourhood of B road lane having one of th e s e large cakes in each of his coat pockets he asked a carter who had j ust been de livering a load of coals to allo w him to ride in the cart Jesse got in and as he sat on the edge of the door the man slyly u n co tt e r e d it so that he had not ridden far before the door came down and Jesse fell on his back ; and whilst he was gatherin g up his cakes the man drove o ff This little incident was related to m e by one who witnessed it A nother of Jesse s pecu liarities was his extreme fondness for S inging and music At that time the oratorio s were often held in the Parish Church on which occasions he was sure to put in an appearance an d att e mpt to get into th e plac e — o f cours e -
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64
TH E
OL D
T O WN H A L L
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without payment O n being repulsed by the doorkeepers he would walk abo u t in front of the church and when the p f o rm an c e was fairly begun with his very powerfu l voice he struck up at the church doors the chorus L ift up yo ur heads 0 ye gates ; and be ye lift up ye everla s tin g doors ; Who i s this King of an d the King of G lory S hall come in ” G lory " The L ord of Ho s ts ; He is the King of G lory This had the e ff ect of disturbing the audience and embarras sing the performers s o that the doorkeepers soon received orders to let poor Jesse come in 0 11 which he at once became silent and absorbed and seemed to enj oy the musical treat with great satisfaction B ut I ought to apologis e my friends for taking up so much of yo u r time LE I GHTO N : That old Town Hall was built in 1 7 00 and was pulled down in 1 8 08 It stood slightly within the church yard an d proj ected right out into the middle of the way where the open S pace at the entranc e to E ast Parade now is ” L E ONARD Before it was Sam Hall s parlour it was ” Sam W i bb erley s We get some idea of its limited di m en ” sions from Ni eld s R emark s on the prisons of Yorkshire which say The lobbies (G en t lem an s M ag lxxv under the Town Hall are three dark cells which Open into a narrow passage the largest eight feet s quare by six feet high E ach door has an ap erture of six inches diameter There is ” an o ff ensive sewer in the corner of each cell Since N ield adds that although it was daylight when he went in he needed a lighted candle we may conclude that these w e re not very pleasant place s in which to be con fined L E I G H T ON A dj oining the Town Hall facing down High street were the stocks afterwards removed to Paradise square ; and the pillory T W IS S : Ther e was a curious illustration of th e us e of the stocks in 1 7 9 0 wh e n nine men were put into th e m for tippling in a p ublic hous e during church time and two boys were mad e to do p enanc e in the church for playing at trip during divi ne service by standing in the mid s t of the church ” wi th their trip sticks erect L E O NARD Well we punish th e form e r o ff ence now but in a different way I m not q uite sure that we ar e wise in winking at t h e playing that goes o ff T W IS S : There is another good story of t h e stocks in conn e ction with old Justice Wilki nson A little girl in the stre e t was incit e d by some mischievous fe llow to go up to a g e ntl e man walking along and to s ay .
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F I RIN G
THE
OF
Th e y b urn t
B ROO M H A LL
b oo ks An d s c ar d h i s r o o k s An d s et h i s s t ack s o n hi s
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the well known doggrel relating to the rioters attack on Broomhall The child innocently went in front of the gen What t le m an and bobbi n g a curt s ey li s ped out the lines ” my dear " asked the V icar —for it w as no n e other The child repeated it Yes my dear come alo n g s aid he ” with m e ; and leadi n g her by the hand took her to the stocks to her great distre s s LE I G HT ON : Ju s tice Wilki nson had a patriotic s ympathy with the fathers and mother s of illegitimate children from an idea that considering the d r ain of the war it w as a p ublic bene fit to add to the population So m e sayi n gs of h i s a little too bre ad for reproduction in print are yet told by the choic e st of our old story tellers LE ONARD It was in 1 7 9 1 that that attack on Broomhall was m ade The ringleader one B ennett was executed for it at York E VERARD : I have always under s too d that the individual executed was a poor half witted you n g m an who m the mob purposely incited an d p u s hed forward thro u gh the library window to com m it the ince n diary act of s etting the books and paper s on fir e Had the eve n t taken place no w the u n fortu n ate lad in s tead o f being ha n ged w o u ld in all proba b i li t y ha v e been s e n t to an a s yl u m d u ri n g her Maj e s ty s plea s ure Thi s case I ha v e bee n t old produced at the time such an impres s ion on the p ublic mind as led to the doi n g ” away with the law or cu s tom of gi v i n g blood money I say law or cu s tom beca u s e I ha v e hea r d it denied that any such law was ever enacted by the Briti s h Parlia m e n t A s matter of fact howe v er it mu s t hav e po s s e s s ed s ome s hadow of legal a u thority as it w as a thi n g p r acti s ed in two i n O ld Sh e fli e ld an d after t h e Broom s ta n ces at lea s t in hall riot the practice cea s ed to exist My father was one of tho s e w h o out of curio s ity went a s an o n looker to that s ce n e of outrage but believing that the military would soon put in an appearance he began to make his way homeward s In Black L amb lane (now Broomhall street but then a nar row country road ) his retreat w as however intercepted by the approach at full speed w ith noi s e of j i n glin g scab bards mingled with oaths and curses of a detachment of cavalry He j umped over the field wall and lay hidden until they had passed Then concluding that there would certainly -
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F
J U S T IC E W I LKI N S ON
66
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be another troop soon following he decided to go down the lane (now Hanover street ) toward s She ffi eld moor and by that rou n dabo u t way get home He had not however gone far in that direction before another party of s oldiers made their appearance headed by the colonel and Justice Wilkin He had then with agility again to perform the s o n himself climbing and hidin g feat and thus managed to escape th e dangers of hi s nocturnal ra m ble on that clear moonlight n i g ht L E ONARD : It appears from the S hefii eld R eg i s t er s ao cou n t o f the a ff air that the cavalry in question consi s ted of a detachme n t of L ight D ragoons se n t over from N ottingham in con s equence of an appl i cation to G overn ment for them an d it s eem s very probable that if the unwonted arrival of the soldiery had not s ugge s ted rioti n g to the m o b none would have take n place A t the C u tlers Fea s t that year the g u ests were almo s t frantic in their expre s s ions of approbation Of Mr Wilki n s o n s conduct an d the Mi s tres s C u tler s party on the followi n g day with that raptu r ous j oy which females only elate i n a ca u s e worthy of their sex can express not only drank his health but nothing le s s tha n ” acclamation s of applau s e would sati s fy their ardour and zeal T W IS S There are other a n ecdotes about Justice Wilki n s o n s doing s as a magi s trate which m a y a s well be m entioned i n connection with the old Tow n Hall B eing called upo n o n one occasio n to arbitrate betwee n a quarrel s ome husba n d and wife he ordered that they should be locked up together u n til they could agree The di s cipline p r oved e fficacious for after a S how of obstin acy the refractory couple came to term s an d anno u nced their contritio n by knocki n g upo n the walls as had bee n arra n ged A nother i s thi s : A lady havi n g quarrelled with her serva n t w as requi r ed to appear before the J u s tice She refused to go before O ld Ni ddle t y N od (a nickn ame given owi n g to a peculiar shaki n g of the head cau s ed by par aly s i s ) and had to be fetched by a co n s table So you refu s ed to co m e before O ld Ni ddle t y N od did you You are here now howeve r an d O ld Ni ddle t y N o d orders you to pay the s ervant her wages and the co s ts of the court LEONARD That nickname reminds me of the description of Mr Wilkin s on given by one liv ing who remembers him ” He was said he a fin e venerable looking old m an very s tately but rather pal s ied when I saw him His hea d shook a little H e drove about in a large old fa m ily ca rriag e with ,
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TH E
C HUR C H GA T E S
67
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a pair of horses and Jo s hua G regory his clerk used to stand behi n d like a footman I was at s chool at Che s terfi eld when the rioter s went to Broomhall and b u r n t hi s book s an d scared his r o c k s and s e t h i s s tack s on fir e My father sent me word what mischief had been do n e at the Hall A fter Justice Wilkinson died Jo s hua G r egory we n t i n to a table knife concern The firm was W o s t e n h o lm and G regory b u t ” it did not continue long LE I G HT ON : A t the top of High s treet (now Paw s o n and B r ails fo r d s stationers ) w as the confectione ry s hop of Mr B enj amin Walker who w as uni ver s ally re s pected T WI S S : You might go further back an d s peak of that corner when it was in the occupation of the Heaton s The — inscription on their grav estone which i s the t o p s lab of a tomb s tone — may s till be read near to the V icarage The mo s t promi n ent member of the family me n tio n ed upon it i s Thomas Heaton late of this town ironmo n ge r who die d D ec 1 9 1 7 3 4 in the 4 8 t h year of his age He w as ea s y an d agreeable in every p ath of private life and u s efu l to the publick as a member of the three go v erni n g b o dye s of the T own the Chu r ch and the Free School an d died ge n erally ” lame n ted Then follow the name s of his wife an d O f a number of their daughters e n di n g in Hellen the la s t s u r Family who departed thi s v i v o r of this t r u ly R e s pectable life the 1 8 t h Ju n e The r e were for m erly in fr ont of the premi s es of which we are speaking posts an d chai n s extending from below the church gates to the corner of York street LE I G HT ON : Th e re is a tragic hi s tory connected with the daughter of B enjamin Wa lker of whom he w as exceedingly fond She was ad m ired by all who knew her It w as the ” old old story she loved not wi s ely b u t too well At the time when the South D evon Militia was quartered i n the town the o fficers frequented the father s S hop an d a broken heart w as the end O n the premises n ext below where Mr R obin s on and his father have been establi s hed as watch and clock makers for many years w as the po s t o ffi c e N athaniel L ister being Post Master I cannot fix the date nearer than this — that it w ould be after 1 8 1 0 and b e fore 18 15 A t that time L o n don letters were brought by horse mail round by Worksop and the rider fired h i s pistol at the Market place to notify his arrival There was then only one letter carrier for the whole town — a female who lived in L ee croft and she carried the letters in a small hand basket cov e red with a whit e napkin ,
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H I GH S TR E E T
68
W RAGG
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I think her name was T aylor We mu s t not consider her dutie s to have been light simply from the small ness of the town It was the p r ice of the po s tage that w as the cause LEONARD : I find recorded o n the 1 7 th D ecember 1 8 1 9 the death of Thos Taylor of L ee croft aged 7 4 He had bee n f o r upwards of thirty years the pri n cipal letter carrier in this tow n and the obit u ary notice bestow s on him a warm eulogy I presume your female letter carrier would be h i s da u ghter T aylor was the publisher of the Antiquities of Tw rs s ” She ffield an early attempt at topography to which is added an account of the ce r e m o n y of laying the fou n dation s tone of the In firmary The impri n t i s She ffi eld printed for an d sold by T T aylor N o 7 L ee Croft an d may be had at the Po s t O ffice ; A an d E G ales in the Hart s head ; Slater Bacon and C o S n ig Hill It h as no date but it mu s t have bee n p u bli s hed about the end of the last century Taylor was accustomed to go i n to the countr y with a newsman s horn s elli n g newspapers W RAGG : A t that tim e a letter to or from L ondon co s t tenpence Suppo s in g the po s tage w as to be rai s ed to this s u m now we s hould n o t s e e the prese n t n u mber of letter carrier s I n travelling now a person can go to L ondon or anywhere el s e whenever he thi n k s proper by r ailway ; n o t The n he would go to the coach O ffic e a S O in coachi n g day s few day s or a week befo r ehand to be s peak a s eat an d depo sit a part or the whole of the fare When he went to L ondon s o m e per s on or pe r s on s invariably tur n ed up to as k him as a partic u lar fa v o u r to take a letter to drop in the po s t o ffi ce at the place of hi s desti n atio n Many people di s covered friend s they did not k n ow of b u t for thi s On e manufacturer had letter s enclo s ed in h i s to other man u factu rers to save the co s t of po s tage A bout a ce n tury back — nay e v en le s s time —i t w as c o n s idered more da n gerou s to reach L o n don than n o w A u s tralia A t that time a you n g man j u s t out of his ti m e who bought a top coat would wear it as long as he liv ed an d then one of his s on s wo u ld wear it for year s The r e was then no Old cloth worked up into new — the stu ff w as s tro n g an d durable E VERARD Yes things are greatly changed WRAGG The other part of Mr R obin s on s shop was Mr Sa u n der s auction mart before he removed into the premi s e s in E ast Parade n o w occu pied by Mr B u s h Mr Saunders :
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H I G H S T REE T
70
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H u tto n s yard L ater he had a room at a High str e et confectioner s nam ed B otha m W RAGG : A nd abo u t here too earlier was the s h op of N athan An drews the watchmaker mu r dered by Frank Fearn in 1 7 8 2 B ut I s hall have more to s ay of this murderer when we get to a n other p a rt of the tow n There i s so m e que s tio n however as to whether his victim s shop was in High s treet or i n Ch u rch st reet I had the impres s ion that it w as at the top of E VERARD the O ld Haymar ket abo u t the middle of the street by the new Po s t o ffic e r u n ning down to Sheaf street T W IS S : An d I h av e the belief t hat it was in F ar g at e o ppo s i t e t h e O ld R ed Hou s e LE I G HT ON : A nother High street worthy who had his shop here clo s e to the thoro u ghfa r e into Hart s head sti ll called H aw k s w o rt h s ya r d was Mr G eorge Hawk s worth q u ite a gentle m an i n po s itio n an d manners He was accus t o m e d t o le n d his fa m ily plate for the adornment of the Cut le r s fea s t s of those day s He w as one of the founders and for many years o n e of the p r i n cipal di r ector s of the original ny The u n lucky scheme for erecti n g the Com g as c o mp a m e r ci al Building s (now Me s s rs L e v y s ) for a po s t O ffice new s roo m an d office s w as of his origi n atio n The buildi n g was s o ld by the mortgagee and the s ha r eholders got about 1 s 6 d f o r each £ 2 5 s hare Mr Hawk s worth had The Hill s o n the G ri m e s tho r pe road for h i s co u n try house and was di s ti n g u i s hed for h i s s u cce s s ful gardeni n g T W I S S : G o s ling s plan 1 7 3 6 i s the chief aut h ority for sayi n g that High s treet was for m e r ly called Prior gate and it i s p r obable that he r eabo u ts w as the Priory It w as s aid in 1 8 00 The r e ar e n o remain s of the Pri o ry an d its exi s tence can o n ly be kn ow n fr o m old deeds an d the right S ide of High s t r eet co m i n g from the market still retai n ing among ” the O lde s t i n habita n t s the name of P r ior row LEONARD P r etty n ea r ly e very yard bra n chi n g out of High street h as a hi s tory of i t s o w n an d there are or hav e bee n q u aint old place s in the m little heeded by the pa s s er by ” There is the O ld G rey Ho r se for i n s ta n ce which one of our local t r aditi o n s rep r e s e n t s as having been the re s ti n g place o f Ki n g Joh n when o n ce he pa s s ed through She ffield T W IS S It i s s i m ply a t r aditio n The hou s e was perhap s is now the property of the family of t h e G i r dler s LE I G HT ON I n Wil s o n s tobacco shop w as the circulating l i brary kept by Mr Woollen — low and g loomy —w hich g av e ’
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H IG H S T REE T
71
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You n g S h efli eld of tho se days the opportunity o f reading the ” ” O ld E nglish B aro n the Mysteries of U do lph o and the Ca s tle of O tranto for free libraries were not T W I S S : I have an idea that H aw k s w o rt h s yard was once called Trippet s yard James Woollen the stationer who died in 1 8 1 4 married A nn Trippet H i s daughter Mrs Wade afterwards had a circulatin g library in West s treet LE I G HT ON N ext door li v ed Mr C an do w the la s t leather breeches maker Then there w as Mr Colquhoun tinner and brazier who afterward s became e n gi n eer to the new G as Comp any for m ed in 1 8 3 4 A dj oining his workshops was the malthouse o f Mr Thomas Wreak s who se s ister kept a toy shop in front which was the n 3 5 High s treet O ppo s ite th e e n d of G eorge s treet w as Mr No w ill S o n ce Kippax and No w ill He was the merchan t and man ufacturer who built the Freemason s Hall in Paradi s e sq u are ; and he erected for him s elf a house at E ast B ank and planted the line of tall poplar tree s on each s ide the road s till to be seen there He was succeeded in his S hop by Mr James Craw s haw father of Mr Crawshaw n o w regi s trar for the She ffi eld We s t district ” LE I G HT ON The Blue B ell S ho u ld not be passed with out mentio n i n g i t a s one of the old p u blic hou s es o f the town W RAGG : I n the s hop of Mi s s Fi s hbour n e was Mr O wen , the draper a leadi n g We s le y an during many years A daughter of his married the Re v J R attenbury afterwards Pre s ident of the We s leyan Conference O n e of his son s was the first to attempt to trade a s a merchant to A u s tralia E VE R ARD : The j eweller s shop of Mr Charles Younge was that above the Star Inn gateway It has been in various hand s lately but i t s pre s e n t occupant i s Mr Hyam tailor O n t h e other S ide of the gateway w as Younge and Ri m i n g t o n s bank Then came the draper s S hop of Cowen and D i xon W RAGG : Mr Tho s Cowen w as one of the early teachers O f the Wicker Sunday School after w ards in A ndrew s treet ; and Mr D ixon married fir s tly one of the s i s ters o f the lat e Mr R obert Waterhouse and secondly A n n e daughter of Mr Jo seph Cowley an eminent Wesleyan who was a manu facturer in Pi n s t o n e street M r Cowley s daughters A nne E lizabeth and Sarah are i m mortalised in many of the writ i n gs of Mr Jo h n Holland b aCh e lo r poet recently deceas e d (D ecember LEONARD : N ext below now p art of Mr W h e elan s cloth shop (N o were the premises to which the I r i s office w as “
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H I GH S T RE E T
72
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re m o v ed i n 1 8 2 5 by Mr Black w ell after he had purcha s ed that paper from M r Mo n tgo m ery I n 1 8 3 2 the late Mr R obt L eade r s u cceeded Mr Blackwell i n the occupatio n remo v ing thither the o ffice of the I n dep e n den t fr o m 3 0 A ngel street The pri n ti n g o ffic e w as afterward s i n M u lbe r ry s treet in the buildi n g that — origi n ally a fact o r s wareho u se — became the p r eachi n g room of the ea r ly Methodi s t s after their chapel in Pi n s t o n e lane had bee n destroyed an d their place of worship in Union street abando n ed E VERARD M r E ve r itt i n h i s hi s t o ry of Methodism in ” She ffi eld giv e s an accou n t of the per s i s tent an d ru ffian ly per s ec u tio n to wh ich the per s on s who atte n ded that chapel were s u bj ecte d B ut that w as a h u n d r ed years ago W RAGG : A t t h e botto m of the s tr eet was Mr R obert Car ver woolle n d r ape r o n e of the s i x tall m e n of the town LE I G HT ON : Wi t hout touchi n g the Market place for the prese n t we n o w cr o s s the s treet an d take the place s of bu s i ne s s on the left ha n d s ide goi n g toward s the Pari s h Church There we s trike an other p es t o ffice s ite little cha n ged S ince the day s whe n M r William Todd the founder o f the h igh Tory S hefii e ld M e r c zn g pre s ided ove r the a r ri val an d despatch of mail s LEONARD He had remo v ed fr o m Market s treet (where he had begu n the M er cu r y i n 1 8 0 7 ) in 1 8 1 1 and he w as ap p ointed Po s t m aste r May 1 8 1 5 LE I G HT ON : I n the pas s age bet w ee n Me s s r s Cutts S utton and So n s s h o p an d that u ntil lately Jack s o n s toy shop we u s ed t o wait for letters Mr T o dd w as a ge n tlema n ly l o oking m an w e re b r eeche s an d black s ilk s tocki ng s ; but he got deeply i n to the book s of Pa r ker Sho r e an d Co m pa n y s B ank an d di s appea r ed Mr G eorge R idge succeeded him in the owner s hip of the M cr ea r y (1 8 2 6 ) and re m oved it to h i s shop i n Ki n g s treet then the third from the A ngel street corner an d Mr Wreaks was at t h e s ame time appointed to the po s t ma s ter s hip an d the Post Office w as removed to the lower corn er of N orfo lk s treet and A r u n del street now a tinner and brazier s s hop b u t thence it was in 1 8 3 5 brought back into High s treet to the Commercial B uil di n gs already mentioned The shop of Mr Cooper co n fectioner was the next a bov e Todd s a curious old gabled place built with beams and baulks the upper story proj ecting right over the causeway I have s een the ti m e w he n a load of hay has stuck fa s t and been unable to pas s the proj ecting gable Mr Cli ff had a rope and twine s hop abov e COOper s ,
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THE
T W ISS
S T OR Y O F
Hi s
ALA B A S T ER T O MB
THE
73
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rop e walk was up West street by the Hal lam s h i r e Hotel public hou s e an d on t h e po s t o f the yard adj oining that hou s e might v ery recently be read the words ” Cli ff s R ope Walk H i s daughter married Mr W m Ou t ram cabinet maker al s o o f High s treet ; and their dau g h ters married into se v eral well k n own She ffield families ” LE I G HT ON : The pre s ent gla s s fr o n ted Clarence Hotel and Tu rn ell s spirit s tore s hav e suppla n ted (for the wor s e picto ri ally) the anti que pre m i s e s s o lo n g occ u pied as a dram shop up to 1 8 3 9 by Ward an d B awer and then for many year s by G eorge B awer alone The e n ha n ced rent requi r ed of Mr Bawer was too much for h i s re s ource s an d he e n ded his long tenancy u n fort u nately It i s a tho u sa n d pitie s that the fro n tage was not s e t back to the level of the Ston e ” Hou s e in thi s t h e n arrowe s t part of the High street It was not for wa n t of e ff orts on the part of the Town Trustees that this w as n o t do n e T W I S S : When we were talking about the O ld Church yard mention w as m ade of the a laba s ter s tone or as it u s ed to be called an d thi s part of High s treet remi n d s me of its hi s tory T here w as he r eabout s an i n n to which one night an u n known tra veller ca m e The bedroom allotted to him had be s ide s the door co m m u n icati n g with the la n di n g an unu s ed door which had fo r me r ly opened u po n the yard behind bu t at a co n s iderable ele vatio n abo v e it The t r a v el ler aro se during the nigh t and s o u ght t o lea v e h i s room but h e got to the wrong door forced it ope n s tepped out an d falling to the gro u n d w as killed A ll attempt s to a s certain his name or to comm u n icate with h i s frie n d s failed ; but he had a con s iderable s u m of money i n h i s po s s e s s io n s o a handsome tomb s tone wa s erected o v er hi s na m ele s s g rave which unwritten tomb s t o n e yo u m ay s e e to thi s day near the chancel door The top marble slab has as you all know been broken It is a part of my sto ry to add that the frac ture wa s done i n an attempt to rifle the tomb of the trea s ures that were popularly believed to have been buried with the unknown stranger W RAGG : The old Stone House now occupied by Me s s rs Prest wine merchants and as o ffices must have a history I should like to know it T W IS S : It has a hi s tory but who shall tell it " I for one have be e n u n able to reco v er the clue O n the hopper of the spout at the back of the house are the initials and :
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W hat do th e s e signify and how ar e they ,
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H I GH S T R EE T
74
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be read " E lmsall " Marriott " I cannot tell Th e house was at one time in the pos s es s ion of the G reaves family (of Page Hall ) To them it came through the Clays who m ay have got it from the E lm s alls O r one may speculate on i t s being a Marriott through a co n n ection between them and the G reaves fam ily Its builder must howe v er re m ain a my s tery until so m e fu rther light i s thrown u pon the s ubj ect I n later but s till di s tant years it wa s in the po s s e s s io n of the Wat s o n family who al s o had a pu bli c h o u s e i n Wat s on s walk They p ut into it the g r andfather an d grandmother o f Mr Stirlin g Howard o n e of whom had I thi n k been in their s ervice E VERARD : This brings the Stone Hou s e within reach of my per s onal me m ory When I w as a little boy it w as kept as a very re s pectable wi n e an d S pirit me r chan t s s tore with a large co u ntry trade by M r s H o ward her hu s band havi n g d i ed i n 1 7 8 5 Her s o n the late Mr Thoma s Howard s u c c e e de d hi s mother o n her death in 1 8 2 2 The other s o n the late Mr William Howa r d w as bro u ght u p to the S ilver p lati n g bu s ine s s an d his s o n Mr Sti r li n g Howard in du e time j oi n ed him u n til they retired from bu s in ess Mr Thoma s Howard will be r emembered by you all in h i s later days liv i n g i n the little cottage near The Hills and fi n i s hing his career in the Stamp O ffi ce A fter him Mr John Porter (father to Mr Joh n T aylor Porter s u rgeo n ) took to the bu s ine s s i n the old St o ne Hou s e Mr P r e s t j oined him as partn er succee ded to the bu s ine s s and tra n s ferred it to his s o n by whom it is now carried o n LEONARD : Between Mulberry s treet and G eorge street ” but e n tered by a pa s sage from High s treet is the V ictoria ” inn formerly the Bay Childer s which w as kept by Tho m as A mo ry who died in 1 77 2 an d by his wife after him There may be n o better opportunity than this of noticing the recent stoppage of the Old thoroughfare acro s s the yard at the back of the V ictoria leadin g fr om Mulberry st r eet i n to G eorge s treet NO doubt the name of the i n n was cha n ged about the time of Her Maj e s ty s acces s ion There was a Bay Childers in Bridge street also which disappeared about the same time T W IS S : I am not sure that you are correct in saying that Mr A mory kept the Bay Childers I have alway s under s tood that it was the Blue Bell Howe v er i n fr ont of what i s now the V ictoria where are the shop s of Mr G ray saddler and Mr Tr avell clothier there was in the last ce n tury a saddler n amed H e ald H i s daughter married in 1 77 6 a workman o f f
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H I GH S T R E E T
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her father s Joseph Cecil who afterwards through some pro perty left to him became L ord of the Manor of D r o n field W RAGG : The s hop at the lower corner of G eorge street was occupied in 1 7 9 7 by Mr C aesar Jones druggi s t a well known citizen of his day Two doors above G e o rge street Thoma s Hardcastle publi s hed the S h efii e ld C h r o n i c le in 1 8 3 7 8 That s hop w as afterwards o ccupied by the late A lderman Saunders when he dealt in m u s ic an d mu s ical i n s truments and it i s now ab s orbed i n the china shop of Me s s r s Parkin formerly for many years kept Mr R iley who had before that been a grocer at the co r ner of Meadow s treet an d A llen street T W IS S B ehin d that was an old buildi n g where in 1 7 9 7 li v ed William L ee a cordwainer The yard was i n tho s e days ” called Truelove s ya r d no doubt fr om the fact of the True love s keeping a lock s m ith s s hop there up to at lea s t 1 8 1 7 Maria Truelove being the la s t M r L ee w as a freque n t visitor at the B ay Childer s p u blic ho u se an d w as much given to betti n g —s o in v eterate i n deed w as the habit that whe n on h i s way to D o n ca s ter race s he s aw a vehicle in front in which were h i s wife and only son s wayi n g violently ” he called o u t F i ve t o fo u r that o ur Ji m s killed The late Mr William I bbi t t made a s ketch of a v ery old fir e place in one of the b u ilding s here — whether that in which M r L ee — n n a li ved or not I ca ot s y but doubtle s s it wa s o n e of the Old High s treet houses erected before uniformity of fro n tage wa s cared for It is a large Open brick fir e place with large carv ed s tone front supported by pillar s for j ambs I belie v e that in the Old days there was behi n d this place a croft ex ten ding to what is now N orfolk s treet and that i t belonged to the Waterhou s es who are b u ried i n the Parish Ch u rch Mi s s A nn Waterhou s e who died (G at t y s Hunter p in 1 7 8 7 w as the la s t lady in the tow n who wore the onc e fa s hio n able hoop s Her capaciou s s kirts co u ld not be s teered into church without some di ffic u lty and the hoop s which expanded them were de s tined to be the bender of the kite of Thomas Howard then a boy Her brother the R ev R obert Waterhouse who died in 1 77 8 left a s mall legacy to Marmaduke Wreaks p eruke maker High street an d b e rus t s some money in t for B arbara Wreak the u e at h e d q mother of Mrs H o fl an d The father of the A nn and R obert Waterhou s e mentioned was Henry Waterhou s e a solicitor in exten s ive practice in the town w h o died in 1 7 1 9 LE I G HT ON : A celebrated firm wa s that of G reen an d Pi ck s lay on th e s it e r e ferred to j ust now as subsequently th e ,
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H I GH S T R EE T
76
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Po st o ffice and more recently L evy S x They w e re perhap s the first and most exten s ive ironmongers in York s hire and were noted for a peculiarly excellent cast s teel which they called Peruvian Mr G reen was a gentleman fond of field s ports and having the en t ree of very good hou s e s B ut he had to giv e his great friends long credit an d w as n o t the man to ask for payment so that the ine v itable end resulted and Mr G reen came to poverty He w as a fin e looking man an d wore a w i g I r emember him sayi ng to me If ever you s ho uld become bald Mr L eighto n never ” wear a wig ; I have regretted it ever s i n ce I bega n one A nd well he might ; for when he took off hi s wig I never saw a more splendid head tha n he di s played The b u s i n e s s was afterward s (i n 1 8 2 8 ) carr ied on by Pi ck s lay Appleby and B ertram O n the lower side of the e n tra n ce to Mr N ichol son s (once B ardwell s ) auctio n room i s the s hop of Mr Harri s o n ho s ier It w as in rece n t days Mr Jo s eph Pearce s bookseller and there he s tarted the S h effie ld D a ly T e leg r aph in 1 8 5 5 afterwa r d s remo vi n g to the other S ide of the s treet where L i t t le w o o d s s tay shop formerly was and where the paper is still p u bli s hed T W IS S Hereabouts at the clo s e of the last ce n tury was Mr G eo Brown druggist who was the owner of the pre m ises in the Hart s head occupied by Montgomery and the Mis s es G ales L E ONARD : We learn from o n e of Montgomery s letters written from York Ca s tle that the annual re n t of the pre mises w as £ 2 7 3 s and in another letter (May 9 the poet suggests that Mr Brown shou ld be a s ked to fu lfil a pro mi s e to pai n t the front of the shop and hou s e before She ffield Fair ; adding I think if Miss B e s s y [ G ales] would call upon ” Brown she could wheedle him into it T WI S S : Mr Brown w as the great grandso n of the R ev Cuthbert Browne curate of A ttercliff e and assistant mini s ter at the Pari s h Church from 1 6 6 2 to 1 6 7 3 Mention i s m ade of him by Hunter (G at t y s edition p 4 1 3 ) as h avin g come to great poverty The fami ly i s related to that of R eve l and its present representatives are claiming the R evel estates LE I G H T ON : A bove Bardwell s passage was S n i dall the watch maker well known not only in the town but on the trout streams of D erbyshire Then came Thos Cooper grocer a Quaker and the father of Mr Cooper of N eep se n d tanner W RAGG : He was s p e cially celebrated for making the best c an dl e s in th e town -
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H I GH S T RE E T
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with the elbow b e nt and I thought h e s e emed ve ry long in measuring it A person on the other side of the street at York street corner was watching the operation and seeing him laughing I lo oked round and found that t he old man had fallen fast a s leep E VERARD : I too have seen Mr Fo ster who was a very stout m an fall a s leep whilst seated on t he hampers of S OI dier s clothes They stoo d on the edge of the pavement and there Mr Foster sold their cont e nts so lon g a s he could keep awake W RAGG : Th e re are various points about High str e et that need elucidating if only some one could do it Where for instance was the Crooked Billet yard said to hav e been the residence of T hos Wild who wa s credited with having made the knife which stabbed the D uke of B ucki ngham " (G at t y s Hu n ter s Hallamshire p T W IS S : There can I believ e be no doubt that th e yard so called w as that at the top of High street runnin g between Me s s rs Cubley and Preston s druggist s S hop and the ” Thatched Ho u s e Taver n It is n o w called Fo ster s Court LEONARD : An d where wa s the S ig n of the C o ok opposite which was the pri n tin g O fii c e of Revi l H o m f r ay publisher of that early She ffi eld new s paper H o mf r ag s S h efi eld Wee k ly ” " Fra n ci s L i s ter who began the S h efii e ld IVee klg J ou rn a l near the J o u r n a l A pril 2 8 1 7 5 4 de s cribed his o ffi ce a s ” Shambles and opposite the Cro s s D aggers and we know that the Cro s s D aggers wa s o n the site of or behind Mr Colley s shop in the Market place In A ugust 1 7 5 5 Re vi l H o m f r ay who i n the previous year had circulated in Sheffield a new s paper printed in D onca s ter an d called the S h efii eld We ek ly R eg i s t er o r D o n cas t er F lyi ng Po s t advertised tha t he had bought the J o u r n al of L i s ter s widow and he con h i s printing o ffice opposite to the t i n u e d to i s sue i t from Where was this C o ok in the High street T W IS S : I do not know w here the Cock was but I think I can throw some light on the Mr Simmons bookse ller one of the p ersons of whom it is announced the J o u r n al can be bought but that must be when we speak of the Market plac e E VE RARD Which let us postpone until our next meeting ,
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C HAP T E R V TH E M ARKE T
PLACE
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KI N G S TREE T , ANGE L S TRE E T
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S cene— Me s s r s Tw rs s ,
LE IG H TON an d EVE RARD are di s c o vered as To the m en ter s Mr LE ONAR D t h e g ue s t s o f M r WRAG G in tro du cin g a n ew m em b e r o f the fellow ship Mr JOH N S O N a t o wn s m a n of m iddle ag e .
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1 873
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and first as to the shop s facing the Shambles from the bottom of High street to the Hartshead passage T W I S S : I will attempt now to ful fil the promise I gave when last we met The property on th e site now occupied by Messrs R ichards an d Son t ailor s w as formerly — 1 6 0 7 1 6 2 1 —i n the hands of the Blythe s who were yeomen at N orton L ees Johan Blythe married Tho s Bright yeoman of Brad way and s ur viving her h u sban d tran s ferred this property to her third s o n James a mercer in She ffi eld ( See G at t y s Hunter pp 4 1 7 and 4 1 4 note ) N ow Thoma s Bretla n d was a grocer occupying a part of this property and N evill Sim mon s or Symmond s s tationer and bookseller wa s al s o a tena n t and married B re t lan d s daughter He has been called the father of She ffi eld bibliogr aphy The name which he bore appears on publications in s u ch di fferent parts of the co u ntry that it i s i m po s s ible to avoid s ome confusion ” N ote s and Querie s 3 r d S V ol iii p B ut it (See seems probable that he wa s a native of She ffield since h e wa s married here and buried in the Pari s h Church (di e d 1 7 th J u ly B ut either he or another man of the same name w as a bookseller in L ondon O ne of his daughters Mary married the R ev Timothy J Ollie of the Upper Chapel and he had son s N e vill and Samuel The for (1 6 8 1 mer died before his father but the latter wa s also a bookseller in Sheffield and possibly succeeded his father in the Market place I strongly believe that he wa s po stmaster and most ” likely he was the Mr Simmons bookseller in Sh effield one of the person s appointed to receiv e subscription s and adv e rtisements for H o m fray s newspap e r N ow for o ur old Market Place ,
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80
TH E
M A RK E T PLAC E
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L E ON AR D : A nd I have always und e rstood that h i s w as the bu s iness to which Mr John Smith bookseller of An gel street succeeded T W IS S : A t the same time that the Blythes held the pro perty of which I have been speaki n g the Ro lli n s o n s belonged to that next below it where Mr Jone s i s now R obert R ol linson he who improved Barker s Pool and who died in 1 6 3 1 had h i s s hop here ; his son Thomas R ollinson succeeded him and the family continued in possession of the property thro ugh out the greater part of the last century L E I G HT ON : S eventy years ago an d more Mr R ichards S hop wa s kept by a hatter S amuel D aniels James D aniels his nephew succeeded him but he did not pro s per in bu s ine s s There was a well known discou n ter here — Franci s Wright E veritt At that time the shop of Mr B rook es hosier was a circulating library kept by T homas Cockburn Fir s t above the Hart shead entrance w e re Thomas and John Willey drapers (afterwards Willey an d Judd ) W RAGG : In the shop of Mr Jones who removed ther e from King street w as a n other draper named Cooper I am sorry to say he failed in bu s ine s s ; and it w as not a ca s e of mere pla s teri n g and whitewa s hi n g as ban kr uptcies are at present for he w as neces s itated to e n ter the workhou s e He ro s e to be the gov ernor and w as a ki n d and co n siderate man — not like many who havi n g had to endure ad v ersity try how har s hly and cr u elly they can treat others Ther e were a f e w o ld s hop s here that would p erhap s resemble those still remaini n g at the top of High street now occ u pied by Messrs Foster Cooper an d Sh i lc o ck ” LE I G H T ON The G eorge I n n i s uncha n ged ; it is now j ust as it was fifty or sixty years ago whe n kept by Mr an d Mrs L awton whose property it was They did well at it At that time too t h e s h Op below Mather s was as now a hatter s on e of the very few hat shop s i n the town Whit e ley s The dr u ggist s shop below n e w kept by Mr R adley i s unchanged too It was a d r uggi s t s then kept by Mr G i llat t A t the corn e r of Change A lley was Mr R obert Wiley f ather of the late proprietor of O ld No 1 2 He died in 1 8 2 5 W R AGG : He was a draper The son Thomas was for some cause discarded by the family ; but subsequently after pas s ing through many vici s situdes he became a wealthy man and a helper of those who had once de s pi s ed him J O H N S ON What an in s titution Wiley s window m e anin g O ld N o 1 2 —was " It was almo st a substitute .
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C
HAN G E ALL E Y
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for the daily pap e rs o f the present time A ll or nearly all the events of the day were chronicled there — the deaths from cholera the debates in Parliament the e le c t i o n s an yt h i n g I remember going do w n daily o u t of the ordinary course during the debates on the first R eform B ill to get the names of the speakers for my father LE I G HT ON : M r W i ley displayed gr e at enterprise and mad e wonderful exertion s to get his news Ye s when E arl G rey re s igned Mr Wiley J O H N S ON showed his public spirit by having the S u n new s paper express sent to him The news travelled from L ondon to She ffi eld — in 1 435 hours a great ad vance on 1 8 0 6 whe n the n ews of the death of Mr Pitt took three days to reach She ffi eld Mr Wiley died O ctober 1 4th 1 8 5 1 T WI S S Cha n ge A lley I believe was fo r merly the s ite of a bowling green ; and I somehow a s sociate the name with the L ondon R oyal E xchange The Web s te r s who had a house there and i n the Park (w ith which they became connected through the marriage of L eo n ard Web s ter cutler with the widow of o n e of the W r ight s of the Park ) had relative s in L ondon ; and possibly in this may be fou n d a glimmering of the origin of the n ame The su m mer hou s e formerly s tand ing o n the ridge of the Park w as built by L eo n ard Webste r a s a study for his son afte rw a rd s the Re v John Webster who was senior wrangler and se n ior chancellor s medali s t i n .
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175 6
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LE I GHT ON L e t us j ust take a p eep i n to Change Alley i n the liv ely days when coaches were comi n g to an d going fr om ” the Kin g s Head then kept by B illy Wright He was one of the old school of la n dlords and had univer s ally a good name Mr Wright drove the first coach from She ffield to G lossop and I had the honour of sitting behi n d h i m It was entering a country which had hitherto been s c ale d to all but a few S port s men The first view of Win Hill and the five miles of the Woodla n ds fr om As h o pt o n to the Snake is one of the mo st beautiful drive s in E ngland and can never be fo rgotten O n that day the sun shining brightly the j ovial coachman the splendid greys the cheery notes of the bugle heard for the first time in those solitudes caused the blood to dance merrily through the veins of all that goodly company and was a p ortion of the sunshine of life ’
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h o rn
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82
KI N G S HE A D ’
TH E
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A nother of my coaching experiences from the
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King s Head was taking my seat more than fifty years ago for L ondon and f o r years afterward s I could remember all the di ff erent town s o n the ro u te B ut I will not dilate now on t h e plea sure s of travellin g by coach W RAGG : Your friend Mr Wright was not such a mod e l character as you think About half a century ago t h e coach was about to s ta r t but was overloaded and Wright ordered two additional horses to be put to telling one of his men to get ready to ride po stilio n When he was ready Mr Wright co m plained how long he had be e n wh e n the man replied h e had been as q u ick as he could The master without more ado began to horsewhip him T he passengers and lookers o n cried shame and after more delay another man was s e nt inst e ad T W I S S We can trace back the occupiers of the King s ” Head for a long series of years S amuel Tomp son who died in 1 7 1 6 had held it He I think had married the widow of Mr D ickenson a previous occupier and father of the R ev Joh n D ickenson an as s i s tant mini s ter at the Parish Church an d curate of E cclesall from 1 7 5 2 to 1 7 6 6 Mrs Tompson took a third husband Mr R ichard Yeoma n s from B u xto n who when he brought D erbyshire produce to market had been acc u s to m ed to p ut up at the King s Head He died in 1 7 2 9 and the house in 1 77 3 i s described as occupied by He n ry Hancocks The next year we fin d it tenanted by James Kay or Key and he kept it for nearly the remainder ” of the century A fter him came Billy Wright who reti r ed fr om the management in 1 8 24 and was succeeded by Mr Wm Woodhead a name which brings us to modern time s He married the da u ghter of Mr Wright E VERARD The Sh e p at the lower corner of Change A lley until j ust now occupied by Mr Stables is perhap s the oldest in the town and the only one now remaining with a proj ect i n g gabled fro n t When I was a boy it w as kept by Mr N ewto n brother to the Mr N ewton of the fir m of Porter and N ewton i n King street O n a certain o ccasion this buildin g and it s residents had a narrow e scape from de s t ru c tion Mr N ewton had lately got a fresh apprentice out o f the country and one eve n ing at dusk the boy went to fetch s ome goods out of the s toreroom which was the garret taking in s tead of a lantern a lighted candle in his hand O b s ervi n g that he returned without a light Mr N ewton asc e rtai n ed that not only had he committed this indiscretion ,
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TH E
OLD
M A RK E T
PLA C E
83
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but that to make t h e m at t er worse having n o candlestick he had stuck the candle in what he called a barrel of rap e ” seed R ap e seed exclaimed Mr N e wt on why there ” is none there It then in a moment s truck him that it must have b e en left burning in a barrel of gunpowder " A S life or death an d destruction hung on every moment s delay Mr N ewton w ith that prompt and decisive courage with which some men are inspired on perilous occasions immediately without saying another word went up the stairs and on arrivin g in the garret there saw the lighted candle stuck in a barrel of gunpowder containing sufficient in quantity to have blown down the house and p erhap s the ad j oining property Treadin g as s oftly on the floor as po ssible in order to avoid an y s hake which might sen d a s park from th e wick he then very carefu lly got the ca n dle between the second and third fingers o f the one hand and placin g the other hand beneath to catch any falling sparks he slowly drew it out of the powder and carried it down stairs Thi s h azardous feat wa s accomplished before the i n mates below were aware of the extre m e p e ri l in which they had been placed The courage coolnes s and pre s ence O f mind which had hitherto possessed him then gave way under a s en s e o f the frightful da n ger that had bee n incurred and pr o vi de n t i ally escaped This NO wonder that he swooned away account Mr N ewton gave to my grandfather with his own lip s LE I G HT ON We must not forget to conj ure up once more the di ff erent scene presented aforetime when this now deco rous triangle was really the Market Place fenced rou n d with posts and chain s The corn market wa s still held here up to 1 8 3 0 when the present Corn E xcha n ge w as Opened A ll the vegetable s were thr own in the middle o f the st reet by — loads The corn market was held fir s t till twelv e O clock I think ; then the market keeper rang a bell an d the vegetable market began The B arkers — there were three of them little men in top boots — an d other shoemakers were accu s t o m e d to bring wooden sh e p s and fix them up ; an d other people used to have baskets of di fferent things B e s ides that it was a regular market for fi s h and everything el s e O ld Mr Cade quite a celebrated man kept a book stall bv the right hand gateway W RAGG Yes James Cade was well known He resided ” in the King and Miller yard N orfolk street In his lifetime he was always considered to be a man of some wealth but it was not so ; he wa s one of those very goo d '
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84
M ARK E T S T ALL S
TH E
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m en
that we hear of now and then in whom every person feel s s ure he could place implicit con fidence but on who se death the public and their friends fin d to their sorrow that they have been deceived N ot only did Cade not die a r i ch ” le s s than nothing for his debts m an but he was worth I am sorry to an d liabilities were greater than his e ff ects say that his character for honesty was sadly impeached as he mi s took a S ick club s mo n ey for his own He died I b e lieve about 1 8 2 9 LE ONARD (r ead s ) : A t the bottom of High street you leather m ight ha v e been accom m odated w ith a pair of dicks (breeche s ) either for yourself or prentice lad at D avenport s or have go n e for them to E llis G rant s stall at the top of the Market within the chains You wo u ld have fo u n d O ld Milly L owther s fis h stall at the top of King and Molly R awson s fi s h s tall facing s t r eet (P u ddi n g la n e ) Change A lley end ; and Billy Wright mendin g old buckles or matchi n g an o dd one facing Hart s head Then there were the old wome n with their meal t u bs with thei r: great coats and n o w an d an d leather pocket s selling meal by the peck the n a lad sayi n g D ame will yo gie me a bit 0 meal if you please Aye lad tak thee a bit N ew sho e stalls were plentifu lly arranged faci n g the front shop s at the top of the Shamble s the dealers crying N aa c an Oi suit yo w i a pair they re hoam made u n s — cum try the s e o n oi think they ll ab aat fit yo they lo o k en yore soize LEONARD : James Wills describes a S imilar scene and contra s ts the O ld Shambles which form erly were near the s ilk draper s s hop n o w the Fruit Market an d which mo st di s m al were then made of wood ,
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h e ds o f t h e s t all s al m o s t c l o s i n g F o r m e d an arch w ay f o r cu s t o m er s o u t
Th e
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am a n , of
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with the time when Ti s co m m o di o us , an d f o r m s a g o o d s qu ar e , ” ab u n dan c e o f fr u it an d p o t at o e s s o ld th e re ’
W ith
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He add s No t fi fty y e ar s s i n ce , at t h e M ar k e t W e r e t h e b r o ad s h all o w t u b s t o s e ll A n d n e ar th e m t h e s l au ght e r h o u s e B e i n g a n u i s an c e t o all w h o p as s e d -
a :
B ut
n ow,
wh o of s
h am bl e s
c an
Pl ace h e ad o at m e al f o r b r e ad s t o o d i n d i s gr ac e by t h e pl ac e
m ak e
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qu al b o as t
LE I G HT ON : The s hambles which excited his admiration (opened in 1 7 8 6 ) wer e re fronted r e roofed and altogether -
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P O S T M A S T ER S
86
P O S T O FFIC E S
AND
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we can It is not an easy task to get it complete as anyone who tries will fin d G eorge Carr po stmaster as his grave s tone in the Parish Churchyard tells u s departed this life April ye 20 t h 1 7 0 1 i n ye 6 8 t h ye ar e of his age The same stone (which would seem to indicate relationship ) records the death of his successor Jonathan T urner post master who died 1 2t h January 1 7 1 3 aged 3 6 years Samuel Simmon s was po stm a s ter in 1 7 4 2 His shop as we have s een was mo st probably in the Market Place opposite the head of the Shambles He had a salary of £ 4 3 per annum He died at Pi t s m o o r A pril 1 8 1 7 9 0 aged 8 7 Francis L ister is the next name we fin d and the dates render it quite pos sible that he was t h e s am e man who printed the S hefl i e ld IV eeklg J o ur n a l (see ante p He died in 1 7 5 5 In 1 7 8 7 Miss L ister was postmistre s s and at that time the office was in a S imilar po sition to that which I suppose it to have occupied under Samuel S immons — i n the Market Place oppo site where is now E lliott s monument In 1 7 8 2 the salary o f the postmaster had been raised to £ 5 0 p er annum and the S ingle lett e r carrier had £ 1 2 a year as wages In 1 7 9 1 R ice James was postmaster The office was r e moved to Castle street near the end of Castle green James died May 3 r d 1 8 0 0 He is buried in St Jame s s churchyard The period which follows is vague A person named Hall who died March 5 t h 1 8 1 3 was postmaster I am told at the Church G ates N athaniel L ister as I have good oral authority for saying had the post o ffi ce at the Church G ates but I cannot giv e you the dates R ichard G riffiths followed him the O ffi ce being in Church street in t h e premises now occupied by the R eligious G ri fli t h s left to become agent for t h e Tract S ociety G overnment packets at Holyhead an d was succeeded by William Todd May 6 1 8 1 5 The next week the Post o ffice was removed to Mr To dd s premises in the Market Place and there it remained until 1 8 2 8 It i s stated in the i n t ro du ct i o n to White s She ffi eld D irectory for 1 8 3 3 that the o ffice was in Mr Todd s tim e worth £ 5 00 a y e ar Mr Todd having left the town Mr Joseph Wreaks was appoint e d N ov 2 5 t h 1 8 2 6 H e re mained in th e Mark e t Plac e unti l F eb 4t h 1 8 28 w h e n .
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S H A MB LE S H E AD
TH E
87
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h e re moved to the lower corner of A run del
treet and N orfolk street O ppo s ite the A s s embly R oom s In 1 8 3 3 t he p r em i ses of P i ck s lay an d C o i n High street were pu r chased for the erection of a Post o ffice news roo m & c and thither Mr Wreaks we n t in 1 8 3 5 He died O ctober 2 5 t h 1 8 4 3 an d was s u cceeded by E lle n Wreaks his daughter In 1 8 4 5 the O ffice w as removed to the bottom of A n gel street and from thence i n 1 8 5 0 to the Market Place the head of the Shamble s There it remain ed u n til March 1 9 1 8 7 1 when it wa s re m oved to t h e top of the O ld Haymarket and i n July 1 8 7 2 Miss Wreaks re s igned and was succeeded by Mr T Maw s on the pre s ent po s tmaster LE I G HT ON : B elow Ju s tice at the t o p of the Sha m ble s were fo u r sh e p s two in the m iddle u n de r that figure an d two at the corner s I n one of the m iddle s hop s Mes s r s Thomp s o n of W e s t bar s old book s O ne B u r de n had the other as a toy S hop ; an d when he left it he we n t i n to the shop which i s now Mr R obert s carpet wareho u s e He after wards went to America E VERARD : Mr B u r de n was succeeded i n the latter shop by the R ev James E ve r itt at that ti m e o n acco u n t of his health a s u pern u mera r y Methodi s t preache r He dealt more especially i n old and curious book s He r e moved from S h efli eld to Manche s ter and kept a s i m ilar shop there On recoveri n g h i s health he re s u med h i s place in the Wesleyan body an d being eve n tually expelled was one of the chief in s trume n t s in e s tabli s hing t he ” Methodi s t Free Church B elow that S hop at the corner of Market street was a very re s pectable d r apery e stablishment kept by Mr G eo r ge Smith who o n accou n t of his diminutive stature commonly we n t by the na m e of L ittle S mith He often in the su m mer time w e re nan keen tro u sers white or light coloured figured v est an d dis played a full r u file d shi r t fro n t as he very cour t eou s ly s ho w ed the ladies into the shop he u s ually standing near the door A t o n e time he had a p art n er of the name of Mr Jo s eph Carr (brother to the late Mr R iley Carr of the G lo ssop road ) who in height was as much above the ordinary S ize as Mr Smith was below it A fterwards Mr Ri dal (who had been his apprentice ) became his partner ; an d f o r ma n y years the bu s iness wa s carried on under the firm of Smith and ” Ri dal They after w ards remov e d to the s hop at the lower corner of Market street and the business is n o w carried on by Messrs Arn i s o n and Co s
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88
SH AMB L E S
TH E
T W IS S
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There is a tradition that Mr Smith was once actually apprehended being mi s taken for N apoleon Buonaparte He died unmarried in 1 8 4 6 aged 7 7 His grandfather G eorg e Smith died ten months after his marriage with Mary G reave s and his grandmother was married for the secon d time to Samuel G lanville of whom we shall hear in connection with An gel street B ut we are digressing J O H N S ON : A t the Kin g street cor n er on t h e site now occupied by Alderman Michael B eal j eweller was the flax shop of Mr Wm Cockayne the grandfather of the pres e nt drapers in An gel street Mr Cockayne had a n umber of knowing friends who met to talk over monetary a ffairs an d chatted so much of the concerns of their neighbours that his shop was called the weigh house A ch e e s e fact or named S t o ak e s occupied the premises after Mr Cockayne s removal to a shop in A ngel street which was his own property It is now occ u pied by Mr Wat s o n druggi s t A t the Market street corner of the Shamble s head was a butcher s shop Much later these two corn ers were o ccupied by Fish e r Holmes and C o and Fisher G odwi n as seed shop s LEONARD In s ide the Shambles the butchers were the n as now in possession ; but outside there were fruit e rers stall s running down the exterior were there not LE I G HT ON : Yes Inside the Shamble s at the bottom used to be the butter egg and poultry market There was a buildin g above at the back of Mr Yo un g e s S pirit vaults supported by pillar s Up the middle of the Sh ambles were two rows of wooden shops I n the s e the inferior kinds of meat we r e s old and on both sides were other butchers shop s a s now A t the right — hand corner was a very respectabl e m an named Middleton W RAGG : Sixty years ago there were butchers in the Shambles w h o could Open their shop s first thing on S atur day morning and not have a bit of meat left by dinner time when they would close their s hop s and go home Then their shop s were worth £ 1 0 0 goodwill ; now the goodwill has quite vanished LE ONARD : Thi s description of the Shambles as they exi s ted fr om 1 7 8 6 to 1 8 5 5 gives a s good an idea of them both outside and in as we could wish The Shamble s are exten s ive and convenient being 1 0 0 yards in length an d 4 0 in breadth and having covered walks in front of the various rows of butchers stalls ; at the lower end a commodious market for butt e r eggs and poultry ; and round i t s ex t e rior :
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F R UI T
THE
VE G E T AB L E M AR KET S
AND
89
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hop s for the sale of fruit vegetables & c It is approached by several gateways on e of which opens into the market for shoes t inware & c and another into the veg e table and fruit ” market on the oppo site side of Ki n g street Wh en the last alteration s were made the whole i n terior area was cleared for the poultry butter and game dealers the butchers S hop s running all round LE I G H T ON : Th e arrangement outside the Shambles was v e ry diff erent from now D own Market plac e or the fruit market from the top to the bottom outside were sold fruit and such things This lasted until the opening of the Market Hall on Christmas eve 1 8 5 1 when the s h e p s were closed They were afterwards removed to widen the streets T W I S S : A colonnade ran all round the pillars supporting a proj ecting upper room which at the same tim e afforded protection to the sellers and purchasers below L E I G H T ON Mr N ichol s on market gardener had the centre shop in the Fruit market ; it corresponded wi th the market keeper s house on the King street side ; the others were little fruit shop s O pposite N icholson s was the old established Cross D aggers It is now converted into Mr Colley s leather shop new fronted but with the old rooms be hind still The stabling was up the yard with an exit into N orfolk street D own King street were the market garde n er s and vegetable shop s A t the bottom of the Shambles in the B ull Stake was Mr G regory cheesemonger father I think of the late Mr Jame s G regory surgeon E yre street J O H N S ON In the lower part of King street where i s now Mr Hu n t s flour shop was formerly the father of Mr John Jones before he removed into the premi s es still occupied by his son in the Market Place LEONAR D I remember the square j ust above there now represented by G ar s ide and Shaw s timber yard and Castle court where fruit and fis h dealers congregated It was ” called The G reen Market and was disused after D ec e mber s
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18 5 1
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E VE R ARD : Ah that market was formed on the site of the old debtors gaol taken down in 1 8 1 8 A curious place ,
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indeed according to our notions It was a stone building not very large the gaoler being G odfrey Fox People were incarcerated there for ridiculously small debts and often for alehouse scores The prisoners used to work at their trades and you might hear cutlers and file cutters hammering away a s if they had b ee n in th e ir s hop s F ri e nds brought th e work ,
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90
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D E B T O R S GA OL
TH E OLD
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and took it back again and also supplied the pri s oners with food LE ONARD : The debtors then made themselves tolerably comfortable E VE RARD : O h dear yes It was a queer kind of i m pr i The gaol was often thro n ged with vi s itors u n til s o n m en t n ine o clock There w as a priso n er in each roo m ab o ve an d below who solicited the pa s s ers by to reme m ber the poor ” prisoners The one abov e h ad a tin box su s pe n ded by a strin g ; an d the other in the lower room with hi s ha n d through the window held a similar box T W I S S : In 1 7 9 1 at the s ame time that Broomhall was attacked the mob destroyed the doors and wi n dow s of the gaol and the house of G odfrey Fox an d liberated the pri It was the pri s o n f o r the liberty of Halla m s hire s oners and the p r operty of the D uke of N orfolk E VERARD : There were two cla s ses of pri s o n er s the fees ” in what was called the High Court bei ng 2 5 S ; i n the ” ” L ow Court o n ly 6 d There was in addition gar n i s h 2 S 6 d for the High Court and 1 s 2 d for the L ow with which coal s candles an d soap were bought for t h e commo n bene fit of t h e priso n ers N ield in his R e marks on the ” Prisons of Yorkshire de s cribe s h i s visits to the place in 1802 There was he reported no chaplain nor any religious attention paid to the prisoners Mr Moorhouse the surgeon to the overseers of the poor attended to the s ick The High Court prisoners had a room about fiv e yard s square which had two windows looking into the street U p stairs there were fo u r room s two for men to sleep i n and one for women the fourth bei n g u s ed a s a workshop The keeper furni s hed beds at l 0 % d per week two sleepin g in a bed The L ow Co u rt prisoners or those detained for debts under 4 0 s (three months imprisonment being held to relea s e them from their debt and cost s ) had two rooms about five yards by four with a fire place an d iron grated windows looking i n to the court In these they worked and S lept which made them filthy beyond de s cription Four rooms had lately been added at the top of the house one of which was used for the women at night T W I S S : When Howard the prison philanthropist visited the place some time before it would seem that these upper rooms w e re not in existence for he r ep orted that there were only two rooms which were also us e d a s night ro o m s for debtor s of both s e xes ,
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KI N G ST R E E T L EONARD
91
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N ield adds that th e L ow Court prisoners
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found their own straw and firing The courtyard had a damp earthen floor and was about ten yards by six B oth sexe s associated together in it ; and at his visit on S unday the 1 5 th A ugu s t 1 8 0 2 the L ow Court prison e rs were busy sift ing C i n ders in it the ashes of which they sold for three shillings a load E VE RARD A fter G odfrey Fox Thomas Smith constable ” was gaoler and at the same time kept the R oyal O ak which was next to the gaol O n the gaol being pulled down he and the prisoner s removed to the premises in S cotland street formerly a merchant s warehou s e with the house adj oining as his residence Mr Jo s eph Kirk succeeded him W RAGG : Thirty years ago in one of the little market shop s that then stoo d on the site of the Old gaol was Mrs H o r s field the mother of two Unitarian mini s ters the R ev T W H o r s fie ld t h e historian of L ewes and the R ev F rederick H o r s field LE I G H T ON : Above thi s wa s the groc e rs shop of Messrs Porter and N ewton now carried on by the sons of the former who have s ince removed one door lower down Their assi s t ants are credited with the p erpetration of a practical j oke w hich became famous in local annals through a popular so n g with a j ingling chorus being composed upon it O pposite Mr Porter s shop (about where is now the King street e n trance to the Shambles ) was the hou s e of Joseph E yre con ” stabl e and market keeper popularly known as B uggy or Fussy The lively young grocers contrived to tie a rope to the market bell and one night when — the place bein g shut ” — up all was quiet and Fussy wa s placidly e nj oyi n g t h e repose to which so great a dignitary was well entitled he was startled and horrified to hear his bell his own particular ” — bell begin ringing With his dog Turk he went round the Shambles breathin g vengeance against the disturbers of his peace and when this wa s fruitless he took up h i s station by the gate assure d that the ringers must be in an d must come out that way so as to give him a chance of revenge B ut he waited in vain The bell went on tolling to the great entertainment of the crowd that had by this time collected until the s tring (which was stretched across t h e street ) at length breaki n g it fell among the bystanders and they kept up the fun E yr e at length discovered th e trick and breakin g the cord short stopped the game H ey ” T urk b e cam e a by e -word It w as writt en up i n larg e le tt e rs .
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92
HE Y , T URK
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ev e rywhere and then the following song wa s heard in the mouths of all the street boys at every corner ,
On e n ight o f l at e , at t en o c l o c k , as I w as s at r e fl ecti n g O n t h e s ac k s o f w h e at an d b ag s o f fl o u r th at I h ad b e e n c o ll ec ti n g , T o ll g o e s t h e m ar k e t b e ll , j u s t as I w as a thi n ki n g ’ I d s m o k e m y pip e an d m e rr y b e , an d e n d t h e n ight i n dri n ki n g H e y, m y do g T u r k , g o th e e an d l u r k ’ h H e o w l d w ith jo y t o h e ar m e F o r i n s u c h aw e I h av e h i m n o w , Th at b e b o th l o ve s an d f e ar s m e ’
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f e t c h t h e l an t ern an d c an dl e o u t an d s e arch w h e re I s u s p e c t e m A m o n g s t t h e s t all s an d o n th e w all s f o r th e r e T ur k m ay d e t e c t e m I cr i e d H all o y o u r e th er e I k n o w c an n o t I h e ar y o u pr at rn g 2 I ll l o c k yo u u p u n t I l t h e m o r n f o r I am ti r e d o f w aiti n g H e y m y do g T u r k g o th e e an d l u r k " F o r th o u art v e r y cu n n i n g ; I ll s t o p at t h e g at e s an d b r e ak th e i r p at e s As f as t as th e y c o m e r u n n i n g
I ll
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S i n ce B u ggy g o t m e thi s pl ac e , e ac h n ight I do u n d r e s s me ’ ’ r o S o f at I m g w n , I c an t b e n d d o w n m y fl e s h d o e s s o O pp re s s m e ’ O n e n ight , w h e n th e y d pu t m e t o b e d, a ro s e a m ighty s q u abbl e Th e y c all e d m e u p ag ai n w ith s p e e d t o g o an d q ue ll t h e r abbl e I c all e d f o r T u r k an d b i d h i m l u r k , H e h o w l e d w ith jo y t o h e ar m e F o r i n s u c h aw e I h av e h i m n o w , Th at b e b o th l o v e s an d fe ar s m e ,
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b e at th e e l o v e s ay s B et t o J o e an d w o n thy g u i n e a f ai rly Th o u at e t o o m u ch p u ddi n g i n thy yo u th o r t h o u d h av e r un m o s t r ar e ly A b arr e l o f p o r t er w e w rll h av e an d d r i n k it at o u r l e i s ur e S o m e d uck s an d p e as as I w as j u s t a thi n ki n g F at J o e r e pli e s Th en w e ll agre e an d m err y b e an d e n d t h e n ight i n dr i n ki n g I c all e d f o r T u r k an d b i d h i m l u r k H e h o w l e d w ith jo y t o h e ar m e F o r i n s u c h aw e I h av e h i m n o w Th at h e b o th l o v e s an d f ears m e
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LEONARD I fail to fin d much sense in the la s t two verses and the lines limp so that there must be something wrong in A nother version run s t hem ,
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On e n ight o f l at e , at t en o c l o c k , As I w as s at i n s p e c ti n g Th e b ag s o f w h eat an d pe ak s o f m e al Th at I h ad b e en c o ll ec ti n g , T o ll g o e s t h e m ark e t b e ll j u s t th en , An d I w as s o r e as t o u n d e d , I p u ff e d an d bl e w , b u t n o o n e k n e w Th at I w as s o co n f o u n d e d I c au ght a T u r k , an d bid h i m l u rk , F o r h e i s v er y c un n i n g , ’ An d I d s t o p at t h e g at e s , an d b re ak ” As s o o n as th ey c am e r un n i n g ’
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th e ir p at es
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M ARKE T
94
S T RE E T
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T WI SS : Mr R alph Hodgkinson s father was I imagine th e first She ffield druggist He was accu s tomed to go about from town to town on market days sellin g his drug s and he wa s in King street in 1 7 7 5 1 7 9 2 when he gave up business and was succeeded by his s o n The old man lived until 1 8 1 0 in which year he died at E ckington LE I GHT ON : A t the corner now Mr M u ddi m an s boot shop was Mr Gillo t t the hatter who has already been m entioned T W IS S : B ut before this time certainly in 1 7 7 4 and even for some years earlier than that Mr Jonathan Whitham occupied that site with his watchmaker s shop his wife also carrying on a millin e ry bu s iness th e re Mr Whitham died about the year 1 8 0 8 J O H N S ON : L eaving King street w e have now to cro ss the Shambles to Market street It was here that No r t h all s C o ur an t that thorn in Montgom e ry s flesh had its birth June 1 0 1 7 9 3 but it was removed to King street March 1 1 7 9 4 and e x pired there A ugu s t 1 1 7 9 7 The M er cu ry another great trouble to the editor poet was also started in this street in May 1 8 0 7 by Mr Wm T odd afterwards post master in the Market Place who had his sho p here His wife was a s i s ter of the late M r S ch o le field M P for Birmingham ; and Mr Holland m entio n s that Chantrey exe o uted his bu s t of the R ev Jas Wilkin s o n now in the Pari s h Church under Mr Todd s roof the c u riosity the e x pe c t at i o n and the wonder of the public being largely excited during the important process of LEONARD In Market street was the manufactory of Messrs Proctor and B e ilby optician s of whom I have com piled the following account from one of the late Mr John Holland s numerous ano n ymo us papers The firm had been in Milk street on the s ite of part of Messrs R odgers and Sons premise s now ; but when the old butchers sh e p s were removed from Market s treet the firm established them selves there on the west side with workrooms and dwelling house i n front and workshop s behind The Cup inn i s there still unchanged ; but everything else is altered The principals in the firm were L uke and Charles Pro ctor natives of the town and originally makers if not actually grinders of lancets B e i lby was a Birmi n gham man and was a teacher of drawing in She ffield L uke Proctor was an a greeable man of fashion an accomplished violinist and ,
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M em o ri al
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Ch an t r e y ,
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203
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AND B E
P RO C T OR
I LE Y
95
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h e soon fiddled himself o ut of th e firm Charles a love r of music too was a quiet assiduous and successful man of busine s s writes Mr Holland and I remember how I used to look for his white wig oppo site one of the wi ndows in the old Cutlers Hall at the Feast where he sat above the salt He was a widower when first I knew him His fa m ily consisted of himself his three son s — L uke Ge orge and William — his daughter D eborah an d last but not lea s t in tho s e days his s i s ter Miss N ancy —a S harp little consequential woman who did a great p art of the familiar book keepi n g of the co n cern including e s pecially the enter O f the children L uke i n g of the men s work and wages died young G eorge went to B irmingham where he married and died ; Willi am of whom more hereafter married Miss D eaki n a s i s ter of the founder of the D eaki n I n s titution ; D eborah married Thomas a son of the original B e i lby He ultimately went to Birmingham entered i n to the stationery business and became the leadi n g partner in the well known fir m of B ei lby and Kn ott publishers of A r i s s G az e t t e Charles P r octor the head of the firm died July 4 t h 1 8 0 8 and was carried by six faithfu l workmen to his g r ave in St Paul s Ch u rch where his wife w as also buried He left behi n d h i m according to the G o s s ip s G azette p r operty to the amou n t of The concern in Market street had now reached its c u lminating period of prosperity ; thenceforth its fortunes were downward This w as apparently due to sev eral cau ses A t length the late Mr Holla n d alone was left on the premises to make as far as the brass work was concerned whatev er might be wa n ted in the enti r e An d altho u gh range of the pattern book say s he it is long si n ce I laid down and s hall never again take up the tool s of the optical i n str u ment maker I would not wil li n g ly lose the conscio u s ne s s that I could still alternate the ” cutting of a fin e screw with the using of a bad pen Mr Holland once gave an account of the more prominent work men i n this e s tabli s hment There were his father also John Holland and his u n cle A mo s who made accurate imitations of the D olland telescopes B oth lived in the cou n try and were not only bird fanciers but bee farme r s The sycamor e and mahogany o u tsides of the tele s copes were made at a wheel on the Ri ve li n by William Chadbur n gra n dfather of Chadburn Brothe r s the well kn own Opticians of N ursery street and it seems probable that his father had been there before him B e sides optical instruments ther e were mad e .
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O PT I C I ANS W ORKME N ’
96
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E x c i s em en s tinder box e s and inkpots in larg e quantities i n k b o t t le s were made of brass and were poli s hed by old D aniel V aughan a Chelsea pen s ioner who after doin g duty as a recruiting sergeant i n She ffield went abroad an d fought beside Ge neral Wolfe at Quebec His extra workboard forte was telling stories of soldier life and especially a re h e ar s al of the loyal S peech he used to make in our Market Place while a handful of spade ace guineas was kept danc ing on the drum head for the too successfu l temptation of many a mother s son Then there was B en Wright another pensioner who treddled his lathe with a wooden leg ; and G eorge H adfield not less remarkable as a toper than as a turner ; old B illy E gginton somewhat of a birdcatcher who living on the banks of the D on had secured a crested grebe John Taylor a m ember of an old Sheffield mu s ical family his instrument bein g the Fr e nch horn little Jemmy Johnson who beat the big drum in the V olunteer band Then there was D icky Hobso n a B irmingham man in s ome way related to Mrs Sally B ooth the actre s s w h o used to vi s it Sheffield with Macready and who se graceful performance with the skipping rope was s o much admire d A nother member of the V olun teer ban d was Johnny Coe a little knock kneed man who se milita r y s tatu s w as to march before the leader with an open music sheet pi n n ed o n his back He had been w ith the Proctors from the fir s t and was early em ployed by them in maki n g ring dials which some [though not D r G atty— see his L ecture to the L ite r ary and Ph ilo ” sophical Society D ec 1 8 7 2] think to have been Touch ston e s dial From C o e S account t hese mu s t have been common an d cheap enough during the earlier half of the last century They con s isted of a brass ring four i n ches in diameter O n being su s pended from the hand by a stri n g the sun shone through a small hole in the rim and indicated the time by a dot of light falli n g on the hour figure and its fraction s i n side Two of the workmen Clarke and Han cock were members of the V olunteer force William Padley was the bras s caster an d Thoma s Stovin the glass ca s ter S t o vi n s hobby was to keep cows and he did it profitably The chief of the spectacle makers was Tho m as Bird a bro ther of the well known B r i s tol arti s t of that name The bead roll would be incomplete without the names of B en ” Sayles and G rayson I regret said Mr Holland who s e words I have for the mo s t part been ad o pti n g to be unable to recollect that religion was ev e r th e subj ect of work “
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L I GH T I NG B Y GAS
98
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LE I G HT ON : D own A ngel s treet where is now Mr Carter s shoemaker there was an ob s truction in the road It was ” at the botto m of the An gel ya r d and Mr W o r m all s It for m ed the V olun teer re n dez v ou s or s hop i s part of it g u ar d r o o m an d I ha v e seen the m e n stand there to receiv e thei r le av e s It made a regular c o r n er or be n d i n the A fter Mr Peach of the Mr Walker s t r ee t ti n m a n altered it i n to i t s pre s ent form He rebuilt or new ” fro n ted the A n gel i n n W RAGG : M r Walke r occu pied the S hop that was lately Me s s r s Wil s o n an d So n s an d is now a pa r t of Mr Hovey s I thi n k he w as the fir s t m an who made drapery e s tabli s hm e n t coal g as an d it w as to be see n i n his S hop — o f course very dif f e r e n t i n q u ality fro m what we s e e now for it made great clouds of s moke He had the co n tract for lighti n g the town with oil J O H N S ON : Fo r ty years ago gas had become common in tho u gh there were ma n y to be s een without it ; s ale s h o ps b u t i t was v ery rare i n houses and rarer still in work s hop s We man aged t o s e e to r ead and w r ite with only one ca n dle but how I can n ot imagin e after bei n g accustomed to gas W RAGG I am s peaking of longer ago than that though it i s o n ly abo ut that length of ti m e s i n ce the old oil la m p s ” which u s ed to make da r kne s s vi s ible in our miserably paved di s appeared The last I believe we r e in Ha n over s treets O n e night they were all s treet an d B r o o m s pr i n g lane trampled upon s m a s hed ; their fr agme n ts m u st have been as there was not a piece left on the ground the siz e o f a six p ence so they were replaced with g as T W IS S : I have met with a record that the fir st gas lamp lighted I n She ffi eld was at the corner of Be n ja m in Walker s Ch u rch G ates on S eptember 1 9 t h 1 8 1 9 The s ame s hop authority gi v es Howard Street Chapel credit f o r ha v i n g bee n the fir s t p u blic place of wor s hip lighted by g as i n Sheffield That took place o n the 1 3 t h D ecember 1 8 1 9 Queen Street Chapel w as partly lighted o n the same e v eni n g LEONARD : I rece n tly spent s ome weeks i n a small out o f the way G erma n town am u s ingly quai n t an d pri m iti v e in There w as n o gas an d the Oi l lamp s s ome of its habit s hu n g fr om a cord swu n g acro s s the narrow street s an d co u ld be lowered by a p ulley to be lighted That experie n ce en ables m e to imagine pretty clea r ly the s tate i n which our E n glish town s m u s t hav e been before gas was invented E VERARD : Yes ; o n e must go abroad to appreciate some of the inconveniences of the old days The open gutter .
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ANG E L
THE
I NN
99
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down the middle of the street for both rain and s ewage can still be seen on the Continent ; an d the proj ecti n g s po u t s which having no fall pipe s di s charged douche s 0 11 the head s of pa s s er s by are o n ly to be fo und in hidden nook s J O H N S ON : A s Will s s i n gs ,
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b er t h e s i n k s i n t h e m id s t o f t h e s t r e et s W h en t h e r ai n p o u r e d i n t o rr e n t s e ac h p as s e n g e r gr e e t s H i s f e ll o w w i th W h at a w id e c h an n e l i s h e r e W e all s h all b e d ro w n e d I m g re atly i n f e ar
Yo u
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Ye t , w ith all th e i r g o o d s en s e s till did n o n e o f th em k n o w H o w t o light s t r e e t s w ith g as lam p s as w e h av e th e m n o w ,
W h i l e th at i g n i s f a t u us th at h un g i n o u r s t r e e t W o u ld s c ar ce ly di s co ver t h e w r e t c h w e m i ght m e e t
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L E ONARD : An d here i s a n other q u otati o n as a c o n t ri b u tion on the same poi n t The town w as then in a ve ry r u de state in e v ery re s pect it bei n g o n ly parti ally flagged with ma n y of the s to n e s loo se ; there were v e ry few lamp s an d those feeble and far apart — often not lighted or blown out There were als o proj ecting s p outs fro m b etween the gutter s of the roofs fr om which duri n g rain the wate r flowed in stream s L anter n s were di m ly s een in the s treet s like fir e flie s flittin g about Umbrellas were th en u n known A farthin g candle was s tuck i n s ome of the shop window s j u s t servi n g to make da r kne s s m ore dark J O H N S ON : Horace Walpole in a letter dated 1 7 6 0 S peak s of Sheffield thro u gh which he had pa s s ed as o n e of the foule s t town s in E ngland in the mo s t char m ing sit u atio n LE I G H T ON : The mentio n of old S am Peceh of the ” ” A ngel reminds u s again like the Ki n g s Head how with the past coachi n g day s h as di s appeared the l u s tre fr o m the s e hou s es S till at the A ngel the c o achi n g depart me n t was carried on with great s pi r it by Mr W m B r adley (of the Soho Brewe r y lately decea s ed ) u p to the ti m e that railway s de s tr oyed coachi n g The arri val an d depart u re of coache s run n i n g between L eed s an d L o n do n an d on v ariou s ” other roads made the neighbourhood of t h e A n gel very lively W RAGG : Mr Peceh kept the A ngel for abo u t thirty years In running Oppo s itio n to other coach p r o p r iet o r s he w as known not only to take p er s o n s to L o n do n for n othi n g b u t to give a bottle of wi n e i n to the ba r gai n He died i n 1 8 09 It w as h i s predece s s or Mr Sa m uel G la n ville who s e t up the first stage to L on do n i n 1 7 6 0 whe n pack hor s e s we r e ,
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A ut o bi o gr ap hy
of
the
l at e
S am u e l Ro b er t s
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1 00
S A M U E L G L ANV I L L E S C O A C H E S ’
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super s eded The followi n g annou ncement relating to Mr G la n ville s coaches appeared in the S h efi e ld Pu bli c A dver t i s e r of N o ve m ber 4 t h 1 7 6 0 and it may i n t ere s t you : N ov 2 : N otice i s hereby giv en that the L o n do n L eeds Wakefield Che s ter field Ma n s field an d N otti n gha m m achi n es on s teel s pri n g s in fo ur days s ets O ff fro m the Swa n with Two N eck s i n n i n L ad la n e L ondo n an d fr om the O ld Ki n g s Ar m s i n n i n L eed s e v ery Mo n day and Wed n e s day mor n i n g at fiv e o clock ; breakfa s t s at the An gel i n n in St A lban s ; dines at the White Hor s e i n n i n Hockley ; R ed L io n at N orthampton the fir s t night ; an d lie s at the breakfa s t s at the Three Crown s i n Ma r ket Harborough dine s at the Bull s Head i n L o u ghboro u gh ; an d lie s at the C r ow n i n n in the L o n g R ow N otti n gha m the second night ; breakfa s t s at the Swa n in Ma n s field ; din e s at the Falcon in Che s terfield an d lies at the An ge l in Shef field the thi r d n ight ; breakfa s ts at the White Bear in B arn s ley ; din e s at the Coach an d Hor s es in Wake field A nd fro m L eed s to an d lies at L eed s the fourth n ight L o n do n : Breakfa s ts at the Coach an d Hor s e s Wakefield di n e s at the White B ear in Barn s ley an d lies in Sheffield the fir s t night breakfa s t s at the Falcon in Che s terfield ; din e s at the Swan in Man s field an d lie s at the B lack a moo r s Head i n N otti n gham the s eco n d n ight ; breakfa s ts at the B u ll s Head in L oughboro u gh ; dine s at the Th r ee C r ow n s i n Ma r ket Harbo r o u gh an d lie s at the R ed L io n in N o r tha m pto n the third n ight ; breakfa s ts at the Sara ce n s Head in N ewport ; dines at t h e An gel in St Al ban s and lie s in L o n don the fou r th n ight Pas s e n gers an d parcel s are take n i n at the above place s Two place s re s erved i n each coach for N o tti n gham Performed if G od permit by Joh n Handfo rth Sa m u el G lanville and W m R icha r d s on T W I S S Mr G la n ville died i n 1 8 0 3 in the D uke of N or folk s A lm s hou s e at the age of 8 3 E VER ARD : There is a ve ry i n teresting memorial of him one of the few hei r loom s She ffi eld po s s e s s e s — i n the Mayor s Parlour at the Cou n cil Hall Thi s i s h i s p ortrait in c r ayon p r e s e n ted to the Mecha n ic s L ib r a r y by Mr B Sayle of Bright s ide an d be n eath it h i s hi s t o ry i s thu s given Sa m uel G la n ville born at E xeter about the year 1 7 20 ; entered ea r ly i n to the army and w as pre s ent as a drum m er in the battle of D ettinge n He afterwards came with a recruiting party to She ffi eld and w as billeted at the house of Mrs Smith in Church str e et ; married h e r , and aft e rwards .
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A NGE L S T REE T
02
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for thirty years He had been s u cceeded by William Pe c eh in the pre v io u s year Sa m u el Peceh i s credited with being the author of a large fu n d of shrewd s ayi n g s and i s the hero of many q u aint a n ecdote s R eproached o n ce with hav ing been origi na lly o nly a s table boy he m ade the s cathi n g retort If thou had s t been a s table boy t h o u d be a sta ble boy s till J O H N S ON : The la s t She ffield mail coach the Halifax ” Mail performed the j ou r n ey from L o n don to Sheffield in sixteen ho u rs arri v i n g here at n oon A fter thi s w as taken ” a coach called the Brillia n t s tarted about 5 a m o ff meeting the railroad at s o m e point an d reaching L o n don in I believe abo u t twelve ho u r s LE ONARD : The s culpto r R o s s i whe n a youth li ved with ” A n gel i n n He executed that h i s father oppo s ite the ” A ngel i n terra cotta which h as been blowi n g s o persi st ently on her brazen trumpet all these years withou t produc ing a sound Tw i ss : I n A n gel st r eet too w as the dr u ggi s t s s hop of M r s Ma ry Ha n dley o n e of who s e da u ghte r s became the wife of Mr Joh n Ste r ndale s u rgeo n who lived i n N orfolk s treet in the ho u se n o w occ u pied by Mi s s B arry d r e s s m aker M r s Hand ley lived before the S o rbys ti m e in the o ld ho u s e o n Spital hill j u s t beyo n d what w as afte r wa r d s the Wicker Station called i n the m ap s H allcar M r s Ha n dley w as s u cceeded in the dr u ggi s t s s hop i n An gel s t r eet by B e nj a m i n R o s e E VERARD : Amo n g s t the earlie s t of the s ilver plate manu facturer s i n the tow n w as the firm of Me s s r s As h fo r t h E llis and C o wh o s e work s were i n A n gel s tr eet u p the pa s s age adj oini n g the s ho p now occ u pied by Mr Joh n Ta s ke r the work s hop s extending so far back that some of the wi n dow s overlooked what w as at a s ub s equent time the fis h and vegetable market s it u ate betwee n Ki n g street an d Ca s tle street Thi s c o m pan y car ried on an exte n s iv e trade i n var io u s part s of the ki n gdo m They had an e s tabli s hme n t i n Pari s i n common with the celebrated We dgwood s of Sta ff o r d s hi r e their s il ver plated good s bei n g exhibited i n o n e wi n dow an d the chi n a an d porcelai n i n the other A t the fir s t F r ench R evol u tio n the m o b broke i n to the s hop an d de s troyed or stole what w as v al u able fro m which they s u stai n ed a heav y A bout the begi n n i n g of the pre s e n t ce n t u ry the pre le s s mi s e s in An gel s treet bei n g fo u nd to be too s mall the firm built works at th e top of R ed hill .
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W RA GG
3
SO UTH DEVON
TH E
Your mentio n of Mr Ta s ker reminds me that we are i n debted to the S o u th D e v o n Militia for the p r e s ence of his family amo n g s t us Mr L eighto n m e n tion ed the other day o n e of the bitter re m e m b r a n ce s the Militia left behi n d them ; s u ppo s e we m entio n s ome o f the s weet o n e s They were co n s idered a v ery re s pectable cla s s of men n o t like the generality of militia regi m ents They cond u cted them s el v es with propriety an d made them s el v e s ge n e r ally u s e fu l where they were billeted O ne of the offi ce r s Captai n Toll mar ried the daughter o f the Rev A lex Macke n zie of St Paul s an d s o beca m e p o s s e s s ed of the prope r ty at Sharrow head which he held u n til h i s death whe n it w as s old H i s wife on her death bed ad v i s ed hi m to m arry a frie n d of her s an d reco m me n ded h e r fr ie n d to ma r ry h i m Many of the men followed h i s exam ple by ma rr yi n g She ffield wo m e n ; and when the regiment w as b r oke n u p n o t a few ret u r n ed an d settled i n the to wn The father Of Mr John Ta s ker was the father of A lder m an T a s ker w as o n e ; an d h i s brother an other Willia m M e llu i s h who was also o n e of them is the only sur v ivor He worked for G eorge A ddy and S on in Pea croft until their u n fort u nate failure LE I G H T ON : The So u th D evon Militia c ame fr om that beau tiful co u n ty where all the m e n are bra v e and all the ” wome n fair which produced the gallant s e a ki n g s D rake R aleigh G ilbert Frobi s her Winter and a ho s t of others renowned in history The comma n der Colonel L ai n g was not a popular man He pro n o u n ced the word march as ” m ai r c h an d w as so ofte n reminded of it that on one occa sion he s e n t a file of his m e n into the gallery of the theatre to b r i n g one or two of the c u lprits out Thi s re s ulted i n th e regime n t bei n g ordered elsewhere T W ISS : Speaki n g of the R ev Mr Macken zie he had him s elf come i n to po s s e s s ion of the Sha r row head e s tate th r ough marriage with the niece of Mr Batty the for m er owner You will re m ember that the narrow country lane s urrounded by garde n s no w s u pplanted by the Cemetery road w as called Mackenzie Walk LE I G HT ON : Mr Macke n zie wa s one of the six men i n the tow n fifty years ago who were abo v e s i x feet high Mr Carv er who li ved at the bottom of High s treet w as another W RAGG : Mr Hutchi n s o n the coach m ake r of L adie s Walk (Porter s treet ) would I belie v e be a third He wa s so t all t h at he had a coach b u ilt expre s s ly with a rece ss for h i s legs Wa t erfall con s table would I think be the fourth :
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J O H N PYE S M I T H
1 04
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H e had the larg e st foot of any man in Sh e ffield I knew a p erson who once p ut h i s own foo t s hoe and all in s i de the con s table s shoe an d he could move it freely about in s ide I cannot remembe r who the o ther two wo u ld be E VERARD Mr Holla n d brother to the D octor certainly one of the best prop ortio n ed men in She ffield was of later ” date He kept the Ca s tle i n n at the top of Snig hill and Water lane LE I G HT ON : B e s ides bei n g tall Mr Mackenzie was al s o very strong It is s aid that on o n e occa s io n whe n painting at hi s ho u s e the wo r kme n went away to seek a s s istance in rai s ing a ladder When they got back they found that Mr Mackenzie had reared it hi m s elf LEONARD I n A n gel street (now N o n early oppo site ” the A n gel inn w as the s hop of John Smith bo o k s eller He w as a great dealer i n old books b u t h i s mi s fort u n e a s a trade s m a n was that he loved his b o o ks too well to sell them He was t h e father of D r John Pye Smith the celebrated N o n co n fo r m i s t scholar an d di vi n e who w as brought u p i n hi s father s place as a book s eller an d b o okbi n der but had s uch a greed for learni n g that at an early age he completed hi s education at R otherham College u n der D r William s and then beca m e clas s ical and mathe m atical tutor of H o merton College where he s p e n t m ore than fifty years of his life Joh n Pye Smith w as o n e of the young fr ie n ds of James Montgomery an d edited the I r i s for him when Mr Mo n t gomery w as twice in pri s on f o r w hat were the n called s edi tio u s libel s J o hn S m ith (de s cribed by a ge n tleman s till — li vi n g of the sa m e sur n ame who s ee s a re s embla n ce to him in o n e of his great gra n d s ons — as a tall thin gra v e m an weari n g s pectacle s wi t h a r ou n d horn rim ) died in 1 8 1 0 and was s u cceede d i n the bu s ine s s by h i s son i n law R obert L eader who i n 1 8 30 became proprietor an d p ubli s her of the A fter occ u pyi n g the s hop i n A n gel s treet for I n dep en den t 22 y ears Mr L eader re m o v ed to High s treet to the shop now No 4 1 T W IS S : Joh n Pye S m ith so called i n m emory of hi s great u n cle the R ev John Pye m i n i s ter of N ether Chapel from 1 7 48 to 1 7 7 3 w as born lower down i n S n ig hill o n premises we S hall come to presently adj oining the O ld Black L ion W RAG G : He was the m o st scholarly man She ffield h as produced The preface to his L atin G rammar publi s hed in 1 8 1 4 is a most ma s terly production .
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1 06
AN GE L S TRE E T
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si s ter are all i n terred at Hill top A ttercliffe Jo hn the elde s t s o n of William Cawthorn an d uncle to the poet was the first tenant of a farm in Sh e fli e ld Park where he planted a row of crab t r ees and sold the ve rj uice to the medical men of She ffield There may pe r hap s be s till so m e old m e n liv ing who remember filli n g their pockets with the crab s The la s t tree w as taken dow n about fifty years ago T W ISS : The R ev James Cawthor n doe s not app ear to have held an y livin g he r e He i s s poken of as a person who se acquired kn owledge is allowed to have been con but h i s literary talent s it is said bore but an i n s i de r ab le sign i fican t proportio n to his moral excellence W RA G G : I thi n k we have almo s t exhausted the interest of An gel street — u n le s s we recall the more modern na m e of Maugham an d are thereby re m i n ded of a shockin g accident which excited much com m i s eration Mr Ma u gha m draper who occ u pied s hop s here o n e of which i s now D ick s sho e shop was drivin g i n to town one mo r ning with hi s wife from Wad s ley Park whe n their ho r s e took fright an d they were both thrown fro m the carriage and killed This was on the 1 0 t h of May 1 8 48 T W ISS : A lthough we have previou s ly (p 8 7 ) S poken of the Po st O ffice occ u pyi n g fr om 1 8 4 5 to 1 8 5 0 the s ite below that — i n fr ont of the O ld B an k — w e s ho u ld n o t omit to men tio n it here The one storied s hop s which now sta n d there occ u py that Po s t O ffi ce s it e and befo r e the Post O ffice the trian gu lar area w as a vacant piece of ground in front Of the B ank fenced off by an iron railing ,
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M r C Ri dal m en ti o n e d NOTE t h e 1 0 t h F e b r uary , 1 8 74 , ag e d 8 0 .
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87
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L iv erp o o l
C HAP T E R V I SNI G HIL L
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WE S TB AR
AND
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Present — M e s sr s
TW I s s , LE I G HT ON , EV E R A R D , W R A G G , LEON ARD an d J O H N S ON Perio d— A D 1 8 73 .
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E ONARD
In the space where A ngel street Snig hill Castle s treet B ank street and Water la n e co n verge stood previou sly the Iri s h C r o s s We have S poken of it b e fore as havin g been removed —at least the shaft of i t — into Paradise sq u are T WI SS I have reason to believe that the Iri s h Cro ss stoo d rather within or at any rate on the con fines of t h e triangular area we mentio n ed when la st together— i n fact j u st where Mr D ixon s shop now is at the corner of Angel street and B ank s treet L E ONARD : B ank street was of course unmad e at that tim e T W ISS This locality po sses ses a very interesting a s socia tion as the s ite of one of S h e ffield s earliest printing o ffices I prize highly a series of ballads or as they are called on one of the title pages all sort s of new so n gs an d penny ” histories ; Printed by John G arnet at the Ca s tle green head near the Iri s h Cro s s They are not dated but we know from other sources that G arnet w as there at any rate bet w een the years 1 7 3 6 when he p r in ted C aw t h o rn s Per ” j u red L over me n tio n ed before and 1 7 4 5 whe n he printed a ” Co v enant agreed on by N ether Chapel He also i s s ued A new Historical Catechism by W L S P These ballads of mine answer somewhat to our pre sent street songs though more elaborate They have such titles as these The G olden B u ll or the Crafty Princes s in four parts ; The Irish Stroller s G arland The Petticoat loose G ar ” la n d The E xtravagant Youth s G arland O thers are religious publication s The dates I have given 1 7 3 6 1 7 4 5 are you will remember a few years earlier than the time (1 7 5 4 ) when F rancis L i s ter had his pr i nting o ffic e near the Sha m bles or 1 7 5 5 when R evel H o m fr ay had his O ppo ” site to the C o ok in the High street :
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1 08
WATE R
LANE HE D .
A
LE I G HT ON : O n the Ca s tle street side of Water lane in premises now destroyed for the erection of a new buildin g lived the S t an i f o rt h s — father son and grandson B oth the latter were distin gui s hed s u rgeo n s Chantrey who was a great friend of Mr William St aniforth of the middle generation had to adopt a r u s e in order to obtain a portrait for the family of the old gentlema n Mr Sam uel Staniforth However he prod u ced an excelle n t lik en e s s fi WRAGG Mr William Stan ifort h was con s idered the best operative surgeon an d oculi s t in the town S t an ifo r t h s ey e ” ointme n t was very celebrated Mr Cheney Mr C H Webb and Mr William Staniforth s en r were the first In fir m ary s urgeons and Mr William Staniforth j u n r b e came a colleag u e of h i s father in that o fficial capacity on Mr Che n ey s reti r ement in 1 8 1 2 William Staniforth the elder retired in 1 8 1 9 and died A u gu s t 2 1 s t 1 8 3 3 aged 8 3 years There is a marble medallion of him in the Board room of t h e I n firmary E VE RARD : He had a brother named Samuel a linen draper I n Ca s tle street — i n th e shop I believe aft erwards long occ u pied by Mr R oeb u ck currier He lived in the hou s e adj oinin g the shop ; hi s brother the surgeon livin g n ext door to h i m nearer Water lan e When I remember h i m after h i s retire m ent fro m bu s ine s s he was a tall thi n an d sedate old gentlema n wearing a white cravat full r u ffl e d S hi r t fro n t an d a tail In the drapery bu s in ess he would be co eval with Mr V e n n o r of High street He s pent a lar ge portio n of h i s time i n cultivatin g the flowers and fruit s of his garde n which w as a lar ge piece of ground e n clo sed with high brick wall s oppo s ite Mr B ailey s gates at B urn G reave i n what w as for m erly G rime s thorpe road He might often be met i n the su m m er time in the Wicker walking home s low and s tately with a la r ge bouquet of flowers or a s mall ba s ket of fr u it i n h i s ha n d LE I G HT ON The Ca s tle I n n still occupie s it s old po s ition at the othe r corn er o f Water lane O B ri en the Ir i s h G iant had rooms there an d recei v ed Vi s itors He used to light h i s pipe in the streets by takin g o ff the top of the lamps J o e s y E yre the co n s table in s i s ted o n e n t erin g O B ri en s room without payme n t by virt u e of his office but when he wi s hed to retire O B ri en refu s ed to allow him to do so u n le s s he paid the alternativ e o ff ered to him being an exit thro u gh the win dow F u s s y cho se the more ignominiou s ,
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H o ll an d s M e m ori al s ’
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Ch an t rey ,
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1 68
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S NI G H ILL
110
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but at that tim e h e w as a p artner in the firm of B ower and B acon type founders in the N ursery j ust by Messrs Chad burn s wheel in what is now N ursery street They were th e first type founders in She ffield an d one of the earliest firm s in — the province s at any rate there was no n e other at that time nearer than L ondon Mr H A B acon married the niece of ” N eddy Furnis s the shoemaker in W e s t b ar green an d with her obtain ed a comfortable fortu n e Mrs B acon sur vi v e d him changed her name a second time to that of Briggs and is still living O ne of her daughters married Mr A tkin formerly a draper at the bottom of A ngel street (now s on Mr Hovey s ) and the other Mr Barlow of R awmarsh T W IS S : We have now traced thi s newspaper to all it s location s —Snig hill A ngel street High street (with Mul berry street ) corner of B ank street and Snig hill and lastly B an k street S O that it has not wandered many hundred yards L E ON ARD : The premises standing n e ar the bottom of Snig hill on the right j u st before the street makes the gradual bend towards N ewhall street shame their neighbours by their antiquity There we see again the gable s the small windows and inconvenient low room s that u sed to be th e cha racteristic s of S h e fii eld architecture T W IS S : You mean the hou se now divided in occupation between Mr Jone s butcher and Mr Samuel Parker Hall cutler LEON ARD : Yes and the narrow gable above which is a fruiterer s betw e en them being the lower premises of a hair dresser T W IS S The hou se I S peak of is the last before the street bends and it must have a curious history but I have not been able to get at it There is a fin e broad staircase going right up to the top There i s a tradition that it was once an inn — the S n i g h or Snig and hence the name B ut you will say— what is a S n i g h or S n ig " It is an old Saxon name for the eel and daring philologist s connect thi s with the water at the bottom of N ewhall street A nother derivation you know attempts to connect the nam e with the steepness of the declivity which neces s itated the application of a s nag or brake to w heeled vehicles descending it L E I G HT ON : At the bottom of Snig hill the uncle of Jonathan Marshall u sed to keep an iron and steel shop He left his nephew a good sum of money with which he set up the s t e el conv e rting bu sin e s s in M ills an ds and died enor -
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B R O WN H O S P I T A L
TH E
111
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rich He and B enj amin R o se the druggi s t of A ngel street were great compa n io n s They both had plenty of money but they walked to D onca s ter race s rather than hire a hor s e Mar s hall had freque n t lo s s es for hardly a n ybody ever failed but he w as a creditor It didn t matter however for he and the Walke r s of M as b r o were the only people i n the steel trade so they had it an d all it s great pro fits to them s elves E VERARD : It was in the service of Jo n athan Mar s hall that the progenitor of the great firm of Thoma s Firth an d Son s acquired that practical s kill as a s teel co n v erter which he handed down to his s o n and which w as the chief cau s e of the first s ucces s of the firm H i s s o n be s ide s bein g with Mr Mar s hall w as before he started in bu s in es s for him s elf with the Sander s o n s L E I G HT ON : Standin g with its s ide to N ewhall street and facin g M i lls an ds is H o lli s s Ho s pital or as it u sed commo n ly to be called Brow n Ho s pital built on the S ite of the fir s t I t s histo ry i s to be found in D i s s e n te r s chapel in the town H u nter s Halla m shir e ; but the in scription on the N ewhall street s ide over a blocked up doorway may be recorded here for altho u gh there s eems to be no pre s e n t pro s pect of its obliteration when such things do di s appear the r e i s no re coveri ng them m o u s ly
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Thi s H o s pit al F o r s ixt e en p o o r ag e d I n h abit an t s o f S h effi e ld o r w ithi n t w o M i l e s r o u n d it An d S ch o o l f o r fi fty child r en w ere f o un d e d by Th o m as H o lli s o f L o n d o n Cu tl er ,
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1 7 03 ,
An d f u r th e r en d o w e d by h i s S o n s , Th o m as H o ll i s , 1 7 24 , an d J o h n H o lli s 1 7 2 6 , An d r e b u ilt m o r e co m m o di o u s ly by t h e T r u s t e e s , 1 77 ,
Whi le almo st everyt hing e lse round here ha s chan ged this buildin g remain s the same clo s e to bu s y thoro u ghfares an d yet a s it were removed from them Stepping down here o n ly a few yard s from the noi s y s treet s ha s to some extent the effect of getting into a Cathedr al clo se LEONARD A t the bottom of N ewhall street are the o ffice s erected s ome years ago by N aylor V ickers Co They o c ” cup horse dyke in which lad s u sed to y the s ite of the O ld bathe and paddle and where the street waterin g carts wer e filled E VE RARD
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T OMMY HOTB READ
112
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“
This part of B ridg e str ee t wa s cal le d Und e r ” ” ” the water or T under watter and Th e Isl e was w here T ennan t s brewery now stands In Water lan e were some — trough s or rather a well hence the name L E ONAR D : Was it not hereabouts that the celebrated ad venture O f Tommy H o t br e ad took place W RAG G Yes Tommy H o t br e ad took his name from calling hot cakes halfpenny rolls on a morning A t that time sixty years ago all the S prin g knife cutlers were knock kneed from bein g underfed and had long arms from the peculiar ma n ner in which they worked ; but Tommy was worst of all and since he wa s a little feeble old man besides it was as m u ch a s he could do to walk let alone taking any on e into custody B e sides he had an imp e diment in his speech O ne night he was fast asleep in his box near N ewhall str e et when some fellow s leaving a public hou se c arried it and Tommy into the g o i t in M ills an ds O n Tommy awaking and ob serving the water in it he said B e me t h o u l there s a ” He then cried out to his j okers who were waiting t h o rm ” an d on discover At h i h t an c e gentlemen to see the result i n g his true position h e threaten ed it is said that if they did not get him out he would take them into cu t hdo dy LEONARD The story is told in several different forms and with su n dry variations O ne account makes Tommy s watch box to have been n ear the Castle Inn facing up A ngel street A ccordin g to this v e rsion the watchman did not wait to b e in the water before he awoke but as he was being carried down Snig hill box and all he roared out vigorously If yo do an t ” thet me doan o le t ak yo all up The grinders however , went straight a head and placed the box in the mid dl e of the horse dyke n o t the g o i t as Mr Wragg said T W ISS The version given in a note in Mr John Wil son s e dition of Mather is that the j okers were a party of scissor grinders who had bee n at a trade meetin g at Mr H i n ch liff e s the G reyhound G ibraltar and they on peeping into the b o x at the bottom of S n ig hill found Tommy asle ep O ne of them ” went to borrow a clothes line which some good woman had left o ut at night and with this cord they tied the watch man in his box and bore him o ff notwithstandin g his shouts This account agrees with Mr Wragg in makin g the g o i t the scen e of the immersion Mr Wilson tells another practical j oke that was played on H o t br e ad by the workmen of H o ly W i lk i n s o n and C o when he was sellin g fruit in Mulberry street They called to him out of the win dow for some apples and made W RAGG
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1 14
WE S TB AR
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Queen street chapel school room ; and subsequently in Queen street oppo s ite the chapel E VERAR D : It I s a little curiou s and very creditable that sons of both Wild and Waterfall beca m e bank man agers WRAG G : Tom Smith whom I hav e n am ed sub s equently kept t h e Blu e B e ar in W e s t b ar an d afterwards the R oyal O ak Kin g street He accum u lated con s iderable wealth but Hin chliffe h i s s enio r a fellow con stable an d fellow pub ” lican the father of Je m m y Queer w as not so s u cces s ful He e n ded h i s days in the Shrew s bury Ho s pital His family appear s to have been in the sci s s or trade for mo r e than a ce n tury o n e of the m Mr R obert Hinchliffe havi n g produced the first pair of han d polished S cissors in 1 7 6 1 The story is that he was i n duced to attempt to L EONAR D m ak tr t h e m in order to ingratiate hi m s elf i n the a ff ection s of the f t e rw ar ds became his wife mith and Hin chliff e were the proprietors of the en fu r ther on from which the present street take s it s name LE I GHT ON The Blue Boar had bee n Mr Hagger s house with a coat of ar m s over it and S m ith n ew fr o n ted it O n — the s ide n earest S n ig hill now the three S hop s between Woollen s an d R aby s was a g r an d hou s e belo n ging to Mr N or r is — Sammy N o r r is he was called There were step s leadin g up to it an d the work s hop s of N orris who was a razor make r were up the yard behin d He w as Ma s ter Cutler i n 1 7 77 N orris had two so n s an d o n e dau ghter Catherine who married R ichard Ince a solicitor at W i rk s worth o f whom came the late Mr T N In ce of Wakefield The elder son of Mr N orris married the da u ghter of the R ev James D ixo n vicar of E ccle s fie ld The younger s o n Thomas became a clergym an and wa s for some time chaplain to the Forces an d died at Chelsea i n 1 8 1 6 W RAGG The case of old Mr N orris was a very sad one He traded to G erman y an d o n e year by great exe r t ion s took an u n u sually large stock of razor s to L eip s ic fair expectin g to reap the due rewa r d of hi s e ff orts In stead of cu s tomer s to the fair came the French i n vadin g army the city w as fired an d Mr N orris it was said had to secrete him s elf I n a pig stye The di s a s ter ruin ed h i m for n otwith s tanding the commi s era tion of his c r editors an d the p u blic h e never recove r ed his former po sition He died an inmate of the Shrewsbury Ho s pital July l 6 t h 1 8 1 7 -
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E ARLY T RA D E AD VE NT U R E RS
115
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L E ONAR D : I have j ust a S hade of doubt whether it was the old gentleman or the son Thoma s who went to L eip s ic for although afterwards a clergyman the latter w as at one time in his father s bu s ine s s It is certain howe v er that it was the old man who died in the Shrews bury Ho s pital LE I G H T ON : On the oppo site side of W e s t b ar up a pa s sage the father o f the late Peter Frith b egan bu s in es s as an Optician 7 0 years ago He pro spered devoting him s elf more to the fan cy branches than his competitors and saved a large sum of mon ey The father of old Mr O akes the tobacco ni s t still living in W e s t b ar three doors from the corner of Col s on street had a meal and flour shop on the sam e (south ) belongin g to the lat e B e nj Wither s S ide of the street father The rent was £ 9 per annum ; it has s ince been re fronted and i s now occupied by Mr B arlow saddl er and a tobacconi s t at a very much higher rental A t the cor n er of Colson style w as Mr D e n ton grocer of Fox hill He was it sm o o r brother to the late William D enton of P LEONAR D O ld Mr O akes who h as been mentioned is 8 6 years old yet he relates that W e s t b ar has not greatly altered in his lifetime I n the part of it nearest to S n ig hill the buildin gs are much the same though mo st of the S hop s have been refronted LEONARD W e s t b ar had the honour of producing the first She ffi eld manufact u rer who ventured to open direct bu s in es s communicatio n with L ondo n The story i s thu s told A bout the middle of the last century Mr Fox of W e s t b ar h e who built the lofty hou se s near We s t co u rt in one o f which he afterwards lived and Mr Samuel Fowler i n the other — was the fir s t person to undertake a journ ey to L on don for the purpo s e of selling his wares It was necessary to go o n foot an d before s tar ting he made his will an d gave a large farewell party to his friends N othi n g that his wife or friends co u ld s ay to him could dissuade him from en c o u n teri n g all the fatigue haz ard an d di ffi culty of t h e j ourney He started on foot carryi ng his trea s ure on his back The first day he walked a s far as Mans field where he rested for the night The next day he had to wait until a s u fli ci en t number of travellers met together to Venture acros s N otting ham forest o n account of the numerou s robbe r ies that were co m mitted on traveller s there and al s o because of the i n t ri cacies of the road He reached N ottin gham in safety and ultimately he reached L ondo n sold his goods to his s at i s f ac tion and obtained plenty of orders for more His example ,
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S PE NC E
116
B ROU GHToN.
follow e d by oth e rs who w e nt u pon simi lar busines s but this is believed to have been the first instance of personal in tercourse with the metropolis E VE RARD : B usiness journeys must have been made to L ondon earlier than that though doubtless they would b e great and rare occasio n s A n ance s tor of my own in the cutlery trade went up I believe in the reign of Queen Anne and I have a copper plate e n graved by my great grandfather to perpetuate the memory of that event W RAG G : I n N ew street lived Spence Broughton who was hung and gibbeted on Attercliffe Common in 1 7 9 2 for ” robbing the mail cart there He was says Mr O akes w h o remembers as a boy six years old seeing the gibbet post being made by a man named G regory i n the N ursery a fin e fellow standing six feet high The Sunday after he was gibbeted the road through Attercliff e wa s one mass of people going to see the wretched spectacle It seemed as if e verybody from She ffield and R otherham and all around had gone to Visit the scene LEONARD There is non e of the uncertainty which attaches to F rank Fearn s g i bb e t po s t i n connection with the ultimate destination of Spen ce Broughton s A few years ago — i n May 1 8 6 7 large crowds were attracted to the Yellow L ion in Clifton street Attercliff e Commo n to see an upright piece o f solid black oak 4f t 6 in long and 1 8 i n square fixed in an d pas s in g through a mas s ive framework l 0 ft long and 1 ft deep firmly imbedded in the ground The po s t was bolted to this latter This relic was found by a perso n n amed Hol royd while making excavatio n s for cellars Opposite the Yello w L ion and I suppose there can be no doubt that they were the socket and lower part O f the gibbet po s t put up in 1 7 9 2 the upper part having been cut away and removed some years before I am not aware what became of them J O H N S ON : The fragment of the po st is still kept at th e Yellow L ion T WIS S : It was Mr He n ry Sorby of Woodburn who took down the gibbet when the land on which it was erected became his property His chief motive was to p ut a stop to the inj ury done by trespassers visiting thi s relic of a bar barou s cu s tom I suppo se he mu st have c u t it o ff in stead of takin g it up out of the grou n d The gibbet was depo sited in his coach house where I saw it I am not clear what afterwards became of the po st but I am under the impression that it was u s e d for a beam in a cottage and that it was re w as s oon
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1 18
WE S TB AR
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dissipation , through Vice and infamy , on thy part unchang e d A h , f e e l that I was to think friendship could exist but with .
i tue Had I listened to the advice thou hast so often given me we had been a family respectable and respected but it is past That advice hath bee n s lighted I am doomed to an ignominiou s death an d thou and my childre n horrid thought " to i n famy To thee alone I tru s t the education of tho se ill fated creatures whom I n o w more than ever love and weep for Warn them to avoid gami n g of every description that baneful Vice which has caused their father to be s u spended a lo n g and la s ting spectacle to feed the eye of curio s ity Teach them the ways of religion in their early years Cau s e them t o learn so m e trade that bu s in ess an d tim e may occupy the mind and leave no room for dis s ipation When seated round yo u r wi n ter s fire whe n the little i n n oce n t s i n qu ire after their unfort u nate father tell the m gaming w as hi s rui n he neglected all religiou s duties ; he ne v er con v ersed with his heart in solitude ; he s tilled the upbraidin gs of con s cie n ce in the company of the lewd and pro fl i g at e and i s hu n g on high a sad and dismal warn in g to after times I see thee em ployed while tears trickle down that face which I have so ill deserved A dieu my E liza adieu for ever the mornin g appears for the last ti m e to these sad eyes Pleasan t would death be on a sick bed aft er my soul had mad e her peace with G od With G od I hop e her peace is made He i s not a G o d of all terror but a G od of m ercy O n that mercy I rely an d on the in terpo s ition of a Saviour May my tears my penitence and deep co n trition be acceptable to that A lmighty B eing b e fore whom I am S hortly to appear A dieu my E liza adieu farewell the pen falls from my hand and slumber overtakes me the next will be the S leep of death Fare w ell Yours in love S P EN C E B R O U G H T O N T W ISS : It is a touching letter and I see no reason to doubt it s authenticity WRAGG : There u sed to be some little shop s at the bot tom of N ew street which have bee n rebuilt A great guinea buyer lived at the bottom of that street He let in Walker s bank for a large amount and as that was followed by the burn ing down of the cotton mill it was a bad year for them A t the top of Hick s lane was Wilkinso n a tooth drawer A mi s er named Smith liv e d n e a r, th e b e ginning of v r
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DR
GE O RG E CALVE RT H OLLAND
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1 19
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who s e wealth was receiving compensation for a boy who wa s killed in a coalpit In N orth street was 7 0 years ago D aniel Hemming who worked for Spurrs the cutlers He was the first man who invented oval S hields for pen knife handles J O H N S ON : N ew street boasted the po sse ssion of one of the town pump s it still s tand s in the bend up the street WRAGG O n a part of the site of the Surrey Mu s ic Hall (still s tanding in the r u in caused by the fire in 1 8 6 5 ) was the u n cle of the late D r G C Hollan d To his trade the D octor wa s at fir s t brought up and as a youth he might be seen there maki n g wig s E VE RARD : G eorge Cal v ert Hollan d was too rema r kable a man to be pa s s ed o v er with a mere mention o f that ki n d The per s e v erance which e n abled him to triu m ph over the di s ad vantage s of a lowly o rigin the scholar s hip which he s n atched by hi s own hard ind u s try the ro m antic tho u gh painful vici s s itude s of hi s life an d his ge n ial perso n al presence alike poi n t to h i m as an ill u striou s figure in the history of Sh e fli e ld duri n g the earlier half of the pre s ent century I do not k n ow that his phy s ical bearing can be better hit off than in the appreciativ e biographical sketch which appeared in the I n dep en den t at the tim e of his death Ma r ch 1 8 6 5 I should j ust like to read these se n tences from among others : The gracefu l courte s y of the m an the courtly k i n dli ness of his greeti n g and his n ever faili n g refinement of thought expre s sion and bearing ma r ked him wherever he was a s one who de s pite h i s humble li n eage had recei ved fr om N ature herself an d under her own ha n d an d s eal the pate n t of a ge n tleman His great acq u ire m ent s as a s cholar were bor n e witho u t an y of the scholar s pedant r y His arduous labours as an author whose work s ar e characterized by rare originality of thought did not i m port into hi s ma n n er s an y tai n t of the litera ry churl R ever s es of fortu n e that would have cru s hed a m an of les s powerful an d le s s acti v e intellect had no p ower either to crush or to sour him His ph i lo s o phi o spirit s tood by him through his decli n ing hea lth and ruined fortunes The sentient marble of which he was moulded was of all too fin e a grain to receive any stain from extrin sic surroundings and when his duties as a public man called him to sit i n an as s embly notorious for the irri t ating acrimony and o ff ensive coarseness in which some of its mem b e r s indulg e d h i s unruffie d urbanity and unaff ected e leganc e .
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1 20
H OLLAND
DR .
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never f ail e d to exhibit him in admirabl e relief a s one who could better brook insult than brook the idea that any word or action of his should be unworthy of a gentleman and a When circum stances w ere against him h e ro se s cholar su perior to circumstances Tho s e even whose acquaintance with him was of the slightest will think of him with mo st respectful regret His full grey eye and thin intellectual face that spoke before his tongue could speak it a cordial greeting will live in the memory of hundred s who were privileged with h i s acquain tance an d who felt i n his society that when a man is moulded and tempered and endowed like him the advantages of worldly circumstance s are but as the tin selled rags which the s u perSt i t i o u s hang u pon the image s ” of the saints in a misj udged a t tempt to do them honour LE I G HT ON That i s an admirable description of the man I should like much to have my rem e mbrance of the othe r parts of that notice revived E VE RARD Mr L eon ard showed it to me and I doubt not h e will read it to us LEONARD I w ill chiefly give yo u tho se parts which sketch D r Holla n d s perso n al hi s tory Hollan d was born at P four years ago (this you will remember i t s m o o r S ixty — was written in when P i t s m o o r wa s an outlying hamlet and salmon were speared in the then clear waters of the D on His father a sawmaker , worki n g with Kenyon and C o gave the boy a fair education The lad was not pre c o ci o u s He wa s happily for h i s future di s tinction a child delightin g in boyi s h sports and ma n ifesting no S pecial apti tude either for learning or books N obody su s p ected him of superior ability nor did he suspect it himself A t an early age he was apprenticed to an uncle whose humble but honest busin ess we need not indicate ; suffice it to mention that it was a business of small pro fits and quick return s an d one which gave young Holland a fin e opportunity for the study of physiognomy and for observing the remarkable variety which exi s ts in the s ize and formation of human head s In the olden tim e s the p er r u qu i er was often a little of the surgeon — i n modern times even he sometimes lapses into the a n cient trade — and the boy who was to become an accomplished physician m ad e his first approach to the profession through the antique gateway A t S ixteen an accident led him to test his me n tal powers O ne Sunday morning he was taking a walk wi th a companion who told him he had composed a hymn and wh o r e ad th e v e rs e s t o hi m for th e purpo s e of o h .
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1 22
W E S TB AR
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pare him self for taking his de gree as D octor of Medicine an d to E dinbu r gh he we n t He s pent three year s in that city makin g great p r ogress in h i s st u dies an d becomi n g ao q u ai n t e d with an d e s tee m ed by the mo st rising men of the U n iver s ity From the modern A then s he r emoved to Paris where he dilige n tly pursued his stu dies i n a n ato m y phy s i ology an d patholo g y S e n s ible of h i s vantage as a m an of letters he pre s en ted him s elf i n Pari s before the exa m iners for the degree of B achelo r of L ette r s an d was per s onally ex am i n e d by the e m ine n t G uizot who be s towed on him S pecial praise for h i s intimate acq u ain tan ce with the cla s sics A fter s pending a year i n Pari s he r etu r n ed to E di n bu r gh where he completed h i s st u die s an d Obtai n ed h i s diplo m a as M D with great e cla t He then commenced practice i n Man che s ter became an active me m ber of the learn ed bodie s in that city an d made ma n y fr ie n d s a m o n g men of scie n tific an d literary emin e n ce We have th u s t r aced the s aw m ak e r s son from the s chool to the s hop— fr o m the S hop to the s tudy— and from the s t u dy to the exa m in atio n i n which he earn ed the ap l au s e of the gifted p r ofe s s o r s O f the Sorbonne and we must p now briefly s ketch hi s profe s s io n al life You n g G C H o llan d now M D an d B achelor of L etters did n o t remain l o n g i n Manche s te r H i s youthful s u s c ept i b i li t y w as wo u nded by a malig n a n t allu s io n i n one of the local pape r s to h i s h u m ble an tecede n t s and he mo v ed for a while to E din b u rgh where he pur s ued h i s expe r im ent s an d re s earche s for h i s fir s t phy s iological work A n E xperime n tal In quir y i n to the L aws of L ife A fter co m m ittin g this i m portan t work to the pre s s he ca m e to She ffield an d co m The flatterin g r ecep m e n c e d practi s in g i n h i s n ative tow n ti o n h i s book met with i n the medical reviews an d the public pre s s r ai s ed him i n the estimatio n of h i s town s m en and in the co u rse of a few year s h i s practice b r ought him in about D u r i n g thi s ti m e he w as elected one of the £ 1 4 00 a year phy s ician s to the I n firm ar y— often lectured before the mem bers o f the Mecha n ic s In s tit u tion —was an active member of the Philo sophical Society and beca m e its president At the fir s t borough election he was chairman for Mr T A Ward an d at the second borough election he appeared on the hust i n g s for Mr S B ailey that gentleman havin g perso n ally declin ed to contest the borough again O n all these occa sio n s D r Holland di s played great activity of min d and often ro se to a pitch of eloquence which surpri s ed his contempo raries an d threw their oratorical e ff orts into the S had e ,
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DR
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G C H O L L AND .
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D uring the agitation for the repeal of the Corn L aws the D octor made the s eriou s mistake of j oining the Protectionists .
He became o n e of the lecturers and had a di s cussion with Mr A ckland i n the Theatre of thi s tow n He had al s o a discu ssio n with the veteran Free trader Mr William I bbo t Thi s erratic course alie n ated the s o n in the same place D octor from ma n y of his old frie n d s b u t the farmers around D o n ca s ter ackn owledged h i s brillian t ser vi ces by prese n tin g him with a p u r s e co n tain in g 5 0 0 guinea s Whe n the railway spec u latio n com m e n ced i n 1 8 43 the D octor we n t i n to it with all the spi r it of h i s sanguine n at u re an d with con s ide r able s u ccess He was chair m an of s e v eral compa n ie s an d a dir ector of man y mo r e He w as al s o a director i n the She ffield an d R etford B a n k an d of a n other at L eed s Unlike some other S peculato r s he held h i s s tock too lo n g The cra s h came and with it a writ fro m the L o n don and W e s t m inster B ank for He had the n give n up h i s practice an d w as living at Wad s ley Hall i n the s tyle of a cou n try ge n tle m a n He w as dri v en in to ban kruptcy and retired to a small cottage n ear Wo r k s op u n til h i s a ff ai r s were settled The r e in poverty an d di s tre s s he wrote h i s Philo sophy of An imated N at u re a work which he always con s ide r e d as h i s be s t He the n t r ied his fo r tune i n the m etr o polis an d altho u gh a ge n tleman i n m a n n er s an a u thor who s e wo r k s had r eceiv ed the highe s t complime n t s from the highe s t autho r itie s o n the q u e s tio n s of which he had treated he w as lost in the mode r n B abylo n and morti fied at h i s ill succe ss he retu r n ed to Sheffield i n 1 8 5 1 O n his ret u rn to hi s n ative tow n it told again s t him that he cou n te n a n ced and partially p r acti s ed homoeopathy Homoe o pathy wa s heresy and the orthodox i n medici n e like the o r thod o x i n div i n ity look coldly on the heretically wicked In deed it is to be fea r ed that an i n dependence of mi n d which would not permit itself to be trammelled by routin e an d a temperam e n t which r e t ai n e d to the la s t the spec u lative and s a n guine ca s t of hi s youth did m uch to impede that practical recognition to which h i s extensive attainme n t s and brillia n t natural powers e n titled him Indeed a s hade of sadne s s comes over u s when we thi n k of how much he ha s do n e for h i s age and h o w little the age has done for him We c an cou n t our doctors by the thou sand but whe n we are called upon to bury the author of The Philo sophy of An imated N ature we are remin ded that men so amiable so learned so gifted and so pas s io n ately fond of curious r e s e arch are public ben e factor s whos e thought s do not ,
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1 24
ME LL ON F AM I L Y
TH E
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p eri s h with them an d whose labo urs e n title them to b e r e garded as the philanth r opi s ts who bequeath to the world n o t silve r an d g o ld i n deed but the matu r e fruits of the i n t elle c t with which they were endowed D r G Calvert Hol la n d forme r ly Pr e s ident of the Hu n terian and R oyal Physical Societies E din b u rgh B achelor of L etters of the University of Pa r i s author of An E xperimental Inquiry into the L aws of L ife Inquir y i n to the Prin ciple s and Practice of Medici n e The Physiology of the L iver and Spleen Th e Vital Stati s tics of S h e ffie ld The Philo s ophy of the Movi n g Powe r s of the B lood The Philo s ophy of A nimated N ature an d a little library of other works of the same high clas s was n o ordin ary m an His address wa s worthy of his appear a n ce hi s bearing became his reputation his reputation realized mor e than co u ld even have been a n ticipated from hi s youthful promi s e and the o n ly thin g to be reg r etted is that when laden with ho n o u rs and with years he did not reap a ” greater material reward LE I G HT ON Tha n k you I have enj oyed that much for it i s all very true WRAGG : R obert Holland the sawmaker became at a late perio d of h i s life after the m an n er of so man y She ffi eld ar t i z an s the landlord of the Blue B oar which has already been mentio n ed G eorge Holland his brother built the property at the top of Hick s la n e J O H N S ON : I n Hick s lan e lived a family that for several rea s on s mu s t be noticed — the Mello n s Michael Mello n the chim n ey sweeper w as well known ; his grand s on Henry Mellon gav e u s a remar kable i n stan ce of a selfm ade man ; while the ro m antic s tory of one of the family becoming rai s ed to the peerage as D u che s s of St A lban s i s too good to be i l lo s t Mr H o l an d tells u s that he was unable to remem ber the s treet in which Michael Mello n s rhyming in v ita tion to cu s tomer s was h u n g o u t on a swingin g s ign board Whether M ellon b u t he fa n cied it was True L ove s G utter ever lived the r e or not he was certain ly a t one ti m e a character in W e s t b ar with his bow legs and h i s habit s of in s obriety li v in g as I hav e s aid in Hicks la n e The g r av esto n e i n the Ch u rchyard which Mr Holla n d mentio n s i s o v er his wife Sa r ah who died the 6 t h O ctober 1 8 0 7 aged 42 There is some li t tle v aguene s s as t o the rela t i o n s h i p of Har r iet the actre s s who is said to have ri s en so high in the world to this chimney sweep bu t the proba ,
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1 26
R EV H E N RY
TH E
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M E LLON
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’
E VERARD
It seems to me that Henry Mellon s career has s omethi n g in it much worthier of family pride than this ill matched allia n ce with the ari s tocracy and this relative who would n e v er ack n owledge the pit from which she was digged nor lend a helpin g ha n d t o tho s e who were still flo u nde r ing in it But Henry Mello n did without her tho u gh her persis tent refu s al to notice his application for the help necessar y to obtain a univ er s ity train in g w as a great di s appoin t m e n t to h i m T W IS S That he s u cceeded by self help is all the more t o h i s c r edit an d adds a n o ther to the emi n e n t pupil s who have co n ferred ho n our upon the She ffi eld Boy s Charity School E VERARD : The s o u rce of the followi n g s ketch of He n ry Mellon s career I ha v e already ackn owledged Mr Collier tells u s that Michael the wit and public character begat John and John a good steady m an who followed his father s ” trade begat He n ry i n 1 8 1 8 H i s father dyin g early the boy was placed i n the Char ity School His studiou s ne s s and love of learn in g m ade its m ark and he became the head boy He w as on leavin g app r e n ticed as S ilve r s m ith to Mr Sa m u el R obert s the great patro n o f that s chool b u t du r in g his appre n ticeship he s howed a s trong eccle s ia s tical ben t teachin g in G arde n s treet S u n day School and hel p ing the clergyme n at the Pari s h Ch u r ch at the S u nday afternoo n bapti s m s What was of mo r e i m portan ce he s tudiou s ly increased the knowledge already acq u i r ed devoted him s elf to Heb r ew an d ra n s acked the Mecha n ic s L ib r a ry for work s on poetr y an d hi s to r y Ultimately he became a s tude n t at the Ch u rch Mi s s io n ary College I s lin gto n ; pas s ed through the co u rse with dilige n ce an d wa s o r dain ed by the Bi s hop of L ondo n after a c r editable exam ination What a s tran ge t r a n s formation i n ” a few year s s ay s Mr Collier a chimney s weeper s child — a poor charity boy with his yellow stocki n gs an d leather breeches— an appre n tice boy with an apro n tied round his wai s t— n o w the acco m pli s hed R ev He n ry Mellon He was in every way worthy of his po s ition With an Op en ruddy co u nte n ance an d a clear brow he had a voice of fair co m pa s s a graceful bearin g an entir e ab s ence of p a t o i s in his S peech an u n a s su m ing m a n n e r an d re m arkable powers of co n ver s a tio n I shall n e v er forget when b e occ u pied the p u lpit in the ch u rch where he had s at a s a charity boy an d where I heard Tho s e who kn ew him as a h i s fir s t s ermon i n his n ativ e tow n boy an d ma n y s u ch we r e pre s ent could hardly reali s e i n the gracefu l preacher the poor lad born in the depth s of ob s c u rity ” and poverty A fter a brief mis sionary career in India where ,
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WE S TB AR W OR T H I E S
1 27
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he lost his wife the R ev Henry Mello n returned to E ngland held c u racies in Co r nwall an d O xfo r d an d e v e n tually s ettled at Wad s ley Poor fellow " H i s day wa s soon over H i s sun set early He died i n hi s 3 2 n d year and was buried in the churchyard of Wad s ley I have o m itted Mr Collier s e s ti m ate of his characteri s tic s as a preacher an d the description of h i s kee n appreciatio n of nat u re since the wor k in which these occ u r is readily acce s sible W RAGG : It i s hardy n eedful I s u ppose to recall the old Workhou s e s tandi n g o u t between the bottom of the croft or lan e to which it gav e a name an d Sil v er street Yet on e ought n o t to pa ss o v er that old an d familiar la n d m ark Of bye gone days an y more than we s ho u ld o m it to S hed a tear in symp athy with the adj ace n t pump bereft Of all it s utility ex cept as a preaching ro str u m J O H N S ON : It w as pu t up by the Town Tru s tees who wisely p u rchased the S ite of the old wor k hou s e to keep the S pace ope n W RAGG : N eddy Furniss was a W e s t b ar worthy He was a p r o s pero u s S ho emaker who left h i s prope r ty to his already S poken of as the wife of Mr H A Baco n n iece of Snig hill LEONARD N ear F u rn i s s s s hop was a celebrated ga r de n er named Thomas B u rgi n who died i n 1 8 1 9 WRAGG : He w as I belie v e the father of the late M r Willia m B u rgin the gardener who s e s hop s tood o n the s ite of Mr Sharman s groce r y S hop at the top of Corpo r ation street H i s w as the garde n n ear B r ight s ide V e s try Hall an d his the o r chard i n Harve s t la n e that was such a grand sight when its fruit trees were in blo s s om The B urgin s were a family of garde n e r s I hav e co u n ted as many as fo u r of the m i n the D i r ec t o ry publi s hed 1 8 28 On e of the b u ilding s destroyed in makin g Corpo r atio n st r eet w as the shop of the late Mr John G aunt g r ocer O n his retirement fr om b u s i ness he r emoved to D a r n all He gave the S ite of St Jude s Ch u rch and afterward s paid largely towards i t s erectio n He was from the n eighbo u rhoo d of Pe n i s to n e — I thi n k D enby where there are n o w some of the family It is said one of the G aun ts at D enby c an s how the family de s cent from John of G aunt D uke of L a n ca s ter Mr Jo s eph G aunt the scale c u tter of Pea croft is a cou s in of the late grocer and I would al s o add the G aunts of L eeds are of the s ame fa m ily J O H N S ON : There are man y other na m es well known in She ffield that might be me n tioned in co n nection with We s t .
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1 28
WE S TB AR
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bar though this would bring u s to times more recent than we profess to take cognizance of There was Mr John T u rton the s u rgeon (see p John Spi n k the pawnbroker who marryi n g the niece of the owner of the property turn ed B e nj amin Fox o u t of the S hop wh e r e the r u ined Casino now B e nj amin S m ilt er father of the present High s tan d s B ailiff ; Fra n cis C lu ley the earliest s urgical i n str u ment ” maker who was next door to the O ld T a n kard removing the n ce to S u r r ey street W RAGG The O ld T an kard by the way was once kept by Jonathan Moore o n e of the subj ect s of Mather s virulent son s g I WI S S A nd it i s pertinent to the locality to remark that Mather him s elf i s said to have been born about the year ” n n el e leading from 1 7 3 7 in Cack A lley a pas sage or j W e s t b ar green to L ambert s treet LEONARD The ho u s e of Mr Popplewell currier clo se to the O ld Tankard bears date 1 7 94 J O H N S ON Then there was William Marshall ironmonger and paper deale r on the S ite of the S urrey V aults at the head of Workhou se lane ; the D icken s ons and the Spurr s connected by marriage with the Mello n s Chri s topher Marshall the pawn broker G eorge Shallcro s s the miller so long and honourably a s sociated with R ed Hill Sunday s chool These and many others might be dwelt on were it not going too far o u t of the record LE I G HT ON Yo u are all familiar with the palisaded hou se at the bottom of L ambert street now occ u pied by Mr Watts clasp manufacturer— a busines s carried on there for many years L o n g ago it was the re s idence of Capt Chi s holm The work s hop s behin d hav e been lo n g used by coffin makers and there is a story of an escaped debtor fr om Scotlan d s treet gaol finding secure refuge i n o n e of tho se gha s tly structures A nd thi s reminds me of other whi m sicalitie s of the neigh b o u rh o o d— o f the old lady living at the top of B ower spri n g who had s uch a mania for stori n g farthin gs that after her death they were found hidde n about the hou s e in barrows ” full ; or of Sally Platt s the rob u st gardener s wife of 1 6 stone weight an d 8 7 years of age who began life a s the o n ly s u r vivor of ten childr e n pro d u ced at one birth an d who was curre n tly reported to have been pu t in to a quart pot in tho se days Of innocent i n fancy The name of her mother who achieved the feat of ten children at a birth wa s A nn Birch Then there was Molly R evill , the cel e brated o at cake maker ,
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WE S TB AR
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law let it S lip and it was sold to Thomas G atley the son of a gardener at Attercliff e who had kept one of the stalls on the Kin g street S ide of the market You n g G atley was him s elf apprenticed to I s aac D eakin pen blade maker (s o n i n law of G eorge Merr ill fork maker Harvest la n e ) and afterwards had a scrap s hop i n G ibraltar s treet near The ” Cherry Tree Then he was at the botto m of Furn ace hill late Mr Jo s h u a W o rt le y s Havi n g acqui r ed money he bought G aunt s bu s i n es s an d sub s equently s old it to Mr Wm Jack s o n Sheaf I s lan d Works He acquired much of the prope r ty about here L ike s o many other worthies whom we have had to notice Mr G atley was connected with Queen street c h apel u n t i l 1 8 3 4 when he seceded and was the mean s of e s tabli s hing Mount Z io n chapel the co n gregation of which m et i n a room over a shop in Carver lane while the chapel was buildi n g LE I G HT ON : Furnace hill was formerly called t Cock T ail I hav en t the r emote s t notio n why The Cock T ail ” lady was celebrated by Mather an d B u ck H at h ar d ” the son of a tailo r was al s o o n e of the characters it prod u ced Mr Peceh a s ci s s or manufacturer here w as the father i n law of He n ry Steel who has made him self a n ame ” among the frequenters of the t u rf and t Cocktail h ad the ho n our of co n tributin g a soldier to the L ife G ua r ds in the per s on of Sa m uel Wragg who an d his son as well was a cutler here W RAGG : The Quaker family the B ro adh e ads have been associated with W e s t b ar an d the n eighbo u rhood th r o u ghout the pre s e n t ce n t u ry Mr John Broadhead then a malt s ter w as in Scotla n d s t r eet next door to the chapel Then he ca m e to the botto m of Furn ace hill sub s eq u e n tly c r o s s ing to the other side of W e s t b ar where the grocer s S hop has been ever s i n ce Mr John B r oadhead died i n 1 8 3 8 It i s a little singular that not o n ly did h i s son A lfr ed succeed to h i s own grocery bu s iness but that fo u r of his five daughters married groce r s J O H N S ON : Two trade notes may be made here On e is ” that fra m e poli s hin g m ay be s aid to have had its birth in Furnace hill— that is poli s hin g spri n g knive s without the aid of steam or water power It w as originated by Mark Black ” well (la n dlord of The G rape s ) an d his brother G eorge by way of re s i s tin g a strike of the g r in ders An d it succeeded too The other is that the first n ail cu t in Sheffield is s aid to have been made down the yard by the D og and Part -
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TH E
A ND R E W S
AND D ONCAS TER S
1 31
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ridge the old public house almo st opposite to th e bottom of the hill WRAG G : The And r ew family i s clo sely identi fied with this locality O ld Jo s eph An drew was a p r o s perou s grocer and tallow cha n dler i n F u rn ace hill before this century began Three of his so n s I s aac Matthew and Jo s eph were grocers the fir s t n amed in W e s t b ar at the co r ner of Hicks lane the second in Charles s treet an d the third fir s t (1 8 25 ) in Para di s e s quare an d afterwa r d s (1 8 3 3 ) i n W e s t b ar gr een Two other son s twins we r e William Henry an d Albert G eorge They succeeded to the b u s i n e s s of Me s sr s G eorge B utler and C o S pri n g k n ife c u tler s in T r i n ity street which was after wa r d s remo v ed to Tri n ity works E yre s treet the old premises Isaac An drew was i n his beco m ing Mr L o n gde n s fo u n d r y later year s bli n d His b r other Jo seph w as the father of John Henry A ndrew s teel m anufacturer a m e m ber of the pre s ent Corporation and of M r s Crowther F arg at e The B utlers e m ployed a larger nu m ber of men than an y other ” house in the trade when the s tatement s of 1 8 1 0 an d 1 8 1 4 were made T W IS S Towards the en d of the la s t century all t h ese street s r un nin g u p the hill were thickly occupied by manu A familiar n am e amo n g the m i s that of D aniel f act u r e r s D onca s ter who i n 1 7 8 7 w as a file s m i t h in Copper street In 1 8 1 7 he was carryin g o n the sa m e bu s i n es s i n Allen street while i n 1 8 2 1 the n a m es of Willia m and John take the place of that of D an iel an d i n 1 8 2 8 Willia m alone Then i n 1 8 3 3 a n other D a n iel had j oin ed William an d in 1 8 4 1 he carried on the b u s in ess alo n e i n D o n ca s ter street an d Copper s treet an d conti n ued to do s o u n til j oin ed by h i s s o n s It is said that D an iel D o n ca s ter the elde r bought a field oppo s ite h i s A lle n street work s for a s u m far below what o n e year s gro u n d rent s n o w amou n t to ; while yo u are n o doubt aware that D aniel D onca s ter the yo u nger ma r ried the daughter of him who owned so much property i n that neighbourhood that his name Al le n was giv en to the street W RAGG : I n Cross S m i t h fie ld was established somewher e about the m iddle of la s t ce n t u ry the b u s i n ess now carried on in Sycamore s treet by Mr Thoma s Wil s o n the grandson of The germs of the b u s ine s s seem to have bee n laid i t s fo u n der by old Thoma s Wilso n at R an Moor or Hallam He was o n e of the e n terprisin g men who fir s t saw the po s s ibility of di s pen s i n g with factors and of ope n ing up co n nectio n s of hi s own without the interve n tio n of a middle man D etermining -
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T H O M AS W I L S O N
1 32
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EBE N E Z
E LL I O T T
ER
to o ffer his k n ives — shoemakers and butchers ’
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for sale him self he packed u p his good s and took the m on h i s back into L anca s hir e Where v er he s old an y kniv es he told the pur cha s ers he should come agai n at a fixed p eriod of ti m e and if the ar ticle did n o t s uit he wo u ld r etu rn the mo n ey O n his next j ou rney he had no co m plaint s but so much g r eater deman d that s ome of the retail shop s would hav e p u rchased the whole of h i s s tock b u t he kept to hi s pro m ise to the othe r s He readily s old all he had take n an d soon r et u rned home to man ufactur e more goods with which to complete his j o u rn ey Thi s w as the fir s t ti m e that the trade mark of the ” Four Peppercorn s an d a D iamond with the name Wil s on we n t into the ma r ket n o w it i s a guaran tee of good quality in all the countries of the world LE I G HT ON : Steadfa s t to their old localities in Snow hill are R ichard G r ove s dc So n s perhap s the olde s t saw m an u f ac M r G roves the grandfather of the t u r e r s i n t h e town presen t fir m always had an open Bible before him on hi s work board J O H N S ON A very old workman for that firm was the father of the late Mr Hebblethwaite who surviv ed his son and lived to a great age LEONARD Talkin g of saw maker s reminds me that Spear — and Jack s o n were in G ibraltar street a few door s on the town side of the Old L an casterian school s — before they went into Saville s treet E VERARD : All book worms will remember that favourite resort j u s t b y— M r Jo s eph Pearce s book S hop At o n e time it was o n the premise s now occupied by John G ar t s ide E lliott a s o n of E be n ezer E lliott the druggi s t who i s famed for his prescriptio n s for childre n s di s orders A fterwards Mr Pearce we n t i n to the S hop which i s now Hardy s furniture s tore LEONARD The name of E benezer E lliott calls up remem b ran c e s of tho s e days whe n he occ u pied the steel warehouse between the botto m of S n ow hill an d Trinity street It wa s in 1 8 3 3 that E lliott came to G ibraltar s treet removing from Burge s s s treet where he had been in bu s ine s s as an iron and steel merchan t since 1 8 2 1 While here he b u ilt him self a ho u s e at U ppert h o rpe In 1 8 3 7 a comme r cial re v ul s ion bega n an d E lliott used to say that he o u g ht to have retired fr o m bu s ine s s the n a s he o n ce in te n ded B ut being afraid ” of leadin g an idle life which being interpreted said he ” mea n s m y u n willingness to resign the profits of bu s ine s s he waited for the crash and lost fully one third of his -
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1 34
BE N J AM I N GAR T SI D E E L L I O TT
E VE RARD
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That last reference is to a nervous tempera ment an d body co n sumin g sensibilitie s which E lliott him self al w ays said he de r i v ed from his mother who s e life wa s ” a conti n uous di s ea s e LE I G HT ON D O you remember the particulars of Be nj amin E lliott s death LEONAR D It occ u rred i n D ecember 1 8 6 7 E leve n years previou s ly o n the death of hi s au n t G art s ide who left him her prope r ty he gave u p b u s i n e s s an d we n t to li v e in her ho u se at S h i re g r e e n — as charmi n g a cou n t r y r etreat as could be desired B u t it would s ee m h i s s o litar y life at the s teel wa r eho u s e whe r e he had li ved enti r ely by him s elf had e n ge n dered i n him mi s an th r opic habits which he co u ld not s hake n w as o ff — po s s ibly he had n o di s po s itio n to t r The garde y e n tirely neglected L ittle by little e v ery ve s t ag e of gla s s di s appea r ed fr o m the win dow s the s h utters we r e kept c o n s t an t ly clo s ed an d Mr E lliott lived i n a small kitche n at the b ack h i s o n ly compa n io n bei n g a do g H i s milk an d othe r nece s s arie s we t e han ded i n to him at the doo r which he Ope n ed n o further tha n to ad m it them O n two m o rni n gs in the wi n te r of the year I ha v e named the do o r ne v er ope n ed for the reception of the milk and on the night of the s econ d the place w as fo r ced o pe n an d there the reclu s e was fou n d stark and s ti ff u n de r the S in k s to n e dre s s ed o n ly partially in tro u s ers and shi rt h i s b o ot s u n laced an d witho u t s tockin gs The room w as co v ered i n all di r ectio n s with papers an d m e m o ra n da H i s s eat had bee n a ca s t iro n chai r h i s bed a s ofa An O ld p r inti n g pre s s so m e old arm s c r ocke r y tool s an d other a r ticles we r e s t r ew n around i n adm ired co n fu s io n while on the mantelpiece w as a me m orand u m That the G reeks we r e an i n tellect u al but n o t a polite n ation N ear the co u ch w as a copy of M r s Shelley s Fra n ken s tein s o worn as to lead to t h e s u pposition that its gloo m y fa n cies had been co n ge n ial to him The other part of the h o iI s e with its book s i t s fur n it u r e an d i t s pai n tin g s w as in good order an d condition It is s aid that B e nj ami n E lliott bore a s tr o n g re semblan ce to h i s celebrated fathe r an d he had the reputation amo n g h i s fr iends of b eing a man of s u perior attai n ments and some cultivation Forme r ly he had been a co n tributor of both prose and poetry to a se r ial publication A n O ld frie n d who Vi s ited him a f e w months befo r e his death and who excited i n ten s e amazement among the neighbours by obtai n ing after s ome delay admis s ion to the hou s e wrote : If I had seen poor B en in a forest I s hould have taken him to be :
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W A T E R HOU S E , AL L EN LA N E
TH E
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135
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a wild man — his hair an d beard I should say had not come in contact with comb and sci s s ors for years his apparel was a pair of very shabby trou s ers destitute of butto n s an d faste n ed with twi n e an d a colo u red woolle n s hirt He w e r e no coat or wai s tcoat I stayed with him a little over an hour and was much surpri s ed at his cheerful an d j ocular con v er s a tion He told me ma n y a n ecdote s of h i s father s uch as how he thra s hed a certain r evere n d gentleman who insulted h i m in h i s office i n G ibralta r street & c I a s ked him how he passed h i s ti m e He replied chiefly i n m editation a s his eye s were so bad he co u ld not co m fo r tably either read or wr i t e for lo n g together I told him I tho u ght he w as doi n g ve r y wro n g both to hi m s elf an d othe r s to s hut hi m s elf fro m society in the way he did He replied he w as quite happy ” I an d he wi s hed people to let h i m alo n e an d c o mfortable should add that he w as sometime s heard hummi n g cheerfu l an d that he had n o t airs or sin gin g A u ld L a n g S yn c altogether lo s t i n tere s t in the affair s of the o u ter world s i n ce he w as a reg u lar reader of ne w s paper s an d he had j o u r n eyed to Sheffield at the co u n ty electio n of 1 8 6 5 to vote fo r Milton an d B eaumo n t — n s LE I G HT ON : The old L a casterian chool befo re that a ridi n g s chool as i t s ro u gh i n terior will e n able yo u readily to believe — h as b r oke n o u t i n to S hop s S i n ce the n e w s chools were built in Bowling g r ee n s treet Some seventy or eighty ” years ago or S O that buildin g and the Wate r hou s e at the botto m of A llen la n e where the B u rki n s haw s were acc u s t o m e d to p r e s ide o v er the s ale of water by the bucketfu l we r e the ext r emity of the town i n thi s dir ecti o n O n the premi s e s la s t me n tioned the wooden water pipe s which m ay o cca s io n ally be s een whe n the C o mpa n y i s m akin g repai r s were bo r ed by han d So m e of them were taken u p fro m Broad lan e o n ly a S hort ti m e ago J O H N S ON That p r ope r ty w as s old by the D u ke of N orfolk to Mr M at t h ew rn an an d the origi n al p r op r ietor s of the Water Co m pan y and it w as i n their po s s e s s io n in 1 7 4 1 It wa s afterward s sold to L awyer Hoyle an d the n to it s prese n t o c c u i e r Mr L aycock p LEONARD : We have been traver s in g W e s t b ar and the street s which run down the hill to the left and have n e c e s s ar ily had to leave for th e ti m e bein g the di s trict on the right which in clude s Spring st r eet and other places produc tive of much old world go ssip Suppo s e therefore we now turn bac k to that " ,
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136
TH E
B AILE YS
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W RA GG : A prominent fir m in Spring street was that of the ’
B aileys The late Mr Samuel Bailey s father Mr Joseph B ailey carried o n bu siness at the top of Workhouse lane now the Surrey V ault s LEONAR D : S u ppo s e we go further back still — to the time of Mr Samuel B ailey s gra n dfather— Matthias Bailey who married E lizabeth Wood at E ccle s field o n Chr i s t m as day 1 7 3 3 and who for many years aft erwards liv ed at M as b ro and was employed i n some re s po n s ible capacity in the wo r ks ” of the Mes s r s Walker of that town They we r e it h as been writte n plain ho n est hardworki n g p eople ; their las s e s went out to service an d the lad Jo seph was put ap pre n tice to a sci s sor smith When he had s erved his tim e he commenced business i n Sand s pavo u r s in Bow s treet after wards re m oved to the premi s e s in Workho u s e lane an d finally built t h e work s i n Spring street the fir m bei n g then ” Bailey E ado n and Bailey factors an d m erchan t s Jo s eph Bailey m arried Mary the daughter of old John E ado n of the F r ee W r itin g School and Sa m u el B ai ley was their you n ge s t child The E ado n in the fir m w as Joh n the elder son of the s ame John E ado n and was consequently Joseph Bailey s brother i n law WRAGG The Sprin g s treet premises of the Baileys were at the corn er of L ove s treet Spring street o n ce called B rick lan e took it s na m e from a well i n Bailey s yard and people u sed to fetch the water to boil gree n s & c a s there w as believed to be no n e like it From little to more Jo seph B ailey increa s ed i n wealth built B u rn G reave and in the year 1 8 0 1 was Ma s ter Cutler He was o n e of the fir s t merchant s in She ffield who traded with Am erica By thrift economy and indu s try he ama s s ed a fo r tune which with good u s in g h as e n abled h i s yo u n gest son to leav e to h i s nativ e town It is not nece s s ary to dwell on that son s achieveme n ts as a philosophical writer LE I G HT ON N or on h i s poetic e ffu s io n s E VE RARD How Sa m uel Bailey a poet LEONARD : There i s very good reaso n for believing that he was the author of Maro an a n onymous poe m p u bli s hed by L o n g m an s in 1 8 4 5 It i s a satire i n ver s e for it can hardly be called a poem It has none of the imagination of poetry as yo u may well suppose WRAGG : Samuel Bailey ought to have been the first parliam entary representative of She ffield I once a s ked a table blade forger , who was p erhap s the most in telligent m an .
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1 38
S WAG S H OPS -
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th e She ffi eld B anking C c had a room properly fitted up with shelves and counter like a regular draper s S hop T W IS S I am sure nothi n g disrep u table could b e a ffirmed either of that firm or of Ho u lt R owbotham and Co LEONARD There we r e I hav e been told special circum sta n ces co n nected with Harwood an d Thoma s s business — for insta n ce that Mr L ewis Thomas who was for man y year s a m e m ber of Queen street Ch u rch was b r ought up as a draper It i s true that they had a large room (corre s pondin g I believe in siz e with the pri n cipal bu s in e s s room of the Bank b efore it was e n larged — i t u s ed to be called the O ld Co ffee House ) fitted up as a draper s shop WRAG G : My father has taken t ea in thi s way at twelve S hillings p er pound L E ONARD : N o doubt there would be un scrupulou s firm s then as ever and I do not defend the sy s tem for it was op en ” to the abu ses we still see in di s tricts where truck p ersi s t s i n survivi n g It was well that it S hould be stopped but it i s o n ly fair to S how that s omethin g a s I heard from a frie n d a few days ag e can b e s aid i n defence an d that some of the ho use s were hon ourable e n o u gh to act fairly My in forma n t said The house in which I was an apprentice w as i n the country trade as di s tin gui s hed from the foreign me r chan ts an d had a good S hare of the She ffi eld trade with B elfast T o promote it they frequently had one or more hogsheads of hams or boxes of linen We al s o kept black an d green tea A ll these were sold at fair prices with very little pres sure ” if any on the cutlers to buy them LE I G HT ON : B ad a s it wa s there i s m o re to b e said for ” this system than for the swag s hops who se operation was irredeemably evil These were s imply establi s hment s that preyed on the mi s fortunes of others their chief victim s bein g ” little mester s in difficultie s When S hort of ready money an d witho u t any immediate market for their goods they s old them to the swag s hop s at of course a large per ce n tage of lo ss B ut what was wo r s e than this un s crupulou s factors ” buyers or devils would make excuses to rej ect goods they had ordered when brought in with the deliberate pu rpo se of forcing the makers to the swag sh e p s and of buyi n g them thenc e themsel v es at a lower price ” E VE RARD The stu ffing system was an abominable on e and it was carried out with a great amount of fraud and extortion ; but it may be s aid that commercial intercourse was not then out of swaddling clothes The system was to .
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E AR L Y TR AD I NG
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some extent a natural result of the infancy of trade and was an arti ficial attempt to overcome the difli c u lt i e s of cir culating good s In these days it has been lo n g s upera n nuated J O H N S ON O ur prese n t complicated an d wo n derfu l trading system w as n o t made in a day It is goin g fu rther back than ” the stuffing sy s tem but let me read you thi s de s cription of the infa n cy of the She ffield trade Fo r m e r ly the manu f act u r er s had no trade connection s but depended entirely upon p erson s coming to the town to purchase the ar ticle s man ufactured These traders were called chap s or chap men and were mo stly Scotch or Iri s h with so m e E ngli s h Their chief resort wa s Tommy R o se s The Bird i n hand Church lane The hou se stood where the Cutler s Hall in part now stands They ge n erally had with them two three or more packhorses for the co n veyance of the goods pur chased When a chap arrived the o s tler went round to each of the manufacturers to inform him of the fact an d e ach gave him a penny for his informatio n an d trouble An old man said C ive been r aan d w i him mo n y a t o i m e when oi war a lad aboon 7 0 year sin Sometim es there were two three or four chap s in the house at o n e time and each had a separat e room for bu s i n es s The cutler s waited u n til all was ready and then went up stairs i their kales If they bargained they left the goods and took the mo n ey home with them The house was sometimes quite crowded There w e re other house s in the town which traveller s or chap s frequented upon the same busines s but none wa s a s popular a s Tommy R ose s This wa s a very precario u s way of doin g business AS the makers had the materials to fin d a s well as the labour it put them to great inconvenience an d cau sed many familie s to su der great privatio n s duri n g the time they had the goods in hand To remove this di ffi culty the Cutlers Company freque n tly advanced money on goods deposited with them without any interest bein g charged This wa s always thankfully accepted until the goods could fin d a market In 1 7 6 8 the Town Trustees let out £ 20 0 to twenty scissor smiths upon bond in small sums In 1 7 41 Sir Fra s Sitwell bequeathed £ 4 0 0 to the Cutlers Company to be let o ut in sums not exceeding £ 5 to any necessitous member or other inhabitant It is remarkable there is no account of thi s in the Company s books although there are person s now living who can remember their fathers having receiv ed money from this source These benevolences assi s te d the trade a great deal for if a person had a stock of goods he could not dispos e ,
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PACK H ORS E S
1 40
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of h e could tak e them to the Cutlers Hall and deposit them ther e until he found a market Tommy R o se s being next the Cutlers Hall where the chap s usually put up t h e goods were easily removed if wanted In the year 1 7 1 0 a person of the name of Wright introduced the first stage waggon Before that all publi c travelling was equestrian and the conveyance of all bulk and weight was e ffected by carriage as di s tin g u ished from draught The burden was fitted to the animal s back— which not u n fr e quently was i ll fit t e d to bear i t — an d S hambling along cross road s fording rivers and climbing steeps the j aded brute day by day pursued his wearied route In those days a busy street at dawn would present an appearance only now to be seen in Cairo or some other E astern city when a caravan is preparing to start on its j ourney— only here horses or mules instead of camels or asses were the beasts O ften a train of not fewer than fifty in number were being laden — the maj ority with the heavy pro duce of the manufactories others with market stock live and dead— grain and poultry and vegetables and even pigs A t la s t when all was ready the b ells tinkled and human beings poured forth from the i n n These consisted of travell e rs and their friends and merchan t s w h o e ither accompanying their wares or on some other bu s i ness w e re journeying to the capital Perched on high amidst boxes and bundles were children and women old men an d maidens leaving amidst the tears of their acquain tance whilst the more activ e of the men were either starting on foot or more e asily bestriding a beast which had some appear ance of saddle and pillion on its back The orders for march being giv e n onward th ey moved through the town into the country over roads on which a track was paved for the especial use of the pack hor s e train but lanes also had to be traversed in which holes constantly occurred producing Violent S hocks A cro ss swamps where the sagacity of the animals had to be trusted across s w ollen rivers where the wo m en and the live stock were alike alarmed the cavalcade at last reached its longed for halting place for the night Until 1 7 47 or there abouts there was no travelling from hence to sell goods or ” solicit orders W RA GG B ut we are wandering away from Spring street ” It run s through what was once N orri s fi eld — s o called from the owner Mr N orris who lived as has bee n said in W e s t b ar O ld Mr C ak e s who ha s been mentioned a s still living and keeping a tobacconists shop in W e s t b ar wa s ,
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1 42
TH E
S T RA T F O RD
F A M I LY
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co n s ideri n g the largeness of his family for by his first wife he had three child r en an d by the seco n d ten O nly three of the thirteen children married and of these the ninth an d younge s t son alone G eorge Stratford continued the family line William Stratford s gra n dfather E VE RARD W RAGG : Ye s L eavi n g the neighbourhood of his birth when his father got into s traitened circu m sta n ces he sold the estate and after livin g at variou s places settled in Henley i n A rden where he had a corn mill B u t nothin g pro spered with him He had two son s Thomas and Joh n both of whom were appre n ticed to the well known Matthew Bo u lton of the Soho Birmingham John served his legal apprentice s hip and was at the Soho when the celebrated James Watt j oined B oulton and it is said that John Stratford was the o n ly p erson who co u ld unde r s tan d Watt s c u rious pronu n ciatio n of E n glish B oulton and Watt se n t him to the G regory Mine A shover with o n e of their engin es to drain a lead mine on the estate of the late celebrated Sir Joseph B an k s This was in 1 7 8 3 an d after remaini n g at A shover u ntil 1 8 0 0 he removed to L ondo n and beca m e the e n gineer to th e N ew R iver Comp an y LEON AR D B ut how about Spring street W RAGG : I now come to that in the p erson of Thomas Stratford the other apprentice of Boulto n s and with him our local i n terest in the family begin s B efore his term of appren tice ship had expired he enli s ted— n o t from di s s ipation b u t because he w as a man of lofty S pirit and keen sen s ibilities Mr Bo u lton obtain ed his discharge but he e n listed again in th e artillery and w as discharged on the peace that resulted i n th e declaratio n of A merican In depen de n ce He mar r ied a Birmi n gham woman n amed Kel s ey and came to live in Sh e ffield— i n Spri n g street as already stated From what I hav e heard he and his wife would seem to have been the mo s t si n gularly matched co u ple in the town He was a well formed m an 5 feet 1 0 inches with red hair and quite a gentleman i n appearance whilst h i s wife was a little stumpy thick set woma n the dar ke s t complexion ever seen not act u ally black yet all their children were light complexio n ed Mrs Stratford however w as very kind hea r ted an d amiable Her husban d worked for the firm of Barber and G enn fender manufacturers Spring S treet an d did j ob s at home for Mr G eorge O ates of the Wicker an d also for Mr L i n ley of Spri n g street in ornamenting scis s ors now done by gri n ders at th e wheel H e was one of th e first to j oin the Sh e ffi eld ,
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W ILL IA M S T RAT F O R D
V olunteers at their original formation
1 43
.
an d
he was one of tho se who fou n d their own clothe s Mr L i n ley for whom he worked at home was Ma s te r Cutler in 1 7 9 7 O n the feast day he remarked that Mr L i n ley had not invited him to the fea s t His w ife replied Thee work s for Mr L inley and a s such thee t a working man He sharply replied I m as ” goo d as any man who will be there His wife was ao cu stomed to remark to her childre n that their father looked what he o u ght to b e — a gentleman and Sh e seem s to have cher ished the hope that the family would be r e stored to its former po s ition E V E RARD I sho u ld imagine that his family pride would keep him s omewhat aloof fr om his fellow workmen W RAGG It did an d h i s respectable manner of conduct i ng him s elf seem s to hav e bee n s pecially offen s ive to some of them I n a very depre s s ed s tate of trade whe n B arber and G enn gave numbers of people warn i n g Thomas Stratford was among s t them This discharge fro m employment sorely pinched him and as a la s t re s ort he u n dertook the menial work of assistin g ma s o n s N ot being accu s to m ed to the labour and getting wet he was seiz ed with rheu m atic fever and never perfectly recovered He died in 1 8 08 in the 4 8 t h year of his age and wa s buried i n the Pari s h Churchyard near to the G irls Charity School E VE RARD It is a very sad hi s tory WRAGG : N ow for the late Will iam Stratford He was the eldest son of this Tho m as Stratford and was brought up as a silver s m ith He served his ti m e as a can dl estick hand but afterward s he was a spinner He had a brother Thomas who although he had lo st a leg was the leader of all ki n ds of rough play He died a young m an Their s i s ter married Mr B Hi n chli ff e who s e s o n M r T O Hi n chli ffe i s now in G arden street Willia m Stratford married a daughter of William G ray and had a son an d a da u ghter ; the s o n a S ilver smith i n N ew Church street the daughter mar ried Frederick Withy H o r s field the son of an a ppren tice of the late R obert Waterhouse s father and the nephew of the historian of L ewes The H o r s field family which has been several times me n t io n ed i s an old o n e It was seated at Halifax and had a grant of arms I believe the Waterho u se family sprang from a p erso n i n L incolnshire and removed to Halifax The prese n t repre s entative of the family is Maj or Waterhou se of Well head Halifax the Tory M P for Pontefract William Stratford was e s tabli s h e d in B ramall lane , but towards th e ,
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1 44
S HAL E S M OO R
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en d of his life he went to liv e at M o s b o ro u gh He died on the 1 8 th of April 1 8 5 9 aged 7 2 and was i n terred at E ckingto n LE I G HT ON : It is a little difficult to follow your de s cr ip tio n of the descent O ne almost n eeds a genealogical table LEONARD : B eyo n d Bower spring the footpath — Cotton mill walk— wa s the co n tin uation O f Sprin g street It ran in the direction now taken by R u s s ell s treet ac r os s L ong ” croft a s the open space w as called in 1 77 1 towards G reen lane O f course it took i t s n ame from the cotton mill of Mr Middleton An ope n strea m ran fr om the top of Cor nish s treet in front of G r ee n lane and emptied itself in the D on below where G reen lane works now stand O n the other s ide of the strea m were cottage gardens Middleton s — ilk mill built in 1 7 5 8 b u rnt down in 1 7 9 2 and the cotton S mill r e erected o n the same S ite only in turn to b e burnt down in 1 8 1 0 and again built o n ly to become the Poor house — in 1 8 2 9 s tood alo n e in its glory its nearest neighbour being Kelham Wheel still there as it had been at least a s long before as in 1 6 7 4 o n the now covered i n G o i t A cro ss the river was the suburb of B r i dg e h o u s e s and all around wa s ” verdure Those were the days when The old cherry tree whose name is now pei pe t u at e d o n ly by the public house and the yard where it stood wa s s till young and when A llen ” lane and the B owling green marked the extremity o f the inhabited region of G ibraltar Beyond the road ran between fi elds — M o o r fields — and on to the distant rural haunt s of Philadelphia and U pper t h o rpe There was L awyer Hoyle s house u p on the left ; and the little barber s s hop j ust before you come to R oscoe place near the j un ction of the In firmary and Pe n istone roads was alone I n its glory until 1 8 0 6 when Mr Shaw built the stove g i ate works j u s t named and with his partner Mr Jobson laid the foundation s of that trade which has obtained for She ffi eld the manufacture of stove s and fen ders previously claimed by E dinburgh and L ondon Two personal note s may be made a s to Mr Shaw and Mr Jobson The former was a Baptist an d he not only held service in his works on Sundays but e stablished a Su n day school as well Mr Jobso n was the last person in She ffield who retained the old fa s hioned q u eu e and a great scandal was occasioned by some o fficers cuttin g it o ff in St Philip s Church one Sunday J O H N S ON : In G reen lane I n the days we are speaking of and even much later the works h ad not become su fficientl y numerou s to interfere with bathing i n the river The Cl e ek h am Inn and a grinding wh ee l o ccupied part of M e s sr s D ix on s .
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14 6
S H E FF I E L D
O LD
GA RD E N S
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— O f course being in the country
embracin g genu s green s s o to speak though we were by no mean s out of the reach or o u t of S ight of the s moke — our talk was of country thi n g s O n e told how h i s gra n dfather a great garden s mith u s ed to delight to get away from h i s S hop to h i s little plot down — n Bramall la e way a walk amo n g the hedge s and through plea s an t S hady la n es ; an d a n other reme m be r ed bei n g s e n t in 1 8 2 5 with a me s sage to Mo n tgomery who had r etired from his san ctum up s tair s in the din gy Hart s head o v er the coal place an d with depre s s ing o u tlook on to b r ick wall s an d dilapidated ro ofs — to r efr e s h hi m s elf for a time a m o n g th e polya n th u se s an d daffodil s of h i s garde n b etween G los s op road and L e avyg r e av e That i s where H o u n s fi eld r oad is n o w for mo s t of the S pace from G los s op road to B rook hill belo n g i n g to the Water Compa n y w as divided i n to these little plots The town in those days Was literally s ur r o u n ded with group s of n eatly pa r titio n ed garde n s The late Mr E dwa r d B aines (M P for L eed s from 1 8 3 4 to 1 8 4 1 ) w as acc u s to m ed to re m ark that the multit u de O f s m all n icely kept ga r den s in its suburbs w as a characte r i s tic of Sheffield in which it was in adva n ce of any other la r ge town he knew L ook which way you wo u ld or go i n what directi on you wo u ld there they were B eside s the celebrated garden s in the neighbourhood of Hanover street there were s imilar garde n s higher u p Broom spring lan e an d Wil k in s o n street an d on the site of the B aptist Church on G lo s s op road an d up to N orthumberland road and opposite Mu s hroom hall to Westbourn e Mr Cadma n s hou s e near which are a few re m aining From G lo ssop road the Water Co m p a n y s lan d exte n ded i n to Brook hill an d the garde n s on this piece were alway s co n sidered s ome of the be s t i n the town N ear to an d behind the late A ld Sa u n ders house in Brook hill were garden s behin d which were others reachin g down by B ri g h t m o r e s treet B e lle field street Port mahon B edfo r d s treet and Waterloo hou s es (comme n ced buildi n g by the father of James L e v ick the dahlia grower and fini s hed by his mother ) to the river D on Then on the oppo site S ide of the river the S ite of N eepse n d brewery an d right up to the wood and Woo d s ide la n e al s o on the oppo site side of Wood s ide lane u n der Pye bank to the mo uth of the railway tunnel Harvest la n e an d G reen lane to Col s on crofts were occupied in a S imilar way ; and another plot of small gardens is now the site of the old Midland Station in the Wicker These a s originally intended were to have b e en the basin of the Sh e ffield canal O n the oppo w
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S UBU RB AN
GARDE N S
1 47
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ite side of the road between Twelve O Clo ck Wheel or the A lbion Ir onworks and the N orfolk bridge was another lot of gardens destroyed about 2 5 years ago There were small garden s i n the Park part of which is St John s churchya r d There we r e so m e others at Skye edge down to D u ke s treet or the In take road A t the e n d of Clough lan e dow n to the river Sheaf (Sheaf garden s ) were gardens co n s idered secon d to none in the neighbourhood so m e contai n ing good double houses not like those in Club gardens Sharrow lane From these were other s exten din g acro s s S u ffolk road dow n to Harmer lane There were also the g arde n s j u st de s troyed at the end of Bramall lane opposite Sheaf Hou s e on the path to H i ghfie ld ; and about 2 5 years ago was de s tr oyed a plot of gardens that had exte n ded from the top of You n g s treet to Broomhall s treet There were s ome others that ha v e di s ap e ar e d to make room for buildings abo ut the G ene r al Ceme p t ery and Broomhall Mi ll When all the above garden s were in existence said Mr W RA GG I believe one o u t of every three worki n g men had a garden which he c u ltivated more fo r plea s u re than pro fit This was far b etter than hi s prese n t gambling pro i i en t e but further there were not a few in s tances in which s s ; p the work ing ma n s garden a s s i s ted him to clothe hi s family or to pay off debt s unavoidably contr acted by the s ale of the fruit from his pear or apple trees N ow there are n o such places for a worki n g man to resort to in his spare time ex cept for those who are members of s ome L an d Society out s ide the town It is said he may re s ort to the L ibrary or p eru s e his book at home ; that he can a m u s e hi m s elf by holdi n g communication with the great m e n of pa s t age s ; bu t all such talk is a delusio n Bodily toil and me n tal di s ciplin e will not go han d i n ha n d or blend The garde n plot s remain i n g are alas but few ; they may be al m o s t co u n ted o n the finger s of one ha n d some under the woo d at Hillfoot an d some i n N eepsend la n e to the river ; the Water Compan y s piece Hangi n g ba n k and in the flat below the s ite of the old dams commo n ly called Upper an d L ower Ca n ada ; some around Yo u n g e s Silver R olling Mill so m e co m par ativ ely S peaking recently made between Hyde Park an d the Ma n or There are a few left i n E ccle s all road I n Sharrow lane are the Club garden s that have alway s bee n remarkable for the n u mber of ho u se s occupied by the te n a n t s Fenton V ille garden s and South V iew gardens extendin g down i n to the A bbeydale road are noted for the number of their florists ’
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1 48
S UBU RB AN GA RD E N S
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the mo st successful of whom i s William Alls ebr o o k famous for rearing new kinds of polyanthuses I am sorry to say I believe all these gardens will soon b e like the other s men ” — t i o n e d demoli s hed L E O NARD : Yes they are fa s t being engulphe d by the omnivoro u s builders ; and the robberie s to which they are exposed are a great di s courage m ent to the enthu s iastic ama t eu r s w h o co m pete at pi n k shows or dahlia co n te s t s or who strive to raise gigan tic goo seberries to be weighed at Flo r i s t s In n s an d celebrat ed with a supper L et u s hop e that thi s annihilatio n of garden allotme n ts doe s not indicate that the healthy delight in fio ri cu lt u r e that has always bee n a charac Yo u may s till see the t e ri s t i c of Hallam s hire is dyi n g o ut gri n der returnin g from a pop v i s it to his little cou n try delight laden with ear ly spri n g rhubarb or with root s of celery according to the s eason of the year ; and freehold buildin g societies have altered life so much as to give worki n g m en an opport u nity of havi n g their ho m es standing i n their o w n gar den s which is n o t o n ly healthier but ha n die r A member of our compan y mentioned the splendid bed of ranu n cul u ses which a resident in one of the hou ses still standin g oppo site the top of Broomhall street used to S how and re m in ded u s of the celebrated garden which the Stani f o rt h s father an d s o n the emi n e n t s u r geo n s i n Castle s treet had in the G rimesthorpe road the pre s e n t G arde n ers A rm s being their garden house Mr Wragg recalled that kind genial old man E dward Middleton baker who kept the B arleycorn Tavern in Coalpit lane — the mo st obligin g of neighbours among amateur gardener s The vicinity of Hanover street u sed to be m arked out lik e a chess board by these gardens and Middleto n had one near the corner of B r o o m s pri n g lane and Ha n over s treet The top part of it form s now part of Hanover street and the bottom extended behind the houses of Mr O wen the draper which face to B r o o m s pr i n g lane A fterwards he showed his S kill in o n e of tho se previously spoken of on G lo s s op road— where Cha r les Thomp son s cab premises are now then belo n gin g to the Water Compan y— having gon e there by reason of his n eigh bour John B urton the Q u aker buying a garde n for him Mr Wragg believed that the la s t po sses s or of Middleton s garden near Mr O wen s houses was the late Mr B ennett grocer Church street e lder brother of the present Mr B en n ett who succeeded him in his bu s iness Jo s hua VVil kinson had the n ex t gard e n above and h e sold it to William ,
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15 O
CL UB
GAR DE N S .
a large quantity the next year in mo st con spicuous places and had not a S i n gle bloom tipp ed The secret seemed to be to check a too l u xu r iant growth of the pla n t Mr L evi ck also produ ced a han d s ome crim s on dahlia — Commander i n Chief— which wa s honoured with a coloured engraving in the work n amed Mr Thoma s Ty s on who kept the Fou n tain in Coalpit lane wa s a di s tin gui s hed flori s t an d a man evide n tly much re s pected by h i s brethren for h i s fu n eral w as atte n ded by the florists of the town who s trewed his ” co ffin with a profu s ion of mo s t beautifu l flowers Club G arde n s as has been said were remarkable for the nu m ber of the hou ses occupied by the tenants In one house resided the late Mr Paul Smith a well to do man said to have been worth S ix or eight thousand pounds but he was induced to enter into p artn ership w ith some firm which shortly afterwards failed The creditors seized all the pro perty of Mr Smith to pay the debts of the firm so he became a poor m an an d died a recipient of the Iro n and Hardwar e Pen s ion s A n other re s ide n t in these garden s was the late Mr Charle s Unwin of W e s t b ar the broker Previou sly he had a garden in Brook hill in the piece behind Mr B r i g h t m o r e s house A fter the death of Mr Thomas No w ill Mr Unwin bought his garden an d there he re s ided at the time Of his di s as trou s fire in which some thousands of po u n ds worth of his pro perty and stock i n trade wa s destroyed It gave such a S hock to his n ervou s system that soon after he died about 1 6 or 1 8 years ago Mr Unwin was a native of A nston and originally was a labouri n g man but he turn ed sawyer and was a very hard wo r ker A nother native of A n ston was the lat e Mr Henry Broomhead the solicitor whose father was a tan ner Some of the best garde n s in the n eighbourhoo d were the Sheaf G arden s Abo ut thirty years ago the late Mr William Stratford had a garden th at was remarkable for the neat manner i n which it was kept by Mr Stratford himself ; and his tulip bed was the admiration of all beholders Hangin g B a n k G ardens when in existe n ce were notable for the number of those tenants who exhibited gooseberries at berry showers the chief of whom and the mo st S hows successful was the late R obert G reen He re sided in one of the houses probably built by him self or a former tenant He had another garden S i n ce it i s not the work of a ma s on lower down but o n e or two others intervened and up a walk nearer where the stream of water ran from the Water Com dams From his succes s as an exhibitor of goose a n s p y ,
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MARKE T
GAR DE N E R S
1
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b e rries he Obtained many copper kettles a s prizes When the time of exhibiting w as about to take place his garden had to be watched fr o m t h e Saturday night to Monday m orni n g to prevent his trees bein g stripped G reen was a s pring kn ife cutler an d worked for the late Mr B Micklethwaite who se wo r kmen were very re s pectable honourable and u p right A mong s t them there were none of the coarse j okes indecent con v er s atio n or u n mea n ing empty an d profane j e s ts so com m o n among wo r kmen in the work s hop s o f the pre s ent day They talked when they had something to say and years after whe n one would ca s ually meet another in the street it was always with kindne s s and re s pect somethin g like one gentlem an m eeting another About 40 years ago i n o n e of the garden s near what is now the top of Fawcett street j ust before B elle field house was a whitewa s hed ho u s e with s a s h windows in which resided the late John Milner who in his day w as s aid to hav e bee n one of the be s t if n o t the be s t S pri n g kn ife cutler in the trade and notable for his great powers of debate He was born in Sp r in g s treet or the im m ediate vicinity and in h i s yo u th or childhood w as a compa n io n of th e late Mr Wm Stratford He was the la s t survivor of hi s early a s s ociates When Joh n Mil n er left the hou s e it wa s not afterwards o ccu pied I t dwindled away— lad s first broke the windows and next it gradually disappeared In Watery lane was a very good house standi n g back in a garden For s ome time it was unocc u pied and from being untenanted it got into a dilapidated condition A f ew" year s ago a portio n of one of its walls fell on s ome children and o n e of them was killed The la s t occupier was a per s on of t h e name of R o s s who left the town and afterwards died R o s s was a m an who was goi n g to get every one his fortun e People who belie v ed they or their ance s tor s had been deprived or di s po s se s sed of property flocked to him in crowd s Some where i n the vicin ity R o s s had a riv al a woman who had two strings to her bow for in addition to bein g a fortune hunter S h e was a fortune teller The market gardeners grounds ranged for the mo st part fr om N eep s e n d an d the O ld Park Wood to Hall Carr There was G eorge St u bbing who se garden kept before him by Mr Thornhill who had a cook shop i n the Hart s head ex t ended fr om Wood s ide lane to O ld Park Wood being bounded o n the north by Cook Wood Part of hi s garden in Harvest lane is now the depOt of the Board of H e alth while the .
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15 2
S
UBU RB AN
DE GE
NERA T I O N
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southern part including the S it e of his original hous e was taken for the Manche s ter R ailway B efore beginning a gar den o u hi s own account Mr Stubbin g had been in the s ervice of D r Webb of who se garden in Harvest lane he had charge There was James A ndrews who had an orchard at N eep send where the N eep se n d N ursery n o w is ; and the orchard in Harv est lan e of William B urgin now di s placed by the variou s works i n Mowbray street w as o n e of the finest S ight s in the Wh o does not remember too that town in s pring time other orchard on the slop e below B urn G reave which every body would stop and admire even so late as 1 8 5 5 6 0 There were two other B urgin s besides William but he was not r e lated to them They were brothers G eorge and Jonathan The former wa s the last inhabitant of the Clay s house in B r i dg eh o u s e s ; the latter had a fruit S hop in Bower spring From Pi t s m o o r Church to Burn G reave and to where the R ailway cro s ses Tom Cro ss lane market gardeners had their grounds and a pleasa n t walk it was through them for the B u rn g r e av e road and R ock s treet were not made then The orchard and grou n ds between these two roads where Catherine s treet n o w is were occupied long ago by John Pearson Hi s family were table k n ife cutlers at N eep send but he w as fonder of gardening than c u t leri n g A fterwards the land was in the ha n ds of Mr John G arnett for many years Then it got into Chancery and wa s in a lo st looking Mr G arnett removed to the s tate until it was b u ilt upon land between the Wicker Congregatio n al Church an d Carlisle stre et G ower street hav ing been made acro ss it near to where what was his hou se still stan ds G arden s of S imilar kind exten ded to Hall Carr lan e where not many years ago gyp sie s might sometimes b e s een O n the other side of the town was Mr Hat fie ld s nursery on the G lossop road adjoining Wesley College which often attracted passers by its beauty From gardens an d gardeni n g we got to talk g e nerally of the changes that have taken place in what may be called the nearer suburban surroundings of the town The youngest member of our friendly gr oup could we found call to mind s u rprising changes ; as for the eldest the wondrou s trans m u tatio n s to which he c ould bear witness were e n dless Within a very small radius of the Pari s h Church— say Carver street Chapel —h e had walked i n green fi elds or traversed woods who se sites are now occupied by whole colo n ies of hou s es and it was told how tradition a ffirmed that a resident at the top of Coalpit lan e had S hown his children Judge ,
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15 4
LI TT LE
S
HE FF I E LD
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in thos e days after p assing Heeley ran close to M e ers br o o k house an d up D erbyshire lane to B o lehill then through what is now N o r ton Park to L ittle N ort o n forward to G ree n hill Moor A ll goods leaving Sheffield southwards went that way The only road we s twards w as up Sharrow lan e and so to E cclesall Be n t s green an d Ri n g i n g lo w e There was no Che s ter field turnpike n o r A bbeydale road nor E ccle sall n ew road n o r G los s op road Mr T WI S S reminded us of the fact that it w as i n 1 8 2 1 that the n e w road to Glos s op wa s ope n ed for carriage s ; and L E O NAR D read a description which had been writte n i n co n n ection with the hou s e of old Seth Cadma n the comb maker in Young s treet From it there w as a really charming outlook B etween You n g s tr eet and the Moor head on the o n e s ide up far beyond B roomhall s treet in fr ont and toward s Sharrow lane i n the other di r e c tio n there was little to be s een but well kept gardens an d equally well t illed fields Clo s e to Fitzwilliam street I have seen growin g as fine a crop of wheat as ever gladdened t h e heart of a York s hire farmer ; an d at that time B r oomhall street or Black L a m b s la n e as it w as called was c o n Seth s s ide r e d rather a da n gerous place to go along at night ga r de n was oppo s ite to his house and over the footpath hu n g two splendid p ear trees A t that ti m e as n o w the neigh b o u rh o o d of You n g s treet w as called L ittle S h e ffi eld an d gar dens and fields divided it fr om Big S h e ffie ld Mr E VE R ARD told u s how he reme m bered a clea r space between the bottom of R ed hill and We s t s t r eet includi n g what was the n Mr Carr s house now the Ho spital an d D i s pensary Said he The i n tervening space was occupied by the brick ya r d an d by Marsh s field (in which Mr Mar s h s cow s pa s tured the cottage an d cow house bein g s ituate i n o n e corn er ) together with the S ite on which Messrs Sander s on Brother s works now stan d Mr Marsh did not bear at all a good name a m ong s t u s young s ters for he very strictly main t ai n e d his mano r ial rights an d hotly pur s ued and inflicted s ummary p u n ish m ent on any of the youthfu l trespassers who had the ill l u ck to fall into his hand s An d so it w as that whether engaged in playing at football cricket or kite fl yi n g as soo n as O ld Mar s h made his appearance we kn ew it wa s high time to be o ff A t that pe r iod there were no houses on either S ide of Portobello (with o n e exception ) from the Bri tan nia public house Oppo site Me s s rs N ewton Bro s Porto bello Works up to V ictoria street but all wa s open S pace i n cludin g gard e ns the brick field and the B urial G round now ,
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THE B E E
H IVE
15 5
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St G eorge s Church and churchyard The exception referred to wa s the two houses yet standing about half way between Charlotte street and R egent street with a flight of s ton e In one of these ho uses lived s tep s out of Portobello lane a venerable man named D r Ch e ney one of the old school a s to dress and wig and who was totally blind In the other hou se resided Mr Mellor the rop emaker The gard e n s at th e back reached down to a cro s s walk now G lo s sop road near the B ee Hive B etween these garden s there was a broad walk to their full extent which Mr Mellor u sed a s a rope walk where he S pun his twi n e and ropes S ubsequently in the lower of these two houses not the uppermost as I once thought re s ided for several years the late Mr L eader pro I n the u pper one (now r i of the h e l d n d n t e r t o i e I d e e n e S p fi p Mr Jo s eph Kirk s ) D r Cheney sp ent the la s t year s of his life From a house j u s t above Sir John Brown made his start in the succes sful career he has run hi s father buildin g a number of houses on D r Ch e ney s land and occupying on e of them I well remember the time wh e n the house now enlarged and occupied a s the B ee Hive public house was built in the cro ss garden walk j ust mentioned which termin ated at the top of Broomhall street It was erected by a S hoemaker named Thomas Ro se H e was a little man wore top boot s and kept a hive of b e es in the garden be s ide the hou se H e got a license for the house and called it the B ee Hive Hi s pear tree on the front yet retains enough vitality to S how yearly a few leaves With the exception of the Old hou s e s with gardens and palisades at the top of West street and t h e large house in Broomhall street beside which until lately the there were I believe no house s (except r o c k s have built some garden cottage s ) from Portobello down to Holy G reen and the top of Bright G aol and Young streets A ll the intervening space was occupied with fields and gardens Hanover street was then a narrow country lane with fields on each side and I have myself pursued and tried to kill a weasel very near the spot where Hanover Chapel now stands The burial ground so called y e ars before it w as enclo sed and used is now St G eorge s churchyard This was a general play and cricket ground ; an d on a summer s evening many grou ps of men and boys might b e seen engaged in the ” game and enj oying the fresh air and the healthful exercise Mr WRA GG added to these remembrances by a referenc e to B lack L amb s lane now B roomhall stre e t If said h e a .
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15 6
V ANI SHED
WOO D S
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p erson stood at the corner of F itzwilliam street with the hotel behi n d him he could see the back of South street chapel o n She ffield Moor The only S hop i n the neigh — b o u rh o o d wa s kept by Mr Hardca s tle in Holly street h e who died sexton of St G eorge s Church Mr Sidebottom opened the next at the corner of Convent walk— n o w the Post O ffice The oldest house on G lo s s op road is that above Mr Shar m an s at the co r ner of G ell street n o w occ u pied by Mr Ward For many year s in deed u n til h i s death it was the re s ide n ce of an old ge n tle m an Mr Thoma s Broadhur s t I n the old days Black L amb s lane was quite a cou n try walk L E I G H T O N reminded u s that the hou so at the cor n er where Broomhall street and D evon shire street intersect noted for the solitar y ash tree in which the r o c k s per s i s ted in building for so man y years wa s the residence O f William Fairbank His brother o n e of the surveyors who planned G lo s sop r oad Jo s iah Fairbank liv ed i n what is now the West E n d Hotel at the botto m of N orthumberland road— a house i n tho se days with a charmi n g garden both before and behind With such re m i n i s cences a s these the q u iet evenin g s lipped on and we s at in s ilence for some time lazily watchin g the smoke as it curled upwards from our pipes in the s till air as mentally we dwelt in the past L E O NARD broke u pon our reverie with o n e of his abrupt speeches The wor s t of it i s said he that with all this much boa s ted exte n s ion an d growth the town is losi n g s o much of its old beauty Te n minut e s walk or so in any direction from the O ld Church would hav e brought u s thirty or forty years ago into charming country lan e s What a di s tanc e we have to go now befo r e we get rid of the smoky blacknes s E ven Wi n cobank i s lo s i n g i t s f resh nes s and is invaded by dull rows of hou ses Heeley i s r e pul s ive and as for A ttercliff e or Bright side or G rime s thorpe ugh " And how our woods have gone Without goin g S O far back a s Clay Woo d (so called from the B r i dg e h o u s e s family ) or B amforth Wood there were Cook Wood and the O ld Park Wood and H allc arr Wood where such delightful ” — ramble s were to be had how falle n how chan ged B am forth Wood reached from Hillfoot al m o st to O w le r t o n It belo n ged to Madame Bamforth and there was a well in it the water of which it was pretended would cure every disease People u sed to fetch the water from miles and miles L E I G HT ON : A ttercliffe has long been on the road to (pictorial ) ruin yet within the time you mention though de generating from country into town it was not without its ,
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15 8
B A TH S
IN
S T RE AM S
TH E
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so e ager to witness that part of the ceremony that they press e d to on e side an d lo the boat was instantly cap sized and they were plunged over head into the river Th ey were however soon rescued without any particular harm beyond a great fright and a thorough soaking A n old friend of min e who witnessed th e transactio n and possessed a ve i n of dry humour u sed to delight in puzzling his B aptist acquaintances with the following query That as the person s in the boat were voluntarily attending a religious service the nature of w hich they understood and that j ust at the moment an d in the hearing of the Minister s scriptural words of con secration t h ey w er e cer t ai n ly i mm er s ed ; the qu e stion was whether they did not a s really receive Christian B aptism on that o ccasion a s the others L E O NARD : It was at an earlier period that Mr Wesl e y u sed to bathe in the D on at Walk Mi ll JO HN S O N : William White in his D ir e ctory of Sheffield ha s the following Though the rivers of Sh e ffield afford ample m e an s for the e stablishment of a large and com m o di o u s suite of cold bath s we have not yet such a desirable institution tho se who wish to e nj oy the salubriou s exercis e of bathing being obliged either to immerse themselve s in t h e open river near G reen lan e (where there are a number of dressing booths ) or in the small and inconvenient bath s in Bridge street Younge street B all street Pond street G ar ” den s and U pper t h o rpe Can any one imagine for himself ” a large and commodiou s suit e of cold baths in o ur She ffield rivers as we know them JO HN S O N : The U ppert h o rpe baths wer e in what i s now A ddy street and were kept by one C o uldw ell The wat e r that supplied them and adj acent troughs wa s splendidly clear and cold It was used also by the Infirmary The baths in Colson crofts were known as B ro ck S Opp s That was befor e the G o i t was arched over and I remember the S ign i n forming the inhabitants that her e were baths in th e run ” ning stream L E O NARD : The e xtract I quoted j ust now shows what an immen se det e rioration our rivers have undergone F orty years ago they were not the semi sewers they ar e now A nd the change i s not only in the matter of cleanlines s and purity but in beauty also In a small poem published in 1 8 3 8 by Frederick H o r s field brother of the Re v T W H o r s field th e historian of L e w e s e ntitl e d A Rural Walk in June in ,
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BU RN
GRE AVE AND TH E
H ILL S
15 9
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the neighbourhood of Sheffield Mr H o r s fie ld havin g tracked ” the D on to Sheffield my birth place and pride says .
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I ve c au ght thy fin n y b r o o d , ’ ’ An d s ail d thy w e i r b o un d w at e r s o e r ’
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The fin n y i s I am afraid not now oft caught here O ne c an s ca imagi n e fi s h i n connection with the foul once a beautifu l river I n a note Mr H o r s field s tream says The river D on i n i t s co u r s e through Sh e fli e ld i s in ” ma n y parts adorned with ga r den s along i t s ba n ks We who s e e the riv ers of Sheffield in their present sad plight are in dange r of forgetting what they once were E VE RA RD : Ye s ; it was the n too that Mr B ailey s residen ce at B ur n G reav e now so completely s mothered by surrounding ho use s that it is ab s olutely i n v i s ible from the road was s poken of as a plea s an t villa s ta n di n g o n a gentle ” ri s e north of She ffi eld and about a mile fr o m the tow n There w as no hou s e between it and Mr S o rby s o n Spital hill ” T WI S S The Hill s beyo n d Bur n G reave o n ce the re si dence of old Thoma s Sca n tleb u r y the Q u aker of Campo lane wa s in tho s e days a charmi n g place It has al s o been th e re s ide n ce of Mr G eorge Hawk s wo r th of High s treet who was disting u i s hed for his succe s s fu l gardening O ne of Mr — A and E G ale s and Jame s S c an t leb u ry s son s once wrote Montgomery used to call on u s there The po et generally preferred to S i t on the ru stic s eat on th e Co m mo n as it used to be called to e nj oy the beautiful view An d well he might I once heard an e n th u s ia s tic Fre n chman who had travelled exten s i v ely in E ngla n d say it was the mo st beau ” tiful pro s pect he had see n in the country L E I GHT O N It u s ed to be s aid that there wa s no s treet in th e town from which the cou n try co u ld n o t b e s ee n It wa s not p erhap s s trictly true b u t it v ery clo sely appro xi mated to the truth— an d very pretty country peep s ma n y of them were L E O NARD They were char m i n g The scenery in the di ” rection of A ttercliffe lookin g fr o m High street wa s n oticed as e specially striki n g whe n the atmo s phere happened to be ” more or les s favourable or eve n by moonlight L E I GHT O N : It is s omethi n g that we still retain n ames indicati n g what many of o u r s treets m ay o n ce have been and we s hould all most earne s tly prote s t agai n st the ab s u r d man ia for altering goo d old characteristic names Harvest ,
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Ho ll an d
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T our of
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1 60
THE
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T O WN
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O UT S KI RT S
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lane and D aisy walk O rchard street (B ri n s w o rt h s orchard) N ursery s treet and Cornhill Mulberry street an d Sycamore street (hill) F igtree lane and many oth e rs tell u s what once was L E O NARD The idiots who change old name s — Tom Cros s lane to stupid Brunswick road and Coalpit lane to Cambridge — street ought to be ostracised They cannot have b een native born S h effielder s L E I GHT O N : I am reminded of E lliott s line s ,
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t n am e s Th at t ell o f bl o s s o m s an d t h e w an d er in g b e e I n bl ack P e a cro ft n o l ar k i t s l o n e n e s t fr am e s B al m gr e en t h e th r us h h ath c e as e d t o v i s it th ee Wh e n s h all B o w er S p r i n g h er an n u al c o rn cr ak e s ee ” O r s t ar t t h e w o o d c o c k i f t h e s t o r m b e n e ar " E VE RAR D A s to the outskirts we S hould have to make a S cen e s
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complet e circuit of the town to give even an idea of t h e changes There i s an article in th e I n dep en den t which glances at something of this kind A LL : R ead " E VE R ARD : The writer has been speaking of th e devoted loyalty of native S h e ffielder s to the town of their birth and the charms that even its dingy street s have in their retro s pe ct i v e eyes He has referred to the regrets one must feel at the neglected opportunities almost all of u s have had of recording and treasurin g up our local folk lore a s it dropped from time to time from the lip s of that generation n o w alas almost passed away which was blossoming into manhood and woman hood when the D irectorate had b e en aboli s hed an d ” N apoleon made Consul Is there asks the writer no B o swell in our midst who has made She ffield his Johnson ; no local Crabbe R obinson or Mrs B urney who has hordes of reminiscences and recollection s that might be given to a grate ful world 2 D id Sheffield never po ssess some fertile letter writer whose corre spondenc e would throw interesting light on the live s of our grandfathers an d great grandfathers B ut the following is the part of the article I wish specially to quote In the absence of more systematic chronicles we must b e as satis fied a s possible with what we can get and we must see to it that those who are now children may not hereafter have to complain of an y lack of material A nd indeed it requires no great age to expatiate from personal recollection on changes that have taken place in Hallamshire curious now and that will seem still more remarkable fifty y e ars h e nc e A cont e mplation of th e alt e ration s in our town .
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1 62
S UBU RB AN
C
O L O NI E S
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In firmary on th e low side was Philadelphia and on the top pleasant suburban colonies The N ether S ide U pper t h o rpe Hallam Workhouse was alone in its glory in the lower part of the Crookes moor road backed by the farmstead of B arber N ook and looki n g down upon the four small reservoirs that occupied the val ley below the G reat D am A ddy s treet an d the long rows of brick houses which are prolongation s of it up the steep hill side were a s yet u n i m agin ed bu t the upp er — part of Crooke s Moor road above B arber road w as much as it is now though Butcher s dam had not beco m e the neglected an d grass grown hollow it i s nor had the small triangular sheet of water called G odfrey s D am been a s yet s uperseded by the large reservoir on the upper side of D am road Broomhill s corned houses that did not s tand on their own grounds B ro o m field had not yet bee n invaded by horde s of builders ; and as for Broomhall Park the old Hall still stood alone in its glory the only house within th e domain its n e ar e s t n ei h b o u r s b ei n g the houses in Park la n e Broom g G rove was not a road bu t a solitary ho u s e the old footpath oppo s ite the bottom of N ewbould lane being still a thorough fare to E cclesall road The Cemetery had not yet S prung into existence bu t there were footpaths leading up to the r e mote region o f Sharrow head A cro ss Sharrow lane where W o s t en h o lm road intersects it now w as still to be traced the old pack horse ro ad to B e au chi e ff Mou n t Pleasant and the other residen ces at H i gh field and L o w field together with Sheaf House Clough House E a st B a n k The Farm an d a number of others to the so uth ea s t of th e tow n e nj oyed a delicious atmo sphere and beautiful gardens We need not r e mind our readers of th e state of things now L E ONARD R ow s upon rows of brick cottage houses L E I GHT O N Speakin g of N ew bould lane the writer might have mentio n ed the old house of B enj amin Withers i n Broom Park with the magni fice n t weep i ng Willow in fron t and the That ancient and field S lopi n g down to C lark eh o u s e lane decrepit looking residence may well have been startled out of e x istence by the C o n g re g r at i o n al Church and the modern villas which have usurped its place T WI S S : A nd as to Sharrow lane the old hou se by the Pack hors e road or bridle sty should not be omitted It i s a goo d S pecimen of the gentleman s hou se of the p eriod with an inscription over the doorway G 1 6 3 3 L — that i s to say G eorge L ee The family of L ee is v e ry ancient in L ittl e S h e ffie ld , altho ugh n o p e digr ee of i t app e ar s in th e Hallam ,
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H O U SE IN
OL D
S H ARR
OW LAN E
1 63
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hire Th e r e w as a R oger L ee of She ffi eld butcher who wa s living in th e first year of Qu e en E lizabeth and probably the same with a R oger L ee who died about 1 6 1 4 In the ” R eliquary vol 2 there is printed a copy of A n i n ven torie of the goo ds and ch at t e lls rights and cre di t t s of R oger L e e late of She ffi eld deceased priced by William B li t h William Bamford John Quicksall and Francis B arlow the x vt h daye of June The amount is £ 3 0 7 4 s 4 d R oger L ee was father to G eorge L ee who wa s dead in 1 6 4 9 and left a widow A nn e living in that year In the sam e volume to which reference has j ust been made there is also printed a Copy of The inventorie of the goo des ch at t e lls and c r e di t t s of G eorge L e e late of L ittle She ffield yeoman deceased taken and priced the three and t w entieth daie of A prill An n o D om 1 6 49 by N icholas Stones William L ee ” R obert Bright and G eorge L u dl am The amount in thi s case i s £ 6 7 0 1 3 s 4 d The next we meet with is R oger L ee of L ittle She ffi eld gent who seems to be referred to in one of the items in the la s t document He wa s father to Jonathan L ee of L ittle She ffield gent living 1 7 1 2 who had i s sue — Ge orge L ee of L ittle S h e fli eld B achelor of Physic identi fied in the initials on the old house which wa s probably built by him He died about 1 7 1 9 leaving a widow and two sisters his c o h e i r s z— l E li z ab eth married first to D aniel G ascoigne of S h efli eld apothecary and secondly (about 1 7 2 1 ) t o Christopher Cowley of Sheffi eld gent and died without i ssue 2 Ann who married in 1 7 1 5 John Fe n ton of L ittle She ffield gent and had i ssue a daughter E lizabeth who was wife to John Ro t h er am of D r o n field E sq Sheri ff of D erbyshire in 1 7 5 0 by whom she had Samuel Ro t h e ram of D ro n field E sq Sheri ff of D erbyshire 1 7 7 3 who died u n married i n 1 7 9 5 John F enton Ro t h er am who died u n married in 1 7 9 4 ; and an only daughter E lizabeth who al s o died unmarried in 1 7 9 7 A fter her death the estate devolved to Mr Joseph Cecil in who se d e scen dant s it has continued l to the present time JO HNS O N : A bout fifty yards higher up Sharrow lane i s another house of l e s s architectural pretensions but still in its decay preserving some of the dignity of it s former state This appears to have been t h e house of some substantial yeoman at a time when the yeomanry were t h e strength of E ngland O ver the door O f one of the t e nements into which S
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PA GE H ALL
1 64
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the hou se is now divided appears the in scription I D S 1 6 3 8 I n side the floors are still supported by oak beam s and rafters black with age There i s a fin e oak s taircase an d tra ces are distinct of a large open fireplace exte n di n g along the e n tire breadth of the room T WI S S I do not know to whom that house belo n ged L E O NA RD : O ur notice of the suburb s of Sheffield would be I n complete if we failed to glance at Page Hall in the day s when Mr G eorge Bu s tard G reaves with his bag wig an d his portly p er s on did the honou r s of She ffield to v isito r s of dis ti n ction or rolled into the town i n h i s yellow carriage (a phe It i s j ust over one n o m en o n then ) with sky blue liveries hundred years S i n ce Page Hall was built on lan d descr ibed ” ” in the early deeds a s Page Field an d Page G reave by " Thomas Broadbent the ba n ker of the Hart s head It was a notable place for it w as the first great outco m e of the i n c r e as i n g wealth of the town Many as have bee n the magn i fice n t hou s e s s ince built by our ma n ufacture r s Page Hall stoo d alone then and there were not wan ti n g bird s of ill o m e n who Cas sa n dra like p r ophe s ied a bad end to such u n p r ecede n ted extravagance There was some fou n datio n for their gloomy views for b efore the hall w as finished Thomas Broadbent w h o mu st have been a m an of large ideas found that he had not su fficiently counted the co s t and that his plan s were too grand for his purse ; so he curtailed the di m en s ion s of the hou s e in a way plainly to b e seen in the entrance hall to this day N or was this all for within a very few year s (the ho u s e was built in 1 7 7 3 an d the eve n t I now relate took place in 1 7 8 0 ) the ba n king firm of th e Hart s head had to suspend pay ment and Page Hall was mortgaged to Mr James Mil n e s of Thorne s Hou s e Wake field the tru s tee under the ban kruptcy I n 1 7 8 6 it wa s co n veyed to Mr G eorge B ustard G reave s who had married the heire s s of the Clays of B ridg eh o u s e s He as I have said kept high s tate there u ntil his death in ’ 1 8 3 5 when Mr Jame s D i x o n r whose biography i s o n e of the striki n g manufacturi n g episodes of the town bec ame the pur chaser I t remained in th e po sses s ion Of his son the late Mr William Frederick D ixo n u n til his death and the estate ha s j ust been sold (May 1 8 7 4 ) to Mr Ma r k Firth who i n tends to give a portion of it for the purposes Of a public park L E I G H T O N Which remi n ds me that sin ce we began these the lady of W eston Hall has laid down her c onversation s ,
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1 41
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CH APT E R V III B AN E S T RE E T
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C R O FT S B RO A D L ANE ,
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Presen t — M e s s rs
Tw rs s , LE I G H T O N , E V E R A R D , W RA G G , LE O N A R D an d JO H N S O N Perio d— A D 1 8 74 .
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We might very well devote this e ve ning s con ” versation to a tour in low latitudes —as they are They were not al w ays so a s a glance at some of the n ow houses will show A ny one can ea s ily pick out the old r e si den ce s of the old sub s tantial manufacturers of the last cen tury man y O f them now turned into public houses L E O NAR D Suppose we begin at Bank str e et and work o ur way o n wards E VE RARD : We shall then commenc e with the corner which was the I n dep en den t office from 1 8 46 to 1 8 6 3 L E O NARD These premises were built by Mr L uke Palfreyman hosier S n ig hill father of the late Mr Palfrey man solicitor O ppo s ite i s the O ld Bank now Mr Waddy s auction room It was here that Parker Shores Blakelo ck carried on business and here that they failed in the year O ne of the Shores 1 8 43 to the con s ternation of the town lived in the house attached Subsequently the premises wer e used for the Union Bank until it was removed further on the street VVRAG G : Proceeding on the right we reach what was the leather currier s shop of the late Mr E lias L owe — one which retained its old fashioned character until the death of its long occupant when it was turned into the o ffi ces now o c Mr L owe as mo s t of u s c u pi e d by Mr William F re t s o n remember him in his later days — portly ro s y faced and feeble was far diff erent from the E lias L owe of the olden time Then he wa s active an d a busy public man He was one of S h effield s fir s t A ldermen JOHN S O N His memory went far enough back to rem e mber the fig t re e s from which Figtree lan e takes it s name E VE RARD : In con firmation of that fact I myself well recollect when a little boy seeing the front of one of the houses covered with a figt r e e It was e ither the same o r RAGG
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B AN K S T REE T
67
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the ne x t hou s e to that in which blind Jonathan the fiddl e r lived He was a resp ectable man of that clas s in tho s e days WRA GG : Mr L owe s brother Isaac was th e keeper of a well conducted beer hou se in Bridge street T WI S S N ext comes the I n dep en den t o fli c e of the present day There formerly was a large garden which must have had a terrac e wall overlooking the precipitou s hill side down to Snig hill A p art of the old wall was found during the bu il ding of Mr L eader s p r esent prin ting offices L E I G HT O N O ppo site are the office s of Mes sr s Smith and Hi n de the pre s e n t part n ers bein g the so n s of the origi n al What a profound impre s sion the lo s s of Mr Hinde firm whe n cro s s i n g the A tlantic i n th e ill fated A rctic in 1 8 5 4 made on the town " Mr James Sykes late of the V ictoria corn mill wa s a n other She ffield man on board WRA GG : The new Unio n B ank on the left wa s erected on the site of the S ayn o r s factory They prior to 1 8 1 0 employed more ha n ds than any other fir m in the cutlery trade L E O NARD How completely workshop s in this street have now given place to lawyer s offices JO H NS O N : Thomas Saynor lived at 1 4 B ank street and carried on bu s i n es s at the back of A lderman V icker s o ffi ces The origi n al S ayn o r s were Samuel and John They were both factors and manufacturers their chief bu sine ss being done in L ondon in all kinds of kni v es s words sho e buckles skates scissors an d razors The busi n ess s ubsequently ca m e into the ha n ds of Thoma s Saynor Scargill croft who man ufactured the S portsman s knife scis sors razors an d pen machine knife A fter the steel pen came i n to use trade b egan to be bad I n s ailing from L ondon to Hull a dru n ken s ailor fell out of hi s hammock on to Mr Sayn or and inj ured him for life He lay for a long time in H u ll and after he cam e home he wa s unable to atte n d to his bu sine s s The mark which he struck w as R ain bow and his elde s t son strikes the s ame mark At Whitby York s hire another brother Jeremiah Sayn or wa s town bea dl e John kept the O ld B arrack T avern Bowlin g G reen and another Saynor dro v e the coach to D onca s ter and Thorne from W ai n g at e A bran ch of th e family is s till in E dward s treet and has been there for more than 5 0 years T WI S S We s hould not pas s that old ho stelry th e Ge orge an d D ragon without a mention ,
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1 68
B ANK
S T RE E T
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JOHN S O N : NO it wa s a noted market house in the day s when it was kept by John Cooper I have seen on a Tues day and Saturday a line of carts reaching from Figtree lane to the bottom of B ank street and I believe the late Ald Hoole was the cause of prohibiting their standi n g in the street T WI S S : L et u s take a p eep up the adjoining lane at th e Quakers Meeti n g hou s e It was r e built in 1 8 0 6 E VE R ARD : E ither at the time when the Meeting hou se was r e built or during the p eriod of some s ub s equent altera tion s the Friends assembled in the large upper room of Mr H o ylan d s iron warehouse now occupied by Mrs G Tucker N o 7 York street T WI S S : A n important contribution to local biography would b e an account of the worthy men who have been pro m inently connected with the Quakers Meeting house WRA GG : We have met with some already an d we shall yet meet with more L E O NARD : O n it s site formerly were gardens running down to and acro s s what i s n o w B ank street The old Quaker s Meeti n g ho u se was according to G o s ling s plan on the other side of Meeting hou s e lan e where are now the o ffi ces of the late Mr Fran ci s Hoole fo r merly Mr Tatter s h all s and now again another Mr Tat t e r s h all s E VE RARD : Tho se o ffice s were once of the school of the R ev Matthew Preston when he lived i n the house in F igtree lane now the Ho s pital for Women ; an d afterwards of Stephen Then o n the other S ide of Figtree lan e occupy E v e r s fie ld i n g the site of the synagogue of the Jews that they have deserted recently (in 1 8 7 2 ) in favour of a new one behind it with a frontage to N orth Church street was Mr William Cowley s E n glish G rammar school JO H N S ON : Tha t room in the cou r se of its existence has been put to very variou s u s es for it was the meetin g place of the Chartist s Mr Cowley s s o n married the daughter of John Cooper of the G eorge and D ragon B ank street and Quee n street fairly bristled with schoolmasters in those days B e s ides tho se who ha v e been mentio n ed and Mr John E ado n of whom we shall have to speak pre s en tly William Wright had a school in the room behi n d M r S m i lt er s o ffice b efore him occupied by John A ddy to say nothing of old N a n ny B as h fo r t h who lived in the passage past Queen street chapel WRA GG : Mr A ddy was better known as a teacher of drawing A ft e r Mr Wright succe e ded him in the room j ust -
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1 70
S T REE T
NEw
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such goods as are in the said hous e and were given and bequeathed unto me by William Sk arg ell my late ” father decea s ed T o his seco n d s o n Thomas he left the Cow clo s e and the Cow close head two clo s es of land in ” Bright s ide Bierley ; and al s o those my ff o u r e cottages at or near the West barr end which I p u rchased of John Bayes with one croft thereto adjo yn e i n g He had also land at U ppe r t h o rpe which he bequeathed to his daughter so that Jo s hua S k arg ell yeoman was quite a man of property L E O NARD : There was still a representative of the family in the town towar ds the end of the last century for as we shall have to remark presently Thomas S carg i l or Scargill was an original member of Queen street Chapel being one of the thirteen who left N ether Chapel to found it T WI S S N ew street must have been a very diff erent place when hou s es were provided in it as re s idences for the assistant ministers of the Parish Church The R ev G eorge B ayli ffe was one who lived there up to the time Of his death in He had been as s i s tant minister for 44 years holdi n g 1 8 04 al s o the curacy of E cclesall for 3 4 of them ; an d before that he had bee n curate to the R ev W Steer of E c cle s field for B orn in 1 7 2 1 he was of course a very old man 1 5 years when this century came in Mr Hunter has described him as low in stature wearing a white curled wig and cocked hat and accustomed to take early cou n try walk s befo r e breakfast The G en t leman s M ag az i n e in a n otice probably written by his colleague the R ev E dward G oodwi n s peaks of Mr B ayli ff e in his domestic relations in the highe s t terms and says that he was economical without parsimony of the strictest integrity and ready to do every good work In the discharge of his o ffi ce as a clergyman he was piously regular and punctual on every occasion His discourses were j udicious and instructive and accompanied with a proper degree of animation In his clerical vi s its he was unwearied and diligent and spared no pains to maintain that happy harmony which ” subsisted between him and his brethren L E I GHT O N : B etween Ne w street and Scargill croft is now the County Court To build it were remo v ed the old house s where formerly wa s Mr John Parke r solicitor brother of Mr A damson Parker and of the R ev Frank Parker of D o r e Mr Parker built the large ho u se on the other side of N ew street formerly the Highway o ffice now occupied as solicitors chambers wh e re the c e lebrated L uke Palfreyman liv e d ,
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B ANK
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S REE
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171
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JO HN S O N : William Wood spirit m e rchant lived at th e top of Scargill croft There w as a large s kittle alley attached to the hou s e Mr Woo d wa s on e of the large st s pirit mer chant s i n the town In this croft too were John O wen s malt kil n s ; and after him Mr Parkin succeeded to them His s o n now carrie s on the same bu s ine s s in Coulson street William Walmsley blackin g manufacturer wa s here also He had a good trade and at night he u s ed to spend his time playi n g the dulcimer He wa s a great f avo ul i t e with the ladie s and he was in request at pa1 t i e s and balls along with blind Jo n athan the fiddle1 and wait who lived i n Figtree lane Then there was Mrs Binns who kept the N elson Inn N ew street It wa s one of the mo st r e s pe ct able h o u s e s in When the n otoriou s Peter F o de n Sh e fli eld fifty years ago married an d commen ced business on his own account he took the shop which then had a bow window in B ank street s i n ce co n verted into o ffi ces and now o ccupied by Mr Henry V ickers Patience D avy the quakeress kept a noted wor s ted shop next to the Cou n ty Court an d a fin e business she did There wa s no knitting by machinery then an d no worsted like Pati e nce D avy s She was s killed in curing wounds and bruises and p eople came from all parts of the town for her help Her charge was T h ou art welcome She retired with an inde pen den c e to the better regions of G lo ssop road where she died at a green old age O n the other s ide of the street in ” one of L awyer Tat t er s h all s hou ses was William N adin who lived and made hi s fortune in F arg at e s tay maker opposite the E xchange drapery e s tabli s hment and retired to Bank street His son William wa s apprenticed to the father of the late Joseph Woodcock brushmaker This son wa s a great politicia n and Jac o bi n He married Martha Wright of whom Mr Wragg told u s a cu r iou s anecdote in connection wi th the Pari s h Ch u rch and Mr Joseph N adin who r epr e s ents St Philip s Ward in the Town Council i s their son John Bland the late chief con s table of R otherham lived next door to Messrs Clegg and S on s office H e wa s the son of William Bland mentioned once before Then in the house occupied by the firm of solicitors j ust men — n d i e lived Samuel Broadhead afterwards Broadhead an d t o A tkin Britannia metal an d fin e scissors manufacturers The title deeds do not state how old this property is but it was stan di n g in 1 7 8 7 when He n ry Tudor bought it fr om John N odder and Mr William Tattershall bought it from the trustee of Henry T udor in 1 8 24 Th e n t h e late ,
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QUEEN S T REE T
1 72
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A ld Franci s Hool e bought it from th e e x e cutors of th e late .
William Tatter s hall L E O NARD B efore leaving B ank street we ought at l e ast to me n tion the names of R obert R odgers solicitor father of the present Mr T W R odgers J P and John Wat son 3 B a n k street brother of Thomas Watson s ilv er plat er who educated eight poor boys at the charity school He was o n e of the old She ffield worthie s There was too the prede ce s sor o f the late Mr Thomas Badger as coro n er Andrew A llan Hardy who liv ed at N o 1 9 Strange tale s have been told of him when L ord Cochrane was wanted on a charge of high treason but he wa s so much respected that the Secretary of State could not fin d any one who would give information a s to his whereabouts WRA GG : At the corner of Figtree lane i s the beginning of Queen street and the oldest h ou se in the street now o c cu pi e d by Mr H ax w o r t h surgeo n It was built i n 1 7 8 4 by one of the H o u n s fields of Pond hill T WI S S It has u sually been said th at Mes srs R ayn er and Turner built the house A t that time the grou n d was covered with trees and was called Wade s O rchard There s eem s to have been some he s itation whether to call the n e w s treet Queen street or Fig street WRA GG It w as in the same year that Queen s tr eet chapel wa s built by Thomas V en n o r and Joh n R ead A s Mr Twis s said of the Quaker s Meeting hou s e s o I might say of this a biography of those who attended it would include some of the oldest and b est familie s in the town E VE RARD This chapel as no doubt mo s t of you are aware was founded by some members of the N ether or L ower Chapel who apprehended several things to be exceptio n able ” in th e ministry and conduct of the R ev John Harmer its th e n pastor A s early as 1 7 8 2 communications were ex changed between them and the Re v Jehoiada Brewer and eventually (March 2 6 1 7 8 3 ) he accepted their invitation O n the 28 t h of the same month Mes s rs V e n n o r R ead and Smith agreed with Mr Wheat the attorney for a piece of ground situate in Queen street for the term of 9 9 years at l é— d p er yard for the purpose of erecting a place of wor s hip thereon Mr Brewer came to Sh efli e ld July 1 3 1 7 8 3 ” preached for a time in the long room in N orfolk street and his first sermon in the new chapel (though not yet com Meantime Mr Harmer declin plet ed) D ecember the 3 r d ing to giv e th e s e c e d e rs th e ir dismissal e xp e lled them from .
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1 74
THE RE V
JEH O IADA BRE WE R
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spiritual life The chief manifestation of the power of such life existed amongst the Wesleyan Methodist s Howard street G arden street L ee croft an d Attercli ffe chapels were non existen t — not to mention those that have been erected durin g the present century I n fact N ether Chapel and Coalpit lane Chapel (then recently erected i n 1 7 8 0 i n c o n sequence o f a secessio n from the former on the appoi n tme n t of the R ev John Harmer ) were the only two In dependent places Of worship i n She ffi eld Mr Brewer was a m an of no ordin ary stamp In p erso n he was well built po sses s i n g a bodily con stitution capable of sustaining a great amount of physical labour an d mental e ffort ; as the fact that he regu larly preached six times a week be s ides attending to his other engagements may su ffi ciently attest He had a voice of great compas s powe r and flexibility and a countenance i n dicative of energy an d decision deriv in g in part it s expre s s i v e n e s s from a dark pierci n g eye which as he gave utterance to the stro n ger emotio n s Of the soul wa s wont to flash with the fire of intense animatio n A s a preacher he was emi He was a man of action n en t ly practical an d searching rather than O f speculatio n the pop u lar preacher rather than the profound metaphysician or learned divine His f o r t e con s isted in the clear comprehension and statement of scrip tural truth The interest and charm of his di s courses chiefly co n sisted in their being p ervaded by the essential element of strong common sense rendered attractive by familiar illustra tions and e n forced by a popular logic A s a pastor he wa s e x e m plary and faithfu l in the discharge of the duties of hi s o ffice The theological system which he embraced and ex pou n ded wa s that which I may denominate a s a scriptural Calvinism In political sentiment Mr Brewer entertained somewhat ultra L iberal opinions His views and prefere n ces in thi s respect he boldly an d openly declared at a ti m e when such avowal rendered a man liable to b e reproached with being a ssociated with i n fidels in the a ssertion of the neces s ity of parliame n tary reform an d in the advocacy of the claim s of civil and religious liberty D ecided in all his views he was from principle and conviction a stanch N onconformist The distinguishing characteristic of his ministry wa s its earnest ne ss A fter a successful course of nearly thirteen years some unpleasant circumstance s aro se in the church which even t u ally issued in Mr Brewer s removal to Birmingham in 1 796 He concluded his work in this town by preaching a farewell sermon t o a crowded and deeply impre ssed con .
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Q U EE N S T RE E T
g reg at i o n
CHAPE L
1 75
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O n that special occasion he took for his text the Finally brethre n farewell " A fter givin g o ut
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words these words he burst into tears an d although a m an of great self po s ses s io n he was so deeply a ffected that he had to S i t down before h e could s u ffi cie n tly recover himself to be able to proceed Mr Brewer had laboured at Birmi n gham for about twenty years when a new and much larger chapel was begun He w as in feeble health when he laid the fou n dation sto n e of the buildi n g and on that o ccasion remarked that when the chap el w as Opened they would have to walk over his gra v e " Thi s proved to be the fact He died on St B ar t h o lo m ew s D ay the 2 4 t h A ugu s t 1 8 1 7 aged sixty six years and the late R ev John Hammo nd one o f his converts at She ffield gave the fu n eral addre s s L E O NARD Was there n o t so m e peculiar circum stance in connection with Mr Brewer coming to Sheffield E V E R A RD Yes His first settleme n t was at R odborough i n G loucestershire and the event to which you refer happened there It may be of much interest to an y of yo u who are attracted by the philo s ophy of dreams It is reported by mo st credible witnesses who had it from Mr Brewe r s own lips O ne S aturday night he dreamt it was the Sabbath ; and that after he had ascended the p ulpit and commenced the service he saw a stranger whom he had never seen before enter the chapel and sit down in a certain pew He thought that after the service this person cam e into the vestry to That S peak to him and gave him an invitation to Sh e fii eld was his dream The next day whil s t engaged in the public service he actually saw the gentleman who se likenes s had been presented to him in hi s dream walk i n to the chapel and take his seat in the identical p ew This proved to be no other person than Mr John R ead who at the conclu s ion of the service went into the vestry and informed Mr Brewer that his busi n e s s was to propo se to him a j ourney to Sheffield It is certain that Mr Brewer regarded this a s an e x t r ao r di n ary circumstance and it practically contributed to fr ee his ” min d from all doubt or hesitation in accepting this call L E O NARD : The Re v James Boden who followed Mr Brewer w as minister of th e chapel from 1 7 9 6 to 1 8 3 9 with the R ev J o seph A ugu stus Miller as co pastor fr om 1 8 3 6 Mr Boden co n tented himself with keeping a mere li s t of members in the Church book during his time so that we cannot trace the cha n ges in the deacon s more accurately than to say that Wm A lsop 1 7 8 5 1 8 30 ; Wm Smith 1 8 0 3 1 8 1 7 ,
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1 76
Q U EE N S T RE E T
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William A ndrews 1 8 0 3 1 8 30 ; William E agle 1 8 0 4 1 8 20 L ewis Thomas 1 8 0 5 1 8 3 2 ; all fi ll ed the o ffice somewhere betwee n the figur e s appended to each name the first bei n g the year i n which they j oined the church the second the year of their death In 1 8 3 4 the list was : R obert Mars i t s m o o r hill side (the only survivor of the earlie s t den P four) Thomas D unn Cornhill R obert L eader Portobello John G reaves G lossop road G eorge Merrill Harvest lane ; John E ado n Broad lan e ; R ichard Thomas Taylor She ffi eld Moor Mr Marsden died in 1 8 34 and i n 1 8 44 (mi n ister the R ev John Hope Muir ) Mr D u n n and Mr Taylor havin g left the chap e l the places of these three had been supplied by E dward Hall E dward Hebblethwaite and R obert Water house I t is not worth while to brin g down the record later than this With regard to A ttercliffe In dependent Chapel which Mr E verard has mentioned its origin dates from 1 7 9 3 when the Queen street people took an empty house at Atter cli ff e and there Mr Brewer preached every Wednesday even This was soo n fou n d too small whereupon a chapel in g was built and opened in O ctober of the same year L E I GH T O N Q uee n street Chapel is altered now I well ” remember wrote a minister who visited the town i n 1 8 5 9 after many years absence when that chapel was fronted with a dead brick wall with a wooden gate ; no porch over the doors all withi n as plai n a s the simple s t white wash a narrow ve stry at th e lower e n d an d the Sabbath school con ducted on the other side of the street in the room s where ” Mr John E ado n had his academy E V E RARD It w as afterwards Farnsworth s at the bottom of N orth Church street Mr E ado n lived in the corner house of that street and Queen street B ut N orth Church street was not opened through in tho se days B elow Wheat s passage leading from Paradise square was a precipitou s bank which had not then been cut away B elow that bank and i m mediately above the school were the step s desce n di n g i n to the wood yard as at this day That yard belonged to Mr Fox who lived at the hou se at the other e n d facin g Paradise square Proj ecting into the yard from Wheat s passage was the house of Mr Axe round which the thoroughfare wound e merging into Wheat s passage by another flight of step s B elow were the backs of the Queen street houses in which lived (next to Mr E ado n s ) William Knowles then Quaker G urney and at the cor n er as now was Mr Bowman s pawn brok e r The yard e x i sts now j ust a s it did th e n ; but it -
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1 78
S ILVE R S T RE E T
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murderers of E dward II A third son of one of the G urneys became a Quaker under the preachi n g of G eorge Fox an d the family has long been seated in N orfolk The late Mrs F ry was a G urn ey I am sorry I cannot S how the connection of the She ffield G urneys wi th the G urney s of N orwich but not with standi n g they are of the same family L E O NA RD : Cou s ins I believe WRA GG Continuing along Queen street we get into quite a new r egio n caused by the ope n in g through of the street from Workhouse lane (Paradi s e street ) to W e s t bar green and Scotla n d street O n the right near Silver street have r e c en t l disappeared some old cottages that were below the level y A few yards up Silver street i s the Star inn O f the street beari n g the in scription — First hou s e i n Silver street 1 7 42 f t , Fifty or sixty years ago that wa s a good double house In Silv er street too the Messrs D ixon carried on business b e fore they removed to Corni s h place A t that tim e a man who lived in Workho u se lane had h i s letters directed to Silver street becaus e it sounded more respectable At the top cor ner of Silver street there was a grocer s s hop which did a good busi n ess it s o ccupier being Mr Thomp s on who u n fo r Since then the house has t u n at ely failed about 3 7 year s ago gone through a variety of experiences inclusive of course of a beerhou se It i s now occupied by a renovator of old sho e s E VE RARD : I have heard it said that thi s Mr Thomp son got his nickn ame of S po n t y Thomp s on from having u s ed ” the word spo n taneou s in a S peech at some meeti n g But I should rather think it w as given to him as descriptive in a single word of his marvellou s powers of speech and con versation When very young I once spent an evening in his company and was very much struck an d intere s ted by him His words came in one co n tinuou s flow and hi s la n guage was far more pure and re fined and exempt from prov in cialisms than it i s usual to hear in the course of conversation L E O NARD Jonathan Watkinson who was so unmercifully satiriz ed by Mather that he is said to have died of a broken heart was a Silver street resident He was one of the prin and was Master Cutler in c i pal manufacturers of the day His suppo sed o ffence was that he fi r st exacted from 1 78 7 workmen thirteen to the dozen ; but it is doubtful whether he deserved the abuse he got as may be seen from the notes in John Wilson s e dition of Mather s Songs pp 6 3 6 7 .
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F RAN K F EAR N
1 79
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WRA GG : In Silver street head near th e Square the grand father o f Mr John Clayton the auctioneer chan ged his bu si nes s from a leather breeche s maker to a broker and auctioneer and soo n removed next door to a much larger shop that w as previou s ly kept by a grocer a well known man whose name I have forgotten Mr Clayton s second shop was t h e one lately occupied by Mr N eal He had not been in busin es s more than ten year s when he retired H e died in the house at the top of Convent walk afterwards occupied by Mr W ” S Brittain D own at the corner wa s N eddy Maden a shoemaker who at his death had accumulated more than He died on some of his property at the corner of I n W e s t b ar gree n where is D uke street and Porter street now the bottom of Scotland street (before it was Opened through to Queen street and when the only i s s ue w as through the crooked G rin dle gate oppo s ite Silver street head ) was the residence and manufactory of Mr E llis file m an u f ac turer The house stoo d backward with pali s ades an d o c cu pied the breadth o f the now street He was a very respect able m an but I am sorry to say one of his apprentices was Frank Fearn who wa s gibbeted on L oxley cha s e for the m u r der of N athan Andrews Fra n k Fearn wa s n aturally o f a depraved dispo s ition and Mr E llis often predicted he would die with his shoes on A story i s told that when o n the scaff old he said My ma s t e r ha s often told me I should die wi t h my shoes on so I shall pull them O ff and make him a ,
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L E O NARD
Mather in his song on Frank Fearn makes him p enitent on the sca ff old but possibly with more poetical licenc e than historical truth T WI S S : There has been a goo d deal of speculation a s to what became of Frank Fearn s gibbet po st It is commonly believed that it was used as a foot bridge over the Ri v e li n or the L oxley an d it has been stated that having been wa s hed down to S h e fli e ld by a flood it came into the posses s io n of a builder an d wa s used by him along with a quantity of other old material obtained by the removal of the Shrewsbury Hospital in erecting a row of cottages which stand i n a street that still bear s the builder s name WRA GG : In G rin dle gate lived the grandfather of the late Mr Thomas D unn L E I GHT ON : A t the corner of W e s t bar gr e en and G ri n dle gat e was the grocer s shop of Jo seph Haywood father of the lat e lawyer and magistrate It is still in the same trade :
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PEA
180
O
CR F T
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O
GE RGE S MI TH
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When I we n t to school with Thomas Haywood the younger son of the grocer mentioned the family kept and lived at a s h Op in Scotland street oppo site No w i ll and Son s warehous e WRA GG : In Scotland s treet wa s Mr B enj amin Parkin a large S pring knife manufacturer He tur n ed the fro n t of the premises into a dram shop and carried on the bu s i n es s of a spirit merchant The place is now Messrs Mower and Pearson s N ear where i s the pawnbroker s s hop of Mr Hides was 6 0 or 7 0 years ago Mr Samuel Peace g r ocer He afterwards beca m e a saw man u facturer and acq u ired an ample competency He w as father of the late Mr Charles Peace one of our early alde r m e n L E I GHT O N On e i m proveme n t here is that the Scotland ” str e et feast which had dege n erated into an excuse for d r in k ing and i m morality is a thin g of the pa s t but it died hard and has not lo n g since di s appeared E VE RARD : A t the bottom of Pea croft was (an d i s ) a baker s shop kept by G oodison the father of Mr G oodi s on the attorney L E O NARD : The hou se is still standing in Pea croft that was built by the gra n dfather of Mr A lbert Smith— G eorge Smith who was Ma s ter Cutler in 1 7 4 9 an d who se fea s t as already told co st £ 2 2 s 9 d That was in the day s when the app r entice s lived in the hou s e with their maste r s ; and as Mr Smith had besides a large fa m ily of children he u sed to lead rather a long p r oces s ion whe n he we n t weari n g his cocked hat down the Croft u p Sil v er s treet head and acr o s s Hick s stile field to the Parish Ch u rch of which o n e of h i s son s was afterwards to be assi s tant minister There they occupied two pews It i s a family traditio n that on a Sunday to be remembered o n e of the apprentice s ventured to c o m plain about the pudding Mrs Smith got up and boxed his ears saying : Thou grumbles at such puddin g as thi s " B etter flour and better watter were never put together L E I G HT O N : We have changed all that by the modern sys tem of apprentices The alteration wa s beginni n g at the clos e of the last ce n tury an d attracted the attention of Wilber force who remarked i n his diary A n i n creasi n g e v il at She ffield is that the apprentices u s ed to live with the ma s ters and be of the family ; now wives are grown too fine ladies to ” like it ; they lodge out and are much les s orderly L E O NARD : B ut under the old system apprentices if not le ft so much to th e ms e lv e s had v e ry hard times of it There E VE RARD
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T REA T ME N T O F APPRE N T I CE S
182
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apprentices always had a batch beforehand that the lads might eat les s It i s not therefore specially surpri s ing that whe n they had an opportu n ity they s n atched a cake from the bake s tone On e lad was k nown to put an oat cake i n a coal ba s ket with the coal o v er it while another co n cealed one under his shi rt and though in s tantly missed it was de O n o n e occa s ion they v o u r e d before recovery was possible had brewis or br e w e s for di n ner O ne of the lad s thought to b e somewhat de ficient i n i n tellect wa s seen to b e p u lling When a s ked what he was goi n g to do he O ff his j acket replied I m going to j ump into the pan cheon to fetch that ” big piece of cake out on the other side B arber with all his parsimony died in the Workhouse L E O NA RD What is brewis W R A GG : O at cakes mixed with dripping and hot water poured o n seasoned with salt and pepper E VE R A RD : It i s the traditional dish when the Cutler s Company l u nch together before th e annual swearing i n of the Ma s ter Cutler It i s an old Saxo n di s h In G areth an d L ynette we read : He had not beef an d brewis enow L E O NARD : A She ffi eld r hym s ter named Senior has sung the woes of the appre n tice s ,
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Wh e n t p ren ti c e
lad at e g r e e n w o r t ’ Ta m ilk an p o r r i dg e bl u e , ’ ’ An if at n e e t h e d ar d t a r ak e , ’ Th ez e t u rn d a dark e r h u e
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b e ll ad du n E L o r d M ay o r s h o es an l e ath e r di ck s E t s m ithy h e w er e f u n If
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A w u rk i n f u r h i s daily b r e ad , Th at c am e at br ai k f as t ti m e , ’ ’ G r ac d w i a fr i n g e , az g r e e n a ti n g e ’ ’ ” Az t f aan t i n 0 thi s r hy m e '
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T WI S S : A nother She ffield man in describing the former condition of appre n tices s aid that the bad treatment to which they were subj ected originated the s ayin g He s treated a s ” bad as ony pre n tice lad They were s aid this writer i n di fferently fed an d worse clothed but it mu s t be admitted that s ome good old da m e s behaved well to them The ma s ters however kept them in the s m ithy all the time pos sible from early i n the mo r n i n g till almo s t bed ti m e Thi s con finem e nt wa s very i nj urious to young lads and from stand ,
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HE FF IE L D APPRE N T I CE S
83
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ing in awkward po sitio n s to do their work a gr e at number of them became kn ock or kn ocker kneed The growing pren tice in his smithy attire wa s a picture Tall and thin with looks that bespoke hard work and poor feeding he would be enca s ed i n leather breeche s that had been big enough three or four years befo r e but with which now he wa s on bad term s they havin g run in and he havi n g run out The co u se u en c e was garments that did not cover to the k n ees ludi q and s hi n i n g with oil and grease O r if they c r o u s ly tight were of fu s tia n they were le s s con strai n i n g than the leather and consequently needed a constant hitch to keep t hem from slippi n g down altogether — for brace s were not O n his head he would have an old hat crown or a brown paper cap ; hi s S hirt s le e v e s do u ble d up would probably reveal a p air of old s tocking legs on hi s arms Sometimes but not always he e njoyed the luxury of s tockings on their proper members with a pai r of old shoe s of th e mester s or dame s by way of saving his o w n for Sundays A dd to these things a shirt unbutto n ed at the neck and a leather apro n an d you have a pict u re of a cutler s prentice of former days The regular diet of the lads was in the mor n ing a quarter of what (oat ) cake and milk porridge with not too much milk T o dinner there would be broth and meat from fat mutton or coarse parts of beef A quarter of oat cake to drinking at four o clock and supper as breakfast It wa s co n sidered the height of extravagance to eat oat cake s that were not a week old Monday w as baking day and a week s batch wa s done at a time so that by the time they were eaten they were quite mouldy an d before the batch w as fini s hed they were nearly a fortnight old The lads the n called them biscuit It u sed t o be s aid that to let t h e lads eat new bread would ruin a man with a h u ndred a year A fter s upper the prentice s had to fetch on their heads water for the hou se supply (sometime s fro m a considerable di s tance ) to feed the pigs and then if there were 11 0 errands to run they might play till bed time B efore a lad was boun d he ge n erally we n t a li king to his propo sed master and if thi s led to s atisfaction on both sides h e was taken to the Cutler s Hall where he was bound app r e n tice u n t i l he had attain ed the fu ll age of twenty on e the bin ding fee being half a crow n which was paid by the lad s f1 iends or the ma s ter H i s s even years servi ce was no plea s ant thing to look forward to but there was the e n c o u ragin g prospect o f ha vi n g a good trade in his fing e r s at the end of the tim e That over he had to take out his mark and ’
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184
D
AME S
AND
MADAM S
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freedom b e fore he could begin working a s a j ourneyman with H i s mark was registered by the C utlers Co m pa n y s afety for a fee of 2 s 6 d with 2d annually as mark re n t If he n eglected payi n g this f o r seve n years an y other person might take the mark O therwi s e it was pir acy for any person to Sometim e s s trike a m ark without the co n sent of the owner a mark w as let for a s o r t of royalty— say 1 s per gross if it were a profitable one There have been instan ces of the right of mark being s old for as much as £ 1 5 0 when it was ” in good repute L E O NARD I do not think we ought to dismiss the subj ect of apprentices without a glance at the D ames who had so much to do with them There u sed to be a saying that there have been no good doin gs in Sh effield since so many fin e mi s tresses came into fashion and the good old dame s were supplanted D ame s were alway s looked upon as matrons and claimed respect The prentice lad regarded his dame D ame s as a m other and s h e acted a m otherly pa r t to him had all the ma n agement of the affairs of the ho u s e and family ” ” There were said t m e s t e r n ever interferin g in the m a writer now dead a g r eat m an y dam es when I was a boy an d they would have taken Offence if any o n e had giv en them title of mistress since that word was the n used only in its bad meanin g L adies of higher rank were Madam s a s Madams Shore Fell B amforth H u tton &c Some of these madams wore hoops of cane near the bottom of their gown s 4 0 i n ches or more i n diameter an d to enter a door they had to p u ll their gown bottom s a s la n t to Obtain e n trance N othing so ridic u lou s had ever bee n seen u n til cri n oli n es came into vogu e a few years ago There was a wonderfu l di fference i n the appeara n ce of these madam s and the dame s The latter on a working day had a lin sey wolsey or checked bed gow n in which to do her hou s ehold work ; a woolle n or blue apron b e fore her and her plain cap fitting clo s e to her head The house was a model of bright n ess and order E v erythi n g in it s proper place clean as a n ew pin the pewter and p ewter case a credit to her care The tre n chers as clea n the fir e iro n s can dlesticks brasses coppers & c as bright as hand s could make them In the eve n in g you would s e e her da u ghter and the servant girl —s ho u ld o n e be kept— at a s pin n i n g wheel A ll the dame s bed an d ta ble li n e n had bee n s pu n thu s each had her task of spinnin g to accompli s h by the end of the week and the noise was such as would not n o w be tolerated by th e mal e memb e rs of the family O n a Sunday the dame ’
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PE A C R O FT
186
.
middle of o n e side with the fi r eplace facin g it ; an d at either a hearth with the bell o ws i n the corn er an d the en d i s in their proper sit u ation s The walls are s tithy s tocks pla s tered over with clay or wheel s warf to keep the wi n d out of the c r e v ices s o m eti m es the l u xu ry of a rough coat of lime may eve n be i n du lged i n The floo r i s of mud the windows about half a yar d wide an d a ya r d lo n g hav e white pap e r well satu r ated i n boiled 0 11 in s tead of gla s s or in s ummer are ope n to the air I n o n e cor n er is a place partitio n ed off for t m e s t e r as a wa r ehouse or s tore roo m an d on each S ide are the work boards with vices f o r hafter s p u tte r s togethe r &c O v er the fi r eplace i s a paddywack al m an ack an d the wall s are covered with last dyi n g s peeches an d co n fes s io n s D eath an d the L ady wilful m u rders Chri s t m a s carols li s t s of all the r unning ho r s es an d so forth He n s u s e the s m ithy for their roo sti n g place an d s ome time s other liv e s tock have a harbour the r e— as r abbits g u i n ea pig s o r d u ck s while the wall s are not de s titute of si n gi n g bi r d s cage s There are o dorous o u t o ffic e s clo s e adj oi n in g and it is essen t ial that the whole sho u ld be within ea s y call fr om the back door of ” t me s ter s house WR A GG We mu s t not pa s s Pea croft witho u t a mentio n of that old an d re s p ectable firm Matthias Spence r an d Son In 1 7 8 7 it w as s i m ply Matthia s Spencer file s m ith ; but later the s o n was added to the firm an d they becam e s teel con v erters an d refi n ers ; an d i n s tead of the s i m ple file they were manufactu r er s of file s edge tool s s aws s m ith ” The descendants of the origin al firm are still the r e &c an d old M r John Spe n cer who live s at R otherham an d has n o t di s carded breeches for s uch new fa n gled thi n gs as trou s er s is the senior pa s t Master of the Cutlers Company He held the o ffice in 1 8 3 5 L E I G H T O N : A n other Master Cutler of Pea croft fame wa s G eorge Woo d scissors maker His was the hou s e with the pali s ades n o w a beer hou se H i s year of o ffice w as 1 7 9 1 an d the p r e v io u s yea r ha v i n g bee n di s ting u i s hed by a di s pute betwee n the ma s ters and their workme n i n which Mr Wood took a promin e n t par t he cam e in for a s hare of Mather s u n spari n g ab u s e WR A GG : I n Hawley croft were located the Messrs R odgers In the same street is a s tone building n o w of N orfolk s treet with quoi n s an d s tring cou r s es an d two bow w indows ha vi n g e v idently been s hops The dat e of this is 1 7 2 4 with M the i n itials T M The door above is a very large house wh e n ,
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HAWL E Y C RO FT
87
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it was built it would p erhap s be the largest house in the town It was a beer ho u s e for a number o f years E VE R AR D : The ho u se con s ist s of 2 4 room s one of which O ver the i s b u ilt u p an d it i s now used as a lodging hou se fir e plac e i s a sort of shield bearing the date of 1 7 2 1 an d the I i n itial s D S ; (th e S is somewhat doubtful — i t m ay be some other letter ) My father has often told m e that when he wa s a ” little boy and lived in the neighbourhood Sq u ire Bright as he w as then called lived i n this house He wa s described a s a goodly — looki n g p er s onage with powde r ed wig cocked hat golde n headed cane an d silv er shoe buckles who might often be s een s tandin g at the entrance ; whilst the you n g urchin s were wo n t to gaze upo n h i m with ad m iratio n an d wonder an d wo u ld occa s io n ally get a peep at h i s fl o ck of beautifu l pigeons an d at the green gra s s plot at the back of the ho u s e together with the garde n s The s e compri s ed the lan d exte n di n g to ” L ee croft an d I believe included the site o n wh ich L ee croft Chapel now stan ds L E O NAR D : Mr Holland has it that one of these Hawley croft hou s e s — probably he mean s that of 1 7 2 4 was built and occ u pied by Jonathan Watkinso n of whom we spoke in con I do not know on what evidence n e c t i o n with Silver s treet L E I GHT O N : In Hawley croft too w as Jo n athan B eard He kept an i n n the ve r y hou s e above described with s haw the pas s age that leads in to L ee croft an d he made much money there WRA GG Yes it w as the B all he kept and he did it with profit an d credit to hi m self He w as the father of the late Alderman B e ar ds h aw and the grandfather of the prese n t Mes s r s B e ar ds h aw of B altic Work s A ttercliffe L E I G H T O N : He was by trade a S ilversmith but on hi s only surviving s o n G eorge comin g of age he set him up and e n tered in to p artner s hip i n the saw trade WR A GG I n White croft were Mr Jame s Wild (of whom I spoke i n con n ection with his re siden ce at the top of To head s treet ) an d the J e rvi s e s de s cended from the D utch cut lers who were amo n g s t the artisan s that quitted th e N ether la n ds to a v oid the cruelty of the D uke of A lva an d who came to Sheffield through the in s trumentality of the E arl of Shrews bury E V E R AR D : L awyer Jer v is the R ev Mr Jervis for merly o f the Collegiate School an d Mr Jervis late druggi s t i n G lossop r oad (who had bee n appre n ticed to Messrs Carr Woodhouse and Carr ) were of this family .
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188
S
IM S C RO FT
H O LLI S C RO FT
AN D
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Sim s CI Of t —NO 6 — the g r a n dfather o f th e late M r R owbotham grocer ca r r ied o n b u s in e s s befo r e he remo v ed i n to T e n ter s t r eet oppo s ite the bott o m of Sim s croft about 8 0 year s ago It is ea s y i n all the s e St r eet s s till to They are s pot out the h o u s e s of the old m a n u fact u r e r s mo s tly now p u blic o r bee r ho u s e s At the top of Sim s croft Fo r m e r ly it was occ u pied by a f o r i n s ta n ce ther e i s o n e per s o n na m ed B ee i n th e b r ace bit lin e I n h i s day it was said he w as m akin g mo n ey fa s t by po s s e s s i n g a v al u able The r e 6 0 year s ago o n e of h i s so n s kept s ecret i n gildi n g a hu n te r which w as co n s ide r ed a wo n de r fu l thi n g at that time I n H o llis c r oft o n the pre m i s e s n o w occ u pied by the Me s s r s E lliot were the G r e av e s e s before they re m o v ed into D ivi s io n C u tt s S u tt o n an d C o s p r emise s ) p r ior to s treet (n o w I P b u ildin g Sheaf wo r k s Higher u p i n the s t r eet we r e Mess r s Ke n yo n s file works afte r war d s occ u pied by Charle s B u r gin ; an d at the t o p at the cor n er o f R ed hill w as the r e s ide n c e a pa r tner i n the firm It was n ear to M r o f M r G ar dn e 1 D u n n s an d was as good a h o u s e WR A GG : N ext to the Ke n y o n s work s i n Holli s croft we r e tho s e Of the Har ri s on fa m ily of who m Mis s Har ri s o n of Westo n w as the la s t represe n tativ e The r e too we r e fixed the Shephe r ds r azo r m an u facturer s The la s t s u r viv o r died on C r ooke s moo r late the re s ide n ce of Mr E dwi n Hu n ter Higher u p r e s ided John Kn ott who clai m ed to b e a p o et I ne v er saw h i m b u t o n ce He w as a poo r O ld m an with d r e s sed i n a Ha n by s Cha r ity s omewhat c u riou s feat u r es coat Whe n I saw h i m he had o n e o f h i s p r od u cti on s which he appeared to b e o fferi n g f o r s ale The p rice he said w as t w ope n ce an d he boa s ted that it w as eq u al to an y of M o nt o te t w o n au t i c al s o n g s that He wr m e ry s o s s e ed fi r e s o s p g equal to D i bden s I s ho u ld like to s e e his e ff u s io n s p r int ed If I am n ot m i s i n a co llected fo rm a s Mathe r s ha v e bee n take n he m arr ied the sister o f Thoma s Smith the co n s table — at an rate the r e wa s s ome relati o n s hip He was by t r ade y — a workin g hatter n o w I belie v e the r e i s n o t a hat m ade i n Sh e ffie ld— but o n e of the ecce n tricitie s o f ge n iu s he po s ses s ed was a lo v e of d r in k an d he e n ded h i s day s i n the Kelham At the top of Holli s cr o ft was an exten s treet Wo r kho u s e siv e table kn ife man u fact u rer n a m ed B r o w n hill who had the pre m i s e s now occupied by Mr Stephe n B aco n He had the character of bein g ready to s eco n d a n ythin g at the meeti n g s of the Ma s ters com m ittee ; so o n o n e occa s io n it w as moved that all the table blade grinde r s should be hu n g Mr Brown VVRAG G
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1 90
ST
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TH O MA S
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S
D AY
IN H O LLI S C RO FT
.
fou n d myself stan di n g oppo s ite to the h o u se I wa s sorry t o see that the cock had lo s t s ome of the gay plumage which adorned him so well 4 0 or 5 0 years ago ye t he s till hold s u p his crest as pro u d as eve r an d is ready to do battle as in the days of yore again st all who s hall pre s u m e to poach upo n h i s dome s tic domai n I tho u ght of the days that are lo n g go n e by and of the old so n g .
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B r ight Ch an ti c l e er p r o cl ai m s t h e d aw n ” n a n d e c t h k e sky A d s p gl e s
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My L o r d t h e e arly v ill ag e co ck h ath t h r i ce ” B i d s al u t ati o n t o t h e m o rn ,
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A nd agai n that it
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St Thoma s s D ay A ll hail to the founde r s of the Holli s Ho spital from whom the croft take s its n ame They are to be fo u n d recorded within the grou n ds at the bottom O f S n ig hill an d a fu ll history is giv en in H u nter s Halla m shir e The trustees in their wisdom an d no doubt with the best i n te n tio n s let the grou n d i n Hollis c r oft on building leases for 9 0 0 years the fro n t at 1 s per yard and large piece s of g r ou n d at the back for n othi n g That they were ge n ero u s so u l s is s u fficiently proved by their allo w i n g three gui n eas to the te n a n try to e n able them to ” e nj oy a goo d old E n gli s h din n er It was held at the C o ok Thomas s D ay and these are the n ames of some on St of t h o s e who took a delight in atte n ding The r e were three brothe rs of the na m e of Shepherd two of whom I knew They we r e i n variably together o n e of them walking abo u t a ya r d i n adv a n ce of the other O ther two b r othe r s we r e Sa m u el an d B e njamin Marples I had the plea s ure of kn ow i n g the m well— ho n e s ty an d truth were in the m an d when o n e died the other could not live ; he did not long survi v e his fr iend his compa n ion his brother N ow whate v er I hav e said i n prai s e of the abo v e applie s eq u ally to tho se I s hall me n tion below— M r Philip L aw Mr : John Spe n cer (Matthias Spencer an d S o n Pea croft ) an d oh what delight I feel whe n I meet his v enerable figure and look u pon his cheerfu l co u n te n a n ce He will long be remembered Mr Jonathan B e ar ds h aw of Whom more anon Mr John Hawk s ley M r Jame s Wild (of whom yo u have heard before ) Me s s r s Sh i r t cli ff e Skin n er B arraclough (Me s s rs W i n g field and R owbotham ) B e nj amin L eathley Thomas Makin Charles S a n de r s on and v arious others Their descendant s are s till amo n g s t u s keeping up the goo d name s of their families The dinner is ov e r th e usual loyal toasts are given the land w as
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THE
C O C K H O LLI S C R O FT
1 91
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lord is ordered ; the s pir it s the lemon s the sugar &c are b r o u ght i n an d Mr B e ar ds h aw i n accorda n ce with the time hon oured cu s tom i s called to m i x the pu n ch He co n s ult s his fr ie n d s A little m o r e le m o n says Mr Wild ; a little mo r e s u gar s ay s a n other ; an d the m ir th begin s Mr B ea r d ” s haw i s called u po n to s ing h i s s o n g of the Flat B ack s : ,
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To m ak e m w e ar e w illi n , A b as k e t f u ll f o r a s h i lli n , R e d h er r I n s an d p o t at o e s ” ur s l n b e lli e t o b e fil i O ’
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B ut though ti m e s were bad with them they could still b e ge n ero u s with the ale an d Pr ay the gie Stee n (Stephen ) a sup f o r he i s v arry dry h i s th r oat i s fu ll of s mithy S leck the ” win d has been s o high O ther s ongs followed The old warlike one s were n o t forgotte n ,
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L e t t h e s o n g g o r o u n d , le t t h e s h o u t s r e s o u n d , L e t t h e t ru m p e t s o u n d o n S p an i s h gr o u n d L e t t h e cy m b al s b an g , w ith a m e r ry , m e rr y cl an g , To t h e j o y s o f t h e n e xt c am p aig n To t h e j o ys o f t h e n e xt c am p aig n .
A midst all the mi r th
an d
j ollity which prevailed o n e thi n g was never forgotte n a s u b s c r iptio n for t h e poor widow s of the street It w as alway s a liberal one an d I hav e n o doubt car ried comfort an d co n s olatio n alo n g with it It i s not al w ays a plea s u r e to recall th e pa s t b u t in the cour s e of a pretty lo n g life I have exper i e n ced a fu ll s hare of bright sun s hi n e to which I c an look back with pleas u re ; an d some of the moment s I p as s ed on St Tho m a s s D ay at the S ign of th e ” Cock are amo n g t he s e Several of tho s e whom I have na m ed above co u ld well aff ord to ride i n their own carriages but they were plain m e n an d wo u ld ha v e felt a s ha m ed to have b ee n seen i n them ; b u t i n these days whe n wealth i s accumulated by leap s and bou n ds ,
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S o m e dr i v e
l g w ith f o u r i n h an d W hil e o th e r s dr i v e at r an d o m I n w i s h y b u ggy gig o r do g c ar t C u rr i c l e o r t an de m a on
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T WI S S Whe n s peaking of fraternal aff ection of Samuel and B enj amin Marples you m ight have added that i n separable as they were it w as the rarest thing in the world to s e e them witho u t their wives The four were always together and formed a most harmonious q u artette WRAGG : I n B ailey st r eet we may agai n see what I have noticed before — the hou s es of s ub s tan tial manufacturer s turned into tav ern s B ehind they had their workshop s The ,
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1 92
-
B AILE Y
S
T REE T
.
h o u s e N o 1 2 unt il recently a beer hou s e w as the re s i de n ce of one of the Win g fa m ily who ca r ried o n a good file t r ade in the yard I n thi s street abo u t 5 0 years ago re s ided J em m v F r ith the fir s t mo n ey club defaulter i n the town ” Hone s t John who followed an d h i s relativ e John Wright h i s exa m ple i n 1 8 3 3 was bo r n he r e L E O N A R D Yo u ar e c e r t ai n ily compar i n g the fat h e r w i t h the s o n It wa s Jame s Frith the s o n of Je mmy w h o defr a u ded t h e money cl u bs The origin al Jem m y Fr ith was for man y years leader of s i n ging in Ca rv er street Chapel i n deed fro m the ope n i n g of the chapel u n til h i s death He gathered together a la r ge company of vocal and i n s tru m en tal p e r formers for Chr i s t m as D ay n ear ly fillin g the whole front part of the galle r y For m any year s thi s w as at five o clock in the mo rn in g b u t s u b s equ ently it w as held at s i x o clock i n N orfolk street Chapel an d at half past ten an d s i x in the eve n i n g i n Carver st r eet O cca s io n ally he secu r ed the ser — — vice s of h i s cou s in s I thi n k they were Sam and Tom Frith both of whom We r e a ccu s tomed to disco u r s e s weet s ou n d s in Q u een street Chapel If I recollect a r ight all t h ree had almo st un s u rpassed voices an d capacity of mod u lation WR A GG : A t an y rate the Frith I mea n slipped away to A merica to evade the con s eq u e n ce s of h i s delin q u e n cies bu t Wr ight w as tra n s ported fr om Po n tefract se s s io n s He was defended by co u n s el b u t he made a speech of so m uch abilit y in defe n ce that it was n oticed by the first L ord H i s L ord s hip told him VV h ar n cli ff e i n pa s s i n g s e n te n ce that he appea r ed to be a pe r s on of n o o r dina r y abilitie s and a m an of s o m e co n siderable ed u cation b u t o n that very ao co u n t he w as all the more da n gerous N o n e of the learned co u n s el pre s ent could h i s L o r ds hi p added ha v e made a better sp eech H i s cl u b s were held at 5 6 O r chard s treet A few year s after h i s t r a n s po r tatio n a m emorial was got u p to the G o v ern m e n t which e n abled h i s wife an d family to r e join h i m They were r e s idi n g at No 3 2 in this s treet — the door below Jame s Frith s r e s ide n ce Th e men who were ” me m ber s of Ho n e s t Joh n s cl u b s are n o w very few O ut of the 3 6 wit n e s s es who appeared again s t him at Po n tefract I belie v e the r e i s only o n e left — a ge n tle m an who has bee n Mayo r an d who i s still an A lde r m a n It w as o n Mr B Hi n chliffe paid H i n chli ff e s ca s e that Wright w as co n victed Wright fiv e po u nds two shilli n g s and a penny Wright scratched o u t the five an d pu t the money i n h i s pocket On h i s trial he put forth the plea of ill health which had placed t op
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1 94
IN TRO D U CT I O N
THE
B RI T ANNIA M E T AL
OF
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was celebrated for the excelle n ce of his wares u ntil at le n gth others amo n g s t whom we r e Me s s r s D ixon and S m ith e s tab li s h e d i n Sil v er s treet u p to the ti m e of their re m o val t o ” Corn i s h place bega n to riv al him L E I GH T O N : E xcu s e the i n te rr u ptio n but i s that s tate m e n t that M r V i ck e r s w as the fi r s t man u fact u rer of B r itan n ia m etal teapots q u ite cor r ect " I hav e hea r d the ho n o u r clai m ed f o i Mr Co n s ta n tine then ca r r yin g 0 11 b u s i n e s s I n Scotlan d s t i e e t who was u n cle to Mr E dwin Smith s c u lptor C e m ete r yr oad E VE RARD : I k n ow that the q u estio n W I1 O w as the ” fir s t " i s a di s puted poi n t b u t it i s my con victi o n (i n the ab s e n ce of s tro n ger evide n ce to the co n trary tha n I hav e yet s een ) that to Mr Joh n V icke r s i n part n er s hip with h i s fathe r Mr Ja m e s V ickers the ho n o u r i s due AS a boy I kn ew h i m as far back as 1 8 1 4 when h i s father w as dead an d he w as ca rry ing on the b u s in e s s p r o bably at the pe r iod of i t s g r eate s t Mr R oger s B r oadhead the s u cce s sor of h i s father s s ucce s s fir m h as co n fir m ed m e i n my o pi n io n an d has fu lly ad m itted the priority of the Me s s r s V icke r s to Me s s r s B r oadhead an d Co As f o I Mr Jame s D ix o n he was an apprentice I be lie v e with Me s s r s B r oadhead an d C o and aft e 1 w ar ds w o 1 k e d a s a j ourney m an both f o r them an d for Mr Co n s ta n tin e T WI S S : I ha v e an acco u n t of the origi n of the m an u f ac t u re fro m the p en of an elde r ly ge n tleman n o w dec ea s ed which quite co n firms your v iew ; an d si n ce his fathe r had something to do with the matte r he had good opp o rtu n ity for formi n g an opin io n Thi s is his s to r y I ha v e heard it said that Mr N athaniel G ower wa s the fir s t per s on who began the B r itan n ia or white m etal t r ade b u t I di ff er i n opin io n beca u s e of circ u m s tan ce s which have been k n own to me from childhood an d from proof in my father s m emo randa Mr N atha n iel G owe r w as an early manufacturer an d a very respectable p er s o n i n the trade I n its i n fancy [he w as i n partn er s hip with M r G eo r gius S m ith an d died i n 1 8 1 3 aged 8 3 ] but Mr Jam es V ickers of G arden st r eet was the fir s t perso n who began manufactu r ing white metal a r ticles i n Sheffield Abo u t the year 1 7 6 9 a per s on was take n v ery ill and Mr V ickers vi s ited him i n h i s S ickness This man w as in possessio n of the r ecipe for maki n g white metal Mr V ickers bid h i m 5 s for the recipe an d the o ff er was ac c e t ed Having expe r ime n ted an d found the metal to be of p very goo d colour Mr V ickers purcha s ed some spoo n mo u lds and began casting spoo n s G etting them well fini shed h e obtained a tolerable sale for them He then got moulds made .
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RE D
H ILL
195
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of vegetable forks an d these a s s i s ted the variety o n the mar ket My father w as vi s itin g h i m i n a fr iendly man ner o n e night w hen V icke r s said W ell Charles if I had b u t £ 1 0 I wo u ld get up a s tock of g ood s and go to L u n non with the m My father le n t h i m the mo n ey an d a short time afterwa r d s i n a n other conver s atio n V icke r s s ay s Well Charles I thought if I was i n po s ses s io n of £ 1 0 I co u ld hav e done an y thin g but n o w I find myself as fa s t as e v e r I w as My father replied Well Jam es I c an lend thee a n other £ 1 0 if thou thin ks it will do thee an y goo d He did s o V ickers went to L ondon an d h i s j our n ey w as succe s s ful He s old his articles and got orders i n exce s s of the m ate r ial h e co u ld obtai n to execute the m with He kept the m o n ey u ntil after h i s seco n d j o u rn ey whe n he repaid my father He the n bega n maki n g a differe n t kin d of articl e as tobacco boxe s beakers tea an d coffee pots suga r ba s i n s crea m j ug s & c an d got o n rapidly i n bu s i n e s s F r o gg at t Coldwell and C c S po ile s and G u r ney an d Parki n s in Campo lane were all old ” hou s es i n that li n e E VE RARD D u ring this break o ff permit me j u s t to rema rk that Me s s rs Broadhead G u r n ey S po i le s an d Co were e s tabli s hed as ma n u facturers i n Bank street i n 1 7 8 9 I will now p r oceed with the readin g of the paper : At the top of R ed hill s o m e year s s u b s eque n tly live d Mr Morton who had formerly carr ied on a laI g e s ilver plated busin e s s an d was the g r an dfat h e i of the late M 1 Tho m a s D un n The celebrated In depe n de n t preacher the R e vere n d William Tho rpe o f Bri s tol had been o n e of his apprentices an d n ever ca m e to Sheffi eld witho u t vi s iti n g h i s old m a s te r In the lar ge ho u s e i n Solly s treet o r Co r n hill fr o n tin g R ed hill lived for m an y yea r s Mr Tho m a s D u n n s e n ior : an d this was the home i n which our late highly esteemed an d able magi s trate was bro u ght u p The gro u n d on which R ed hill School n o w stands w as a garde n i n which as a child I have gathered flowe r s It w as then occu pied an d I believe owned by M r Bi n n ey the fathe r of Mr Bi n n ey the attorn ey I n 1 8 1 1 thi s school w as built as a Methodi s t Sunday School the upper roo m s bein g let o ff as a day school The fir s t school m a s ter w as M G u io n a perso n of Fre n ch ext r actio n who w as an able t eacher an d carried o n for ma n y year s thi s re s pectable co m m ercial academy A t this school we r e educated as my s choolfellows the late W F D ixon E sq of Page Hall ; the late Mr B ri g h t m o r e Mitchell ; Mr Henry E lliot Hoole o f G reen lan e W orks ; ,
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1 96
BR
O AD LANE
.
the late Messrs Morgan an d He nry A rmitage of the Mo u s e hole Fo r ge ; Mr He n ry Pickford the lear n ed gri n der who acquired a knowled g e o f F r ench L ati n G r e e k an d Heb r ew by nea r ly h i s u n aided e ff ort s an d who died i n ea r ly life an d Mr William Ibb i t t who at one time repre s e n ted the St G eorge s Ward i n the T o wn C o u n cil an d w as well k n ow n by the p u blicatio n of a s e r ie s of colo u r e d pri n ts bei n g V iew s of She ffi eld an d the n eighbo u rhood The s chool in q u e s tio n w as afterward s kept f o r a n u m ber of year s by the late Mr Joh n E ado n (who had pre v io u s ly occupied the school belongi n g to Q u ee n s t r eet Chap el ) the n ephe w an d a s s i s ta n t of the celebrated Joh n E ado n the mathematician A few yards fro m R ed hill down Broad la n e the r e is a blank s pace e n clo s ed with a high and s ub s ta n tial wall Few per s o n s of the p r e s e n t ge n eratio n will be awa r e of that s pot havin g been a Cemetery At the com m e n ce m e n t of this ce n tu ry it w as t h e o n ly Q u aker s b u r ial g r o u n d i n the town though they had several place s i n the co u nt ry I my s elf hav e see n two pe r s on s i n te rr ed in thi s plot both of them ad u lt females The n ext buildin g below w as a la r ge an d respec t able hou s e with a clock in fr o n t of it Thi s w as t h e re s ide n c e of Mr Sa m u el Hill w h o was m u ch celeb r ated i n h i s day f o r hi s pro ficie n cy in clock making an d r epairin g Man y of h i s clock s may be seen in the town b u t more e s pecially in the n eighbouring village s with h i s n a m e 0 11 the face He w as a tall man wearing a b r oad brim m ed hat long coat with breeche s an d leggin g s He kept a s tout po n y o n which 130 go his ro u nd s i n the cou n try with his ca s e of tool s an d at their own houses cleaned an d r epaired the clocks of the fa r m er s an d villa g er s He wa s a respectable man an d very widely and gen e r ally e s teem ed A ltho u gh at a pe r iod ea r lier than my recollection yet the late Sam u el H adfield E sq told me that h i s parent s had at one time re s ided i n o n e of the three house s at the corner of R ed hill and Broad lane (I fo r get which ) whe n him s elf — — l and his brother G eorge afterward s M P for S h e ffie d were young boys The B road lane of my early days w as v ery di ff erent in appearance to what it i s n o w A t that time the lan e p r oper was the highway but s u n k lower than the pre s ent causeway by four or five f eet fro m St Tho m a s street to N ewca s tle s treet —and to some extent to R ocki n gham street The .
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1 98
ST
.
G E O R GE
’
CHURCHY ARD
S
.
O n the Oppo s ite side of Broad lane in the first house ,
above St Thoma s s s treet li v ed Mr I bbotson the father of the late Mr William Ibbotso n w h o mar r ied h i s cou s in Mary Mr William Ibbotso n was c o n sequently b r othe r i n law a s well as cou s i n to Mr He n r y ; and they took to the old ge n tle m an s busin e s s which I believe was the s aw trade Ibbotso n Brothers A s is an d e n te r ed into p art n er s hip as ge n erally k n own they b u ilt th e G lobe Wo r ks ; an d were o n e of the fir s t firms i n Sheffield which e s tabli s hed an exten sive trade in saws and cutlery with America D u ring that dreadfu l ti m e of bad t r ade abo u t 1 8 1 2 or 1 8 1 4 when flour was s i x and seve n s hilling s pe r stone and eve n at that price much of it so un s ou n d as to r u n out of the o v e n bottom i n baki n g there were some twelve hu n dred able bo died m e n o n the p arish who we r e se n t to the b u rial g r o u n d (n o w St G eorge s churchyard ) to get clay an d to le v el it They all wo r e wooden clog s partly as a badge of receiv in g p a r i s h relief and thi s I believe was the fir s t in tro d u ctio n of the wear of woode n clogs i n Sheffield the cu s tom bei n g imported fr om L an ca s hire Many of the s e m en were hone s t i n d u striou s an d re s pectable ar t i z an s ; an d the sou n d of their daily tra m p i n woode n clog s u p an d down B r oad lan e was very s ad an d ominous ; more e s pecially i n the ea r s of s u ch as were the m s el v es exp ectin g s oo n to be red u ced to the like deplo r able co n ditio n I belie v e the spi r it an d feelin g prevalent among s t this ma s s of worki n g m e n at that time w as disconten t with the G overn m e n t an d de s ponde n cy a s to fut u re pro s pects They were as men almost driv e n by the fo rce of circum s tance s to the verge of despair an d re vol u tio n N ev er i n my m emory has there been in She ffi eld s o bad an d dis tres s i n g a time The burial ground above refer r ed to at length act u ally becam e wha t its na m e i n dicated it had been reser v ed an d i n te n ded for by the erection i n 1 8 2 1 o f St G eorge s Chu r ch at the layi n g of the foun datio n of which I w as p r ese n t It honoured the day of the coro n ation of G eo r ge I V O n this o ccasio n there was a triumphal arch erected fr om the old church gate s to the oppo s ite s ide ill u min ated by the lately intro d u ced light of ga s I n my school days I have had the ho n our of playi n g at cricket on the burial grou n d with th e late M r Tho m as D u n n being at that time boy s re s idi n g in the same neigh ’
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99
TH E B RI CKH OLE S .
L et me now add a brief de s cription of what was at the ’
tim e ge n erally kn own as the B ri c k h o les Thi s compri s ed the large br i ck fie ld that exte n ded fr om St Joh n s street n early to B ailey la n e Thi s wa s th e property of the late Mr Tho m as Ha rr i s o n o f We s to n The chief m a n ager of this brickyard w as old Jo s eph Mar s de n the father of Tom Marsden afterward s the celebrated c r icket player but who then worked with h i s father at making bricks A la r ge s pace o u t of which the clay had bee n dug b e ca m e by s u pplie s from v ario u s s o u rces filled with water so as to for m a po n d exte n di n g fr o m N ewca s tle s treet to a little beyo n d R ocki n gham s t r eet I n the wi n ter season s this was a noted place f o r s lidi n g an d s kati n g I n one pa r t the water w as of s u ch a depth that I o n ce saw a perso n have a very na rr o w e s cape fro m d r o wn i n g It w as a wi n ter s day the ice bei n g of great thick n e s s whe n j u s t at d u s k a m an who was co m in g from T r ippet lan e to B r oad la n e in cro s s in g over did n o t happe n to s e e that the r e was a hole broke n i n the ice an d in he we n t o v er head With h i s ha n d s gra s pin g the e dge of the ice he cried out loudly an d piteou s ly for help when a tall y o u n g man s n atchin g a kn u r s tick o u t of my hand an d a n other s imila r ly pro v ided r u s hed to h i s aid and resc u ed the poo r fellow fro m h i s ext r eme peril The part of R ockingham s tr eet whe r e this occ u rre n ce took place i s of course m ade g r o u n d acro s s t h e B ri ck h o le an d certain portio n s of N ew castle s tr eet an d St Thoma s s str eet are the same It m ay perhap s be a fact i n te r esting to s ome to know that the s aid B r i ck h o le was the s pot from whe n ce Sir Fran ci s Chantrey got the clay with which he made his first a t tempt s at modelli n g bu s t s an d fig u re s He lodged for s ome ti m e with M r O u t r am (father of the late Mr O u tram of High s t r eet ) w h o carried o n the bu s ine s s of cabin et maker an d j oiner livi n g i n the hou s e n ext to the So v ereig n i n n the yard an d wo r k s h o p s Occ u pyin g the s pace now filled up by the s aid i n n an d the hou s es in R ocki n gham street exten di n g dow n to the n a r row la n e The r e w as a S hop wi n dow fro n ting T r ippet la n e i n which he exhibited h i s furn it u re for sale O ne of the fir s t attempts I belie v e of Cha n trey at crayon po r t r ait s w as the exec u tion of a like n e s s of old Mr O utram Thi s w as fr a m ed an d hu n g up and I hav e often exa m ined it with gr eat i n tere s t when a boy The fact of the gr eat sculp t o r who acquired a r eputatio n in that departme n t of art seco n d to n one i n the ki n gdom or p erhap s in the world hav i n g dug the materials for his first e fl o r t s of plastic skill out ‘
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2 00
BR
O AD LANE F E A S T
.
of thi s s pot is I thin k q u 1 t e eno u gh to make it i n tere s ti n g at lea s t to the m i n d s of s ome O ld e n o u gh t o re m e m be r the place as it the n exi s ted an d who ad m i r e the ge n i u s of Chan t rey I t will har dly do t o concl u de the s e pe r s o n al r ecollectio n s of Broad la n e witho u t s o me brief r efere n ce t o i t s an n ual festiv al — an eve n t long a n ticipated an d much e nj oyed e s pe It w as held on Holy Th u r s day c i ally by the y o u ng fo lk s In p r epar ati o n fo r it an d w as regarded as a ge n eral holiday d u ri n g the previous week there w as a g r eat s tir o f white washin g an d clea n ing s o as to put on the v ery be s t appear a n ce O n that day the S u n day clothe s were wor n The be s t thi ng abo u t that fe s tival as it n o w appear s to me w as that i t partook v ery much of the spirit and character of a social gathering of relative s an d fr ie n ds — whe n the marr ied da u ghte r cam e to her fo r me r home with her child r en to s e e grand mother and a u nts an d u ncles while youthfu l co u si n s of both sexe s met i n ki n dly a s s ociatio n i n d u lged i n j oke an d laughter kee n ly e nj oyin g ball play an d all other i n n oce n t amu s e me n t s S u ch at lea s t wa s my home exp er ie n ce and fro m all I s aw my imp r e s s ion w as that the expe r ie n ce of o u r n eighbour s w as of a si m ilar ki n d B u t the g r eat attraction for u s yo u n g s te r s w as the g m g e rbr e ad stall s the c r an k i e s the s wi n g s the p u ppet shows an d the race s The Open space n o t s o lar ge the n as n o w at t h e bottom of To w n h e ad s t r eet an d B r oad la n e w as j u s t like a fair Am id s t all thi s life an d a n i matio n re s tle s s activity di n an d tu r m oil i n p erfect co n tra s t migh t be s ee n the blacksmith with pip e i n his mo u th and bare brawn y arm s restin g on the smithy door look i n g o n the bu s y sce n e with countenance calm and complacent B ut the grand expectation and sight were the races These were r u n by do n key s an d ponies ; the j ockeys being generally milk boys out of the cou n try who di s enc u mber i n g their as s es of saddles an d milk barrels prepared for the contest The prize s u s ually were a hat a smock fr ock or a teapot ; and the co u rse s Bailey field Bailey lane and Bro ad lane How the riders man aged to r u s h u p and d o wn the steepness of Bailey fie ld and the n ar rownes s of B ailey lane wi thout some breaking of the n ecks or limb s either of them selve s Or the spectators is to me u p to this day a my s te r y Weari n g the n e w hat adorned with flyi n g colour s h i s ruddy face and bright eyes beaming with consciou s triumph the victor after r e saddling his ass was then accompanied a short ,
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V ILLA GE FE A S T S
20 2
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country cousins for a bellyful of meat There were no s m all nu m bers howeve r who went s o lely for rec r eatio n or to see the s tirri n gs at the place o r in the p u blic hou s e s E V E RAR D : Were the tow n fea s t s in s tit u ted to giv e an oppo r t u nity of retu r n ing the h o s pitality of the cou n try people T WI S S : I do n o t k n ow Wake s we r e i n the Catholic time s a dedicatio n of a ch u rch which w as kept by watching all n ight or what w as bette r k n ow n i n tho s e day s by the appellatio n of the Vigil Fea s t s were o r igi n ally i n s titu ted whe n there w as but a s m all pop u lation i n the coun try an d so o n an appoin ted day the relatives and fr ie n ds by com m on con s ent met together ; an d at parting an in v itation was give n to them to retur n the v i s it on a fixed day at their r e s pective reside n ces which might the n be in so m e new formed village Thi s w as called the Village fea s t day and ca u s ed a great i h fl u x o f vi s itors ; and bei n g repeated p e r iodically e v ent u ally obtai n ed a degree of notoriety The p artie s who thu s a s s em bled generally req u ired s o m ething t o amuse the m The fiddler w as e n gaged for the danci n g of the young people who ” with j uve n ile hilar ity tr ipped it o n the light fanta s tic t o e whil s t the b u ll o r bear w as obtained by the lan dl o rd o f the public house (if there was o n e in the Village ) f o r the t r ial of dogs— a good do g being of co n s iderable val u e Matche s at football too not unfrequently took place as well as othe r athletic game s Family aff ai I S w e I e f o r the mo s t pa1 t talked o v er on S un day O n the followi n g day the s po r t s bega n The feast di n n er did not con s i s t s o m u ch of the delicacie s of the season as in the qua n tity of good s u b s ta n tial food The poo r est pe r so n took care to brew a m e t of m alt ready for the wakes or fea s t ; an d it was a p r actice the night before the fea s t for n eighbo u rs to go to each othe r s ho u s es to ta s te ” their respective tap s of home b r ewed W RA GG : There are one or two p oint s not touched on in Mr E verar d s account of Broad la n e that I s hould like to add The G eorge and D ragon was the re s ide n ce of the late R ev Mar k D ocker s father i n law Mr Bram m er and behind were When Sa n der s on Brother s and Co were h i s pres s i n g shops i n one of the lanes behind the N ational School Car v er street they got up mo r e table knive s than an y one el s e i n the tow n The n o g e n ds of an d c u t their own bone hafts an d s cale s the bo n e s were led away as r u bbi s h an d innumerable cart loads of them were thrown into the river at G reen la n e an d in the bri ck h o le s— between Me ssrs R iley Ca r r and Co s works and R ockingham str ee t G reat quantities of them .
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BR
O AD LAN E
203
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have been dug up in making and enlarging the commo n sewer The hou s e mentioned as the residence of Mr I bb o t wa s afterwards occupied s o n (fi r s t above St Thomas street ) by Mr G uio n the s choolmaster T he door above now part of the Flori s t i n n was built by one Of the so n s i n law of the late Mr John N icholson of D arnall who had before his marriage been coachman to Mr R ead of Attercli ff e but who was w hen in Broad lane a scale pres s er He attended Howard s treet Chapel and an amusing story was told to me about him by a p erson who was with him on the occasion The minister in the course of his discourse remarked that the time was getting on fa s ter than his sermo n Mr N ichol son s son i n law called out from beneath one of the galleries ” O h never min d the time ; go o n Mr B oothroyd who died a few months ago in an accide n tal manner wa s one of his apprentices Close on the B ri ck h o le was N ewton s band s pi n n i n g walk He was better known as O ld Pack thre ad an d havi ng by ri gid indu s try and frugality ama s sed a competency for each of his children he went to re s ide in the bottom house but one in Wilkinso n street With r eference to Tom Marsden the cricketer he lived in the Jericho and it was there and in the Brocco that he was to be see n whe n ever he co u ld get any o n e to j oin him at cricket His wife when a girl attended the G arden s treet I n dependent S u n day S chool : her parents lived in the yard above the Florist i n n The father s name was James G arside who was for many years employed at Yo u n g e s spi r it vaults an d from that occupation obtained the soubriquet of Bran dy ” Jemmy In the yard below St Thoma s street Mr G eorge Bowden had some work s hop s He got up table knives and travelli n g on foot he visited gentlemen s houses and small country towns and on his return brought back bones and stag horn s being al s o in the horn and stag cutting line In this humble way he acquired a comp e tency and lived for many years at Ran m o o r where he died not long ago E V E RARD There i s a resident of Broad lane once some what prominent who has not been noticed— I mean Joseph B arker the n a N ew Connexion minister stationed in She ffield who resided in R ed hill terrace I understand he gave out the hymns when the fir s t stone of Mount Z ion Ch apel was laid He was afterwards excluded from the N ew Co n ne x ion and w as the occa s ion of a great deal of trouble and some dis ruption in that body He then went about the country as an in fid e l lecturer and pass e d through a strang e and mis e rabl e .
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204
WILLIAM
G RA Y ,
THE J U MPER
.
cours e of life in E ngland and A merica He was e v entually reclaimed and publicly renouncing in fidelity in all its forms he has t ried to undo as far as po ssible the mischief he had do n e He published an i n terestin g book with the title of ” Teachings of E xperie n ce in which he gave a very strik ing accou n t of the pha s es of doubt scepticism and atheism through which he had passed ; together with the means and proce s s by which he had been restored to his right mind an d to the Chri s tian faith WRA GG : There was also William G ray boot and sho e ” maker the great j umper who live d in Broad lane the fourth door below R ockingham street He was perhap s t h e mo s t celebrated j umper that ever travelled with eque s trians O ne of his feats was to j u m p over a stage mail co ach w i t h the passengers seated on the top The way in which he b e came con nected with the horse riders w as that his friend John Milner wa s in the fair when there were two equestrian establishments namely Ryan s and A dam s O ne of these ” persons had a leaper called the Flying Hussar from hi s having been in the army and the proprietor challenged the production of his equal John Milner went up to him an d said that he could fin d a man that would surpass him The proprietor replied that he could not be bothered with him or his application This circumstance got to the ear of the riv al proprietor who sought out William G ray and engaged This of cou 1 se made his establishment the mo s t him popular ; people flocked in crowds to see a man j ump who was a native of the town Wherever the establishme n t with ” the Flying Hussar we n t the other invariably followed A t one of the towns in L anca s hire of which the Flying Hu s sar was a native it was arranged they should contest their j umping p owers Twelve horses were set side by side ” the Flying Hussar had the first j ump when he alighted on the back of the sixth horse ; but G ray went over them all The L ancashire people were so exasperated at the defeat of their tow n sman that they used threats of Violence against G ray and it was feared they would carry them out He got away from the booth in some unusual manner — I forget how He w as not only one of the best and quickest m akers of boot s and s hoes but had he been disposed he might have equally distingui s hed himself as a pugilist or race runner ; but he po s sessed more respect for himself than to enter on such a course That he was a man of great muscular power th e following simpl e instanc e may b e s uffi ci e nt to S how His .
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20 6
TH E
BRO CC O
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E V E RARD (reads )
The Brocco of my early boyhood w as a wide and steep declivity not very e a s y to describe What eve r feat u res of bea u ty the scene might possess lay i n the lan d s cape beyond it What tho s e were one of the late Mr The V alley of the D on I bb i t t s publi s hed Views e n titled will co n vey a clearer idea than any ve r bal descr iptio n Stand ing by the house occupied by the late Mr H A Bacon (the first publisher of the S heffi eld I n dep en den t ) at the top of G arden street (G arden walk it was formerly called ) the Brocco consisted of a steep and very rugged bank s ide It reached in its steepness as far as E dward s treet an d then extended in a slop e and a comparative flat as far as A llen street The ground was red earth an d sto n es from whence the boys used to dig raddle with which they often tran s formed their faces into a resemblance of the war painted R ed I n dian s or the mounteban k harlequin There was a thin covering of gras s on the flats but only in certain parts sufficient depth of soil to form sod The appearance as seen from the bottom was that of a number of little hillocks and knolls of red earth of various shapes partially green There was a footpath from the top of G arden street down the steep inclin e to E dward street E ast ; and another slopin g road now built upon as a cross street A lle n street at the point of it that crossed the B rocco was only a highway without any hou s es so that there w as a clear space and vie w from the top of G arden street to the Jericho This view included Mr Ho y le s house (Hoyle street) which then stood enclosed in what perhap s might be de scribed as a small park A t the back of this house was a row of high trees servi n g as a rooke r y where the birds built their nests an d aroun d which they might be seen takin g their a erial flights The narrow lane now called Burnt Tree lan e was then the road from A llen street to Po rt m ah o n in which there was a white painted pair of gates with the carriage way r u nning in a straight line to the fro n t door of the house I n the same lane stood an oak tree which duri n g a severe thun de r s t o rm was struck and scathed by the lightning Hence ” the name it acquired WR A GG From R adford street downwards was sixty years ago quite in the country there bei n g only the houses of Mr Hoyle and of several c o w k e epe rs — well to do men of some property L E I GHT O N : O ld lawyer Hoyle was a great man with his cock e d hat .
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RA D F
O RD
T
S RE E
T
07
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WRA GG : There w as i n R adford street M r D o u n e s the fir s t Bapti s t m in i s ter i n the tow n also Mr D ixo n a cutle r the father of Jame s D ixo n the fou n der of Corn i s h place an d of the R ev Fra n cis D ixo n for man y years the con s i s te n t mi n i s ter of L ee C r oft Chapel who beside s was s aid to be the be s t a u dito r of accou n t s in She ffield It i s repo r ted o f the late Mr R obert R odgers s olicito r that he ofte n decla r ed ” the r e would n ev e r be a n other F r an k ey D ixo n at accou n t s It is s aid that the late Hugh Parker was a s leeping partner i n s ome c o lliery an d whe n the firm w as dissolved Mr Parke r w as n o t s ati s fied with what he had to receive s o he s u gge s ted that Mr D ixo n s ho u ld a u dit the accou n ts to which it w as agreed the r e s u lt to be fi n al A cart load o f book s w as take n to h i m an d this is s aid to have bee n the greatest jo b Mr D ixo n ever had an d he had many A s the re s u lt of M r D ixon s labo u r s it appeared Mr Parker as he had fi rm ly a n ticipated had a la r ge s u m to r ecei ve Mr D ixo n w as paid what he charged an d M r Parker gave him i n additio n one h u n d r ed po u n d s M r D ixo n w as the mater n al g r a n dfathe r of Mr A lfr ed Allo t t A t the corne r of R adford s t r eet an d A llen s treet was M r B e ar ds h aw cutler the g r andfather of Mr B e ar ds h aw the e n grave r O ut of h i s shop w as an n u i n terr u pted view o f the Cotto n Mill an d when that b u ildi n g w as o n fir e o n e of h i s app r e n tice s s aw the fla m e s R un n i n g down the yard to a s cale an d s p r i n g maker who w as worki n g the r e he cried that the Cotton Mill was o n fir e w o u ld he go The m an could hav e s een t h e c o n fl ag rat i o n fr om hi s window by s imply rai s i n g h i s head but he q u ietly we n t o n with his work witho u t taking the trouble to lo o k as he a n s wered : N o lad the r e will be n ow t put down for it o n S at u r day neet In more moder n ti m e s i n the s ame neighbo u r hood were Me s s r s R ichard an d William J e s s o p who s e pare n t s were i n Po n d street They lived next door to each other i n what i s now 2 4 5 and 24 7 We s tern Bank In their b u s ine s s they were both together i n o n e roo m and f o r year s did not speak to each other Whe n o n e wa n ted the othe r s opi n ion he wrote a que s tion on a bit of paper and p a s s ed it over to h i s brother who wrote a reply u n derneath They said they were of the family of J e s s o ps of Broo m hall and whe n the Re v Ja m e s Wilki n s o n died adv erti s ement s appeared for clai m an t s to h i s property I have heard Mr William s ay they s ent i n a claim am o n g other s Yo u remind me of a s tory of two other L E O N A RD brothers named G lo ssop who lived at S t u m perlo w e Hall .
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20 8
TH E
BRO CC O
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They were bachelors an d their nephew gave himself the air s O ne day as they sat smoking their O f their heir at law pipes over the fire Tom after much musing spoke I say John there s ahr Fred been sayi n g what he ll do when he ” gets ahr money as he s ahr heir Well asked John ” after a long pause what s to be done Why replied ” Tom one on us must get m arr ied Which s hall it be faltered John conscious of impendi n g mise r y D on t ” know said his brother let s tos s u p They tossed u p and matrimony fell to John s lot Putti n g his fin ger in his eye he whined Th ah s bet me again Tom There s never anything nasty to do but thou maks me do it However he pocketed his chagrin took a wife and there was issue one daughter who m arried a solicitor named Sargeant E VE R ARD (severely) : The pro spect from the top of Brocco about which I was speaki n g when interr u pted embraced a sight of the Infirmary then standing amidst fields and gar dens ; the old Barrack s ren dered co n spicuous by their white washed walls ; the Club Mill e n sconced i n the valley beside the stream of the D o n the house at W ar ds e n d on the mar gin o f the wood ; and above all the O ld Park Wood and Cook Wood then existing in much of their primeval beauty ; their sylvan solitudes undisturbed by the shriek of the rail way whistle as the trains now by day and night rush an d thunder through L E ONARD I have seen a water colour drawing in t h e possession of Mr Samuel G ardn er taken from his father s house at the top of R ed hill in 1 8 0 2 which embraces j ust such a View as you describe A nything more completely rural could not be imagi n ed E VE RARD (co n tin u ing to read) : O n a dark N ovember night in the year 1 8 1 7 I remember standing with my father on the top of the Brocco from eleven o clock until midnight It was on t h e occasion and at the very time of the inter ment of the lamented Princess Charlotte The hillside was partially covered with group s of S pectators who stood to watch the firing of the minute guns in the B arrack yard durin g the hour of the funeral procession The flash of each dis charge illuminated for an instant the entire valley succeeded by a s ense of deeper darkness as the sound boomed up to where we stoo d and reverberated amo n gst the woods and hills This midnight darkness and the firing together with the solemn dumb peal that fell upon th e ear from th e b e ll s ,
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21 0
BU LL B AI T IN G -
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rustic beauty With cheeks like roses an d her strong r e d arms bare above the elbows she w as dressed in a gown of showy pattern and on h e r head s h e wore a white cap ado rn ed with ribbo n s Perched on a high wall an d fu ll of b o yi s h curiosity I had a perfect View of the wh o le sce n e an d proceed ings The crowd a s sembled i n cl u ded s ome of the choice s t specime n s of blackg u ardi s m to be fou n d i n the tow n an d neighbourhood Am id s t noi s e and clamou r pa s s i n g j i be s and cursi n gs together with the yelpi n g s of i m patie n t dog s the ring w as at le n gth for m ed an d the s port bega n Mis tres s R u n corn a r med with a h e dg e s t ak e which s h e wielded with e ff ect kept the ri n g an d recei ved the toll for the dog s at the r ate of threepe n ce a s lip whil s t h er h u s ba n d atte n ded to the b u ll to see that he had fai r play The a n i m al th u s brought to the s take to to r t u re w as a fin e you n g and acti ve one ; bei n g i n the curr e n t s lan g of the r in g good ga m e There he s tood at bay m o vi n g hi s head fr om s ide to s ide an d watchi n g the poi n t of attack The dog s one afte r a n othe r were the n s lipped an d flew at h i m S o m e of the m the b u ll ma n aged at the fi r s t ru s h to catch with h i s horn s an d either gored or to s s ed them high i n to the air Ce r tain of their master s o n s eei n g their dog s thus flu n g r an to catch them in their apron s or a r m s whil s t other s allowed them u n aided to run the ri s k of crippled li m bs or broke n backs The high trained dog s appeared ge n e r ally to ai m at the no s e o r t hroat of the a n i m al On e of them fa s te n ed an d h u ng o n the poor brute s nether lip whil s t he ram ped abo u t i n ago n y an d rage as far as the tether would all o w An d as the cli m ax at le n gth a savage dog s eized the b u ll s n o s e ca u s i n g the blood to flow and kept his hold u ntil the n oble ill u s ed c r eatu r e was brought down upon his k n ees to the g r o u nd The eve n t of the b u ll bein g pinned w as immediately hailed with a s ho u t of ferocio u s delight and t r iumph an d with lo u d expres s io n s of brutal merriment So the cruel an d degradin g sport went o n to the end Thi s I believe was the la s t b u ll bait i n Sheffield As a sad though fitting s equel I may add that thi s m an Ru n corn w as eventually (M ay s o fearfu lly wor r ied by h i s own bear in a field on the In take road that he died in con ” sequence in the She ffi eld Infirmary L E I G HT O N : R u n corn s real na m e w as William L ads ley I believe the circum s tances of his death were thes e He had unmuzz led the bear which was us u ally a ve r y peaceable animal and set it at libe rty by way of a treat on B ellows .
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S
T O RIE S O F B E AR WAR D S
21 1
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plain near his residence in the Park I n some way never explained the bear becoming suddenly enraged again s t its ma s ter t u rned upon him kn ocked him down an d wor r ied him on the spot The poor man s body was take n up i n a shockingly mutilated state though it was with di fficulty it could be liberated by slipping dogs at the bear The m u r derer w as shortly aft erwards S hot ; the hind paws of the animal were fourteen i n ches long L E O NARD : Bears s eem subj ect to those fit s of a n ger A similar case most of you will remember as occurri n g within ” the last few mon t hs at the Wel s h Harp Hendon T WI S S : A nother local ca s e happe n ed at or n ear E ccles A bear kept by a pe r s on there got at liberty and fie ld worried the ow n er s wife W RA GG : A noted S h e fli eld bear ward was old A rnold Kirk L ike L ads ley he was accu s tomed to take his bear to the different wakes for the purpo s e of baiti n g The follow ing is one of his adventures — G oi n g with h i s bear to the D erwe n t wakes he had reached the middle of the moor s when bruin turned sulky an d would p roceed no further A t la s t when it was quite dark he got into motio n agai n and Kirk guided by a light managed to conduct him to a cottage The old co u ple who dwelt there were quite willi n g to give Kirk a lodgin g ; bu t how abo u t his u nwieldly compa n io n If they had o n ly said the old woman s old thei r calf which was to be fetched next morni n g by the b u tcher a day befo r e bruin might have o ccupied the shed A rnold was eq u al to the occa s ion and it was arra n ged that the calf sho u ld be brought into the kitchen the bear to take i t s place in the c rib This w as done an d s leep fell upo n the mixed hou s e hold Abo u t m idnight A rnold was di s tu rbed by D ick the bear maki n g a great n oise an d gr owli n g G oi n g to in v e s ti gate the cau s e he fou n d that br u in had got a man u n der ” him A rnold called out Hold him fa s t D ick He went and informed the old people who came immediately ; an d a s soon as the old woman saw the man she exclaimed Way L ord bles s me if it i s n t t butcher we seld t c o af to e n he wor to a fetched it an d paid for it it m o rn i n A rnold says S o th art c u m d a c o af stealing art tho u and thou s getti n g ” a fin e u n there ; squeez e him again D ick The bear did as ” he was told and roared o u t agai n N ow the n b o u kh ” rascal said A rnold if thou doe s not agree to pay t price ” of t co af I will unmuzzle him an d he shall worry thee He had to purchase liberty from his awkward antagonist by .
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21 2
B E A RS
AND
BU LL S
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p aying his money and receiving no calf in return The i n habita n ts of the cottage thus made a good thing out of their hospitality JO HN S O N L et me cap that with a bull baiting sto ry O n one occasion a bull had been procured at Bradwell wake s for the purpose of baiti n g but n o stake to fa s ten hi m to had been provided O ld Mr B ag s h aw e of the Hazlebadge p a s t u res so far entered i n to _the s pirit of the sport that he exclaimed Tey him to mey tey him to mey We ll neer lo o s t beit — for t w o n t on a steek s uppo s i n g no doubt that he was They did so and upon s u fficiently strong to hold the bull the fir s t dog bei n g slipped at the bull he set off an d took Mr B ag s h aw e with him at the rope s end through the adj ace n t brook and it was with great di ffi culty that he escaped with his life L E O NARD : The following nomin e or proclamation by the b u ll or bear ward whe n the rin g w as formed may perhap s 0 ye s 0 wind u p our go ssip o n these ob s olete cruelties : o n e bull ye s one dog one bull or one bitch Three e s 0 y rebukes an d a win d E verybody keep twenty feet fr om t stake or take what come s N ow for t first dog L E I GHT O N Well we have had a long but very intere s ting sitting G ood night ( E x ea n t J .
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214
TH E
T O N T INE
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a s toni s hed the Quee n s coachman to such an exte n t that he — by way I suppo s e of I nvoking the ej aculated Jehu t u telary genius of driver s i n his di fficulty E VE R ARD C r eda t J a daeu s L E I G H T O N : How the glories of the O ld Haymar ket have departed since the s upp r e s s io n of the fin e O ld To n tine and s ince the rattle of coache s an d the galloping of po s t chaises an d the cracking of po s tilio n s whip s gave way to Water loo s which i n tur n hav e been supplan ted by ignomi n ious om n ibu s e s and inno vating tramway s WRA GG : The To n ti n e b u ilt on the site of the Castle barn s w as fini s hed in 1 7 8 5 Jame s Wat s on being the first lan dlord an d Jame s B ickley the last People stared with amazeme n t at the e r ection of s uch an hotel an d considered its promoter s dr eaming but the year after it wa s acknow ledged to be the fi r s t in the kin gdo m L E I G H T ON : O why was it pulled down 2 How well I remember the older Cha r les Clegg trumpet maj or to the Yeoman ry Cavalry bei n g o r de r ed by the m agi s trates to s ound ” t h e call for the co r p s to a s s emble L ike a brav e m an as he w as b e m ounted an d s ou n ded fir s t at the fro n t of the To n ti n e an d then o n the flat abo v e the Commercial i n n at that ti m e the v egetable market The r e a potato thr own with g r eat force an d u n errin g ai m entered the m outh of the trum pet kn ocked o u t t w o of h i s u pper teeth an d h e cea s ed sound My Old frie n d had blown his last blast an d i n g for e v er never m o r e did h e at ea r ly morn sou n d the reveill e or the tattoo at dewy e v e E VE RARD : A t this s am e Potato riot or at o n e about the s ame time the followi n g i n cide n t was wit n e s sed by m y father The mob w as stan ding near the Yellow L ion inn and the late Justice Pa r ker with the con s tables s tood oppo s ite the Ton tin e whe n a large potato was thrown with great force by an athletic m an wearin g a leathern apro n as if by trade a black The mis s ile struck the magi s trate on s mith o r blade forge r the che s t an d he lifting h i s hand to h i s brea s t s taggered back It would appear that as s oon as the man s aw what he had do n e his heart s m ote him (for the j u s tice w as a favou r ite m agi s trate ) and s tan di n g forth a space in fro n t of the mob he s houted out Mester Parker I did n t intend that to hit ” yo ; I meant it to hit Tom S m ith Thomas Smith the co n s table was s tandi n g n ear Mr Parker at the moment and thus escap ed being the Victim of this very sincere if not good i n tention ,
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T O WN HALL
TH E
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T WI S S : The Tontine s hi s tory is s o well known that we need n o t go thro u gh the old s to r y D r G atty gi ves a good de s cr iptio n of what it w as i n i t s glo r y whe n twe n ty hor s e s ” and five po s tboy s were alway s ready whe n the yard bell rang an d how s u dde n ly it collap sed o n the Opening of the Midlan d railway Twe n ty pair s of horse s were wanted one day ; o n the mo r row the road w as for s aken Thu s o n e of the fin e old E n gli s h i n n s in the court yard of which a carriage and pair ” co u ld be ea s ily d r i v e n ro u n d ca m e to grief It was i n 1 8 5 0 that the D uke of N orfolk p u rchased the hotel for the erection of the N ew Market Hall L E O N A RD I don t know what Wills mean s by .
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L aith s [ b ar n s ]
th at di s m al r et r e at Wh e r e h e ar s e s an d s t all s v e r y o ft e n d i d m e e t I s n o w a l ar g e To n t i n e — t h e l e n gth o f a s t r e e t L E O NAR D The s ite of the R oyal hotel h as bee n occupied Th e
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for the pu r po s e s of a p u blic ho u s e for great number s of year s It w as as lo n g ago as 1 7 7 9 that Mr G odfr ey Fox p u r cha s ed of Mr Barlow the old public ho u s e and black s m ith s s hop and o n the gro u nd whereon they stood built the R ei n D eer tavern WR A GG : A h G odfr ey Fox occ u pied that ho u se so m ethi n g like fifty yea r s an d the n he we n t into N ew Ch u rch street He s eem s to have bee n a m an of educatio n for I ha v e a book of h i s It con s i s t s of a nu m be r of pamphlets bou n d to gether — co m pri s i n g B u rke s Speech i n 1 7 8 0 an d h i s Re fl e c tion s o n the Fre n ch R evol u tio n al s o a letter to a N oble L ord (E ar l Fitzwilliam ) and a reply to thi s by Mr C Browne O n the leaf of the book i s written Fr om the A uthor to his fr ie n d G odfr ey F o x an d o n the fl y leaf i s writte n in a good ” c lc ar ha n d G odfr ey Fox Sheffield L E I GHT ON : We h av e pre v iou s ly spoke n of O ld N o 1 2 an d i t s s pi r ited p r oprietor Mr Tho m a s Wiley L E O NARD I re m ember that f o r many year s in the wood wo r k below o n e of the w i n dow s w as p r e s er ved the hole made by a bullet fired by the soldier s duri n g the riot at the fir s t bor o u gh election i n 1 8 3 2 Mr Wiley had the date pain ted round the hole WR A GG : A pa s s i n g glance at the Town Hall erected on the Ca s tle hill the fou n dation of which wa s laid i n 1 8 0 8 mu s t (altered and enla r ged i n 1 8 3 3 and again in s u ffi ce Man y S h e ffie lde r s i n deed have bee n glad enough ” to fight shy O f the u n pleasant hole s u n der t clock in th e days when the new police o ffices were yet unbuilt -
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216
THE
L E O NARD
H O R S LE Y S
NI CH O L S O N S
AND
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Some day perhap s it may be of intere s t to remember that the de s erted drinking fou n tain inserted in the was the fir s t w all of the Town Hall faci n g Castle s treet e r ected in She ffield whe n the fa s hion arose for s upplying the s e u s eful place s for quenching the thir s t It w as erected by the Town Trustee s an d was ope n ed by the late Mr Wm Fi s her in 1 8 5 9 L E I G HT O N These d r i n ki n g fountai n s were not a brilliant success here They were put up by v arious patriotic i n di v idu als at the Ch u rch gates the bottom of Spital hill the Moor head B r oad lane and G ibraltar s treet bu t there s oon arose a di fficulty about a co n stant supply of wate r ; the stream s topped and the fo u ntains were abomi n ably di s figured by m i s c h i e v o u s boys and rough s In fact they became nuisances L E O NARD Here is Ca s tle street o r True L over s gutter : :
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F o r l at e ly t w o l o v e r s w e r e s at o n a r ail , O n t h e e dg e o f t h e s i n k , fo n dly t e lli n g th e i r t al e , ’ W h e n t h e fl o o d w as h e d th e m d o w n i n e ac h o th er s e m b rac e , F o r n o l o n g e r t h e l o v e r s c o u l d s i t i n th at pl ac e ’ An d h e n ce , T r u e L o v e r s g u tt e r , t h e n am e th at w as gi ven , ” B e c au s e by t h e fl o o d th e s e t w o l o v e r s w ere d ri v en .
WR A GG : A t the top of Ca s tle green was Mr S a m uel H o r s ley s s ho e s hop He m a rried the s i s ter of the late Mrs Joh n N ichol so n of D ar n all an d o n e o f his n ieces li v ed with him as he had no children Mr Ho r s ley had a n ephew on h i s s ide n a m ed G lo s s op who al s o li v ed with hi m From this ci r cum s tance an attachment w as formed between the two but the yo u ng m an died an d was b u ried at Quee n s treet chapel M r N ichol s on s da u ghter became chambermaid at Page Hall and married Mr G r e av e s s coach m an Two of their children if no t three died in their i n fancy an d were b u r ied at the old Chapel of E a s e at Attercli ffe Then the husba n d died and was buried with the childre n When the widow (Mr N ichol son s daughter ) died s h e reque s ted to be buried with her u n cle Hor s ley an d asked that a walki n g stick that belonged to the you n g man G lossop her uncle s n ephew might be put in her co ffi n an d buried with her This show s how strong was her attachment M r Horsley although a Baptist attended Queen street chapel an d g r eatly resembled old Jo s hua Stephe n so n There was a c u r iou s circu m s tan ce in c on n ection with Mr Ho r s ley s will Whe n i n h i s death ill nes s it was bein g written he desired that what he had to leav e should be equally di vided amo n g the childre n of h i s wife s si s ter H i s wife then put in excepti n g John an d E lizabeth so th e se two had nothing although the niece was the one .
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218
S H E F FIE L D CA S T L E
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day of March in 1 7 9 1 and it bears t h e signatur e of Joseph Ward the Master Cutler whom I presume would be the father of Thomas As li n e Ward A t that time thi s mature apprentice was the father of four children Mrs N icholson u sed to taunt or j oke her three married daughters for marry ing men who had to learn a trade after their marriage and told them there was a gentleman who courted one of the other two They wondered who he could be and desired to see him when lo and behold he turned out to be a collier and turned presser like the other three but only for a time In those days the trade of a presser was a good one W e came acro ss one of these son s in law as residing in Broad lane Mr N icholson removed to Sheffield to be near his children and lived at the top of Broad street between N ew street and the str e et above wh e re he died The property i s destroyed by the railway His son or grandson s carried on in Pond street now 1 2 9 lately occupied by Mr A llcock In He was a file 1 8 0 4 William N icholson was Master Cutler maker in Pond street but he was not son of the for e going T WI S S : Passing on to Wai n g at e we stand on classic ground but it is a little foreign to the tenor of our usual con versation to go so far back as to try to conj ure up an imagi nary picture o f what the old Castle used to be The materials for such a picture are very scanty and all that remain s to u s above ground is the name We know that the Castle stood on rather more than four acr e s of land in the angle formed by the confluence of the Sheaf and the D on that it was fairly built of stone and very spacious and stoo d around an inward court and an outward court A ntiquaries may show a stone in their museum s that once formed part of its fabric Men who work in what we now call Castle Folds tell a somewhat doubtful story of the ground sounding hollow beneath their hammers an indication of the existence Of cellars B ut the castle itself is nowhere to be seen Its site is defile d with killing shambles ; its court yards barns stables and servants rooms its state apartments an d its great dining hall have given place to shop s and works public houses cottages and stables Sheffield Castle once so massive and strong has become a tradition and nothing mor e L E O NA RD : That hollow sound beneath the hamm e r s is not so apo ch ryph al as might be supposed Some interesting re s ults could be obtained if only we could carry out such ex rat i o n s as the Palestine Fund has been engaged upon in l o p ,
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S h effie ld Cas tl e
an d
M ano r L o dg e
in
by J
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D
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L E AD E R
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WI C K E R
TH E
219
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Jerusalem ; but instead of that we actually have opportunities for investigation when they are thrown in our way hidden from us Take for i n s tance the narrative that was laid b e fore the She ffield Arch aeolo g ical Society in O ctober 1 8 7 2 of an i n tere s ti n g disco v ery and an absurd concealment W RA GG : L et u s get down i n to the Wicker and among the thing s and people within the memory of living men T WI S S : What " without even a passing mention of the four alms — ho u ses for poor widows that were at the foot of the L ady s bridge u n til 1 7 6 7 W RA GG : At the old tilt acro ss the L ady s bri dge which has been so lo n g at work in hammering out the glowing metal once w orked and lived the father of the late A lderman E dwin Un w in Mr Unwin was once himself with a man of very different character Jo seph D ew s n ap better known as ” Pi m pey who lived in the house now occupied in part by Mr L eeds s urgeon and in part by Mr A itchi s on D e w s n ap was origi n ally a razor blade s triker but he became a rent an d debt collector and was the first defaulter i n that line He ” reigned abo u t s even years his career being short but merry for he made a grand flou r ish There are many stories of his extravagance You may remember that in his latter days he was employed to go round to the grocers telling them when to raise the price of flo u r L E O NARD : Quoting from a notice of Mr Unwin which appeared at the time of his death it may be truly said that great responsibilities were thrown upon him by this default of his employer but h i s geni u s for figures his strong good s ense and h i s integrity enabled him so to bear this ordeal that he early establi s hed a high character an d laid the foundations for succes s i n life Mr Unwin fir s t came into public life as one of the Improvement Commis s ioners a body constituted u n der a local A ct in 1 8 1 8 for lighting clean sing watching & c the town withi n a ci r cle of three quarters of a mile from ” the Pari s h Church Mr Unwin was elected a commis s ioner in A ugu s t 1 8 3 0 and he continued in the o ffi ce acting as auditor to the Com m is s io n ers u n til 1 8 6 5 until the powers of the body were transferred to the Corporation In July 1 8 30 Mr Unwin became one of the directors of the New G as Com pan y an d three year s later he accepted the o fli c e of man aging director retiri n g from his profession as acco u ntant Wh e n in 1 8 44 the two companies amalgamated Mr Unwin assumed the management of the united concern Under his control th e company was highly e fli ci en t and v e ry succ e ssful Mr ,
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WI CKER WO RTH IE S
2 20
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Unwin was a v e ry useful and consistent me mber of th e Town Council He was first elected in 1 8 4 5 for E cclesall Ward ; aft e rwards he repre s ented Upper Hallam and he was an A lderman from 1 8 5 6 to his decease In 1 8 6 8 a flattering requisition was presented to him by a large maj ority of the council requesting him to stan d for the mayoralty but in deference to his medical adviser he was compelled to decline Mr Unwin died in L ondon on the 7 t h of February 1 8 7 0 W RA GG N ear the bridge was E be n ezer R hode s the ” graphic author of Peak Sce n ery the best li t e rat eu r Shef field has yet produced He was a man of consequence as he was Master Cutler in 1 8 0 8 but I am sorry so say he was not succe s s fu l in business The fir m was R hodes and Champion Mr R hodes died D ecember 1 6 t h 1 8 3 9 in V ictoria street A t the far end of Stanley street oppo s ite Clay gardens was John S k inner who 4 0 years ago had the be s t steel pen trade in the country but somehow or other the family let the trade slip out of their hand s and it seem s to have taken flight and settled i n Birmingham an d enriched the late Joseph G illo t t once a pen blade grinder at the Kelham wheel now Mr Cr o s s lan d s corn mill In con n ection w ith this neighbour hood i t would not be right to pass over the late E dward S mith for he came of an old Wicker family His gra n d father Stephen Smith who died in 1 8 0 9 at the age of 7 8 w as established i n the Wicker E dward Smith was a man of sterling abilities but of no ambitio n as he might h av e e n tered Parliament whe n he thought prop er under the auspices of the Anti Corn L aw L eague A s chair m an of a meeti n g Sheffield nev er had his equal He w as a m an whom a lawyer would call the L eague s chamber cou n cil as they resorted to him for advice in any doubt or di ffi culty and h e always encouraged them never to despair as he had n o doubt of the ultimate i s sue — that s ucces s would sooner or later crown their efforts There are people who can remember Mr Smith a s a lad at home with his parents at 6 6 Wicker then at 1 1 4 now the shop of Mr S immons ; and finally at Fir vale with a flower garden second to none i n Yorkshire E VE RARD : E dward Smith took lesson s in drawin g an d water colours of the same master and at th e same time a s myself WR A GG : The Station i n n at the corner of Stanley street was the manufactory of fin e scissors and the residence of Mr Francis O ates (who se family I believe came from Stannington ) fath e r of th e lat e Mr Thoma s O ates who be .
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222
THE
P I CKLE
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E VE RARD : I think it wa s not the B ull inn but the White L ion inn on the oppo site side of the street a s hort ,
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di s tance before you come to Stanley street which was the favourite meeting place of Montgomery and his friends It was next door to E benezer R hodes premises and I believe was kept by a person of the name of Wood whose son married the eldest daughter of Mr R ho des John Holland (L ife of Montgomery ) gives an” account of the evening when Montgome ry suddenly dropt going He had got on hi s top coat an d was j u st about to set of when he a s ked himself —why he might not j ust as well stop at home as go He decided to stay at home and never went again It is my i m pres s ion that Montgo m ery had been s ubj ect to certain doubts and qualms of con s cience at lea s t as to the waste of time and probably dissipating i n fluence of such convivial meetings L E O NARD We have on a previous occasion had some talk about the manner in which the neighbourhood beyond this has changed within far more recent times than that — within forty years indeed WRA GG : The date when the cattle market was brought down here has already bee n mentioned Some of t h e po sts remnants of the old pens were remaining up to the time th e Manchester Sheffield an d L incol n s hire railway Viaduct was built between the Falstaff inn and t h e public house below L E I G HT O N We must not forget to mention the old resi dence of the Heaton s in The Pickle— where the family tradition says the You n g Prete n der once came Pickle house which still stood within the memory of perso n s yet living was where Mr John Hob son s s teel works are now the Pickle being the na m e for the district from th e entrance to the old Midland station to the Twelve o clock The di s trict near the latter on the town side was called Jerusale m B eyond all was open country includin g what were at the beginnin g of this century called the L ocal Fields — where the local Militia wa s reviewed These extended towards R oyds Mill Colonel Fenton the first commissioner of police livin g at Wood hill house on the G rimesthorpe road could thu s have a good view of his review ground in the valley below E VE RARD In the Pickle were the silver re fining works of the father of the present Mr Jo seph D ixon afterwards r e moved to Mowbray street WRA GG : We should not leav e the neighbourhood of th e Wicker without remarking on the learned attempt s that hav e b e e n made to arriv e at the c orr e ct etymol o gy of the nam e ,
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CLA Y S OF B RI D GE HOU SE S
2 23
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Th e re seem s to b e little doubt however that it wa s once a marshy place and that the o siers growing there and used in ba s ket making gave it the L E O NARD : The branche s of tree s hazel twi gs and so forth have been found in digging in various places in the neighbourhood of the Whit e R ails and the sandy depo s it s tend to S how that in thes e p art s the river was once very apt to overflow its po s s ibly not very accurately defined banks The whole vicinity of the N ursery and the Wicker would in early time s be swampy WRA GG A t the B ri dg eh o u s e s end of N ursery street near the Iron bridge and de s troyed by the railway wa s the Bridge house the re s idence of the Clay fa m ily R obert Clay who died in 1 7 3 7 came fr om Che s terfield t o Sh e fli eld an d for some time resided at Walkley His granddaughter married Mr G eorge B u s tard G reaves of Page Hall L E I G HT O N : Who wa s extremely wealthy s ince the pro perty of the two families was j oined by his marriage with the heires s of the Clays WRA GG : Mr G reaves had a warehouse an d town residence in N orfolk street and pr e viou s to his purchase of Page Hall he lived I believe in a large house on O aks green A tter H e w as the o n ly p erson in the town who kept a car clifl e Hunter s pedigree ri a e with coachman and footman r e re g p sents the Clay family a s havi ng expired in an heires s as a genealogist would say but this is not so as Jo seph Clay the father of Mr G r e ave s s wife was twice married By his first wife E lizabeth Sp eight he had a son who went to A merica From some cause Mr Clay discarded him and left him only £ 1 0 all his property going to M rs G reaves This disin herited son however left is su e in A merica one of whom wa s the fou n der of the Clays of Kentucky from whom de scended the celebrated A merican senator He n ry Clay His head accordin g to phrenologists was the be st developed or most equally balanced on record L E O NARD Mr Clay was the only gentleman in the neigh — b o u rh o o d who was eulogised by Mather all the re s t he satirised or vilified B ut this must have been Joseph Clay not R obert Clay his father with whom Mr John Wilson has confused him R ob e rt Clay died in the year in which Mather was born ,
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H u n t er s d eriv ati o n i s qu it e di ff eren t bu t e qu ally d o ubt f ul S ee f o r thi s an d o th er p arti cul ars resp ecti n g t h e W i cker Hun t er s H al lam s hi re C atty s e diti on 40 3 ’
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224
B RI D GE H OU SE S . ’
WRA GG : Th e last inhabitant of the Clays house was G eorge B urgin who had entered Mr Clay s servi ce in boy hood His son wa s a printer L E I GHT O N The Brightside Bierlow stocks were formerly on the B ridg eh o u s e s side of the old Iron bridge E VE RARD I well recollect them L E O NA RD Yes even I call to mind the remnant of them an d old Mr O ake s still living in reme m bers — being incarcerated in them as he told me with much amuse ment one day His o ff ence I grieve to add wa s playi n g at pitch and to ss on a Sunday Sam Hall the con stable ” caught him and kept him there for an hour My mother said the old man came to see me and didn t she call the ” fellow for putti n g me in He reme m bers too to have seen a man (Bill Jones ) tied in a cart and flogged by the beadle on its progre s s from Ca s tle street to the Town Hall A t R other ham he saw a man put in the pillory an d subj ected to th e Op eration of being pelted with rotten eggs That wa s D ick Crown WRA GG : A s to Bill Jones there mu st be some mistake there — h e w as the whipper not the whipped for h e w as the beadle at the Town Hall ; so that in stead of receivi ng he i n This Bill Jones took person s to fl i ct e d the punishment Wake field Hou se of Correction after their commitment by the magistrates Hence aro se a very commo n sayi n g at one time in the town when one person saw another deviating from the path of rectitude — Bill Jones will s oon have thee with ” out thou minde s t From the road to Wake field being then up Pye ba n k on e person would threaten another he would ” S end him up Pye bank The p risoners had to walk fastened together by a long chain like a slave gan g L E I G HT O N B ri dg eh o u s e s wa s in 1 7 8 9 associated with a tragedy which caused much exciteme n t at the time The sto ry has been variou sly told an d it i s difficult to get at it s exact merits now A leg of mutton had been taken from a man s basket as h e went over L ady s bridge and one version is that the thieve s asked the person who carried it to go with them and get it cooked for supper O ne of the men turned Ki n g s evidence for there was £ 1 0 0 (blood money it was called ) given to anybody who got a man hanged The people would have torn him in pieces but he escaped — i t wa s from ’
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Mr Oake s (s e e .
l p p 1 1 5 1 1 6) h as di e d w hil e th es e s h ee t s h ave b e en p as s in g th ro u gh t h e p re s s (S ep t 2 ag e d 8 8 a so
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2 26
C N T RI C S
EC E
E VE RARD
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It wa s a very painful thing to see the poor creatures pursued by a crowd of thoughtless boys making ” game of them as they called it B ut we had no Idiot A sy lum s then in which they might have been trained to more usefulness L E I G HT O N : There was an earlier eccentric than these Thomas Calver an in mate of the Bright s ide workhouse whom ” the children dubbed Billy R ed Wai s tcoat ” JO H N S O N : Silly L u ke had a s olid sub stratum o f sense beneath his folly ; he wa s quite shrewd where shirkin g work or getting food were concerned Ma n y of his sayi n g s have been handed down He told the workhou s e o ffi cials they might make him work but they couldn t make h i m like it He said also that he liked n eithe r nut s n o r n u t s hells but ” real down good eatin g roast beef an d plum pudding When teased by the g r inder s who in those days worked with water powe r instead of steam an d were con s eque n tly depe n den t on rain for the mean s of working L uke wished we had a sow metal s ky with a round hole for the sun to peep — throu gh for he wan ted to keep the rain from his enemies but not to lo se the sun for him s elf L E I GHT O N : L uke gave D r Sutton the vicar the name of ” O ld J o g m y eye because he would not give h i m mo n ey or puddin g ; of the latter he was very fond The vicar had a cast i n his eye and L uke follo w ed him about saying If thou won t give me puddin g I ll call thee O ld Jog m y eye The D octor got L uke s liberty somewhat re s tricted after that N othing frighten ed L uke so much as to be told he should be a grinder — for the grin ders had ground h i s fingers J O HN S O N Mr Bowman s peculiarity was an a ff ected s tyle of walking varied every few yards with a S kip and Soft ” ” Charley when told by the boys to walk proud put on a ridiculous strut Mi s s Hall the miser was a very familiar figure in our streets and about the m arket at on e time in her search for dirty scrap s with which to make a cheap dinner It used to be s aid that her bonnet was renewed by ” being rubbed over with coal tar or oily coil as the vulgate hath it She was quite wealthy and her will greatly di s ap pointed some who had diligently paid court to her for it A mong the eccentrics of about forty years ago two of the mo st prominent were E dward Price known as L ord John ” ” R ussell and John Shaw kno w n a s Magnet Jack L ord John R ussell wa s a workin g brush maker His speciality was going about making political R eform sp ee ch e s to a larg e :
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THE
O
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C RN E" CHAN E
2 27
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followin g o f boys and he always rounded off his addres s with ” some word ending i n atio n which he p r onou n ced o r e r o t u n da Magn et Jack too wa s fond of spouting when in his cup s and was a well kn ow n maker of magnet s and fir e works B oth these men in their sober moments were men of high intelligence They were very well mean in g men doing mo st harm to themselves I believe Price in hi s latter days became a reformed character ” L E I GHT O N : Jack B urton wa s still in the workhouse a few years ago O ne of hi s fav ourite a n tics was to stare t hr ough the windows of the house s in St James s r o w He generally cho s e dinner time for hi s appea r an ce and Jack s lo n g face s udde n ly p r e s s ed again st the wi n dow whe n Mr Re e dall had a dinner party h as O fte n frightened the ladie s T WI S S : I believe the late Mr Henry Jackso n cured him of that trick ,
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CH A PT E R TH E
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Po ND s — N O RF O LK S TRE E T — S HE FF I E L D MOOR BARK
Present— Messrs
ER
— POO L F AR GATE
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Twi s s , LE I G H TON , EVE R A RD , an d JO H N S ON Peri o d— A D 1 8 7 4 .
WR A GG
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L E O N A RD
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E I G HT ON
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O ld townsme n revisiting She ffi eld after an ,
ab sence of some fifty years are a s much s t r uck by the chan ge s i n the Corn E xchange an d N ew Haymarket as any thing else The old H o s pital Chapel was then j u s t over the Sheaf bridge with its adj ace n t rows of te n ements for decayed trade s m en or their widows which were reached by a descend ing flight of step s L E O NARD : They will b e still more struck in a few year s more should the plan s that have been p r ep ar ed for sweeping away the present Corn E xcha n ge an d throwing it s a r ea into the wholesale vegetable market an d erectin g a n e w E xchange that will occupy the larger part of the new Haymarket b e carri e d out Though there does not seem much chanc e of that ,
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2 28
BAKE RS H ILL
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T WI S S It was in 1 8 2 7 that the N ew Ho spital wa s opened When the old Ho spital Chapel wa s taken down in 1 8 2 9 the fo u n dation stone was found to contain this inscription This foundation stone to the H OS pi t als of G ilbert E arl of Sh r ews ” bury laid thi s 20 t h O ct 1 7 74 by Henry Howar d E sq That part was not therefore very old po s sibly it repre sented the r e building after the flood cau sed by the rapid rising o f the Sheaf had destroyed p art of the Ho s pital and drowned fo ur inmat es E VE R ARD : Turning towards Pond s treet we come upon S h em eld croft the site of the old file manufactory of N icholas Jackso n who h as bee n me n tioned a s giving e v idence of h i s vocal powers at the old Cutler s Fea s ts His a n ce s tor s were N orto n men and at his reside n ce you n g Chant r ey w as a fr e quent and intimate vi s itor The practical j okes which he and the you n g ladies played upon o n e another led not unnaturally to an afi ai r de c oen r between him an d S u s an n a Jackson She seem s to have been one of his fir s t s itters for a crayon por trait which was still i n the family a few years ago and may b e yet T WI S S : The poet Mather worked for N icholas Jackson L E O N A RD O n Baker s hill a dame s school was kept by Mrs White a We s leyan who is s till remembered by some Old i n habitant s O ne of her former scholars wrote a few years ago with much gratitude for her early in s truction and h e added that the house was still standin g I we nt dow n h e also wrote to B arrel yard dam becau s e when a boy I almo s t lo s t my life there o n e winter through the breaking of the ice I found it a dirty ditch in compari s o n with the lake like dimensions and appearance which it had in my early imagi nation I had not a few reminiscences of Pond street and of the localities down Harmer lane and along by the L ead mill and B urton bridge fields B u t how cha n ged are they The hill where the coke fire s blaz ed covered with hou ses ; B alm f o rt h dam where in my youth I once su ffered i n ex pre s sible agony at the sight of a drowning man dwindled almo s t to the i n s i g n ific an c e of its neighbour of the B arrel yard ; and a ducal residence planted where in my earliest days I had gathered daisies an d acorns W RA GG A t the L ead works lived and died the celebrated D r Browne ; a man of a kind heart and a gener al bene factor to the poor : when he died (in 1 8 1 0 ) they felt they had lost th e ir b e st fri e nd .
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THE
L E A D W O RK S
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cating the latt e r ; an d it wa s through hi s influence in a gr e at measure that the institution took the name of The She ffi eld ” G eneral Infirmary affordi n g help to whomsoever might need it coming from what quarter of the world they might Mr Job F r et s o n the grandfather of Mr Wm F r et s o n the solici tor being well aware o f the worthy D octor s strong feelin gs on this subj ect o n presenting a request for an order of admission for some p oor person took care to head the paper i n a di s tinct ” hand To the Board of the She ffield G en er a l Infirmary The D octor o n takin g the paper and seeing the heading marched about the room repeating the words The She ffield G en er a l In firmary ; yes Sir perfectly correct the G en er a l I n firm ary— I have great pleasure indeed in giving the person a recommendation T WI S S : D r Brown e is spoken of in Hunter s Hallamshire as a gentleman of no great depth but he had goo d address very plau s ible manners and withal a very generou s and ” bountiful dispo sition He is satirized in a political squib written at the time of the great Yorkshire election of 1 8 0 7 in th e following lines ,
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F o r S h am e , D r B r o w n e , S o s o o n t o di s o w n All t h e fr i en dl y b u t f u l s o m e p r o f es s i o n s , W hi c h t o L as ce ll e s yo u m ad e ’ B u t t o b re ak , I m afr ai d , An d t o i n cr e as e y ou r s m all s t o r e o f t r an s g r e s s i o n s , .
Jo h n B The town went into mourning for D r Browne for one day ro w n e .
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and Miss S eward has preserved his m emo ry in one of her publi s hed letters D r Browne of Sheffield who lives to pro m ote the good and the pleasure of others brought us for ” one day the two younger and twin sisters of Mis s R ogers This wa s said in 1 7 8 3 Po s s ibly a few particulars as to th e other partners named may not b e uninter e sting to you E VE RARD Most acceptable T WI S S D en n is Browne was a surgeon a relation of D r Browne He died in 1 7 6 7 and wa s b u ried in the chancel o f the Parish Church Samuel Turner was mo s t probably the mercer in A ngel stre e t who was the father of 2 2 children and died in 1 7 9 1 3 James Allo t t who became the prin cipal part ner in the firm was the son of Jame s Allo t t of Ch ri g le s t o n near Wake field by Margaret Clay of B ridg eh o u s e s He r e sided at At t ercli fl e and married E st h er daughter of William B urton of R oyds Mill and died without issue 3 0t h A ugust .
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97
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PO ND
S T RE E T
23 1
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when the bulk of hi s property passed to th e G r e av e s e s of Page Hall and Banner Cro s s Thomas G unning was the son of John G unni n g of Turney s court Cold A shto n G lo u He married Mary Sh i r e cli ff e by whom he left an c e s t e rs h i r e only da u ghter E lizabeth who married her cousin Capt Matthew G un n i n g It wa s this Captain an d Mrs G unnin g who sold their s hare in the lead works to Me s s rs R awson an d B arker in 1 8 21 John Sh i re cli ff e lived at Whitley Hall was father of Mrs G unning and died 1 3 t h May 1 7 8 9 The pedigree of the family is giv en i n G at t y s edition of Hunter p 4 4 6 Thoma s R aw s on of W ards en d married for his first wi fe a daughter Of Joh n B arker of B akewell and died without issue 2 4t h March 1 8 2 6 He was also the fou n der of Pond street Brewery an d was commemorated i n the political squib already referred to in a coarse verse beginning 1 78 3 ,
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To m R aw s o n , To m R aw s o n , Th o u m as h t ub , To m Raw s o n
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His po s ition in the R awson pedigr ee will b e seen on refer e nc e to G at t y s Hunter p 4 5 1 Jame s Wheat was a solicitor clerk to the Church B u rge s ses an d Town Trustee s and t h e first member of the Wheat family who settled in Sheffield Mr John James Wheat of N orwoo d i s h i s grandson Carlo s Wheat on whose coming of age the Wheat family sold their intere s t in the bu s i n e s s w as the you n ge s t s o n of Jame s Wheat and became the R ev Carlo s Co ney Wheat vicar of Timberland near Sleaford He was born i n 1 7 9 2 WRA GG I n Paterno s ter row were the Messrs C r e s w i c k s the silversmiths A p erson in their employment was for merly one of the unfort u nate p eople who in a tim e of very bad trade were employed by the pari s h authoritie s in levellin g ” the berrin grou n d n o w the site of St G eorge s Church Fortun ately better time s came and some Of tho se perso n s were pro s pero u s The one I hav e mentio n ed op e n ed the fir s t pawnbroker s shop in R othe r ham O f several others who afterwards held up their heads in the town only one i s survivi n g Mr William Holmes an old gentlema n then over 7 0 who i n 1 8 3 6 said he co u ld re m ember corn growing in Paradise square carried on b u sin es s a s a table kn ife m anu facturer at 1 5 4 Po n d s treet He remembered the walk acro s s the field The Holme s s were previou s ly in B road street Park A t 1 7 3 Pond s treet was a cutler name d Micklethwaite who left two so n s O n e op en ed a shop in L ondon an d soon lo st what h i s father left him He then went to Hamburg and prepared some razors which he sold ’
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232
R AWLE
THE
AT
POANDE S
THE
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with a few oth e r things He made his box e s to hold a pair of razors Having previously cut up the wood i n to proper lengths breadths and thicknesses they were gl u ed together and their corners r u bbed down on the s ink s tone ; and then the boxe s were lined by his wife He carried on in this way u n til he returned to She ffield ; and at one time he had a good G erman trade co n ducted in several di ff erent place s in the town He died in G lo ssop road on the premi s e s which he built now occupied by Mr A lexander Patte s on A t one time G eorge Crookes the watchman wa s his scale and spring maker at Crooke s In Pond street too i s the celebrated brewery of Thomas R awson and C o established i n 1 7 8 0 Thoma s R aw s on of whom Mr Twi s s was j ust speaking in connection with the lead wo r ks may be called the father of the radical reformers in She ffield A t the corn er of Pond hill is the warehouse of Messrs Stephenson and M aw w o o d late H o u n s field s O ne of that family the D octor with whom Mr H ax w o rt h was apprenticed built the first house in Queen street in 1 7 8 4 now occupied by Mr H ax w o r t h the surgeon H aw le at the T WI S S : A s m all portion of the old ” Po an de s may still be see n between Pond street an d the road to the new Midland station The inventory found amo n g the Talbot pap ers of L ord S h r ew s b u ry s po s session s at She ffield me n tion s painted can v a s hangin gs for win dows an d chimneys board s s tools fl ag o n s and so forth but the enumeration does not throw m u ch light on the use to which this buildin g was applied or help to prove or disprove the traditio n that it was a laundry L E I G HT O N The road to the new Midland railway station has wrought great changes in the neighbourhood of The ” Ponds L E O NARD : The street s lying between the further end of Pon d street an d N o r folk street are s triking after many of the old localities we have been speaking of for their symmetry It i s e vi dent at a glance that they must have been carried out on a de finite plan W RA GG : Yes They were already proj ected so early a s .
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1 77 1
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E VE RARD
Towards the close of the la s t century that dis tri ot now so sooty and grimy was quite suburban The late Mr Samuel R obert s c u t down a fi eld of cor n to build h i s sil v er plati n g ma n ufactory in E yre street on the pre m ises now occupied by M es srs W Sisson s and Sons hi s successors in busines s :
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2 34
H OWARD
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dred of Scarsdale o r No r t h D erbyshire but the work wa s never brought out L E O NARD : In hi s later years Mr Mitchell was carrying on works at Woodhou se Mill near Handsworth W R A GG : I n F u r n i val street too is the warehou se of Messrs Parki n an d Marshall but previou sly of Messrs Smith Moo r house an d Smith On e of the Messrs Smith has attended Carver street Chapel for so lo n g a period that a sin ger who visited it after an ab sence of forty years said Mr S m ith was the o n ly p erson he recognized L ower down are the works of Messrs R oberts an d B elk the silversmiths This place was first occupied by Messrs Furniss Poles and Furni s s / Mr He n ry Furni s s of the firm of Sanderson Brothers and C o who rece n tly died was o n e of th e sons In Charles street was Mr Broadh u rst table knife m an u fac turer whose life contain s an incident of splendid devotion worthy of comparison with the noblest self s acrific e s hi story chro n icles Forty yea r s ago in a pas sage from L iverpool to the Isle of Man the vessel on which he and his da u ghters were cros sin g w as wrecked fr o m the dru n ken stupidity of the captain He and two of hi s daughters had clung to some vestige of the ve s sel when on observing it would not hold all three the daughter s voluntarily stepped o ff to save their father that he might be spared to the younger c h ildren Mr Broadhurst had bee n Master Cutler in 1 8 4 2 JO H N S O N : O ne of my earliest recollection s is standing in Howard street on a summer s night and seeing the funerals of cholera victim s in the Cholera G round at Clay Wood in 1 8 3 2 and I recollect few thi n gs that seemed mo r e appalling ” than this an d the sight of the Cholera B asket as the con v e yan c e used to tran s port patients to the hospital wa s called WRA GG : The premise s now occupied by Walker and Hall were the warehou se of the late Thomas As li n e Ward who was a candidate for the representation of She ffi eld in Parliament in 1 8 3 2 He was Master Cutler in 1 8 1 6 and was one of S h effield s mo st prominent men for many years E VE RARD : He was a fast and early friend of Chantrey an d a member of the circle of re fined men of literary and scienti fic tastes which She ffi eld the n could boast W RA GG : J o s eph W ar d Master Cutler in 1 7 9 0 and S amuel Broomhead Ward his son i n 1 7 9 8 were of the same family Mes s rs Cammell and John son afterwards of Cyclop s works first commenced busine ss in this street Yo u know that the congregation of Howard street Chapel r e moved from Coalpit :
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TH E
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B A YLE Y
235
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lane in 1 7 90 The Chapel was attended by the Tillotson family the late W and S B utcher when young men the Mappi n families Samuel an d Jo s eph H adfield al s o by G eorge H adfield when you n g Mr H adfie ld s father is buried here ; and the father of Mr G eorge W o s t en h o lm one of its deacons is also interred in the Chapel yard O ne of its mo s t talented mini s ter s was the late R ev R S B ayley who e s tabli s hed the People s College to give not only a sound but a higher educatio n to tho se who toil for their living There are ma n y who have derived great bene fit from the Co llege L E ONARD Mr B ayley wa s so not eworthy a man that po s s i bly you m ay like to hear an extract or two from a b i o g r a — i h c a l sketch published at the time of his death N ovember p 1 5 th 1 8 5 9 He w as born at L i ch fie ld and w as an i n stance of what may be accompli s hed by resolution in the p ur s uit of knowledge He w as a man of i n domitable self wi ll and he carried into all his obj ect s the s ame resolution that he showed in self culture B u t he was not always j udicious in the choice of h i s obj ects ; and while his talent s procured him ma n y fr iends his inflexible s elf will often broke his friend ship s and i n terfered with hi s u sefulness Though always well m ea n in g he w as often imprudent and not s u fficie n tly careful of his mi n i s terial standing and character Thi s bro u ght h i m into collision with the members of h i s church and re s ulted i n those u n happy difference s which led to their separation and ultimately to h i s removal from She ffield And while his friends mourned his faili n gs even his oppo h e n t s were e v er ready to te s tify to hi s pre eminent ability B ut it was as the founder of the People s College that he establi s hed his claim to grateful remembrance While G overn me n t and the variou s section s of the church were squabblin g over the que s tion of educatio n and doi n g n othing for it he boldly an d single handed entered upon the task of seein g how far the education of the youth of both sexes of the mid dle and worki n g cla s s e s could be carried on compatibly with their engagement s i n trade H i s ability would not have availed him in this work u n less it had been accompanied by that i n do m itable per s everance which su s tained him through s u ch labour s as but few men could undergo He wa s thoro u ghly adapted to the work he had undertaken Com ple t e ly ma s ter of his task he gained the con fidence of his an d dull indeed must they have been not to have s t u de n t s taken knowledge in some of the varied forms in which h e .
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236
THE RE V
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B AYL E Y
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presented it to them He sought to develop the minds of his student s and teach them to thin k that bein g accordin g t o hi s idea the ultimate obj ect — i h fact education N one but tho se who had the good fortu n e to be his stude n ts can fully appr e ciate his excellences as p r i n cipal Of the College If at times they fou n d in him the i m pe ri o u sn e s s o f a despot they also found in him th e kindn ess of a friend and the tenderness of a pare n t E v er ready to communicate it wa s his delight to teach an d he loved tho s e who sat at his feet for i n struction Mr Bayley n ever so u ght to influence the religiou s Views of his stude n t s to his o w n idea s of the truth A lways reverent of sacred thing s he held the do m ai n of conscie n ce to o sacred for human interfere n ce Mr Bayley was a man of many faults b u t to u s they appear greatly dimin ished by the tim e he has been remo v ed from She ffield ; while his excellencies which were likewise many and be s t Worth remembrance are present with u s He impressed his spirit on some of t h e ri s ing yo uths of She ffield and the benefit of his labours will be felt through all time They will be no less effective b e cause not see n nor less real though unacknowledged JO HN S O N It was in 1 8 3 6 that Mr B ayley came to Shef fi eld from L outh L incoln shire and in 1 8 4 6 that he left for a chapel i n R atcli ffe Highway L ondon Thence he went to Hereford where he had been about two years at the time of his death He was the author of N ature considered as a ” ” R evelatio n History of L outh L ectures on the E arly History of the Christian Church and other books For some years prior to his death he had been engaged on a life of Thomas Wentworth E arl of Stra tford for which he had made mo s t extensi v e re s earches amo n g the State papers the r ecords of the Wentworth family and similar sources E VE RARD : There are some other point s in the history of Howard street Chapel that I should like to mention You can get a list of it s ministers from the ordinary sources of information The fourth t h e R ev J R eece (1 7 9 7 ) was a very amiable and exemplary Christian man characterised by a singular simplicity and originality in his preaching Mont go m ery related how he heard him preach a funeral sermon which produced a great impression on his mind A fter four years mi n ist r y he died January 8 1 8 0 1 universally r e s pect e d ; and a handsome s ubscription was raised to mak e p r ovision for his widow and children The next minister wa s the R ev Samuel B arnard and he was succe e ded by the R ev James Mather a very e n e rg e tic pr e ach e r and u s e ful man , .
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2 38
ARUN DEL
S T REE T
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E VE RARD
I forget it s provisions T WI S S : A fter variou s charitable and other bequests he left all his real and leasehold estates and all the re s idue of his personal e states to his executors declaring it to be his earne s t wish and desire that they sho u ld devote the whole of it to building and e n dowing churches chapels and s chools or to any other charitable purpo s e s Up to the present time Mr D e w s n ap s earnest desire has n o t bee ngrati fied WR A GG The D e w s n aps were pre s sers A few years ago for a short time resided at 9 1 Thoma s L ong w orth the brother of the celebrated Mrs Yelverton Ju st beyond Mr C o w li s h aw s was Mr Stones presser father of the late Mr Frederick Stones edge t ool manufacturer O n the s ite of the S chool of Art were the silver shop s of Messrs Smith and Hoult I think one of the partners resided in the house now o ccupied by D r J C Hall A t the other s ide w as Mr Spurr the cutler who left Church street It i s now Mes srs Brad burys silversmiths A t the en d of A rundel street are the works of the late Thoma s E lli n He came out of the country as apprentice to a p erson of the name of Oldale married hi s master s daughter and was in partnership with his mother Mr i n law in one of the lanes near Howard s treet Chapel E llin attended to bu s in ess an d a s the result busine s s attended to him but his brother i n law fell into poverty and ob s curity and his grandchildren are now table knife hafters In S yc a more s treet died Mr Francis Chambers who previously kept a public house in Water lane So m e of his customers were Charles and Matthew S h i r t cli ff e Wil liam G ray and John Milner Willia m G ray will be remembered in connection with Broad lane as the great j umper an d a boot and shoe maker O f John Milner it wa s said that he was the best spring knife cutler in the town and as a debater h e was con O n some occa s ion he was s i de r e d unequalled in argument exa m ined before a select committee of the House of Com mons These were accustomed to meet at Mr Ch amb er s s to discuss and argu e L E O NARD : Here is the Theatre R oyal with its spirited pro file of S h ak s pe are and some dramatic symbols in the pedi ” ment That was executed by a poor wand e ring tramp named Ren i lo w e L E I GH TO N : In th e days of the South D evon Militia of whom we talked once before Messrs Manley and R obertson w e re the lessees of the Theatre O h rare Jemmy R obert ” what a favourit e w e r e you th e darling an d d e light of s on ,
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THE
THE A TRE
O YAL — T UD O R PLA CE
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23 9
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th e gods of the gallery ; your appearance was at all times welcome The orche s tra con s isted of Charle s Clegg and his ” ” O ld Fo ster Billy Taylor and hi s s o n an d other s son who se name s I have forgotte n O n the opening night they knew well who was behind them and what wa s expected fr om them O n the first flourish of their fiddle s previ o u s to the drawing up of the curtain the cry was for Poor Jack There s a sweet little cher u b s it s smilin g aloft to keep ” watch o er the life of poor Jack There w as great en t h u s i as m the pit ri s ing as one man to do homage to the song and to D ibden its writer It wa s the cu s tom then to have a professional singer who sang between the play an d the fa r ce and such songs were s ung as te n ded to elevate the public taste— not N igger melodies The first so n g I heard on the stage was He was famed for deeds of daring T WI S S The board s of our Theatre h u mble as they are have been trodden by di s ting u ished feet— M r s Siddon s and her brother Kemble (who w as the le s see for several s eason s ) and Charle s Kean and the elder Macready and h i s son L E O NARD The present state of Tu dor place i s very melancholy G rimy black walls whose monotony is i n crea sed by tattered shreds of flami n g po sting bills s tare at the once considerable residence of old Henry Tudor while its a n cie n t adornments of wreathed flowers co n template with an a s pect of profound melancholy the deep p uddles the chaotic boulders the piles of stones the layers of timber and ge n eral waste heap loo k that have invaded the sacred precincts of it s once charming garden The p arade ground of the A rtillery V olunteers and the other buildi n g s that intervene between Tudor place and A rundel street have u surped the place of the flower beds and fruit tree s of He n ry T udor an d the s yc a more s that surrounded his domain have their memory p er e p t u at e d in the adj oining s treet once Sycamore hill that breathes a fragrance of anything but bright flowers and green trees There lived Henry Tudor head of the firm of Tudor L eader and N icholson one of the first if not the fir s t tha t e ngaged in the manufacture of the then newly in v ented pro c e s s of silver plating The bu siness had beg u n somewhat before 1 7 5 8 in the manufacture of s nu ff boxes and it de velo pe d into the silver plati n g trade There i s a tradition that it was in one of the garrets of T udor hou s e that the acci dental discovery o f the possibility of coatin g cop per with sil ver was discovered on the s ite now occupied by the m an u f ac tory of M e ssrs Round and Son ; and it was only a s late as .
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240
H E N RY TU D O R
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May 1 8 6 5 that the last portion of the old buildin g s was pulled down In doing this a con siderable quantity of scrap metal wa s found hidden away in the roof the unremoved booty of some u nknown thief E VE RAR D : I have seen a memorandum left by one who at a later period was a member of th e firm which speaks of Henry Tudor and Thoma s L eader a s two silversmith s who came from L ondon They had a sleepi n g p artner a medical g entleman named Sherburn and says th e writer he resided in Tudor House the two working part n er s li ving in the house adj oining which wa s taken down when the Free L ibrary was built L E O NARD If Mr Tudor did not live in the house call e d by his name at first he did soon afterwards and D aniel L eader who havin g been apprenticed to the firm a s box maker i e s n u ff box in 1 7 6 2 and afterwards becam e a partner lived in the now demoli s hed house adj oining which too had a fruitful garden T WI S S : Mr Tudor was a man of wealth and he must have had some taste for he was one of our earliest local p atron s of the fin e arts I fear however he may have been deceived as ple n ty of other people have been in the genuine ne s s of his p urcha s es for Chantrey had no very lofty opinion of them H i s frie n d Mr T A Ward seem s to have written to as k his fr iendly opinion and Cha n trey replied There are o n ly three picture s in Tudor s collection which I can recommend you to purchase The first i s one of the picture s which I clean ed —the binding of Chri s t by O ld Franks : it is one of the b est pictures of that ma s ter worth t w enty guineas The second is an Italia n picture ; subj ect— fig ur e s and architect u r e and has a goo d e ffect I don t know the arti s t it may be worth about fift e en guineas The third is a head by Wr ight of D erby ; Mr T udor gave twelve guinea s f o r it which I conceive to be its full value The G uido W at t e au s W o u v er m an s & c —as they are pleased to call them— are in my opinion v ery indiff erent imitation s of thos e masters I advi s e you by all mean s n o t to That wa s in 1 8 0 8 L E O NAR D : Henry Tudor was a stately gentleman of th e old school rather dogmatic an d L E I G HT O N V ery proud He had the character of b e ing the proudest man in She ffield and he went by the name of ,
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M em o ri al s
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Ch an t rey , 8 5
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2 42
A S S EMB L Y
TH E
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OO M S
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gr e at grandsons Mr A sh rememb e rs D aniel L e ader as he u sed to see him in his knee breeches long waistcoat large cu ff ed coat ribbed worsted stockings and large buckle s on his sho es at the famous hostelry of the Three Stags in Carver street kept by Mrs Wil s on There with his old chum Quaker A braham Wigram D aniel L eader who is de ” a little stiff man built like an oak w as wont s cribed a s to di scuss local matters and drink his pint of home brewed in the days when our venerable friend of to day w as a youth eating his bread and cheese an d adapti n g his palate to the flavour of the She ffi eld ale A braham Wigram was a bit of a poet and somewhat of a wit and when old Bi s hop the factor from Sharrow lane wa s buried he made some v erse s de s cr ip tive of his screwing habits and moralising on h i s end L E I G HT O N : E n tering N orfolk s treet from A rundel street we have on our left back to back with the Theatre R oyal the A ssembly R oom s and on the right a tin ner s s hop once the building to which Mr Wreaks removed the Po st O ffi ce in 1 8 28 B ut the inconvenience of this situation wa s too great and a move wa s made to the Commercial B uildings in High street now occupied by Messrs L e vy T WI S S : A nd w ould you actually pas s over the A ssembly R ooms the scene of the mo st notable feature in the social life of She ffi eld a century ago with that bare mention From the year Hunter tells u s the assemblies were held in two rooms of the Boys Charity School where the company enj oyed conversation or the mazy dance by light not of wax which beamed from sconce s of tin The rooms of which we are now speaking were built in 1 7 6 2 and the Town Council became tenants of them in 1 8 46 In that year (N ovember 28 ) th e I n dep en den t published some very intere sting docum ent s relating to these gatherings which I happen to know were contributed by the most competent pen These compris e d lists of subscribers with an atte m pt at identifying the person s whose name s app e ared ; a list of a few of the earlier Qu e en s ; the term s of admission and the rules These contain much curiou s information but they are too long to inflict upon you now L E O NARD : A diff erent and perhap s Older set of rules wa s publish e d in the S hefii eld Ti mes of D ecember 2 7t h 1 8 5 1 E V E RARD : O pposite u s is N ether Chapel— the new N ether Chapel we old m e n should call it since it supplanted the o ld building we remember so well A mongst the seceders from ” t he Upp e r Chap e l and on e who took a gr e at int e r e s t i n -
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NE TH E R CHAPE L
2 43
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and was a larg e subscriber to the buildin g of the O ld Ne ther Chapel in 1 7 1 5 was a Mr John Smith O n the authority ” of Mr Hunter s G ens Sylvestrin es we learn that t hi s Mr Smith was born at B ell House Au gust 28 t h 1 6 8 4 and was bapti s ed at E ccle s field He wa s apprenticed to John Winter a con siderable manufacturer i n She ffi eld wa s admitted to the freedom of the Cutlers Company in 1 7 0 5 and became the Master Cutler in 1 7 22 He was deeply engaged in the e ff ort s of the Cutler s Company to obtain powers to make the D on a navigable river by which Sheffield might be connected with the Humber O n that occa s ion the interests of the town were committed into his hands an d he went to L ondon and so far brought over members Of both Hou s e s of Parliament to approve and vote for the desig n that the obj ect was attained Mr S m ith was a per s on of a remarkably religiou s in 1 726 spirit He died N ovember 1 5 t h 1 7 5 3 at t h e age of sixty nine and was buried i n t h e chapel yard He was the great grand father o f the late Mr E benez er Smith who married a daughter of the R ev John Harmer the minister of N ether Chapel and was the father of Harmer Jo shua F E and Sydney Smith Some years ago a curiou s old relic in n o w amongst u s the form of a scrap of writing came into my hands which aff orded a Vivid glimp se of the state of feeli n g entertained by the N onconformists of that day with regard to Popery It is in the form of an announcement made by the clerk o fli ci at i n g at the N ether Chapel (Jeremiah Marshall by name ) on Sunday th e 4t h N ovember 1 7 5 0 informing the co n gregation that a public service would be held o n the next day in the chapel on a sp ecial occasio n The R ev John Pye the u n cle of the late R ev John Pye Smith was at that time the mi n i s ter The following i s a copy of the notice in que stion Please to take notice that to morrow will be the retur n of the 5 t h of N ovember There will be a Sermon preached here in commemoration of two remarkable deliverances in our favour both as Protestant s and E nglishmen The o n e was the Powder Plot in the reign of Ki n g Jame s the Fir s t 1 6 0 5 now 1 45 years ago ; a plot that could be contrived by no n e but the D evil and his youn ger brother the Pope of R ome and his accursed crew Th e other was the R evolution i n the person of the renowned Prince of O range 1 6 8 8 now 6 2 years ago He as an i n s trument under G od delivered us from Pope r y an d Slavery and the memory of the great William the III will be sweet and valuable to every true Briton while the world endures F rom what I happ e n to know I have littl e doubt that a ’
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2 44
N ETHER
CHAP EL .
worthy anc e st or of min e (one of the sec e ders from t h e Upp e r Chapel ) would relish and endorse th e good old clerk s an n o u n c em e n t and duly attend with his family the appointed A lthough I should not like to undertake to defend s ervi ce e very word of Mr J e remiah Marshall s trenchant phra seolo gy yet I do admire the spirit of sturdy Protestantism and love of civil and religious liberty that it expresses L E O NARD : I was reading the other day in the S hefii eld M er cu ry of May 1 2 1 8 2 7 a long account of the foundation May 7 It gives in s tone laying on the previous Monday ” full th e oration pronounced by the Rev Thomas Smith on the occasion which is interesting as containing a sketch of t h e history of th e chap el and of his predeces s ors in t h e m inistry Th e inscription was as follows ’
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L o w er
C h ap e l bu ilt 1 7 1 5 ; Re b u ilt by P u bli c S u b s cri p ti o n 1 8 27 T H OM A S S M I TH , A M , Mi n i s t er
Th e
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WI L L I A M PARKE R JA M E S B ARTON D AV I D H AS L E H U R S T PRI TCHARD an d WAT SON ,
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bottle and deposited under the stone was the following his tory : The N ether Chapel having stoo d 1 1 2 years had be com e inconvenient to the congregation and i s therefore r e built by public subscription at an expense of a bout £ 4 000 including £ 7 0 0 paid for additional land A con s iderable part of this sum has been raised by weekly contributions sin ce ” A pril 1 8 2 1 chiefly collected by Here says the M ercu ry follows a list of twenty one names but we for ” bear inserting them from motives of delicacy R eading the report now w e can only regret that the newspaper in having such a t e nder respect for the modesty of the collectors de prives u s of a useful bit of town lore T WI S S : W e can get the nam e s of t h e s uccessive minis ters from Hunter and other sources but no on e ever thinks o f recording t h e deacons names Yet such a li s t would s uggest many memorie s to old She ffield dissenter s E VE RARD : A reminiscence I hav e of the opening of Ne th e r Chapel in 1 8 28 enabl e s m e to giv e yo u a glimpse of on e who poss e s ses a fair claim to rank among the O ld Shef field Worthies— th e R ev William Tho rp e He took part in th e o p en ing s e rvic e s , and that w as h i s last app e aranc e i n hi s ,
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2 46
THE RE v
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TH ORPE
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old Young Thorp e carried out th e instruction s to the letter rubbing o ff the plate and bruisin g exactly as the old one was bruised Many of Thorpe s fellow workmen were imbued with th e e xtreme Views of Jacobinism and at their inst anc e he challenged Mr Macready the father of the gr e at trage dian Wh o w as at that time the lessee an d manager of the She ffield Theatre to a public discu s s ion on the causes and principles O f the French R evolution This Mr Macready accepted ; and the meeting took place in the F reemason s L odge in Paradise square (recently Mr H ebblet hw ai t e s school room ) which wa s crowded to excess The late Mr William I bbit t s father belonged to the same trade and was present on that occa s ion A ccording to his account William had quite the mastery over his opponent and at the end the meeting by a large majority voted the youthful champion of political freedom the victor The R ev J e h o i ada Brewer was at that time the mini s ter of the Quee n street Chapel ; and he held similar p olitical View s William Thorpe was happily brought u n der hi s influence and became a decidedly religious character A t length he e n tered on the regular discharge of the duties of the Christian mini s try though without pa ssing through the process of an academical trai n i n g The fir s t place in which William Thorpe was located was as the pastor of the Independent Church at Shelley a Yorkshire village whence after about a year he went to Chester In 1 7 9 6 he became the minister of Net h er field Chap el Peni s tone In 1 8 0 0 he removed to L o n don and the n ce to Bristol where he remained to the end of his life O n the memorable occasion of the opening service s of the new N ether Chapel in the month of A ugu s t 1 8 28 the chapel was crowded to excess The preacher was a tall big man and very corpulent but without anything heavy or vulgar about the form and expres sion of the face O n the contrary his features ri s in g above were finely and even delicately a remarkable double chin formed more e specially the nose and mouth His high for e head wa s bald and what portion of hair he had was of a dark col our with a touch of grey on his s hort slight whiskers His no se was somewhat of the R oman type ; h i s eyes were black and piercing ; with a s mall mouth an d a r che d eye brows His voice wa s remarkable for it s compas s an d power an d was apt to swell i n to thunder to n es a s he denounced in awful terms the doom of the impeniten t ; or become modu lated into accents of the mo st persuasive tenderness in urg ing sinners to repent and believe in the S aviour The sub .
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N O RF O LK
S T REE T
247
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j ce t was th e Christian doctrine of the Atonement Thi s he treated in his own peculi ar style and with a fulnes s of illus t r at i o n and a clearnes s and force of argument that I never heard exceeded nor indeed so much matter on that subj ect compres s ed within the limits of a single sermon It is true he preached for above an hour and a half but th e attention of the people was riveted from first to la s t The impression produced on the minds of his hearers by this discours e was very great Him s elf the son o f the R ev John Thorp e h e was the father of another Indep endent mini s ter of the same name who was for some years the minister of Mount Z ion Chape l L E I GHT O N : Chap el w alk between N ether Chapel and the Wesleyan Chapel below (built in formerly came into N orfolk street by a s eries of s tep s They were removed at the same tim e as tho s e in V irgin s walk and E a s t p arade descending into Campo lane by a perso n named Marriott a file s m i t h who had the control of th e highways WR A GG : Chapel walk is one of o ur old thoroughfares It formerly contained with their backs to it some very old fr ame houses built of lath and pla s ter I n G eorge street the Mechanic s Institution was commenced in 1 8 32 and conducted on the premises of th e late Messrs Pi ck s lay now the site of the o fli ces of Messrs Broomhead Wightman and Moore the solicitors This was the first attempt made in the town for the labouring clas ses to receive instruction in eveni n gs after their daily toil L E O NARD : Yo u spoke once before of Harwood and Thomas who were on the site of the She ffield B anking Company s premi s e s WR A GG : At the lower corner of Change alley were the Messrs D eakin m e rcha n t s one of whom founded the charity that bears his name A t t h e o t h e r corner until recently were th e Mes s rs Woodcock the b r u s h m ak er s who must have been people of ta s te as some very valuable pictures were sold at their sale It almo st looked as if they had studied the science of a s tronomy O pposite in N orfolk street are the Me s srs R odgers the cutlers who as formerly noticed came from Hawley croft I have heard it stated that ori gi nally they came from Sta n nin gton N ear in Milk street i s Mr Bowlin g s s chool cele brated as bein g kept by the late Mr J H A braham who be s ides having the be st school in the town was of a mechanical turn of mind for in 1 8 2 2 h e i n .
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2 48
N O RF O LK
S T REE T
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v e nted a magn e tic apparatus for the prot e ction o f person s employed in dry grinding T WI S S A testimonial was presente d to him in that year in token of respect for his talents and in acknowledgment of hi s services to an a fflicted cla s s of workmen by his inge n i o u s invention and he also received the gold medal of the Society of Arts for the same invention JO HN S O N : L ike many other things that are theoretically sound the magnetic apparatus was practically usele s s The great complaint again st it was I believe that it wa s speedily choked with the fragment s of metal attracted and then the respiration of the workman was di stressingly hindered WRA GG : Messrs Sansom in N orfolk street (now Harrison Broth e rs and Howson ) had a table blade forger named Mus croft who was a man of great i n genuity He had be e n a collier He made and repaired clocks some of which I have seen and I believe he contrived a small gas app aratu s I think I co uld almo st po s itively say that G eneral G rainger one of the confederate officers in the United States rebellion was born in the Park and wa s the s o n of one of Mr Mus croft s daughters L E O NARD : The public hou se at the bottom of the street now the N orfolk A rms w as John Wilso n tells us in a note ” to Mather s song of Shout em down s barn c alled The ” Hullett or O wl and about the end of the last century it wa s kept by Mr Michael Wate r hou se I t s p seudonym was Shout em down s and it was a favourite rendezvou s for recruiting parties E VE RARD A t N o 1 4 N orfolk street Chantrey had apart ment s during the recess of the R oyal A cademy in 1 8 0 4 when he s olicited the p atronage of the ladie s and ge n tlemen of She ffi eld in sc u lpture and p ortrait painting A s models ” from life ar e n o t generally attempted in the country hi s advertisement said F C hopes to meet the liberal s e nti ” ment s of an impartial public L E O NARD Chantrey too wa s a frequent Visitor at another hou se in this s treet that which is now o ccupied by Miss B arry dres smaker the n the residence of Mr Sterndale sur geon who had married Mary Handley of whom we spoke when talking of A ngel street I n his Me m orials of Chantrey Mr Holland tell s that Chantrey and Mrs Sterndale (who was a local authoress ) o n ce met at a party at Mr R evell s in N orfolk street and during the evening a violent thunderstorm Mrs Sterndale and Chantrey disappeared in succes c am e o n .
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25 0
N O RF O LK
S T REE T
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from the academy Thereupon h e succ ee d e d t h e Re v Mr B arber as pa s tor of a small congregation at B urntwood in E s s ex an d after a few years became a ssistant to D r E aton High Pav eme n t Meeting N ottingham A fter four years h e w as invited o n the death of the R ev Thomas Haynes to th e Upper Chapel Sheffield an d he s ettled there in 1 7 5 9 He married on the 2 9 t h July 1 7 6 2 S usanna eldest of th e th r ee daughters of h i s predeces s or Mr Haynes For nearly fo rty year s he pre s ided over the Sheffield co n gregation and one at Fulwood i n co nj unction with the R ev John D ickenson for half that period and the Re v B e nj amin N aylor for the latter half In N ovember 1 7 9 8 he resigned the pastoral o ffi ce an d he died on the last day of the year 1 8 0 3 The I r i s of the 5 t h January 1 8 0 4 contained a brief obituary notice ” from the p en of his worthy late coadj utor and another fuller an d more acc u rate appeared in the M o n t hly M ag az i n e for February of the same year I have confined myself in thi s epito m e to the bare facts omitting the a ffectionate and eulogi s tic language which Mr Hunter employed WRA GG : O n the side of the street opposite Upper Chapel were the warehou s e and town residence of Mr B u stard G reaves of Page Hall The warehouse is o ccupied by Mr Hay the spirit merchant and the site of the house is now the Savings B an k L E I GH T O N Concerning the same p r emises and the same fir m it has been related how a young man named Wood head became a partner of Mr G re ave s s He was appr en ticed to Mr G reaves and bei n g sharp and steady he w as o ff ered a partner s hip after he cam e of age if he could fin d Havi n g n o mo n ey of hi s own he went to one of the £ 1 0 00 Ri mi n g t o n s an old friend of h i s employer and told his story Mr R imingto n with a genero s ity so unexplained that I fancy s ome es s e n tial poi n t may have been omitted from the narra tive advanced £ 1 00 0 wi s hing young Woodhead every suc ce s s an d telli n g him that if he failed the repayme n t of the loa n wo u ld n ever be a s ked for M r Woodhead became a wealthy m an b u ilt himself a ma n s ion at H i gh fie ld and lived to a good old age It is said that manufacturers liked to do b u s i n e s s with the Woodheads who were factors S o long as the article was good no obj ection was raised to the price WR A GG : In N orfolk street were the warehouse and works of Blouk S ilco ck an d C c — i n the gates next to N o 1 43 Their shops extended to N o r folk lane and are now turned into tene ments A t the top of the street next to the Turki s h B aths .
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LAD IE S WALK
25 1
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are the Messrs B arlow who se family have been in the sci s sor trade for more than a century E V E RARD : I n the house now occupied by the Turkish Baths at the corner of Charles street died unmarried G eorge B adon one of the sons of John E ado n th e master of the Free Writing school T WI S S : In Union s treet was th e second Methodist Chapel erected in the town put up after the first in Pi n s t o n e lane had bee n destroyed by a mob B ut that wa s long ago abo u t the middle of the last century W RA GG : A t the top of Porter street or as it used to be called L adies walk was Mr Hutchinson the coachmaker who as I mentioned once before wa s so tall that he had a gig made expre s s ly for himself with a r e cess for hi s leg s His family in N orfolk street had been many years in the wheelwright and carriage business He w as the father of the late Mr William Hutchinson of the firm of N aylor V ickers and Hutchinson L E I G HT O N A stroll down L adie s walk would at one time have taken us into a colony of pleasant gardens D own there was the famou s file factory of Mr D aniel B ramall who in 1 8 1 6 built Sheaf Hou se afterwards the residence of Mr G eorge Younge His name has been given to the street L E O NARD Chantrey adorned that house an d took portraits of a large number of the B ram alls and as at that other file smith s in S h e m e ld croft — N icholas Jack s o n s — s o here at the file smith s in Bramall lane he had an afi ai r e de cce ur with one of the daughter s — Mary WRA GG The factory w as close to what i s now the Cricket ground ; 5 0 or 6 0 years ago these were the largest file works in the n eighbourhood I n 1 8 0 5 Mr D an iel B r amall obtained a verdict of £ 20 0 0 damages against a Birmin gham file maker for violati n g his mark N ow I believe it i s quite v aluele s s E VE R A RD : Since we have wandered away from the town s uppo se we get back to it by another route taking in L ittle Sheffield and the Moor JO HNS O N : G ood I have no doubt L ittle Sheffield may produce some interesting go ssip since the manufactory of G eorge Jeeves and Son brush makers was situated there It h as been said that there probably never w as any one about whom s o m a n y amusi n g stories were told a s Mr G eorge Jeeves an d the fo llowi n g have bee n related — H e had b e sides his own workmen a large number of apprentices and he would station himself at his gates at s i x o clock in the .
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25 2
MR
O
JEEVES
GE RGE
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morning and pull the ears of any l ads who w e r e late O n e of the s e lad s was very lazy an d troublesome to his mast e r O ld Jeeve s u s ed to keep a s i x and sixpenny whip for the pur po s e o f correction an d Jack S got a large s hare of this ki n d of attention While u n der p u n i s hment he wo u ld loudly p r o m i s e to do better b u t would quickly relap s e into his old li s tless ways He w as a great trouble to his employer w h o was really a good master to good ser vants The lad often caused his ma s ter to swe ar of which he would bitterly repent after ward s and he h as been heard to say to the tiresome appre n ” tice Thah makes me run into more sin than a little Mr Jeeves had a pe w at St Paul s Church and expected his lads to attend there and in time O ne Sunday morning on his way to church down the Moor he saw G eorge an apprentice playing at marbles on some waste ground He called out i n pa s s i n g N ow t h ab ll be in time lad t h ab ll ” ” be in time Yes Sir was the reply but he stayed too lo n g and was late at church O ld Jeeves waited his o ppo r t u n i t y an d during the prayers s idled up to the o ff ender and gave his ear a tremendous wring G eorge partly from pain and partly to serve his ma s ter out set up a yell that re s ounded through the church A nother of these lads not liking to go to church tried to annoy his master by going very s habbily dres s ed ; and Mr Jeeves quite audibly remarked G o thee to t bottom thah shabby d A s a proof of his regard for the decencie s of worship he wa s heard to say ” yo u kn eel in a praying po sture to a n other lad D W RA GG With some of the best stories told of Mr Jeeves the R ev Fra n k Parker incumbent of D ore is asso Jeeve s very frequently accompanied the minister to c i at e d his S u nday labours and when one feast S unday the i n c u m bent took for his text It is ea s ier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich m an to enter the kingdom ” of heaven Mr Jeeves rose and turning round to the con There you poor g r e g at i on with his hand lifted exclaimed ragged de v ils did you hear that " There s good news for ” you L E I G HT O N : A good dinner us e d to be one of the ac c o m of the D ore excursion s It i s said that sometim e s a n i m e n t s p if the s ermo n was rather too long for his taste Mr Jeeve s would go to the bottom of the pulpit steps and call out in a Frank Frank t goo se i s ready cut it short s tage whi s p er ” man Mes srs Jeeves had some very respectable boys and amongst th e m Mr Thoma s Marshall afterwards a butcher in .
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54
SE
CA D MAN
TH
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tenant of the old house still standing at the corner of Young street and Hodgso n s treet o n the 23 rd Au g u s t 1 8 03 A t that time the b u ilding must have bee n con siderably more than fifty year s old but it p r esented n o s ign that it would o n e day be the dilapidated place it i s or that it wo u ld be clo s ed in by streets teemi n g with a hard workin g pop u latio n The pre m ises were divided i n to house an d work s hop an d from ” the latter there wa s really a charming outlook O ld Seth took a lively interest i n the stirr in g event s of hi s time an d kept a diary of which the intention wa s better than the spel ling Its records begin with 1 8 0 7 an d it i s n o w i n the po s ses s ion o f S eth s gran ddau ghter Mrs G illo tt of E ge r ton ” E vi n t f u l Ti m e s to F u ture A ges i s the headi n g of street each page an d the e n tries relate to all ma n n er of event s private domestic local n atio n al and foreign I n D ecember 1 8 23 a great flood of water ca m e i n to L ittle She ffi eld It was one yard I gh e in our ho u se in You n g street did great ” dam i g e L argest ever nou n g S eth Cadm an died in 1 8 3 2 ” aged 7 7 In the words of a sampler worked by a gra n d da u ghter He was followed to his grave by upwards of s ixty ” childre n grandchildren and great gran dchildr en His son S eth Cadm an died in 1 8 4 9 at the age of 6 7 the third S eth having died two mo n ths before aged 2 6 O n e of the s i s ters of the latter had married M r G illo t t an d a s econd Mr Cro ss la n d spring knife cutler who twe n ty yea r s ago emigrated to A merica an d settled in B u ffalo There he fell ill an d was in great distress but his wife who had had some t r aining a s a dress maker an d was a wo m a n of much e n ergy sold a watch an d with the proceeds bought materials which she made u p into a baby s dress That was the beginning of a pro s pe r ou s career for the dres s being displayed and sold other orders followed an d now she i s the head of a large e s tabli s hme n t and drives her carriage Two brothers who continu ed the comb makin g trade in the old ho u se until about ten years ago also we n t out to B u ffalo an d were started i n b u s i n e s s by their si s ter a s stationers an d n ews agents L E O NAR D : You should not fo r get to add that po s terity owes a debt of gratitude to old S eth as the first to m an u f ac ture here the small tooth comb E VE RARD : I n those days from L ittle She ffield to the Sugar House at the bottom of Coalpit lan e there was scarcely a ho u se It was then She ffield Moor in reality where tall Mr Hutchin son u sed to break i n and train carriage horses W RA G G : Th e old house of Mr Kirkby in B utton lane ,
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LI TT LE
S HE FF IE L D
25 5
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would be one of th e few in the neighbourhoo d It is dated 1 7 0 5 and part of it i s now occupied a s the Blacksmith s ” Cottage public house Miserable shop s have been buil t in front of part of it L E I G H T O N Sheffield Moor originally w as not much better than a swamp through which a path wa s made by two em b an k m en t s being thrown up between which was a deep ditch The pre s ent road was made at great cost by filling up this ditch B ut we have mentioned these things before L E O NARD The Moor ha s b een described as a wild com mon adorned with gors e bu shes an d foxgloves an d po ssessing a bowling green W RA G G : The Woo dman public hou se on the Moor is on e o f the oldest dwelling house s in the neighbourhood ” L E ONARD I think the R o s e and Crown at H i ghfields i s still older It is worth an y one s while to go and look at it I am told that there i s a bedstead in on e room that ha s never been taken down for nearly eighty years and if it were r e moved now the ceiling would come down too for it is supported by th e bedstead E VE RARD : R ather an uncomfortable place to sleep in A s we pa s s Bright street F it zwi lliam street and R ockingham street let us notice them as illustration s of the origin of o ur street na m es They at once in dicat e the ownership of the s oil by the house of Wentworth The last Marquis of R ock ingham married the daughter of the last E ccle sall Bright and so came into pos session of the property A s he died without is s ue it descended to his nephew E arl Fitzwi lliam It is said that the Marqui s when taunted with m arryi n g a woman of no blood replied that if she had no blood she ” had plenty of suet JO HN S O N : In my own recollection about 4 0 years ago t h e whole of the district comprising D evonshire Han over Fitz william Broomhall and other streets has been laid out D ivi s ion street then extended no further than Canning street and the hou s es on the Sheffield side of this din gy little s treet were ope n to the fields In going to school at Western bank there wa s scarcely a house beyond the B ee Hive Convent walk was a pleasant country lane and on the left hand s ide was what we called the O ld O rchard being an orchard only j u s t broken up In pas sing Mrs Bayley s house now the Public Hospital we were greatly alarm e d for the house was haunt e d ; at l e a s t s o w e w e r e told .
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25 6
C O ALPI T LAN E L E O NAR D
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We learn from old Seth Cadman s diary that on the l s t J u ly 1 8 2 5 Part of Coalpit lane was brought to rise She ffield Moor I confess I don t quite know what it mea n s unle s s formerly the only exit from Coalpit lane was into Butto n lane T WI S S : The late Mr Samuel R oberts (born 1 7 6 3 died 1 8 48 ) speaks of havi n g heard Mr White fi eld preach from the top of the cask at the Sugar house W RA GG : It is worthy of note that the houses on the E cclesall side of Coalpit lane are older than those on the town side In that lane wa s Mi s s Patten who se father wa s in the cutlery trade The house is now Mr Kent s mattress s hop Up the yard were Mr Patten s workshops O n the site of the Primitive Methodist Chapel is a large b u ilding divided in to teneme n t s said to have been a farm house B elow was the old chapel built by Mr B ennet about 1 77 5 for a congregation of seceders from N ether Chapel who r e moved to Howard s treet Chapel in 1 7 9 0 A nother congrega tion of Independents removed from it in 1 8 0 3 to G arden street Chapel For eight years previous to 1 8 1 4 it had been o ccu pied by the Baptists until they re m oved to To w n h e ad street Chapel A few people who held baptismal notions among the various Independent churches separated from it and formed themselves into a distinct congregation or church an d chose one from among themselves to be the minister Mr D ownes He was said to be the most knock kneed man in the town even surpas s ing in that respect Tom m y H o t br e ad The chief man in this movement was Mr Bowman the p awn broker There i s a tablet to his memory in To w n h e ad street Chapel stating that he was mainly instrumental in the erec tion of the place I n Coalpit lane I believe the New b o u lds had been located before they went on to She ffi eld Moor and there too was Philip L aw edge to ol maker wher e his an oes tors had been about a century E dward Middleton of whom I spoke o n ce before as an amateur gardener had the Barley corn tavern here If all innkeepers had carried on their busi ness a s he did th e present conflict between teetotallers and publicans would not have existed for there would have been neither drunkards nor total abstainers He was the broth e r of John Middleton the cooper of V icar lane E VE RA RD We o ught not to rest satis fied without a fuller notice of Mr E dward B e nnet He was a sugar re finer and carried on his business at the old Sugar house at the bottom o f Coalpit lan e or Moorh e ad H e was a Christian man and :
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25 8
MR
.
E DWA RD
B ENN E T
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was laid of his sub s e quent success fortune and p osition Mr B ennet in his acts of charity w as especially kind to poor mi n isters in the neighbourhood A late friend of mine likely to be well informed i n the matter used to relate an in stance of this kind that occurred as the result of an inti mation received in a dream But while correct as to the circumsta n ces he must have been mi s taken as to the per s on for he told it of the R ev D a n iel of L oxley whereas Mr D u n k erly only became the min ister at that place in 1 8 0 2 fourteen years after Mr B en n et s death I thin k it po ssible that the recipient of Mr B en n et s bou n ty was the R ev Jo siah R hodes Independent Minister at Stanni n gton from 1 77 9 to 1 7 8 5 However to the story The g o od man in question whoever he may have bee n was poor having but a small stipend an d w as often in s traits ; but he was of a modest and withal indep endent spirit that would sile n tly su ff er much rather than c omplain or a sk for a s sista n ce He wa s at the time referred to in a special pecu n iary difficulty and did not know which way to look for deliverance but o n ly to that great source from whence he had often derived help and con solation before He therefore prayed earnestly The same night Mr Bennet dreamt that his friend was in great perplexity and distress of min d for wa n t of money Under the impression of thi s dream the next morning he sent him anonymou s ly a £ 1 0 note (I think the sum was ) which j ust came at the nick of time and at once deliv ered the good man in his hour of extremity Su s pecti n g that it mu st have come from Mr B ennet he called upon him and ascertained the fact The minister then asked how he could pos sibly k n ow of his distress a s he had not breathed a word to a single human b eing on the matter Mr B ennet an swered that he had not been told by a n ybody but that he knew it by a means which convinced him whether it might sati s fy any one else or not that G od even now is not limited a s to the mode in w hich information m ay be acquired when nece s sary for the relief of His suffering and praying people He told him that h e had dreamt in the night of the fact of hi s distress though without the particulars and in the morning had simply acte d o n the suggestion .
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Th e Re v D an i e l Du n k er ly w as s u cc e e d e d , i n 1 8 2 1 , by t h e Rev D avi d D un k erly, n o r e l ati o n , w h o m arr i e d t h e e ld e s t d au ght er o f t h e Re v J am e s M ath er , an d w h o , af t er a p as t o r at e o f 8 o r 9 y e ar s , w en t t o Can ad a, an d l at ely di e d th ere , age d 8 0 y ears .
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EN
O CH T RI C KE TT
25 9 p
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T WI S S : T here are other stories of a similar ki nd about Mr B e n n et but I am sorry to say I do not accurately r e member the details L E O NARD : There is an admirable story told of a Coalpit lane file manufacturer who was in busi n e s s here about the middle of la s t ce n tu r y in partn er s hip with his brother William — Ma s ter C u tler i n 1 7 7 1 — while yet com m u nication betwee n She ffield and L o n don was i n its i n fanc y E n och Trickett ” was a genui n e broad O ld S h e vvi e lde r His shirt s leeves rolled u p weari n g a leather apron whose bib w as up to h i s throat without n eckerchief he was not to be di s tinguished fr om his workmen Whe n the commercial spirit exte n ded it s elf in the town E noch said he would go to L un n on an d see if he co u ld s ell so m e files an d obtai n orders thinki n g he sho u ld get better price s there than in S h e fli eld He we n t into a mercha n t s warehou s e an d a s ked if they were in want of an y files producing his patter n s which they exami n ed They a s ked price s and what di s cou n t w as allowed D is cou n he s ays What s that O i ne er heard tell on it afore They explained that by making them an allowa n ce of so much per cent he would get thei r order an d upon the receipt of the good s they wo u ld remit him the money in p ay ment Way o i v e t e lle d yo t pr o i c e o n em an be lo i k e o i s t expect t b r as s for em Further explanation s o n ly r e s u lt e d in the reply Soa yo W an f en me to g i yo so much money to bu y t f o i le s The terms on which they would give him a good order were explai n ed but E n och s patie n ce was ” exhau s ted and lapping u p his files he said N ay lad nay ; oi can sell em for moor nor that at B r e e t m o o r s o n n y ” t o i m e an d tak t b r as s hoam w i m e whe n wee n li v e r ed It i s currently r eported t hat E noch never again tried h i s hand as a commercial t r av eller When u m brellas fir s t came into vogue in Sheffield E noch s brother got o n e S ee thee s e e ” thee said E n och ahr Bill has g et t en a w au k i n stick w i t i t e c o t s on p E VE R A R D : Th e father of Mr G eo r ge H adfield ex M P f o r Sheffield w as one of the fir s t to introduce the use of the u m brella into Sheffield I have heard the late Mr Samuel H adfie ld say that as boys he an d his brother were so ashamed of it that they wo u ld not walk the s ame way to chapel with h i m on rai n y S u ndays L E I GH T O N : That i s almo st as goo d as the receptio n ao corded to the fir s t pair of those new fangled garment s called trousers which found their way to the town It was re s erved .
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260
F I RS T U MB RE LLA S
THE
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for Mr Marriot t (Marriott and A tkinson ) to introduc e these garm e nts and when he revealed himself to his astoni s hed townsmen in them after a visit to L ondon he was greeted with the exclamation Why lad thou s g e t t en breeches w i chimbley poipes on em Where did s t get em The ridicule was so merciless that Mr Marriott tho u ght it pr u dent to have these garments p ut away i n a drawer until more e n lightened times dawned But one day when he was at work some of hi s frolicsome friends we n t to Mrs Marriott and by profe s s ” i n g they had her Mester s authority got po s s e s sion of the ” breeches with chimney pipe s and pawned them So when Mr Marriott wanted to pay his n ext vi s it to L ondon he found o ut the j oke that had been played him L E O NARD : There are several claiman ts to the ho n our of havin g fir s t introduced umbrellas i n to the town — M r Samuel N ewbo u ld and Mr Holy (who are said to have brought them from Ireland) and Mr Joh n G reaves merchan t of F ar g at e The re s ide n ce of Mr G reaves stoo d where Mr Proctor drap er is now — a dingy old house where he was succeeded by his son who as his epitaph i n the Parish Church has it was the la s t survivor of a numerous and respectable family The umbrella of Mr G reave s the elder i s still in exi stence ” and i s in the po s ses s ion of h i s descendant Mi s s L aw of W ester n ban k The tradition is that he bro u ght it to Shef fi eld abo u t the year 1 7 4 2 He was born about 1 7 0 8 an d died 6 t h March 1 77 9 The rib s of the umbrella are j ointed in the middle so that they an d the cover attached to them double back ; an d the upper part of the stick bei n g propor t i o n at e ly short the whole when folded i s only about 1 4 inches in length though the bulk is co n siderable The idea evidently was to con struct an umbrella that could be put into the capa cions pockets of t hose days When it had to be hoi s ted there was a j ointed stick to fit into the upper part thu s making the whole of a suitable length JO HN S O N : The writer on She ffi eld as it wa s forty years ago from whom I have previously quoted says that at that period The whole of F arg at e from O rchard s treet corner to B alm green and on the opposite side also consisted of small tumble down two story house s which must have been some of the oldest in Sheffield O ur fathers were not so particular a s to the look of their houses a s their children are My father had a good busines s in F ar g at e but on hi s marriage took a hous e in R ockingham lane a little above B utton lane ” as a s or t of count ry hous e .
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262
B A RKE R P OO L
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Th e first house erected on it s site was built in 1 7 9 3 by Mrs Hannah Potter as a public hou se with the ”— odd S ign of Well run D imple an exclamatio n of o ommen dation addressed t o a horse that distinguished it s elf on Crookes Moor racecourse JO HN S ON Forgive me for once more quoting James Wills as he n o t only describe s the old pool but narrates an i n cident of some interest L E I GHT O N
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Th e B ar k er s P o o l , n o t e d f o r n u i s an c e i n d e e d , G r e en o v er w ith v en o m , w h er e i n s ec t s did b r e e d , An d f o r m i n g a s q u ar e , w ith l ar g e g at e s i n t h e w all , W h ere t h e Re v C h arl e s W e s l e y t o s i n n e r s did c all On ce w h e n h e w as p re ac hi n g , an o ffice r b o ld ’ M arc h d u p th r o u gh hi s au di en ce , ad o rn e d w ith g o l d Mr W e s l e y p e r ce i v e d h i m w ith dr aw n s w o r d i n h an d , ’ An d O pe n d h i s w ai s t co at as h e s aw h i m s t an d, ’ B e i n g fill d by r e p e n t an c e by h e ar in g t h e w o r d I n th o s e d ay s p er s ecu ti o n , th at gi an t o f h e ll ’ S t alk d al o n g i n m ad fr o li c ; an d, s t ran g e f o r t o t e ll , P urs u e d t h e p o o r Ch r i s ti an s , ab u s e d th e m s o r e , ’ l v Re s o d th at th o s e p e o pl e s h o u ld n ev e r p r e ac h m o r e ; B u t t h e We s l e y s an d W h i t fi elds , b e i n g f r au ght w ith p ur e z No t f e ar i n g th e ir li v e s , f o r s i n n e r s di d f e e l ; An d t h e M ul b er ry s t re e t p r e achi n g h o u s e b e i n g t o o s m all , ’ ” W e s l e y s t o o d w ith h i s b ac k ag ai n s t B ar k er s P o o l w all ’
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L E O NARD
Mr Samuel R oberts gives a curious account of one of the uses to which Barker pool was p ut in his you n g ” days It was he says well walled round In the eve n t of a fire (happily a very rare one ) the water on being let o ff could be directed to mo s t p arts of the to w n A ll the channels were then in the middle of the streets which were g en e rally i n a very disorderly s tate ; manure heap s O ften lying in them for a week together About once every quarter the water was let out of B arker pool to run i n to all those s treets into which it co u ld be turned for the purpose of clean sing them The bellman ga v e notice of the exact ti m e and the favoured streets were all bustle with a row of men women an d children on each side of the channel anxiously and j oyfu lly awaiting with mops brooms an d pails the arrival of the cleansing flood whose first appearance wa s announced by a loud conti n uous s hout : all below was anxious expectatio n — all above a most amusing s cen e of bu s tling ani mation Some people were throwing the water up against their houses and windows some raking the garbage into the kennel ; some washi n g their pig s ; some sweepin g the pave ment ; youngsters throwi n g water over their co m pa n io n s or pushing them into the wide spread torrent Meanwhile a constant B abel like uproar mixed with the barking of dogs :
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S
HE FF IE L D WELL S
263
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and the grunting of pigs was h e ard both above and below till the w aters after about half an hour had become ex ,
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A s connected with the supply O f water you will also remember that Mr R oberts speaks of the supply of L E I GHT O N
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water bro u ght in pipes to a receptacle in To w n h e ad s treet from which it was the bu s ine s s of a number of men to take it in ca s ks fixed on the body of a wheelbarrow holding about ” fifty gallons to all parts of the town to sell Water Isaac was a well known member of this band of barrel men Mr R oberts mentions too a large water reservoir belo n ging to Mr M at t h ew m an over Mr Winter s candlestick factory sub sequently Mr Bardwell s auction room — for supplying the town with Crooke s Moor water WRA GG : O n the site of the houses where the Fire brigade now re s ide in B alm green the r e used to be some very old houses bearing the date of erection as in the seventeenth century In 1 6 7 1 there were the followi n g p ublic wells B u rnt tree w e ll W at er lan e well Workhouse well (the pump in W e s t b ar is n o doubt i t s modern repre s entative ) Webster well and Flint well There were also t h e troughs in Water l ane L E O NARD : We have come across other sources of water — supply in the course of our rambles B ower spring and the spring in B ailey s yard Broomhall spring and the rest It i s not so very many years si n ce s ome of the s e were still used The M er cu ry of Ja n uary 2 7 1 8 2 7 records that A ca s t iron pump h as been recently placed at the bottom of Sheffield Moor chiefly through the exe r tions of the O verseers of E ccle s all Bierlow This p u mp will b e a great accommodation to that part of the tow n they having had to procure their supply of water from an Open well which wa s often s ubj ect to nui s ance A re s ervoir h as been made con n ected with the pump capable of containing about gallo n s which will a fford a supply for the summer m o n ths At the head of the subscriptio n li s t we see the name of E arl Fitzwilliam for £ 20 and that of R owland Hodg s o n E s q for WR A GG : James L evick the dahlia grower was an i v ory merchant in Pi n s t o n e s treet He frequented C o x o n s public house and at the election of 1 8 3 6 when a Mr B ell came down as ca n didate in opposition to Mr John Parker some one there said that he would get no one to s upport him James L evick bet a guinea that he would be supported and he won the wager by supporting him himself I rememb e r se e ing him ,
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PI NS TONE
264
S T RE E T
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introduce Mr Bell to th e public from the R oyal Hotel In hi s rough and rugged way he said I beg to introduce to you ” Mr John B ell In Pi n s t o n e street re s ided the Wither s family cutlers one of whom Benj amin Withers was Ma s ter Cutler in 1 7 5 6 ; a second B enj amin Withers in 1 7 9 4 ; and a Joseph Withers in 1 8 02 I believe the warehouse in B ar ker pool was never occupied for trade p urposes and the late Mr Withers p o s itively declined to let it when applied to i n s t o n e street is the S hop of Mr Turnell L ower down in P t h e cabinet maker ; on the passage over his kitchen window is a stone containing the following T I S 1 77 It was in this street that the first Methodist chapel was built and demolished by a mob in 1 7 4 3 L E O NARD : Forty years ago there were one or two tr e es i n s t o n e street growing on the property of Mr Withers in P A passage leading from F arg at e to N ew Church street was a favourite play ground of the boys of tho se days and boa s ted the n ame of Sow Mouth I n 1 8 25 the Town Tru s tees p u rcha s ed some property in Pi n s t o n e lan e for the purpose of widening it JO HN S O N : Its present width makes us wonder what it i n s t o n e croft mu s t have been before Its old name wa s P ” lane or in the vulgate Pincher croft lane W RA GG In N ew Church street resided G odfrey Fox who has bee n previously noticed as occupying the R ein D eer now the R oyal Hotel W ai n g at e A t the corner of Cheney square resided Mr Cheney who was one of the first s urgeons to the In firmary and who lived afterward s in Portobello I think he had but one child a daughter who should have married D r E rnest but there was some scandal and the match was broken o ff This may account for the doctor spending all his life as house surgeon at the In firmary I would add that when a lad he went to some one at Shire green whose name I have forgotten to be a fork m aker L E O NAR D T he tenure of office of the modern house sur geons at the In firmary contrasts v ery strangely with D r E rnest s 4 4 year s s ervice WRA GG : D r E rnest and old Mr Tillotson who resided at B roomhall were two of the last men i n the town to have their hair powdered In o n e of the old She ffield directorie s Cheney square is always printed China sq uare It looks as if the compiler fancied Cheney was a vulgaris m for Chi n a L E I G HT O N : In F arg at e near the s hop of Mr Johnson cabinet mak e r was forty years ago a proj ecting window .
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26 6
FARGATE .
to keep people from the chapel and to form a bit of a grave gro un d It was used for burying and when the n ew church was built there wa s bother about the foundation WRA GG : Henry Howard E sq the great grandfather of the present D uke of N orfolk resided in the L ord s Ho use He appears to have acted as steward to the previous D uke L E O NARD The lion over the door of the A ssay O ffi ce in F ar g at e wa s the work of a man named Mozley who was employed by R amsay Ch an t rey s ma s ter WRA GG : The Fleur de lis opposite j ust below the corner of O rchard street was sixty years ago the residence of Mr Jennings who when he retired from business went to live at H ack en t h o rpe L E I GHT O N : It has gone through many stages since then N ot man y years ago it was a doctor s house WR A GG O n the s ite of the E xchange D rapery e s tablish ” — ment built a s somewhat ambitious commercial building s were some very old brick shop s almost as old I s hould think ” as the first brick hou s e in She ffield built at the end o f Pepper alley according to the R ev E dwin G oodwin about th e year 1 6 9 6 E VE RA RD In one of the shop s Opposite was William N adin stay maker of whom mention was made in co n nection with B ank street He was the only s tay maker of an y not e in the town In tho se days stays were made that would last a life time almost W RA GG : I n the s hop now occupied by Messrs Watson was a grocer named G reaves who engaged the bellman to cry down Yo unge an d D eakin s copper toke n s When he returned for payment Mr G reave s paid him in the same toke n he had j ust cried down so the bellman stoo d on the footpath before the door rang his bell and proclaimed aloud that Younge and D eakin s money was p aid agai n L E O NARD : A nd thus we complete another circuit and fin d ours e lves once more at the Parish Church ,
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CH A PT E R " FO RTY YE AR S
Pesen t— Me s sr s r
Pe i o d— AD r
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AG O
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WRA G G
LE I G H TO N , EVE RA RD , an d J O H N S O N
LE ON AR D
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1 874
O H N S ON
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I cannot like mo s t of you speak of s ixty years s i n ce an d upward s I only profe s s to s peak of forty years ago fro m m y o w n knowledge Forty thr ee years ago the pop u latio n of She ffi eld w as a little sho r t of in 1 8 7 1 as compa r ed with In 1 8 3 2 E n g land pr ac tically was witho u t rail r oad s there being o n ly three line s opened in all E n gland ; and She ffi eld had n o n e except her coal rail w ays for s om e year s after this ti m e We had fo u r coaches daily to L o n do n fo u r to Birmi n gha m fo u r to Man chester and fiv e to L eed s We had abo u t four an d twe n ty coaches in all fro m an d to She ffi eld daily an d s uppo s ing the s e averaged ten pa s senger s per j ourn ey there would be the a s tounding number of 2 4 0 pe r s on s leaving our old town every day " Ha n soms an d cab s we r e of cour s e n u ” k n own b u t we had hack n ey coache s at the one s ta n d at the head of High street To R othe r ham we had a v e hi c le unknown to the pre s ent ge n eratio n a kind o f car called a Waterloo the race i s q u ite extinct I belie v e we wrote a goo d many letters in tho s e day s bu t letter wr itin g w as an expen s iv e luxur y o n ly to be ind u lged i n upo n the followi n g rates z— For a place not exceedin g 1 5 mile s di s tan ce 4 d ; :
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3 0 , 6 d ; 5 0 , 7 d ; 8 0 , 8 d ; 1 20 , 9 d ; 1 7 0 , l 0 d ; 2 30 , 1 1 d ; 4 0 0 , l 3 d ; 5 00 , 1 4 d A letter co n tain i n g an e n 3 00, 1 2d closure was charged double , an d o n e exceedi n g an ounce , but wa s charged fo u r s i n gle r ate s " Th u s a n o t exceeding l i o z letter to L on do n , weighing a fr action o v er an ou n ce would b e three shilling s and fourpe n ce Witho u t rail w ay s an d p enny .
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p o s tage the bu s i n ess of to day co u ld n o t be carried o n In addition to the hackney coache s the head of the High s treet was favoured by the pre s e n ce of a row of s eco n d han d s ho e dealers stall s The s hoes they s old were called L o r d Mayor s The s hopk e epers n aturally enough obj ected to these sho e -
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268
FL Y IN G
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T A T I O N E RS
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stalls being fixed oppo s ite their shop s but they were allowed to remain there for some years after thi s time Forty year s ago there were no daily paper s in She ffield but there were four weekly N ews then if not scarce w as dear and people after buying the small sheet of news price sevenp e n ce passed it from one to a n other an d it w as a cus t o m ary thing for three or four trade s me n to j oin at a news p aper A s might b e expected at thi s high price the number of readers was comp aratively few He n ce aro se another i n s t i t u t i o n that ha s e n tirely died out — what we u sed to call crying paper s in the street s These formed a mean s of livelihood to a good many p erson s both men and women These small slip s of pap er were generally extract s from the newspapers of the town V ery often they were full true an d ” particular accounts of execution s and last dying speeches ; sometimes the calendar of York A s s iz es an d ofte n e s pe ci ally during a dearth of news mere catch pennie s made to sell I remember hearin g a fellow c r yi n g one of the s e about some wonderful appearance s in the heaven s when a whole army h ad been seen — fully accoutred — i n the s k y E v en a cricket match on the ice at L ittle L ondon when To m Mars den stoo d umpire o r some doggrel on the winn e r of the St L eger would s ometimes serve the purpo se of these wander i n g n ewsmen they were not over n ice and it was always ” all for the low charge of o n e halfpenny I remember at ” the time of what was called the R esurrection R iot in E yre street in 1 8 3 5 o n e of the s e gentry allowed his imagi n ation to run wild and informed h i s townsmen that during the riot the landlord (the lat e Samuel R oberts E sq ) was present and c r ied with a loud voice B urn and destroy B ut for this the man was committed to the ses s ion s : he had gone a little too far WR A GG : These flying s tationers generally made their appearan ce after some murder or s oon after the conclu s ion ” of some remarkable trial Their L ast D ying Speeches were lo n g narrow slip s of paper containing about half the matter of a mo dern new s paper column and the price on e halfpenny If I mistake not they were mostly printed in York street by a person named Ford ; then a rival named B urgin started up one of the Market place p a s sages Watson s walk I think Sometimes they contained wood ” cuts as was the case at Honest John s trial Tho se who kn ew him said it was a fair likene ss and it wa s certainly the be s t half p e nnyworth I ev e r s aw ,
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270
F O RTY YE ARS
AGO
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Pr e s s f o rw ar d p r es s f o rw ar d Th er e s n o thi n g t o f e ar W e w ill h av e t h e C h art e r b e it ev er s o d e ar “
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alas " o n turni n g the corn er at the bottom of D uke st r eet they caught sight of the helmets of the l s t D ragoons who were comi n g to meet the m I n s tead of pressing for ” ” ward we all pre s s ed eve ry way but that and in two min u te s not a Charti s t was to be seen The dragoo n s on t hat occa s ion we r e unde r no le s s a p erson than Sir Charle s N apier at that time Commander of the N orthern D i s trict ; and I belie v e the i n cide n t is referred to in hi s life L E I G H T O N : G oing fu rther back than you do I recollect that 1 8 0 9 or 1 8 1 0 were troublous times Flour and other nece s sarie s were very dear an d we u sed to have many riots Jacky Blacker was a leadi n g man I have seen a con s ider able mob Of people following h i m up High street He had a p e n n y loaf dipped in blood and he carried it o n a spike about the s treets I remember one riot in particular Flour was about 7 s or 7 s 6 d p er stone and the mob broke into the flour The co n sta s hop s an d distrib u ted the flour to the people bles we r e out and the s oldier s were fetched from the Barracks and there was martial law in the town Tradesmen were called out of their S hop s at night to form part of the patrol thr ough the s treet s an d the di s trict s outside the tow n I recollect my father being out in this way m an y a time I o n ce s aw the soldier s co m e from the B arrack s There was a terrible ri ot going on in the Market place the mob throwing thi n gs about when the H u ssars came up with their spears rode right u p i n to the Market place an d dispersed the people Folk s could s carcely carry on bu s i n es s in tho se days They had to s hut u p the mo m e n t the rabble were comi n g if they did not wi s h to have their wi n dows broken People have no idea n o w what s o rt of times those were to live i n T WI S S : I re m ember being fetched home from school in 1 8 1 6 when there was a riot The rioters had made a pro ce s s io n an d marched u p An gel s treet A fterwards I saw the s oldier s go by with Mr Hugh Pa r ker at their head L E O NARD My old fr iend to whom I have had to acknow ledge my i n debtedne s s for so m u ch in formatio n said to me the othe r day : I have seen several riots in She ffi eld and o n e particularly I remember A t the bottom of Spital hill wa s an old building that had bee n occupied by Jo n athan Hob son a s a warehouse and when he gave it up it wa s u sed a s a store for the V olunteers At the time I speak of there wa s a riot about dear br e ad or s om e thing of the kind I was
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RI
OTS
27 1
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in the Pickle when down came the mob to the V olunteer The doors were soon sma s hed in and the fello w s s tore p itched out guns and all sorts of things Mo s t of the mus ket s were s ma s hed b y striking them acro ss a low wall on the oppo s ite s ide of the road but a few were s houldered by the rioters an d they tried to march A s they were going up the Wicker a troop of cavalry fro m the B arracks met them and did n t they run It wa s fine to see drum s trumpets cloth ing and all sorts of military odds and e n ds tumbli n g out of the chamber windows at the store and the mob kicking them about and shouting an d yelling like mad things ; but the ” soldiers brought them to their senses very soon E VE RARD I too recollect that riot an d was also an eye witne s s o f it B eing in the Wicker at the time I saw the troop of Hus sars sweep down to the sce n e of action I t was in 1 8 12 a dreadfully distres s i ng time of bad trade an d high price s of which mention w as made when we were speakin g of the large number of abl e bodied men who were e mployed on th e new burial ground L E ONAR D : The account of the a ff air given in the I r i s is that it originated with tho se men They came down in a body it s ays and paraded the Market place for no imagi nable purpo se than to expo s e a sp ectacle of wretchednes s which sho u ld work upon the pas s io n s of the indigent m a n u ” factu r er s [ w e do not u s e the word i n that sen s e of art i z an s ” and excite i n dig n atio n agai n s t the provi s ion sellers n ow] Havin g marched up the Market these m e n set up a great leavi n g the s hout and then returned to their occupation crowd ready to commit any mischief A ccordingly they fell upon the s tores of the potato dealers scatteri n g de s troy i n g or carryi n g o ff those vegetables br eaki n g window s and doing other mi s chief The riot act had been read an d the mob seemed p a u s ing as if not k n owing what el s e to do when a voice shouted A ll in a mind for the store room in an d there they we n t with the result that has the Wicker been described E VE RAR D A little later than that perio d another flour riot took place ; when I saw the rioters armed w ith thick mar ch up B r oad lane headed by John s tick s an d bl u dgeon s Blackwell a li as Jackey B lacker with a drawn sword in his han d a pe n ny loaf dipp ed in blood stuck o n its poi n t and with a large placa r d borne be s ide him with the i n sc r iption Bread or B lood Thi s man was a tailor of very dis solute ” habits and the acknowledged king of the gall e ry at ‘
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2 72
CH ART I S T
THE
C O N SPIRA CY O F 1 8 40
:
the T heatre For this exploit he was tried an d incarcerated i n York Castle eventually he ended his days in the Sheffield Workhou s e L E O NARD : This talk about the riots and Mr John son s refere n ce to the Charti s ts remind me of a very i n teresting ao cou n t that was prepared nine years ago by Mr John T aylor It was reprinted from the newspaper in the form of a little pa m phlet ; but as po s s ibly no n e of you have copie s except our frie n d Twi s s and as conver s ation is not very bri s k this evenin g suppose I read it E VE RA RD By all means L E O NARD (reads ) : The Charti s t conspiracy which culmi n at e d in the audaciou s attempt in January 1 8 40 to give the town over to pillage a n archy an d fir e is an event of which most of u s have some recollectio n The number of the con s pi rat o r s and their dupes has n ever been accurately as o er t ai n e d but probably amou n ted to several h u ndreds exclusive of the much larger body of the moral force Chartist s who shrank from the wild extremes of their hot headed leaders an d al s o exclu s i v e of the armed contingent s expected from R otherham E cki n gto n and other places The programme o f the Chartists and the arra n gements made for carryin g it out are matters of hi s tory Taking a hint from the We s leyan s the Chartist s met in classes at the houses of their re s pectiv e leader s scattered over the town They had a general assembly room in Figtree la n e an d a secret council roo m at a public house at the top of L ambert s treet G uns cartr idge s daggers pikes hand gren ades and cats were pro vided i n co n s iderable quantities by the leaders and mem bers of the council ; and the equipment of the con spirator s w as to be completed by pillaging the gun shops of th e town w he n the proper tim e came The cats were small spiked impleme n ts to scatter in the s treet s for the purpo se of laming the cav alry hor s es bei n g so made that however thrown on the grou n d one s pike poi n ted upwards The co n spirator s were to m eet i n their class rooms on the night of the risin g pro e s ed the n ce under the command of thei r leaders to a few gene r al meetin g places in the outskirts of the town and then move i n bodie s to execute their atrocious design s Some of the m ore da r i n g clas s es were deputed to take po sse s s ion of the Town Hall and the To n ti n e which were to be the head q u arter s ; other s were detailed to fir e the B arracks as soon as the military had been called out and to burn other obnoxious places in the town The r e st were to fire th e houses of th e .
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2 74
CHAR T I S T C
TH E
O N S P I R A CY O F
1 8 40
:
in conj unction with the mor e e xtensive organisation having its h e a d quarters at She ffield ; and that the director s of the whole movement in order to avoid the suspicion that would be likely to arise from too frequent meeti n gs at She ffield occa s ionally came down to R otherham and held their secret councils at his house He adde d that they had begun to de spair of p eaceable measure s ; and that though he and others strenuou s ly opposed all re s ort to Violence the whole tenden cy of their deliberation s was towards a determined phy s ical force movement A s yet the con s piracy wa s a mere un s haped de It gradually ripened however into a definite plot s ign against life and prop erty as well a s against law an d order The results of the repeated conference s were regularly r s porte d to Mr B land by A llen and the conspiracy no sooner assumed a distinct s hape than Mr Bland took Allen s report of it in writing With A llen s con s ent he communicated it personally to the present E arl of E ffin gh am then L ord Howard re s ident at the time at B arbot Hall near R other ham and a We s t R iding magistrate O n the advice of his L ordship Mr Bland and Mr O xley the magistrate s clerk privately vi s ited Mr H u gh Parker then the leading She ffi eld magistrate and read the state m ent to him The s tatement was to the e ff ect that delegate s from H u dder s field and other place s had met those of She ffield an d R otherham at A llen s house that they had finally re s olved to carry the charter by violence that the delegates from a distance had guaranteed the as s istan ce of their respective districts to She ffield ; that the Tontine and Town Hall at She ffi eld were fir s t to b e seized as head quarters and that the town it self was to be taken po s ses s ion of as a s tep to ulterior mea s ures The houses and places of business of obnoxious persons were to be sacked an d burnt no atrocity being thought too great that could pave the way for the charter The story wa s laughed at and pooh poohed by Mr Parker and the S h e fli e ld au t h o ri ties who refused to believe that any scheme so wild and atro c i o u s could possibly be e n tertai n ed Still the Charti s t s held their sworn council s day by day chiefly in Figtree lane and L ambert street Sheffi eld A llen s moderation having excited their s uspicion of him they met less freque n tly at his house and took him less into their secrets He was however sufficiently acquainted with their designs to know that a force was to be mustered at R otherham as well as at She ffield an d that that force was to strike their first blow by seizi n g the Court House and th e n s acking th e residenc e of Mr Henry ,
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H ow I T WAS
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O VE RE D
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Walker at Clifton and L ord Howard at Barbot Hall When thi n g s h ad reached thi s pa s s Mr Bland urged A llen again and agai n to a s certain where the ammunition and arm s were collected for the fi n al upri s in g A ll A llen s e ff orts to do this howe v er were vai n ; he o n ly knew that there were to be a nu m ber of s u ch de pOt s and that the Charti s ts when they ro s e were to be plentifu lly a r med with cats to protect the m from the caval r y The ti m e for the execution of the plot was e vidently drawin g near but A llen w as still kept ig n ora n t of tho s e details upon which alone the police co u ld act in a n ticipation of t h e ri s i n g It becam e clear that A llen mu s t either go the whole hog as a Charti s t or break down as an i n formant ; and Mr Bland who s e duty was plain — to fathom an d fru s trate the conspiracy at any co s t — urged that a m an co u ld n o t possibly play the t r aitor in a better cause than i n the fr u s t r ation of s o hopele s s and atrociou s a de s ign A lle n at le n gth s tru n g him s elf up to the emergency an d it w as a r r anged that he s hould go to the n ext council declare hi m self a convert to the ab s olute nece s s ity of the phy s ical fo r ce m ovement an d offer to be ready at any tim e with 1 5 0 m e n u po n a day or two day s notice This bold cour s e r e e s tabli s hed A lle n i n the con fide n ce of the cou n cil It wa s abo u t the beginni n g of Ja n u ary 1 8 40 On the Wed n e s day Thu r s day an d F r iday eveni n g s of the s ame week A llen atte n ded s worn co u n cil s O n the Friday evening January the l 0 t h he reported that the cri s i s w as t o come on the fol l o wi n g n ight b u t that the Cou n cil of delegates we r e to meet at She ffi eld at three o clock on the Sat u rday to determine the preci s e ho u r of the ri s i n g and the s everal re n dezvou s from which the va riou s ba n d s of in s u rge n t s w ere to s tart on their e r ran d s of death and de s tructio n The infor m ation mo st de s ired by Mr Blan d all thi s time was the n a m e s of the lead i n g co n s pirato r s their m eeti n g place s and their arms and a m m u n itio n s tore s A llen left R otherha m at o n e O clock on Sat u rday to atte n d the final co u ncil m eeting —the u n der sta n di n g with M r Bla n d bei n g that he was to return as q u ickly as p r acticable to R otherham after the meetin g with the detail s which were s o m uch lon ged for and by the po s ses s io n of which alo n e the ri s i n g co u ld be s topped before m i s chief w as do n e L ord Howard reached R otherham at three o clock r emain i n g with M r Bland i n readines s to act u pon a mome n t s notice Anxiou s ly they waited hour after hou r u n til pa s t seve n o clock an d began to be terribly afraid that Allen s pluck had failed him at th e last p ush B etw e en s e v e n ,
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O N SP I RA CY O F
1 8 40
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and eight O clock however he arrived almost breathless with haste and tremblin g with fear NO wonder A llen w as terrified ; the ferociou s character of the plot gave him little rea s on to hop e for mercy at the han ds of his old friends if it we r e dis covered that he was the betrayer He must n ever again show his head in this part of the country for his life would not have been worth an hour s purchase Faithless to his wretched comrades Allen was true to the active and ener getic o fli c e r who had so cleverly turn ed him i n to an i n s t ru ment for the fr ustration of the con s piracy He had brought all the required info r mation The classes were to meet at their leaders houses at ten o clock on S aturday night were to carefully arm themselves were to repair to three or four s pe ci fie d po i n t s an d march thence to their appointed work each class detailing a few of its number to empty the gun For a few moment s s hop s i n order to arm their comrades the recipien t s of this i n formation anxiously debated the ques tion What i s to be done E vide n tly the great risi n g was to be at She ffi eld Its authorities had bee n arou sed from their dream of i n cred u lity by the further information which had been communicated to them from R otherham after their rej ection of the fir s t statement and by the evident s tir and excitement amo n g the Charti s t s B ut they were still in a great mea s ure ignorant when and h o w the rising wa s to be e ffected ; and it w as of the mo st vital co n sequence that the intended ri s in g s hould be fru s trated before it had been made not becau se there was the least chance of it s ultimately suc c e e di n g but because a te m porary an d partial s ucce s s must n ecessarily be attended with the most dreadful results The R otherham police were n o t charged with the safety of Shef fi eld but the conspirators were o n e body and their success in the g r eater mu s t have been da n gerou s to the le s ser town The plot w as discovered and for h u m anity s sake if for no other reaso n She ffi eld mu s t be made aware of the extent and nearness of its dan ger and the means of preventing it So rea s oned L ord Howa r d an d m a n fully determin ed to b e hi m self the me s s enger o f mercy Pr ovided with a copy of the particulars of A lle n s i n form ation he mou n ted his horse an d galloped at full speed to She ffield leavin g Mr Blan d to take all necessary precautio n s to fr ustrate the R otherham contin gents which we r e to ar m at the gun shop s an d assemble near Brightside at twelve o clock u nder t h e co m m an d of A llen or in his absence of such other leader as they might choose His L ordship reached She ffield towards ten o clock and found ,
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2 78
PE T E R
FOD E N
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alarmed that L ord Howard yielding to her natural fears bound Mr Bland and h i s officers beforehand in a solemn promise to conceal the part he and they might take in the matter i n order to a v oid the vengea n ce Of the Chartis t s G alli n g as must h ave been the knowledge that others were reaping the ho n ours an d rewards due to them Mr B land and h i s subordinate s religiou s ly kept their p r omi s e u n til L ord Howard had left the n eighbo u rhood and Charti s m had died Sh efli e ld officials in po s itio n s of the highe s t t r u s t knew o ut that there w as some s ecret about the di s cove ry but co u ld never fathom it It was not until the resignation of Mr R ayn or that the least hi n t wa s publicly give n that it w as to Mr Bland She ffield was so much indebted i n JO H N S O N : There is o n e little i n accuracy there — the refe rence to Peter F o de n being capt u r ed with the re s t He had been apprehe n ded in the early part of Au g u st f o r taki n g part in riotous meeti n gs and proce s s io n s and he did n o t obtai n bail until the 3 r d Septembe r when E be n ezer E lliott the corn law rhymer an d Mr W o s t en h o lm file ma n ufact u rer D u n fie lds were his suretie s For a while he kept aloof from the meeting s b u t he w as at la s t prevailed u po n to attend and although he took n o active part in speaking yet he w as believed to be i n the s ec r et s of the phy s ical force party Pete r Fode n w as not see n in the proceedings co n n ected with the collap s e of the conspiracy b u t h e wa s s u s pected of bei n g con n ected i n them and a war rant was i s s ued for his appre h en s i o n He concealed himself i n the tow n for s o m e ti m e and at last went into Wales an d stayed a s lo n g as po s s ible in variou s tow n s He did not s urrender at the Spri n g A s s izes at which he was indicted for co n spi r acy seditio n and riot and the recognisan ce s of his s u r etie s were forfeited A t la s t tired of dwelling in fear of arre s t an d e n couraged by the collap s e of the Charti s t move m ent he ventured to come to Sheffield an d i n order to see if the authoritie s would notice him he took some commodities of his own m aking an d hawked them in various public ho u s es A good livin g he would have earned had he not been arrested i n D ece m ber 1 8 4 0 at Paul A shley s in Watson s walk He was t ried at York and ha v ing been advise d to plead guilty by his cou n sel he was committed to Wake field for two years He had already been in prison three months which was taken i n to consideration He served one year and nine months after his con vi ction He a ff ected an o dd demeanour in prison but ultimately b e ing made s choolmaster h e attain e d mor e ,
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OF
TH E E ND
CHA RT I S T S
THE
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lib e rty and had books to read A t one time he wanted to writ e a detailed account of his proceedings to his family and h e secreted bits of paper and a p en but how to obtain in k to write was a matter of di fficulty So at last he hit upo n the s ingular plan of writing with his o w n blood and concealed the document in the neck handkerchief of a discharged prisoner O ne of his children of the name o f F e arg u s O C o n n o r died while his father was i n gaol F o den released from pri s on went to S t aleybri dg e where he co m menced busine s s an d got on well ; but he could not settle and removed to D onca s ter Then he sold all o ff and went to St L oui s in A me r ica an d died a few year s ago The citize n s made a p u blic fun eral and presented his wife with a fr am ed docu m ent setting forth the respect they had for him an d h i s family JO HNS O N : The sente n ces those m e n received seem to m e to have bee n light when the magnit u de of their c r im e is con — id r e s e d Holbe r ry four year s impri s onment ; Tho s B ooker three years ; Wm B ooker an d others two year s ; others again one year ; and a large part of these sentence s was re .
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WRA GG : H o lb erry s was practically impri s onment fo r life since he died i n York Ca s tle i n 1 8 42 before his s entence had expir ed His b ody was brought to She ffi eld for inter ment an d the fu n eral o n the 2 7 t h of June in that year was the excuse for a great demon s tratio n A nother of these men John Clayton al s o died in gaol i n 1 8 4 1 but he was buried at N orthallerton T WI S S : We might have me n tio n ed two of the s e people whe n we were speaki n g of the Har t s head for Peter F o den an d J u lia n Ha r ney were re s ide n t s of that cla s s ic neighbour hood Harn ey after he had along w ith R ichar d O tley e s cap ed puni s hment o n a charge of co n s piracy went to A merica E V E R A RD : We have bee n talki n g of riot s an d no men tio n can be made of such disturbances in She ffield without recallin g that famou s N orfolk s treet outbreak which was lamentable thro u gh two of the crowd b eing killed but mo s t memorable through it s being the cau s e of Montgomery s second incarceration in York Castle It occurred on the 4 t h of A ugust 1 7 9 5 and the events of that day are matter of local hi s tory L E O NARD : The mildness and indirectness of Montgomery s reference s to C 0 1 At h o rpe s doing s on that day show that his persecution was a piece of political ho s tility How Math e r ” B eef head e d B ob , s cathed the colonel nick naming him ’
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28 0
V O L U N TEE RS
S HE FF I E L D
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while he satirised the volunteers who took part i n the a ffair as R uddle n eck d tup s L E I GHT O N Tho s e first volu n teers were u n popula r before that becau s e they were neces s arily ob n oxious to the pr e v a lent Jacobinical opinion s of the ma s s e s ; but the affair of that day greatly increa s ed their u n pop u larity L E O NARD : My no n oge n arian fr ie n d s ays he reme m ber s these B lues He saw them goi n g as f ar as B o le h i ll to meet their gu n s and they had a s o r t of fie ld day at N o r ton They were fin e fellows with thei r blue coat s red faci n g s white waistcoats an d black leggi n g s Mr At h o r pe w as colo n el an d Mr Fento n lieute n ant colo n el or maj or Mr Carver a woolle n draper i n High s treet a tall ha n d s o m e m an was one of the captains an d D r F r ith in Norfolk row was the surgeon T WI S S : Here i s an account of the old She ffi eld V o lu n teers dr awn up by an o fficer i n the co rp s In the year 1 7 9 4 the She ffield V olu n teer corps w as in s ti t u t e d u n der the title of the L oyal I n depe n dent She ffield V olunteer s When fir s t begun upward s of 1 5 0 i n dividuals o ff ered to furni s h them s el v es with arm s accoutreme n t s and clothing The fu r ni s hi n g of arms was obj ected to and G over n m e n t agreed to fin d arms and accoutrement s and a certai n n u m ber of days pay with ammunitio n for the service of the regiment A sub s c r iptio n was e n tered into by some of the town s ge n tleme n to fu rn ish clothing for tho s e to whom it was inconvenie n t to find the whole of their o w n By thi s mean s the number wa s i n crea s ed to about 5 0 0 I n 1 7 9 5 the lady of Thomas Walker E sq of R otherham made an o ff er but they were too u n O f two iron gu n s to the V olunteers She then propo s ed prese n ting the w i e ldly for fi eld s ervice corps with the amount equal to their val u e and two bras s S i x pounder field piece s were ordered from Woolwich and the extra expense was p aid out of the regimental s tock pur s e This corp s under the man agement of A dj utant R atcli ffe Captain G oodison D rum Maj or Pott s (s trict disciplinaria n s ) and a few town s gentlemen who h ad served a s volun teer s i n the A merican war acquired a character for discipli n e goo d conduct and soldier like appearance which did credit to the to w n they belonged to and it w as generally allowed they were equal to any of this description of military This corps was originally instituted in the month of A pril 1 7 9 4 for the defence of the town and neighbourhood of Shef field during a time of the gr e atest di fficulty an d danger It ’
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28 2
L O YAL IN DEPE N DE N T
V
O LUN T EERS
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commissioned o ffi cer who kn ew as he s ay s this aff air w as all a ho ax and regardless of the orders of his commanding officer took the opportunity of a walk to B aslow a fis h i n g The conduct of the regiment on this occasion needs no comment O n the 2 6 t h they again marched to D oncaster for fi fteen days permanent duty O n the 1 5 t h of O ctober bein g the day fixed nearly the whole of the regiment transferred their service s to local Militia under nearly the same regula tions a s the R egular Militia The la s t permanent duty p er fo rmed by this regime n t was at Wake field i n A ugust 1 8 1 3 I n A pril 1 8 1 6 the whole of the local Militia wa s suspen ded the o fficers retaining their commissions that in the event of their being again wanted they might hold their rank and seniorit y accordingly The following is a list o f the officers of that perio d Tho se marked belonged to the V olunt e er s of 1 7 9 4 ,
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L i e u t en an t Co l o n e l Co mm an d an t F F en t o n S econ d L i eu t en an t C o l o n e l Th o m as L e ad er -
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M aj o r J o h n S h o re A dj u t an t W W Dar li n g Q u ar t er M as t er S am l T o m pk in S ur g e o n J o h n S t ern d al e C ap t ai n T N ew b o u ld T A W ar d C P i ck s lay J B ro wn J Wh eat
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J Bl ak e L i eu t en an t J H all T B r ad bu ry J Dr abbl e J Y e o m an s T B J ack s o n E n s ig n S Yo u n g J Bi n n e y .
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The following inscription i s engraved on o n e of th e field p reces : This piece of artillery with another of equal calibre was purchased in 1 7 9 5 for the use of the regiment of Shef field L oyal In dependent V o lunteers i n defence of their country then di s tu r bed by internal commotions and threatened with foreign invasion an d through a long and p erilous perio d pa s sed u n der the successive command of L ieutenant Colo n el R A At h o rpe Colonel R ichard E arl of E ffi n gh am and L ie u tena n t Colonel Francis Fenton by the latter of whom an d the surviving office r s and privates in a time of profound peace after firing a royal salute i n honour of the coronation of Ki n g G eorge the Fourth on the 1 9 th day of July 1 8 2 1 they we r e transferred to the Tru s tees of the estate s of t h e town of Sheffield and to their successors for ever G od save the King Trustees of the town at the time being R obert Turner col lector John Shore Peter Brownell John G reave s R owland Hodgson F rancis F e nton B e nj amin With e rs Jun Samuel ,
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TH E
O LD
VO L U N T EE RS
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Stan iforth Tho s As li n e Ward V incent Hy E yre Samuel Mitchell L E I G H T O N : When the V olunteers marched northwards in 1 8 0 5 the well known D r Browne o n the fal s e alar m acco m pan ied them as far as Attercliffe Common where he took leave of them i n a speech i n which he made the some what left handed pro m ise to be a hu s band to their wives and a fa t her to their childre n du r ing their absence O ne of the V olu n teers whose n ame was C arn elly used to tell how S plen di dly the m en were regaled on the road being called brave ” ” fellows and the pillars of the n atio n When they re turned they expected to be treated in a s imilar manner ; but with the alarm had va n i s hed the enthu s iasm an d they met w ith but a cool receptio n On remo n strance bei n g made and a remin der given that they ha d been called pillars of the ” nation the rej oi n der was Yes cater pillars L E O NAR D I recently had in my hands the original parch m ent documents relating to the e n rolme n t of the V olu n teers of 1 8 0 3 It i s an intere s ting collection of the a u tographs o f — o ur gra n dfather s o f such of them as co uld write at lea s t f o r there are not wanti n g i n stances where a cross had to take the place of a sig n ature .
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CH A PT E R
" II
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M R W ILLIAM S WI FT .
s ho u s e Th e chair u sually occupied by M r Twi s s s tan ds at i t s c u s to m ary c o rn er —em pty Th e o th er frie n ds ar e i n their accu s to m ed pla ces
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Perio d — Th e
l 6th
of
D ecember , 1 8 7 4
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E ONARD
q l o f t o day u n s o ld ers all g o o dli e s t f e ll o w s hip o f o ld w o r ld l o r e ” W h ere o f thi s t o w n h o ld s r ec o r d L E I GHT O N (pointing to the empty chair ) Th er e s at t h e s h ad o w f e ar d o f m an W h o b r o k e o u r f ai r c o m p an i o n s hip An d s p r e ad h i s m an tl e d ark an d co ld Th e Th e
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E VE RARD
th at li ve m u s t di e ” P as s in g th rou gh n at ur e t o e t ern ity Ti s
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L E I G HT O N EVE RAR D
Ay, S i r ,
it
is
co mm o n
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Therefore instead of further lamentation s on our fr iend s departure let u s t ake up the moral of hi s life and hop e that we may be a s honestly mourned :
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Th e m an w e c e l eb r at e m u s t fi n d a An d w e th at w o r s hip h i m , ig n o bl e
t o mb g rav e s ,
” .
Who can tell the story L E O NARD Mr William Swift died on Thursday evening D ecember 1 0 1 8 7 4 at A sh Cottage near Staveley where a few weeks before he retired from his usual residence in St James street for the bene fit of change of air He had all but co m pleted his 5 6 t h year ; having been born on the 1 3 th D ecember i n 1 8 1 8 Mr S w ift was a remarkable man whose avocation in life as assi s tant distri butor of stamp s con veys n o idea of the esteem in which he was held or the ex tent o f his erudition a s a genealogi s t and topographer B orn in a modest cottage near Che s terfield of humble but respect able p arents he succeeded by hi s own perseverance in amassin g a s tor e of information in his own special field of .
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28 6
MR
WILLIAM
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S
WI FT
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spade a s pade but turned a cutler a grind e r or something humbler into a gentleman D uring the thirty eight years he lived in She ffi eld he had been carefully accumulating fact upon fact and there is probably not a family in the town save the mo s t recent i m portatio n s of whom he had not a more or less complete account He w as the O ld Mort ality o f She ffield and carefully copied the gravestones in the church and chap el yards The parish register s were more familiar to him than to the pari s h clerk He knew the genealogical value of wills and deeds and had made himself master of those old handwritings under which o ur forefathers have shrouded so much valuable information N ot having enj oyed the advantage of a clas s ical educatio n he yet so far ma stered the difficulties of L atin and N orman French as to be able to translate intelligibly such medi aeval docume n ts as w e re co u ched in those languages ; and of late years so vast wa s the fun d of information which he posses sed that he wa s able at once to appreciate the value of new fact s that might come u n der his notice and to see meaning s in entries and items that to an ordinary ob server appeared to have no special S ignifica n ce For years pa s t he has been the oracle to which all i n quirers into She ffield hi s tory re s orted The antiquarian st u de n t per the law e t u ally made use of h i s kindly ad v ice an d cou n sel p ye r s flocked to him regularly when any que s tio n aro s e affect ing family history and to one and all he was alike ready to tell what he knew and i n retur n to accept any crumb s of information his visitors might be able to impart I n thi s way his s tore of facts grew Person s who had lear n ed the value of his i n formation were glad to be able to o ffer him some r e turn in kind when anythi n g came u n der their notice H i s fame as a collector of information spread and fr om far an d near matters found their way i n to h i s hand s that would not have been entrusted to one le s s di s creet He was scrupulous in preserving an d returning eve rything that wa s lent to him an d exercised a marvellous reticence in dealing with subj ects that might ha v e given pain to fa m ilie s or i n div iduals He n ever spoke unki n dly an d though his mind was the deposi tory of more family secrets than that of any man in She ffield we never heard of an instance where an unfair or unkind use had been made of what he knew L ike many great co lle c tors o f information Mr Swift seemed to lack the aptitude for collating arranging and editi n g his materials He shrank from the task of compositio n fancying very mista kenly, that he could not compos e ; and yet w e have had i n ,
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MR
WILLIAM
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IFT
SW
87
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our hands fragments of his that would hav e been no discredit to so lucid an d intere sting a writer a s the late Joseph Hu n te r ” O u r own columns [it i s the I n dep en den t from which I am quoting ] hav e not unfrequently contained mo st valuable scrap s from his p en ; but he would more fr equently giv e his informatio n verbally and leave other s to clothe it in set words Under the signature St he sometimes con tributed to N o t es S eve r al papers of his have appeared in the an d Q u er i es R e li q u ar y an d he has al s o enriched the Che s te r fi eld n ews p ap ers from the s tore s of his D e r byshire lore b u t we never heard of h i s publishing a book n o r e v er knew a man more capable of doi n g so I n con n ection with the i n quirie s ar i s in g out of the bequ e s t to the town of the property of the late Samuel B ailey Mr Swift rendered great s ervice and th e R ev D r G atty i n his preface to the n e w edition of Hunter s Hallam s hire thu s acknowledge s h i s obligatio n s : The ser vices o f Mr William Swift well kn own for h i s genealogical exp erie n ce and accu r acy as well as for his acc u m u s tudies lated stores of information relati n g to the various properties of the neighbourhood have bee n e specially great thr oughout the latter part of the work and de serve m y war m e s t appre He h as extended the p edigrees with a careful ha n d c i at i o n an d by an Old deed or memorandum has often co n t r ib u ted what the antiquarian will value A mo n g h i s frie n ds might b e mentioned every name of note in S h e fli e ld b u t it i s eno u gh to say that h e w as o n intim ate terms with Joseph Hu n ter Jame s Montgomery John Holland S amuel Mitchell and He n ry Jackson without p artic u la r i s in g tho s e who have lived to feel his los s When the late Sa m uel Mitchell s pap er s had to be arranged for the Briti s h Museum Mr S w ift was selected to perform the ta s k and very ably he discharged it He had a pure an d si m ple mind inexpe n sive ta s te s an d habits and if there wa s a thing he erred in it was i n taki n g too little care of his own h ealth At on e time he paid s ome attention to a garden at Steel Ba n k with a View to obtain out door ex c r o ise an d recreatio n ; but of late that h as been much neg lec t e d and sometimes for a week together he ne v er left St James s street O n the occa s ion of the fu n eral of Mr John Holland now nearly two years ago Mr Swift took a S evere cold which clung to him for many mo n th s ; an d over a year ago he su ff ered gr eatly from a carbuncle on the leg D uri n g the past twelve month s he has n o t looked well and many time s have friends given him goo d advice in vain He seemed unequal to the e ff ort of tearing himself away from his favourit e .
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288
MR
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WILLIAM
S WI FT
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hom e and occupations A short Visit to the sea side in the e arly autumn did but little to restore tone to his system and for two month s or more he has been unable to attend to bu s iness though up to the last few days of his life h i s mind retained all its clear n ess A few weeks ago in the hop e o f derivi n g bene fit from change of air h e went on a vi s it to friends in his native di s trict of Staveley but nature was too far exhau s ted to revive and he there gradually grew wor s e and passed away leaving many sincere fr iends to mourn him an d not a single ene m y to throw obloq u y on h i s memory His wife who has been the attached companion of his life and two sons survive and in their bereavement it may b e some small con solation to know how universally the decea s ed hu s band and father was e s teemed S ome time ago Mr Swift purchased for him self a family b u rial place in the n ew Cemetery at N orton within the confines of that county of D erby he loved ” s o well E VE RAR D : L et me read to you also what D r G atty says o f our late friend I cannot allow Mr Swift to pass away from us without expressi n g my personal regret for his depar ture and my conviction al s o that She ffield has lo s t in him one of its most u s efu l tho u gh lea s t s elf as serti n g citizen s S O far as my opi n io n h as any v alue I am certai n ly entitled to speak of him for circumsta n ces threw me i n to fr equen t com m unication with him something so an d there w as genuin e an d tr u th fu l in h i s character that acquainta n ce soon ripened into fr iendly regard D uri n g the fo u r years that my lei s ure time w as occupied in e n la r gi n g Mr H u nter s Hi s tory of Hallam s hir e m y interco ur s e with Mr Swift was fr equent and i n timate I had kn own him long before and regarded him as a curio s ity ; an d I fou n d him a trea s u re when I needed hi s help I applied to th r ee other gentlemen f o r co operation with whom I w as al s o acquai n ted— M r He n ry Jack s on Mr Samuel Mitchell and Mr Joh n Holla n d— b u t was too late for death removed the t w o former before they could render s ub s tantial aid an d the several sheets written by good kind John Holland were not of the slightest use to me ; and I only name this becau se the contrary has been a ssumed in his recent bio g raphy Mr Swift on the other hand wa s a true and worthy di s ciple of Hu n ter He cared and knew I believe little of the present while he loved and lived in the past R emarkably sensitive and fearful of giving o ff ence he seemed scarcely to like even to talk of the living but of their anc e stry h e oft e n kn e w mor e than they th e m -
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CH APT E R S ELF
-
M ADE
M EN
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—TH E RE V
"
III
.
D A NIE L C H APMAN
.
H E NRY P I C KF O RD
AND
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H E account given in Chapter V I (p of the R ev He n ry Mellon who worked his way up from the Boy s Charity School and became a clergyman of the Chu rch of E ngland o u ght not to s tand alone for two other pro m ine n t — example s of s elf made men call for n otice The R ev D a n iel Chapma n and He n ry Pickford the learned gri n der The followin g accou n ts are compiled from the stateme n t s of three di ff erent writer s D a n iel Chap m an s birth take s us back seventy fiv e year s to the old She ffield of 1 7 99 He could not have bee n born with a silver spoon in his mouth for at 1 4 years of age you co u ld any day see him with han ds and face a s black as a tinker s at the stove grate ma n ufactory R o scoe place B u t altho u gh spendi n g twelve hours every day at his e m pl o yment he found a little spare time for the p ur s uit of knowledge which mu s t have been in tho se day s an d in tho s e circumsta n ces of o b s c u rity a pursuit under great di fficulties He obtai n ed a little private instruction two eve n ings a week and w as soon pro n o u n ce d by his teacher one of the be s t grammarian s in Having laid this goo d foundation we find him S h e fli eld in an evening after the day s work is do n e at one time with a R ev Mr Whiteley a U n itarian minister ; the n with a R ev Mr Harriso n and s ub sequently with R ev Thomas S mith one of the Professors of R otherham Independent College Trade becoming very depressed his father i n law (through whose self denying kind n es s he had been as s isted to the needful funds ) said Thou must child stop awhile and then begin again thou knows R ome was not built in a day ” True father i epli e d the boy ; but they always kept on building until it was finished O ne eveni n g a gentleman was delivering a lecture in the A ssembly R oom N orfolk street and gave at the clo se an invi t ation for que s tion s D aniel Chapman who was behind the audience in ve ry hum ble attire solicited the lecturer s opinion on a subj ect to which he had not referred The lecturer stated that it b e .
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THE REV
D
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ANIE L
CH AP MAN
291
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longed to on e of the mo st ab struse m ysterie s of astronomy and as he was unable to throw any light on it requ e sted t h e youth to give the audience the bene fit of his own thought s These he clearly explained in a way which convinced his hearers that he was more than superficially conversant with the subj ect The late James Montgomery the po e t wa s pre sent on the occasion and havi ng s ought out the ob scure youth there commenced a friend s hip which only terminated with death D aniel Chapman had arrived at the age of 20 when he m et i n cla s s with the Wesleyan community The R ev James E verett was at that time stationed i n Sh efli eld and met for the quarterly renewal of tickets the class of which Mr Chapman w as a member This was on a week evening and earlier than the usual time s o that the minister could do double duty the same evening D aniel was therefore obliged to appear in his work ing dress an d face and hands bearing evidence of the nature of his employment On being questioned in the usual way he related his experience in language so much superior to what his apparent co n dition j u s ti fied that the preacher s godly j ealo u s y was awake n ed and he mingled caution again s t vanity and s elf conceit with his counsels and especially again s t indulgence in these u n der s u ch circumstances O n the following day D aniel sent Mr E verett a scholarly letter Mr E v erett s surpri s e may be easily conj ectured He promptly waited upo n Mr Chapman and mutual explan ation s and a good u n derstandi n g ever afterwards resulted A bout this time we fin d that the R ev Thomas Smith had introduced Mr Chapman to D r B ennett p r ofe s sor of theology in the R otherham College That w as an important link in the chai n of events which led to his bei n g sent to the E dinburgh Univer s ity O n o n e fro sty morning abo u t nine o clock D aniel k nocked at the back door of the R otherham College The s ervant ob servi n g h i s hum ble habiliments a n nounced him as an Iri s h lad wanting to Mrs B ennett came to k n ow the lad s s p eak to her master bu s ines s supposing he w as a s ki n g charity The reply was characteristic — Plea s e Madam be so kind as to pre s e n t this note (R ev Thomas Smith s ) to Mr B ennett The r e sult of that interview wa s that D r B ennett made Mr Chap man an offer to become private tutor to hi s children A s however the pulpit was the goal of Mr Chapman s ambition the o ff er was declined and a committee of clergymen Inde pendent ministers and laymen (upon which Mr Montgomery w as v e ry active ) agreed that he should go to E dinburgh and ,
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2 92
S E L F - MA DE M E N
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so b e left at perfect liberty to shape out his after course In the University he rose to a fir s t class position and carried o ff the prize s both in natural and moral philosophy and also in G reek O n leaving the University he became a We s leyan minister of good note H i s di s courses were fu ll of vigour and originality He wa s emphatically an i n dep en de n t thinker It i s reported that he w as take n p ublicly to ta s k by o n e of his seniors at the Conference for the exuberance of h i s beard Mr Chapman s reply to the inqui s ition w as a clear proof that they were dealin g with a tr u e Sheffield blade If the grow ing o f my beard maketh my weak brother to o ffe n d let him ” take a pair of scissors an d c u t it o ff His u n ifo r m ki n d n e s s was a r u ling trait of character : few ho u ses that he v i s ited but in them he was regarded with almo s t enthu s ia s tic aff e c tion N or wa s his kind n e s s ci r c u m s cribed by the li m it of h i s acq u aintances A n incident that o cc u rred i n the street s i s but one of many that might be mentio n ed He overtook an aged woman who Obtained her livi n g by the selli n g of apple s Her too heavily laden ba s kets and their co n tent s were by a S imple accident upset ; immediately stepping off the pave ment he a s si s ted with the u tmost alacrity in collectin g the scattered fr uit ; n o r was the old woman more delighted than he in seei n g the apple s re s tored to their proper place He was not a little remarkable for the singularity of hi s ap H i s clothes hu n g loo sely about his person as if pe arance they were made for a much larger man His white cravat w as folded in a roll an d tie so loosely as to re st o n his bo s om expo sing the whole of the throat His hat sloped backward s at a very unusual angle His warm cloak always wor n ex cept in very hot weather was thrown in a slovenly manner over his s houlders His gait was measured and slow an d seemed i n capable of being q u ickened Hi s by the way re marks and co n versational replie s were often very remarkable In one of the circuits where he laboured he was obliged to decline an invitation to preach in a L ondon chapel ; and he was thereupon visited by two ladies who had gone in the hope of prevailing on him to consent A fter much fr uitle s s entreat y one of them said playfully but earne s tly Mr Chapman I am determined not to leave your house until ” you promise to oblige u s The reply wa s i n stantaneous Madam you do me in finite honour ; for you will abide with ” me always It i s commonly reported of him that onc e he went to a small Village to preach for which j ourney he took a hired conveyance O n pulling up at th e destination wher e .
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2 94
S E L F - MA DE M E N
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by thi s swarthy son of the workshop roused t h e bookseller s wonderment to the highe s t pitch and he began to cast glances into the future a s to t h e probabilitie s of this young man s ultimate destiny The next time D a n iel s name attracted my attention was when he came like a flami n g star from the north as a di s ting u ished s tudent from the Metropolitan University of S cotland A t this ti m e he wa s announced to preach in Carver s treet Chapel and my curio s ity had been too keenly awakened i n bygone days not to attend ; the more so indeed a s the young man from R oscoe place came forth in the new attire of a ministe r of the go s pel with the laurel s of a university student L ong before the u sual time the chap el w as crowded to exces s — not even standing room The clock struck s i x ; at that moment the door behind the pulpit opened an d the R ev D a n iel Chapman was at o nce the obj ect of every eye The stillness wa s awful To him the audience must either have been appali n g in the extreme or else highly stimulating ; but this would depend on the susceptibility of his mental calibre and the preparation he felt for meeting the require ments of so tryi n g an o cca s ion H i s appearance at this time was nervous bilio u s ; head somewhat s mall but compact ; hair black ; forehead rather narrow b u t high ; the coronal region well developed the organ s of the inferior sentiment s bei n g small they would not have f o r c e enough to give to the intellect high emotio n al and thrilli n g power N ever shall I forget the manner intonation and beautiful enunciation with ” which he uttered the words The fir s t hymn on the paper — n o t to m ention the exquisite style in which the hymn itself w as read so different from what we had b een accu stomed to hear The time for prayer arrived It was a s plendid invoca tion to the D eity He ranged through the universe making planets and s u n s the mere foot s teps to the throne of G od lightning the gleam o f his eye ; thunder the voice of his displeasure ; and Chri s t the all i n all for humanity s r e de mp tio n The service went o n the time for the sermon arrived ; the book opened and the text read wa s O n his thigh an d on h i s ve s tment s shall b e written — King of Kings and L ord ” of L ord s The utterance of these word s was transcendently exqui s ite and an unco m mon oration was delivered In one part of a burst of eloquence i n which he quoted for e ff ect his text in G reek an old woman rou s ed to the top of her wonderment an d the acme of her piety by these uncom m on Sounds uncon sciou s ly exclaimed G lory Hall e luj ah ’
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THE REV
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ANIE L
C H AP MAN
295
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D aniel having by his classical stratagem put th e crown ing ,
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tone on the good lady s emotion For a tim e D aniel Chapman was very popular with the Wesleyans hi s style ornate language and other pecu lari t i e s drew o v erflowing congregation s O f hi s mental capacities verbal memory w as the salient characteristic E very other power was made the most of by the tenacity of his memory for words Without this aid many of his facultie s would have had only a sort of common place manifestation He had the p ower— whether naturally or acquired it i s hard to — o f investing tho u hts at the spur of the moment in s ay g language at once verbo s e rotund or sin gularly unique It almo st amounted to a natural aptitude t o express thoughts i n or n ate language Thi s kind of style sounds grand startle s for a time but at length cease s to have its attractions even on the public ear A s for committi n g it to the press think ing it goo d E ngli s h compo sition nothing could be further from the sta n dard of excellence The writer was a student at the University of E din burgh two or thre e year s after D aniel Chapman left it A lthough four years a student at the same a lma m a t er he never heard D aniel Chapman s name mentioned till within two months of his final gradua tion Conver s i n g one eveni n g with the celebrated Professor Wilson (the Chri s topher N orth of Blackwood ) on She ffi eld her poet s and her scholars Montgomery E lliott and B ailey having been on the t ap is he s uddenly turned the subj ect and By the bye did you know a per s on called D aniel Chap s aid man who came from your town He attended my moral philo sophy clas s for a s e s s ion He wa s a man of som e genius but was sorely disappoin ted at n o t carryi n g o ff the moral phi lo s o ph y gold medal ; but h i s style of composition was peculiar an d i n flated and as there were better men again s t whom he had to contend he failed n eces s arily in what he aimed at I was very sorry : he was an amiable man ; but I have a duty to perform an d the best men alone carry o ff the highest ” ho n ours A t that time continued the Professor it was my cu s tom to meet the s tudents on the S aturday morning to hear them read the mo st bri lliant pas sages of their prize e s s ays On o n e of these occa s ion s I called upon M r D aniel Chapman to read hi s e s s ay or portions of it What with th e gravity of his manner the peculiar sti ffn ess of his utter ance and the grandilo quent language in which the essay wa s couched it was not long before the whole class wa s convulsed with laughter — and I laughed t o o for I could not h elp it I
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2 96
HE NRY PI CKF ORD ,
THE
LEARNE D G RIN DE R
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never had so much difli cu lt y in restoring the students to order ; and in fact this could not be done till I had called up another student to read his essay N otwithstanding all this D aniel Chapman was a remark able man and for him to do what he did redou n ded to his i n finite credit To be able to throw aside the Sheffield s la n g s hows a an d attain the poli s h an d p erfection that he did power of perseverance tr u ly D emo sthenic His enunciation in spite of what the Scotch students might thi n k was highly nervous and con sequently exqui s itely disti n ct an d his pro n u n c i at i o n of words o n the whole beautifu l in the extreme The manner of his soundi n g the vowel I an d all words con tai n i n g it in any syllable was worthy of all imitation for it fell upo n the ear with a peculiar fascinatio n With a little — more of the an i m e i n h i s compo s itio n that which gives the moti v e power to all the faculties — D a n iel Chapman might hav e becom e the impas s ioned orator and at will have R uled ” the fierce D emocracy A s it was the impre s s ion he pro du ce d on all audiences w as of no ordinary character ,
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P E RS O NAL RE C O LL E CT I O NS O F M R H E NRY P I C K F O RD .
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Henry Pickford w as born in Sheffield abo u t 1 8 0 6 H i s father Mr James Pickford was an i n d u s tr io u s re s pectable an d piou s man by trade a saw g r inder L eav ing school when about thirtee n year s of age He n ry Pickford began to work with hi s father at the t r ade of s aw g r i n di n g From that ” period he was self ed u cated except s ome little a s s i s tance rendered by the late Re v Thos Smith A M Classical T u tor of R otherham College an d o n e or two other persons His natural ta s te was for the acqui s ition of la n guages He w as I believe in a great degree animated in the s e pursuits by the laudable ambitio n of imitating that rema r kable S h effield man o f whom we have j u st been heari n g the late R ev D a n iel Chapma n He pu r sued h i s st u die s ea r ly an d late with characteristic ardour an d co n s iderable s u cces s On e day he very m uch a s t o n i s hed the attendan t s of the Bible Society s dep ot by applying to p u rchase a Ch aldo Syriac Testam e n t This led to i n quirie s which I believe were the means of his i n troduction to so m e of the clergy He had been bro u ght u p at the Queen s treet Chapel and w as a member of Mr Bode n s church and for some time his thought s had been directed to w ards the work of the Christian .
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298
HE N RY PI CKF O RD
c e s s f ul
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conclu sion that he should be sent to the Univ e rsity of Cambridge and put in a way of honourably disti n gui s hing himself by the fair exercise of tho se tale n t s which G od had ” bestowed upon him O ne of the papers above referred to by Mr A tki n son as ha v i n g been se n t to Professor L ee con si s ted of a translation i n to one of the O riental languages of I a well known p ersonification of one of the four S eason s ” think Spring by Mrs B arbau ld Henry Pickford was of a very amiable and cheerful dispo Inde e d his exuberance of sp irits united with great s i t i on fluency of speech was apt at season s to explode in un controllable fit s o f mirth fun and laughter Some per s ons were inclined to regard such outbursts as indicative and proof of real habitual levity of mind Such an opinion w ould certainly be a great mistake S uch occasions were simply the o utward manife s tation of on e of N ature s kindly gifts In fact it acted as a safety valve In July 1 8 3 0 seeing that hi s bodily and mental p owers wer e kept at too great and co n stant a strain I persuaded him and he act u ally made arrangements to accompany me to t h e Western coast in order to e nj oy what at the time he very much needed an entire relaxatio n for some weeks U n fo r t u n at e ly for him the s aw trade which had been d u ll becam e brisk His employers therefore p r e s s ed him very hard and earne s tly to do all the work he po s sibly could and he being anxiou s to get all the mon ey he was able in pro spect of the University in s tead of going with me to the s e a side and i n haling the i n vigoratin g breezes of the ocean stayed at home and exerted himself to the utmo st ; in one in s tance worki n g all night during a season of remarkably hot weather He ere lo n g found that he had to pay the penalty which physical laws exact on all without di stinction who disregard or i n fringe them That great exe r tion did him an irreparabl e inj ury having eventually the e ff ect of developing a latent ten den cy to con sumption so that from that time he only lived a year A lthough during the succeeding months there were t h e usual alternation s of hope and fear cloud and sunshine yet his earthly expectations were in reality blasted Hi s medical advisers wer e D r (afterwards Sir A rnold) Knight and the lat e Mr Wilson Ove r en d but from the fir s t they gave to his parents but slender hope s a s to h i s recovery It wa s my privilege to visit him during the whole cours e of his illness He died in July 1 8 3 1 about 25 years of age A midst the e ag e r and succ e ssful p ursuit of lit e rature h e had ,
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HEN RY P I CKF O RD
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not negle cted the one thing needful He was a young intelligent and sincere Christian and purpo sed devoti n g hi s talents and hi s life to the servic e of his L ord and Master R elying on D i v ine mercy through the atonement and inter cession of Chri s t his end was peace R especting him nothing can be more appropriate than the lines of Mrs Heman s .
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th er e al fir e h ath s hi v er e d fr agil e cen s er i n w h o s e m o ul d it qui vere d ” B rightly co n s um i n gly
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S AM U E L S C AN T LE BU RY p 7 Mr Samuel Scantlebury died at Chicago U S the 3 1 s t D ecember 1 8 74 aged 7 4 He was born 1 s t September 1 8 0 0 .
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p 9 There is still sta n ding in the Hartshead immediately above w here th e R ed L ion Inn cro s s e s the pas sage a poor house occupied by a working j eweller The door open s out of the Hartshead and the wi n dow in th e s ide looks out into a little yard In the wall over this is a stone with the i h scription H S ON H AS LE H U R S T E ARL Y B ANKE R S
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M R H ALL O V E RE ND
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TH E
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R E S U RRE CT I O NI S T S
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Mr Hall Ov ere n d wa s an enthu s ia s t in t he cause of s urgical s cience which in his day w as carried on amid great disadvantages and hazards since the law provid ed only for the dissectio n of crim i n al s who had bee n han ged and the s u pply was altogether inadequate for the medical schools This ga v e r i s e to the horrible practice of e m ploying ” resurrection men to di s inter clande s tinely bodie s which relatives suppo s ed had bee n born e to their last home Mr O ve r en d establi s hed the She ffield Medical School and w as i t s mo s t zealou s promoter The duty of obtai n i n g subj ects rested main ly upo n h i m and h e carried it out with charac t e ri s t i c vigo u r and success N on e but a man stan din g so high as he did profe s s ionally an d s ocially could have sus t ai n e d himself again st the prej udice which the su s picion of the employment of re s urrection men brought upon him for not o n ly were the feeling s of families g r ievou s ly wou n ded by fear s or realities b u t there exi s ted an ever —s mo u lderi n g popular indignation which the slightest incident might any day have cau sed to break out in riot an d o u trage B eside s this was the constant risk of the capture or i nj ury of some o f th e agents e mployed or th e search of the premises of t h e L E O NARD
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30 2
APPE N DI "
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betw ee n two of us w e were not long in driving to Sheffie ld Mr Ove r en d kept good horse s and anybody who tried to catch us after we had got o ff must have looked s harp L E O NARD : I suppo se you did not often venture on t h e town grave yards D O CT O R : N o unless there was some special reason for it in the singularity of a case I remember a deformed woman who had died in childbirth We were very anxiou s to examine her and we got her B ut we preferred the quiet Village churchyards — mo st of these within 1 2 or 1 4 m ile s were visited at times L E O NAR D When your m e n got to work on a newly fille d g rave they would soon get at the body D O CT O R : Well not always They sometim es found o b I remember s t acle s put in their way or graves made deep one case where the men had excavated an d came back to us saying there was neither body nor co ffin there We had to give it up for a time but we were so sure that we tried agai n and we found that the sexton when h e had gone low enough had made a sort of cave along one s ide of the grave and the coffi n had been pushed in there L E O NARD You would not like now to run such a risk as you did then D O CT O R : O h the excitement totally overbore t h e risk You will q u ite understan d how the expeditions would arouse the adventurou s spirits of young medical student s who had to plan and con duct them The greater the difficulty the more we tried to overcome it Mo st of the a dventures were of our o wn planning L E O NARD How did you go about them ” D O CT O R : We went o ut prosp ecting to borrow a word unkn own then When w e heard of a death in one of the villages one or two of us would go out for a country walk with a piece of bread and cheese in our pockets and a silver coin or two not of the largest We rested in a little Village alehouse and of course we must look at the church or copy curiou s epitaph s in the churchyard S exton s were usually communicative We a scertained where some poor body was to b e buried in a day or two p erhap s saw the sexton at work noted the point s it was necessary to watch marked the line of retreat and settled the best time to come When the time arrived we walked to the plac e by di fferent ways and the gig cam e aft e r to dimini s h th e ri s k of its b e ing o b s e rv e d waiting ,
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RE S URRE CT I
T HE
L E O NARD
O NI S T S
03
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O f course it would b e a gr e at obj e ct with you
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when yo u had rifled a grave to have it fi lled up so as to S how no trace of disturbance but you must sometim e s have had to e scape in a hurry D O CT O R : O h yes I remember o ne very funny case It happe n ed in a Village that had b een infested by fowl stealers who had made the people very vigilan t an d we k new several of them kept their gun s in readine s s loaded with sl u gs A ll had go n e right with u s The night was dark We had got the body remo v ed to a little di s ta n ce an d the m e n were rapidly completi n g the grave when u n luckily the sky cleared an d the m oo n s ho n e o ut A young couple had been married that day an d liv ed in a cottage overlooking the churchyard The bride happened to get o ut of bed during the night j u s t too soon for u s an d to look o u t of the window O f course she shrieked when s h e saw us an d her cry brought her hu s band to the window She screamed Shoot " S hoot and if we had s een the hu s band turn fro m the window and come back again we should have s uppo sed he had got h i s gun an d have exp ected a charge of slug s O f cou r se we could not stay to fi n ish the work though we got clear O ff with the bo dy We had a narrow escape at another village where the church and the rectory were adj acent In s tead of finding all quiet at the u sual ti m e as we expected we perceived that some of the rectory family were up The rector had gone out to din n er and be s ides the servants in the ho u se a man was in the out premi s es waiting to a s s i s t the coachma n in putti n g up the carriage horses We were j ust ready to be off when the carriage came up but we had to b r ing away a fellow pup il whom I had put on the recto r y yard wall where he lay to watch O u r u s u al mode of s ignalli n g was by throwi n g stone s in the direction of the party to be warned but in thi s case our watcher was too far o ff and I had n o chance but to run acros s the rectory lawn an d bring him away O n an other occasion a strict watch had been s e t over a grave We got the watchers into the public house an d s o e n tertained them with our songs an d stories that o u r obj ect was accompli s hed quietly and we left the watcher s boasting what they would have do n e if the body snatcher s had dared to come there WR A GG : I think I can tell a sto ry how o n e of the t w o profes s ional resurrectionist s once got i n to trouble A bout t h e year 1 8 3 0 a you n g man died of consumption an d was buried in B radfield churchyard clo se to the east end of the ch u rch Som e on e n e ar t h e church hearing a gig and th e fe e t ,
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AP PE NDI x
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of a horse pacing about got up to learn the cau se of so unusual a noise and saw what was goi n g on in the church yard Those i n the gig made a precip itate retreat towards She ffield O ne man was caught in endeavouring to make hi s escape from the churchyard i n which he would have f succeeded but his course w as i m pe de d by a deep snow drift This man su ff ered twelve months imprisonment ,
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C AMP O LANE p 4 6 Mr Hunter in an unpubli s hed M S says : In this name (Campo lane ) is preserved the memory of the ancient game of campi n g or foot ball which was known by this name camping in the time when the Promptorium was compiled and is still i n use in that sense in the countie s of N orfolk and Su ff olk See the Promptorium in M r Way s edition p 6 0 an d the E a s tern Counties G los saries by Moore " an d Forby The Campar field occurs several time s in the returns of their She ffield estates by the D ukes of N o rfolk under the A cts 1 and 1 0 G eo I compelli n g R oman Catholic s to regi s ter their estates with the Clerk of the Peace This proves that there was o n ce a field i n She ffield appro pri at e d to this sport and what more probable than that it was the open space now called Paradise sq u are Campo lane s o ” — called as leading to i t i n full the Camper field lane .
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C H AR L E S S Y L V E S T E R p 4 6 L ocal N otes and Queries (S h efii eld .
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I n dep en den t ,
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pp 5 3 5 4 For further p articulars Of Mr Wheeler s life see a N ot e ” by Mr T O H i n ch lifie i n L ocal N otes and Querie s The date of Mr (S h efii eld I n depen den t July 1 Wheeler s departure for R ussia is there given as 1 8 1 8 and his return 1 8 3 2 He died in N ew York June 1 2 1 8 4 0 aged 6 9 D ANI E L W H EE LE R
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pp 7 8 7 9 1 0 7 The following is from Mr Hunter s M S S The first book I have met with p ublished at She ffi eld is B ag s h aw s s mall 1 2 mo D e Spi ri t u ali s Pecci & c by Nevi ll E ARL Y S HE FF IE L D P RIN T E RS
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AP PENDI x
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Ward gave up his paper in 1 7 when another was set up profes s ing a line of politic s oppo site to those of the R egi s te r pri n ted by No rt h all u n der the title of the She ffield Coura n t Thi s paper had not a long exi s tence F r om this time to 1 8 0 7 the Iris was the only newspaper publi s hed in She ffi eld In consequence of a quarrel between t he E ditor and a printer in the town The Sheffield Mer cury wa s set u p in oppo sition to it Th e first n umber w as published by W m Todd on Saturday March 28 t h ,
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MO N U M EN T p 8 5 R emoved for the purpos e of r e e rection in We ston Park July 1 s t 1 8 7 5 E BENE Z
E LLI O TT
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p 98 Whil e th e se sheets have b een pas sing t hrough the pr e ss the whole of the property mentioned at the top of p 9 8 [ where is now Mr Carter s shoemaker there was an o b struction in the road It was at the bottom of the A ngel yard and Mr W o rm all s shop is part of from the Angel gateway up to Me ssrs Cockayne s has been demolished to make room for the expan s ion of that firm In the pro cess of destruction the workme n on th e 3 0 t h A pril 1 8 7 4 laid bare the upper side wall of the shop until then occupied by Mr W o r m all next above the A ngel inn expo sing for a short time to daylight a fragme n t of an old She ffield hou se The front was modern but the side wall exposed wa s built of rubble stone as was the fashion in Sheffield an d was much decayed There were several old windows o f more than Ordinary size with ston e sta n chions years ago bricked up the style of which sugge s ted that the building wa s erected in the 1 7 t h century A n old chimney s till remained built with large dressed s ton e s Wa s thi s part of the proj ecting build ing mentioned on p 9 8 as being altered by Mr Walker There is a suspicion that the first She ffield Theatre was up the A ng e l Inn yard behind the property abov e referred to an d n ow u s e d as stabling A N GE L S T REE T
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HO U SE S IN PO RT OBE LL O p 1 5 5 Th e two hous e s h e r e spoken of as y e t s tanding i u s t b ee n d e m oli s h e d (June .
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MR
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P N CE R
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184
M A D AM FE LL p S ee L ocal N ote s and Queries 8 4 6 1 for July e d e n t 7 n p
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M R JO H N S PE N C E R
pp 1 8 6 1 9 0 Mr Spencer died at M as br o Cottage M as br o N ovember He deserves to be remembered 2 4t h 1 8 7 4 in his 8 4t h year a s a worthy relic of what we may almo st call medi aeval Shef A S h e ffield manufacturer of the old school he r e fi eld t ai n e d knee breeches stocki ngs and shoes together with the vernacular in all its purity ; but he yet had s omething of r s When urged to fin e m e n t both in language and manner p u s h his trade by sendin g out more tr avellers he would r e — fi ply with a con dent smile N ay lad ; we ll p ut i n a bit better stu ff if it be po s s ible an d have a bit better work manship and that ll se ll Spencer s file s without more travel lers Many of his quai n t and s hrewd sayings are commonly quoted by his old a s s ociates workmen and n eighbours He lived on terms of hearty familiarity w ith his workm en and poor neighbours and was known among the urchin s of Pea croft for whom he alway s had kindly words and looks as D addy Spencer Straightforwardne s s urbanity of m anner A s a boy an d kindne s s of heart were hi s characteri s tics Mr Spe n cer commenced working as a file cutter at the early age of seven years When he wa s 1 7 years old his uncle who wa s a file manufacturer died leaving him the busines s which he un der the guidance of his mother carried on B eing in L ondon whe n the war between this country and France was brought to a close and being unable to obtain any orders owin g to the badne s s of trade Mr Sp encer deter mined to cro ss the Channel and try what he could do in France He succeeded in gai n ing cu s tomers and there are houses in France who gave Mr Spencer orders nearly sixty years ago that still continue to do busines s with his son s Mr Spencer w as a man of great industry It wa s h i s inva an d to treat his ri ab le rule to manufactur e a good article workmen with kindne s s and when depression came instead of taking advantage of th e times he kept his men on full work and stocked the goods until there wa s a revival when he soon cleared o ff his accumulation of stock Having him self experienced the di fficu lt i e s of travelling on hor s eback carryi ng his patterns in saddle bags before there were even coach e s Mr Sp e ncer knew fully th e valu e of i m proved mean s .
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MR
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S PE N CER
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of communication and h e accordingly thr e w him s elf h e artily into various schemes to this end when th e times wer e ripe He was an activ e promoter of the Humber Steam Ship Com ” pany which every T uesday and Friday night ran light boats drawn by several horses to Thorne an d the n c e by steam to Hull L ondon and other places In 1 8 3 5 — 6 Mr John Spenc e r was Mast e r Cutler His term of O ffice was a very important and exciting year abounding in j oint sto ck schemes of all sorts A s we had then no Mayor the Master Cutler was by courtesy the authority to call and preside over public meetings ; and the R eform A ct of 1 8 3 2 appoint ed him R eturning O fficer The first bill for the She ffield and R other ham lin e (of which Mr Spencer was a warm supporter ) had been lo s t and it w as resolved to apply again ; the N orth Midland scheme was brought fo rw ard and a great e ff ort which many of th e supporters of the Sh e fli eld and Ro t h erh ani hel ped to defeat was made by Mr Sp encer and others to secure Sheffi eld a station on th e main line The carrying Of the lin e by M as b ro u gh was followed by variou s schemes for improving the po sition of She ffield an d pro spectu se s f o r lines to Manchester and also to G oole an d H u ll were is s ued Mr Sp encer may indeed be credited with th e initiation of the Sheffield and Manchester railway He pressed the subj ect upon the late Mr T A Ward Mr D eakin an d Mr E S m ith when it was d e cided that if the ma n u facturers of Man chester would c o operate with them they wo uld form a comp a n y to start a railway bet w ee n the two towns Mr Spencer immediately p ut him s elf in commu n ication with th e S i de b o t t o m s and other influential ge n tle m e n of Manche ster and with what succe ss th e tra ffi c upon th e railway now tes In the year in which Mr Spencer was Master Cutler t i fie s th e Comp any over which he pre s ided the Town Trustees and the Church B urges se s had the honour to present an addres s to the D uchess of Kent on the occa s ion of her Vi s it , with the Princes s V ictoria to We n tworth House ; and Mr Spencer also pre s ided as returning o ffi cer at Mr John Parker s r e election for the borough on the occasion of hi s becoming one of the L ords of the Treasury Mr Spencer continued to carry on succes s fully the business in Pea croft u n til the year O n retiring 1 8 4 9 when he gave it up to two of his sons from bu s iness Mr Spencer went to live on an estate he had at Mas bro wh e re h e di e d ,
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I NDE
B ay e s J o h n B ayl e y Mr s B ayl e y Rev .
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1 70 25 5 , Ro bt
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M rs
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1 71
Birc h
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An n (t en c hildr en at a bi r th ) , 1 28 Bir d i n t h e h an d , C h u rc h l an e , 5 5 , 1 3 9 Bi r d i n t h e h an d, S pri n g s t re e t , 1 4 1 Bi r d , T h o m as , s p e ct acl e m ak er , 9 6 Birk s , con s t abl e , 1 13 Birks , E b e ne z er , 2 6 5 -
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B ayli ff e , R ev G eo , 1 7 0 B aw er , G e o , 7 3 B e al , M i ch ae l , 8 8 B e ards h aw , cu tl er , 2 0 7 B e ar ds h aw , J o n ath an , 1 8 7 , 1 8 9 , 1 90 B e ar ds h aw , W m , 1 7 3 B e auc h i e ff , 1 6 2 B ee , b r ac e bit m ak e r , 188 B e e Hi v e , Th e , 1 5 5 2 5 5 B eef h e ade d B o b , 2 7 9 Kn o tt , 9 5 B e i lby Pr o c t o r , 1 3 7 B e i lb y B e ll H agg , 5 3 B e ll h o u s e , 2 43 B e ll , J o h n , parli am e n t ary c an did at e , 2 6 3 B elle fi e ld, s t re e t , 1 4 6 B e ll s , Ch u rch , 4 8 , 49 ” B e lp er J o e , 2 2 5 B en n e t , E d w ar d , C o al pit l an e , 2 5 6 8 B en n e t , G e o , 5 6 , 6 9 , 2 3 3 , 25 7 B en n ett , D r , 2 91 B en n ett , G eo r g e , d ru g gi s t , 9 3 B e n n e tt , g ro cer , 1 48 B en n e tt , r i o t e r , 6 5 B en s on , M r , 1 8 9 ’ B e n t s G re e n , 1 5 4 B e s t , Re v Th o s , 2 97 B e th e ] , S i r Ri ch ar d, 1 Bi ckl e y , J am e s , 2 1 4 Biggi n , J o s h u a, 2 2 1 B i ggi n , S am u e l , 22 1 ’ Billy Hill s p ar l o ur , 2 2 1 Billy Re d w ai s t co at , 22 6 B i n n e y , att o r n e y , 1 9 5 Bi n n e y , E n s ig n J , 2 8 2 Bi n n e y , M e s s rs , 1 0 ,
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Bi r k s J S T 1 6 1 7 B radb u ry L i eu t T 2 8 2 B r adfie ld c h u rchy ar d Bi rk s Th o m as 2 2 1 Bi s h o p f act o r 2 42 304 Bl ac k L am b l an e 65 B radl ey Wm b re w er 9 9 B r ad s h aw J o s e ph 1 7 2 15 4 1 5 5 Bl ac k L i o n 1 0 4 1 0 9 B r ad w e ll w ak e s 2 1 2 B rady Q u ak er 4 1 Bl ack S w an 6 1 0 9 Bl ackb u r n Re v J 1 5 7 B ram all D an i e l file m ak er 2 4 1 2 5 1 Bl ack er J acky 2 7 0 1 Bl ac kw e ll J o h n 7 2 B r am all l an e 1 43 1 46 1 47 1 5 3 2 4 1 Bl ac kw e ll M ar k 1 3 0 B r am h all 1 49 Bl ak e C apt J 2 8 2 Bl an d J o h n c o n s t abl e B r am l e y dz G ai n s f o rd 3 ,
t e r , 23 5
B in n s
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1 71 , 273 Bl an d, W illi am , co n s t abl e , 1 1 3 , 1 7 1 Bl an d , P ar s o n , 6 0 Bli n d F iddl er s , 5 , 1 6 7 Blin d l an e , 4 1 , 2 6 1 B lo n k , S i lc o ck , Co , 2 5 0 Bl o u k s t ree t , 1 4 9 Bl ue B ell , 7 1 , 7 4 Bl u e B o ar , 6 2 , 1 1 4, 1 41 Bl u e s , Th e , 249 , 2 8 0 B lyt h e s , o f N o rt o n L e e s , 79 , 8 0 Blyt h m an , G e o , 1 0 9 B o d e n , Rev J am e s , 1 7 5 , 23 3 , 2 9 6 B o l e hill , 1 5 4 , 2 8 0 B o l s o ver hill , 45 B o l so v er , Th o m as , 2 33 B o o k er , Th o s dz W m , C h ar ti s t s , 2 77 , 2 7 9 B o o t e D an i e l , 3 7 .
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B o o th M r s S ally ao t re s s 9 6 B o o th Th o m as 5 B o o th ro yd 2 0 3 B o th am co n f e cti o n e r 70 B o u lt o n 85 Wat t 9 7 1 42 B o urn e s Th e 1 6 5 B o w s t r ee t 4 3 B o w d en G e o 203 B o w er dz B aco n 1 1 0 B o w er Bi s h o p ” 1 2 9 B o w e r S p r i n g 1 28 1 2 9 .
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1 44 , 1 5 2 , 2 6 3
B o w li n g
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135
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1 76 , 25 6 ’ B o y s C h ar ity S c h o o l , 1 2 6 , 1 6 9 , 2 42 , 2 90
B radb ury
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S
ilvers m ith
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233
B r amm er B ro ad l an e ,
2 02 ’ B re ls f o r t h s
sc
ho ol
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2 21
B re tl an d Th o s 7 9 B r e w er Rev J e h o i ad a .
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6 9 , 1 7 2 1 75 , 2 3 3 , 2 4 6 B rew i s , 1 8 2 B ri ck h o le s , Th e , 1 99 , 2 02 Br i c k l an e , 1 3 6 B ridg e s tr e e t , 1 1 2 , 1 5 8 , 23 7 B r i dg eh o u s e s , 3 , 1 44 , 1 5 2 , 2 23 5 B r i dg e h o u s es ’ t r ag e dy , 22 4 B ridl e s t y, 1 6 2 -
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B r ight H en ry W hi rl o w ,
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59
B right S qu i re 1 8 7 B right S t e ph e n 5 9 B right Th o s y e o m an ,
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79
B right s t re e t
1 5 5 , 25 5 Ro bt , 4 3 , ,
B ri g h t m o r e , 5 8, 15 0 B r i gh t m o r e s t r e e t , 1 46 B right s , o f E cc l es all , 25 5 B right s id e , 1 5 6 , 1 6 1 B r ight s id e l an e , 1 5 7 .
B right s id e V es t r y H all
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1 27
B r itt ai n W S 1 7 9 B r itt ai n dz W ilki n s o n ,
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1 29
B r it an n i a M et al t e ap o t s fi r s t m ak er s o f 1 94 B ri t t le b an k J o s e ph 4 B ro ad l an e 44 4 5 -
B o w li n g Ri c h ar d 2 47 B o w m an 22 5 6 B o w m an p aw n b r o k er
23 8
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6 3 , 1 3 5 , 1 93 2 0 5 , 2 3 8 , 271 B ro ad s t ree t , 2 1 8 , 2 3 1 B r o adb en t s , Th e, 8 , 9 , 1 0 , 1 65 -
X
I ND E
B ro adb en t Th o s ,
B ro adh e ads , 1 30
B r o adh e ad
3 , 1 64 o f W es t b ar , .
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B ro w n e ll Mr s B r o w n e ll P e t e r ,
B r o w n h i ll, ” m o ti o n ,
B r o w n h i ll, J o n at h an , 1 8 9 B r o w n i ll, C h as , 3 1 B r u m by , W m , 5 B u c h an , D r , 1 2 , 1 45 B uc ki n gh am , D uk e o f , 7 8 B u ll b ai tin g, 2 0 9 B u ll I n n , Wi c k e r , 2 2 1 B u ll o c k , Wi lli am , 22 9 B u lls t ak e , 8 9 .
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G u rn e y , Co , 1 95 S po rle s B ro adh e ad , Ro g ers , 1 9 4 B r o adh e ad S am u e l (an d A tki n ) , 1 7 1 , 1 94 B ro adh u r s t , t abl e k n i f e m an u f act ur e r , 23 4 B ro adh u r s t , Th o s , 1 5 6 B r o c co , Th e , 1 0 5 , 2 0 3 , 2 0 6 , 208 ’ B ro ck s o pp s B ath s , 1 5 8 B r o o k e s , A lf re d 8 0 6, 5 3 B r o o k fi e ld, B r o o kh i ll , 4 3 , 1 1 3 , 1 46 , 15 0 B r o o m fi e ld, 1 6 2 B ro o m g ro v e , 1 6 2 B r o o m h all , 6 5 , 9 0 , 1 5 3 , 1 62 , 2 64 B ro o m h all Mill , 5 9 , 14 7 B ro o m h all S p r i n g , 1 5 3 , 263 B ro o m h all s t r ee t , 1 5 4, 1 5 5 , 25 5 B r o o m h e ad B en j , 2 1 7 B ro o m h e ad , H e n ry , 1 5 0 B ro o m h e ad , S ar ah , 1 7 3 B r o o m h e ad , Wi ght m an , M o o re , 2 47 B r o o m h i ll , 1 6 2 B r o o m s pr i n g l an e , 9 8 , 1 4 6 , 1 48 , 1 4 9 B ro u gh am , L o r d , 1 B r o u ght o n , S p e n c e , 1 1 6 (h i s l as t l e tt e r) , 1 1 7 B ro w n , C apt J , 2 8 2 B ro w n C o w , 4 1 B ro w n , G eo d ru g gi s t , 7 6 B r o w n , J am e s , b o o k bi n d er , 1 05 B ro w n , J o h n , S t am p o ffi ce , 5 3 , 2 8 5 B ro w n , J o h n , d rap e r 5 2 B r o w n , S i r Jo h n , 1 5 5 B r o w n , Ro g e r , 1 49 B ro w n , Walt er , 5 3 B r o w n e , Re v Cuthb e r t , 76 B ro wn e , D en n i s , 22 9 3 0 B ro w n e , Dr , 4 , 5 6 , 228 , ,
311
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58 , 28 2 S eco n d t h e 188 .
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B uo n ap ar t e N ap o l e o n ,
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88
B ur b e ary S m ith , 6 ’ B a r do n s t o y s h o p , 8 7 B ur g e s s s t r e e t , 1 3 2 , 2 6 1 B ur gi n , C h ar l e s , 1 8 8 B ur gi n , G e o r g e 85 J o n a t h an , 1 5 2 , 2 2 4 B u r gin , p r i n t e r , 2 6 8 B ur gin , Th o s , g ar de n er , 1 27 .
B u rg i n W m g ar d e n er .
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1 27, 1 5 7
B u r i al g ro u n d
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1 5 4, 1 9 8 ,
23 1 B u rk i n s h aw f am ily , 1 3 5 B ur n Gr e av e , 1 08 , 1 3 6 ,
d
B u rn g re ave 161
ro a
15 2,
,
B u rn s t av e rn 2 9 B u rn t T r e e l an e 85 ,
we
ll
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B u rr e ll G dz J S 9 3 B u r t o n J ack 2 25 2 2 7 B u r t o n J o h n 1 48 B u r t o n W i lli am Ro yd s M ill 2 3 0 B ur t o n b ridg e fi e ld s 2 2 8 Bush Wm 68 B u tch er J o h n 6 9 B u t c h er Wm dz S 2 3 5 B u tl e r G eo dz Co 1 3 1 B utt o n l an e 1 5 3 2 5 6 .
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26 0
C an n i n g s t r e e t , 2 5 5 C ar li s l e s t r e e t , 1 5 2 C ar n e lly, vo l u n t e er , 2 8 3 C arr , Ald J o h n , 2 49 Carr , G e o , p o s t m as t er , 86 C arr , J o s e ph , d r ap e r , 8 7 C arr , M r , 1 5 4 C ar r , Ril e y , 8 7 , 2 0 2 ’ C arr , S i ah , 4 8 C arr , s t ay m ak e r , 5 3 C ar r , W o o dh o u s e Carr , 187 C ar t e r , s h o e m ak e r , 9 8 , 3 06 C ar v e r , Ro bt , 7 2 , 1 0 3 , .
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28 0
C ar ve r s t re e t , 1 2 9 , 1 8 9 C ar ve r s t re e t C h ap e l , 1 5 2 , 1 9 2 2 3 4, 2 9 4 C as tl e c o u r t , 8 9 C as tl e f o ld s , 2 1 8 C as tl e gr e en h e ad , 1 0 7 C as tl e h i ll 2 C as tl e I n n , 1 0 4, 1 1 2 C as tl e s t r e e t , 1 0 8 , 1 9 7 , 21 6 C ath er i n e s t r e e t , 1 5 2 C attl e M ar k e t , 2 1 3 , 22 2 C aw th o r n e , J am e s , 3 7 , 1 05 , 1 0 7 C aw th o rn e , J o h n , 1 0 6 C aw th o r n e , Th o m as , 3 7 C aw th o rn e , W illi am , 1 0 5 C aw o o d, J o b , 4 1 C e crl, J o s e ph , 7 5 , 1 6 3 C e m e t e r y , G e n e r al , 1 6 2 C e m e t e ry r o ad, 1 0 3 , 1 9 4 C h ad bu rn , W illi am , 9 5 C h ad w i c k , R e v C , 2 9 , 3 0, 39 C h ad w i c k , Rev C , jun , 29 C h am b er s , F r as , 2 3 8 Ch an g e all ey , 3 4 , 8 0 , 8 1 , 2 47 C h an t r e y , S i r F r an c i s , 4 , 40 , 5 8 6 9 , 1 08 , ,
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C ac k A ll e y , 1 28 C ad e , J am e s , 8 3 C ad m an , S e th , 1 5 4, 2 5 3 , 25 6 ’ C ad m an s i h t h e F i e ld s , 15 3 C al v er , Th o s , 22 6 C am m e ll J o hn so n , 2 3 4 C am p o l an e , 6 1 0 , 2 6 2 8 , 4 6 , 47 3 0 4 C an ada, U ppe r 85 L o w er , 1 47 C an al , 1 46 Gan d o w , M r 7 1 -
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25 1 , 2 6 5
C h ap e l W alk , 2 47 Ch ap m an , R e v D an i e l , 290 6 C h ap m an , W illi am , 9 C h ap s o r C h ap m e n , 1 3 9 Ch ar l e s s t r e e t , 1 3 1 , 23 3 , 23 4 , 2 5 1 Ch arl e y , S o f t , 2 25 6 .
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I NDEX
3 12 C h arl o tt e , P ri n ces s , 208 C h ar l o tt e s t r e e t , 1 5 5 C h ar ti s t C o n s pi r acy h o w it w as di s co ve r e d , 2 72 279 C h ar ti s t s , 1 6 8 , 2 6 9 2 7 9 Ch e n e y , D r , 1 0 8 , 1 5 5 , 2 64 C h en e y r o w an d s qu are , 1 6 , 2 6 1 , 2 64 C h e rr y T r e e , Old, 1 3 0 C h e s t er fi e ld r o ad, 1 5 4 C hi m e s , 4 8 C hi n a s qu ar e , 2 6 4 C h i s h o lm , C apt ai n , 1 2 8 C h o l e r a Gr o u n d, 2 3 4 C hr on i c le , S h efii e ld, 7 5 C h u r c h G at e s , 2 C h u r ch s t r e e t , 2 9 , 4 2 46 , 5 3 6 1, 139 C l arb o ur , J o h n , 6 9 C l ar k e , Capt ai n R , 2 8 2 Clar k eh o u s e l an e , 1 6 2 , -
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23 7
Cl ay W o o d, 1 5 6 , 23 4 C l ay s , B ridg eh o u s e s , 7 4, C l ay s , o f K e n t uc ky , 2 2 3 C l ayt o n , A l e x , 5 M ar y , C l ayt o n , Ch as 1 73 C l ayt o n , J o h n , 1 7 9 C l ayt o n , J o h n , C h ar ti s t , 279 C l ayt o n , W H , 3 , 5 Cle e k h am I n n , 1 44 C l e gg , 24 C l e gg , W illi am , 1 7 1 C l e gg s , t h e t ru m p e t e r s , 5 4 , 2 1 4, 2 3 9 C l e r k , C o r n e li u s , 5 9 C l iff H i g h s t re e t , 7 2 C lift o n , W illi am , 7 7 C l o u gh H o u s e , 1 6 2 C l o u gh l an e , 1 47 C l u b G ar d e n s , 1 4 7 , 1 5 0 C l u b Mill , 2 0 8 Gl a l e y , F r an c i s , 1 2 8 1 00 , C o ach e s , 6 3 1 02, 1 67 , 2 67 Co alpit l an e , 1 2 9 , 1 5 2 , .
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Co c h r an e , L o r d , 1 7 2 C o ok , Th e , High s t re e t , 7 8 , 107 C o c k , Th e , H o lli s c r o f t , 189 Coc k Tail L ady , 1 3 0
.
C o ck ayn e , W illi am , 8 8 Co c k ay n e s , 1 7 , 8 8 , 3 0 6 C o ckb urn , Th o m as , 8 0 Co e , J o h n n y , t h e k n o ck kn e e d, 9 6 Co k e , D r 1 8 9 C o l e B ro th er s , 6 1 C o ll ey , F r as , 7 8 , 8 9 C o lli er , Rev C , 1 2 5 , 1 2 6 C o lq uh o un , 7 1 C o l s o n S tyl e , 1 1 5 , 1 46 , 1 5 8 , 1 71 C o l u m bi a W o r k s 5 2 C o m m e r c i al B u ildi n g s , 70 , 7 2 C o mm er ci al s t r e e t , 2 1 3 C o n s t abl e s , 1 1 3 Co n s t an ti n e , S c o tl an d s tre et , 1 94 C o n v en t W alk , 25 5 C o n w ay s t r e e t , 1 5 3 Co o k s h o p s , 1 5 Co o k w o o d , 1 5 1 , 1 5 6 , 1 6 1 ,
Cre s wi ck s ,
s
ilversm ith s
.
23 1
Cr i ch , p u bli can , 6 Cro o k e d Bill e t y ar d , 7 8 C ro o k e s , 1 8 1 , 23 2 C ro o k e s F e as t , 2 0 1 Cro o k e s , G eo , c o n s t abl e , .
.
.
.
,
2 08
C o o p e r , c o n f e cti o n e r , 7 2 C o o p er , d rap er , 8 0 C o o p er , J o h n , 1 6 8 C o o p e r , Th o s , gr o c er , 76, 77 C o o p er , W i lli am , 22 9 C o p e l an d , M r , s o li c it o r , .
.
10
Co pl ey , 6 C o pp er s t r eet , 1 3 1 C o rb e tt D r , 5 7 C o r n E x ch an g e , 2 2 7 C o rn hill , 2 9 , 1 6 0 , 1 9 5 C o r n i s h pl ac e , 1 5 7 , 1 9 4 C o rn i s h s t r e e t , 1 44 C o tt o n M ill b u r n t , 1 1 8 , 20 7 C o tt o n Mill W alk , 1 44 C o uldw e ll, 1 5 8 C o ur an t , S h effi e ld , 5 6 , 5 7 , 9 4, 3 0 6 C o u tt s , B aro n e s s B ur d e tt , 1 2 5 Co u tt s , Th o m as , b an k er , 1 25 C o w l e y , C h ri s 1 6 3 s ch o o l C ow l ey , W m m as t er , 2 9 , 1 6 8 D ix o n , 7 1 Co w e n C o w e n , Th o m as , 7 1 C o w l e y , J o s e ph , 7 1 C o w li s h aw , J Y , 2 3 8 Craw s h aw , J am e s , 7 1 ,
.
.
.
.
C ro o k e s M o o r , 2 , 1 8 8 , 262 , 2 77 C ro o k e s M o o r D am s , 1 6 2 Cro s s D agg e r s , 7 8 , 8 9 C ro s s S m i t h fi e ld, 1 3 1 C ro s s l an d , 5 Cr o s s l an d , s p r in g k n i fe c utl e r , 2 5 4 ’ Cr o s s lan d s c o rn m ill , 220
Cr o w n , D i c k , 2 24 p u bli can , C ro w n s h aw , 1 09 Cr o w th er , Mr s , 1 3 1 Pre s t o n , 77 Cu bl e y Cup I n n , 2 7 , 94 ’ C u tl er s A r m s , 2 6 5 ’ tl e r s C o m p an y , 1 3 9 , Cu .
1 8 2 , 1 8 4 , 2 43
Cu tl er s F e as t s , 5 7 , 6 6 , 95 , 2 2 8 ’ C u tl e r s H all , Old, 5 5 , 139 C utt s , I P, 9 7 , 1 8 8 D ai s y w alk , 1 6 0 D am e s , 1 8 4 ’ D Am o u r , M atthi as , 1 6 D am r o ad, 1 6 2 D an i e l s , J am e s , 8 0 D an i e l s , S am u e l , 8 0 D ar li n g , A dj u t an t , 28 2 D arn all , 1 2 7 , 2 1 7 D av en p o r t , Mi ch ae l , 1 9 7 ’ D av e n p o r t s s t all , 8 4 D av y , P ati e n ce , 1 7 1 D aw s o n , J o h n , 1 1 D aw s o n , R ev J o s h , 2 49 D aw s o n , s cyth e g r i n d er , 181 D e aki n , Ch an g e all ey , 2 4 7 , 3 08 D e aki n , G e o r g e , 2 3 7 D e aki n , I s aac , 1 3 0 D e aki n , Mi s s , 9 5 rym e , J am e s , 22 9 D e la P D e n t o n , gr o c er , 1 1 5 i t s m o or , D e n t o n , Wm , P 1 15 D e r by s hi re l an e , 4 0 , 1 5 4 ” D e vil s , 1 38 ’
.
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314
I NDE
F l o u r rio t s 2 70 F lyi n g S t ati o n er s 2 6 8 F o de n P e t er C h ar ti s t ,
,
1 7 1 , 2 77 9 F o r d, p r i n t e r , 2 6 8 F o rr e s t , dr u ggi s t , 9 3 ,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
77
F o s t e r s c o urt 7 8 F o u ld s A s tl e y 3 4 F o u ld s S am u e l 3 4 F o un t ai n Th e Co alpit l an e 1 5 0 ’
,
,
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F o x , B e n j , W e s t b ar , 1 2 8 F o x , G o dfr e y , g ao l ke e p e r , 8 9 , 2 1 5 , 2 6 4 F o x , Re v J o s e ph , 2 3 7 F o x , N o r t h C h ur ch s t , 1 76 F o x , We s t b ar , 1 1 5 F o w l er , S am u e l , 1 1 5 F ram e p o li s h i n g , 1 3 0 F r an c e , s urg eo n , 6 0 F r e e L i br ary , 2 3 , 2 40 F r e e Wr iti n g S ch o o l , 3 6 , 41 , 25 1 F r e t s o n , J o b , 23 0 1 6 6 , 230 F re t s o n , W m F r i en ds , Th e , 9 , 1 0 , 1 6 8 Fr i th , J e m m y , 1 9 2 F r ith , M r (D r I n k b o ttl e ) , 2 49 , 2 8 0 F rith P e t e r , o pti ci an , 1 1 5 F r i th , S am an d To m , 1 9 2 F ro ggatt , C o ld w e ll dz C o , 1 95 F r o gg att , S am ue l , o p t i c ran , 9 7 ’ F r o gg att , s o li cit o r s clk , 93 F ru it M ar k e t , 8 9 F ul w o o d, 2 5 0 F u rn ac e H i ll , 1 2 9 , 1 3 0 F u rn i s s , H e n ry , 23 4 F urn i s s , N e ddy , 1 1 0 , 1 2 7 F urn i s s , P o l e s 65 F ur n is s , 234 F u rn i v al s t r e e t , 2 3 3 4 G ai n s f o r d, F e n t o n dc N i c h o l s o n , 23 3 G ai n ef o rd, Ro bt J o h n , 2 33 G al e s , A & E , 6 8 , 7 6 , 1 5 9, 1 8 1 G al e s , f am ily , 1 3 - 1 5 .
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d e bt o r s Ki n g ’
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t t 89 G ar d e n s t r ee t Ch ap e l 2 8
Gl o s s o p , 2 1 6 G l o s s o p ro ad , 4 3 , 1 46 , 1 48 , 1 5 2 , 1 5 4, 1 5 6 , 1 7 1 ,
,
,
F o s t er l o cal b an d 2 6 1 F o s t er C am pb e ll 2 F o s t er G e o r g e 7 7 F o s t er Wm SJ S o n 6 0 ,
Gao l , Old s re e
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1 2 , 22 1 ,
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G al e s ,
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25 6 1 26 , 1 2 9 , G ar den w alk , 1 9 3 , 2 0 6 ’ A rm s , 1 48 a r d en ers G G ar d en s , Old S h e ffie ld , 1 4 5 et s e q G ar dn er , S am u e l , 1 8 8 , 208 .
J o h n p rin t er
G arn e t ,
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Glo s s o ps ,
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l o w e 207 G o dd ar d H all 3 3 5 3 G o dw i n F i s h e r 8 8 G o d w i n 85 L i ttl e w o o d 42 G o l de n B all 6 G o o di s o n C apt 2 8 0 G o o di s o n Th o s 3 3 1 8 0 ,
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tt er 1 2 7 G au n t 85 T u r t o n 1 2 9 G e ll Philip 1 5 3 G e ll s t re e t 1 5 3 2 3 7 G e o r g e 85 D r ag o n B an k s tre et 1 6 7 G e o r g e 85 D r ag o n B ro ad l an e 20 2 G o r ge i n n 8 0 G eo r g e s t r e e t 2 4 7 G en tl e m an s M ag az i n e cu
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G o o dlad, S am , 5 G o o dw i n , R ev E , 3 7 , 1 05 , 1 70, 2 6 6 G o r do n , D u ch e s s o f , 1 6 ’ li g n s pl an , 7 0 , 1 6 8 Go s G o w e r , Nath an i e l , 1 9 4 G o w e r s tr e et , 1 5 2 G r ai n g er , G e n e r al , 2 48 G r am m ar S c h o o l B o y s , .
G arn e tt , J o h n , n u r s e r y m an , 1 5 2 G ar s id e , J am e s , 2 0 3 G ar s id e 85 S h aw , 8 9 G as c o al , Th e fi r s t , 9 8 G as C o m p an y , 7 1 G as c o ig n e , D an i e l , ap o th e car y , 1 6 3 G atl e y , Th o m as , 1 3 0 G atty , D r , 9 6 ” ’ “ H u n t er , 3 , 9 , G at t y s 77, 79, 2 2 3 , 23 0 , 2 3 1 , 2 8 7 8 G au n t , J o h n , g r o c er , 1 2 7 G au n t , J o s e ph , s cal e
,
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G r amm ar S ch o o l , Th e o ld, 2 9 3 6 , 5 3 G r an t , J o s e ph , s c al e c u tt e r , 1 2 7 ’ t G r an s (E lli s ) s t all , 8 4 G r ap e s , C h u rc h s t , 5 4 G r ap e s , W e s t b ar , 1 3 0 G r ay , E , s addl e r , 74 G r ay , W illi am , 1 4 3 , 2 0 4, -
.
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23 8
G r ay s o n , O pti c i an s w o r k m an , 9 6 G r e at r e x , J am e s , 22 9 G r e av e s , o f S h e af w o r k s , ’
G r e av e s , G e o r g e B u s t ar d , O f P ag e H all , 7 4 , 1 6 4 ,
’
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1 70
G ibb e t p o s t s , 1 1 6 , 1 7 9 G i b r alt ar s t re e t , 1 2 9 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 2 , 1 44 , 2 6 1 , 2 9 3 G i lb er t , E ar l o f S h re w s
b u ry
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G i llat t , G i llo t t , G i llo t t , G i llo t t ,
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d ru ggi s t 8 0 h att e r 9 4 J o s e ph 2 2 0 Mr s E g er t o n ,
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25 4 ”
G i n S am , 1 6 , 7 7 G i r dl ers , Th e , 7 0 ’ i r l s G Ch ar ity S c h o o l , 2 6 , 1 43 G l an vill e , S am u e l , 8 8 , 99 G l o b e W ork s ,
G r e av e s , J o h n , F ar g at e , 260 G r e av e s , J o h n , G l o s s o p r o ad, 1 7 6 Gr e av e s , J o h n , g r o cer , 26 6, 28 2 Gr e en M ar k e t , 8 9 , 1 0 2 G r e e n l an e , 1 4 4 , 1 4 6 , 1 5 8 , 202 G r e en l an e w o r k s , 1 44 i c k s lay , 7 5 G r e en 85 P G r e e n Ro b e r t , 1 5 0 G r e e n hill m o o r , 1 5 4 G re g o ry , c h e e s e m o n g er , 89 G r e g o r y , J am e s , su r g eo n , 89 G r eg o ry , J o s h u a, 6 7
I ND E
G ren o s id e , 40 , 6 3 , 2 8 1 G re y H o rs e , 7 0 G re yh o u n d , 1 1 2 , 20 5 G r iffi th s , Ri ch ar d , 1 2 9 G r iffi th s , Ri c h ar d , p o s t m as t e r , 8 6 G ri m e s th o r p e , 1 5 6 , 1 6 1 , G r i m e s th o r p e ro ad , 1 4 8 , 2 22
Gr i n d e r s ,
fo r
p ro t e cti o n o f 2 48 G r i n dl e g at e 1 7 9 G r o u t p o rr i dg e 1 8 1 ,
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H an gin g b an k g ar d e n s
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98
H ar dcas tl e s e xt o n 1 5 6 H ar dcas tl e Th o m as 7 5 H ardy A n d r e w A ll en ,
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1 72
c or o n e r ,
H ar dy
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f ur n it u r e m ak e r ,
132
H ay n es Rev Th o s H ay w o o d B r am l ey .
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25 0
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G ai n s f o r d, 2 33
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1 79 e a d, s a er, 74 H at o n s , Th e , 7
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High
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H ar m er l an e 1 4 7 228 H e at o n s Th e (P i ckl e) H ar m er Re v J o h n 1 7 2 1 9 2 1 3 2 22 H ar n ey J u li an 2 7 9 H e bbl e th w ai t e E dw d 4 2 1 2 3 1 7 6 221 H arr i s o n B ro s 85 H o w s o n 2 48 H e bbl e th w ait e Rt 13 2 H arr i s o n G e o rg e t abl e H e e l e y 1 5 3 1 5 6 bl ad e f o r g e r an d l o c al H em m i n g D an i e l i n p r e ach er 1 2 9 v e n t o r o f o v al s hi e l ds H arr i s o n g ar den e r t o 119 L o r d W h arn c li ff e 1 4 9 H en de r s o n H o lli s cr o ft 189 H arri s o n J T 7 6 H arr i s o n Mi s s 4 1 6 4 H en de r s o n Ro b er t 6 9 188 H e n fr e y J o h n 2 4 1 H e ppe n s t all Philip 9 7 H arr i s o n Re v G 3 3 H ar ri s o n Rev M r 2 90 H e w i tt Th o s 3 4 ” a r r H e y T ur k H i s o n S am u e l 6 9 92 H ar ri s o n Th o m as 2 7 H i ck s l an e 1 1 8 1 3 1 1 41 1 6 5 1 9 7 1 99 H i ck s s ti l e 2 1 8 0 H arri s o n W i ll i am 2 29 Hid e s p aw n b r o k e r 1 8 0 H ar t s h e ad 9 1 6 6 8 7 6 High s t re e t 6 0 6 7 7 8 ,
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G r o v e s , R 85 S o n 1 3 2 G r u bb , W illi am , 1 7 3 G u in e a b u y er , 1 1 8 G u i o n , M r , 1 95 , 203 G un n i n g , M atth e w , 22 9, 231 G un n i n g , Th o s , 2 2 9 3 0 G urn e y s , Th e , 1 7 6 7 H ackn e y c o ach e s , 2 6 7 H adfie ld, G e o r g e , 235 , 25 9 H adfi e ld, G e o r g e , o p t i ci an , 9 6 H adfi e ld, J o s e ph , 23 5 H adfi eld, Ro b er t , 5 2 , 6 0 H adfi e ld, S am u e l , 1 9 6 , 23 5 , 25 9 H agg er , Mr , Wes t b ar, 1 14 H agu e , W i lli am , s ilve r s t am p e r , 1 49 : H all , C h u r ch s t r ee t , 5 4 H all , D r J C , 2 3 8 H all , E d w ar d, 2 7 , 1 7 6 H all , J o h n , 2 7 H all , L i eu t J , 28 2 H all , M I S S , m i s e r , 2 2 6 H all , p o s t m as t e r , 8 6 H all , S am , 6 2 , 224 H all , S am u e l P ark er , 1 1 0 H all am , 1 3 1 H all am s hi r e H o t e l , 7 3 H all am s hi re s t an d ar d o f l o n g m e as u re , 5 2 H allcar , 1 0 2 , 1 5 1 , 1 6 1 H allcar l an e , 1 5 2 H allcar w o o d , 1 5 6 , 1 6 1 H am mo n d , Rev J o h n , 1 75 H an co ck s , H e n ry , 8 2 H an dl ey , c o w k ee p er , 2 2 1 H an dl ey , M ary , 1 02 , 2 48 .
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H an o ver s t ree t g ard en s
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315
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App ar at u s
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X
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7 9 , 1 45 , 1 46 , 1 6 4 , 2 7 9 , 3 00 H ar v e s t lan e , 1 5 , 6 0 , 1 2 7 , 1 3 0 , 1 46 , 1 5 1 , 1 60, 1 61 H arw o o d , J o h n , M D , 3 1 H ar w o o d 85 T h o m as , 1 3 7 2 1 3 , 2 47 H as le h u r s t , D av id , 2 44 H as le h u r s t , H an 85 S o n , 9 , 3 00 ’ H at fi e ld s n u r s e r y , 1 5 2 H at h ard, B u ck , 1 3 0 H ath er s age , 40 H aw k e , J o h n , 1 4 1 H aw k e , S am ue l , 5 H aw k s l e y , C h ar l e s , 6 0 H aw k s le y , G 85 J W , 18 9 H aw k s l ey , J o h n , 1 8 9, 1 90 H aw k s w o r th , G eo , 7 0 , 159 ’ H aw k s wo r t h s y ar d , 7 0 , 71 ” a h P o a n d H aw le t t e es, 232 H aw l ey cr o ft , 1 8 6 , 247 H anw o rth , s urg e o n , 23 , 1 7 2 , 2 32 Hay, wi n e m erch an t , 2 5 0 .
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1 0 4, 1 5 9, 2 42 , 2 7 0 H i g h fi e ld, 1 4 7 , 1 5 3 , 1 6 2 , 241 , 2 5 0 H i ll , B i lly , 2 2 1 H i ll , Ro w l an d , 2
H i ll
S am u e l , c l o c k m ak er , 1 9 6 H i ll f o o t , 1 47 , 1 5 6 Hill s , Th e 1 61 Hi n de , H , 1 6 7 H i n chl i ff e , B , 1 49 , 1 9 2 H i n ch li ff e , co n s t ab le an d p u bli c an , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 H i n chl i ff e , G W , 1 0 Hi n c hl i ffe , Ro b ert , 1 1 4 H i n c hli ff e , T C , 1 43 , ,
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3 04
Hir s t Th o m as 1 41 Hi r s t s s ch o o l 1 4 1 H o b s o n D i cky 9 6 H o b s o n Jo h n 2 22 H o b s o n J o n ath an 2 70 H o dgki n s o n Ralph dr u ggi s t 9 3 H o dg s o n D r 5 3 H o dgs o n G en eral 28 1 H o dg s o n J o h n 5 3 H o dg s o n Ro wl an d 2 41 ,
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316
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H o dg s o n s t r e e t 2 5 4 H o dg s o n s F o lly 5 3 ,
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H o fi an d, M r s , 7 5 1 5 7 H o lb err y , S am , C h ar ti s t , 2 77 , 2 79
H o ld en ,
H ow ar d hill 3 6 H o w ar d s t r e e t Ch ap e l
I r e l an d , Th e j um p er , 2 0 5 I ri s , Th e , 1 1 , 7 1 , 1 0 1 ,
t h m ak er
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G eo r g e , 1 24 G e o C al v er t , , 1 1 9 1 24 H o ll an d , A m o s , 9 5 , 14 9 H o ll an d , J o h n , 1 7 3 H o ll an d , J o h n , 4, 23 , 2 4, 46 , 5 8 , 7 1 , 94 , 1 24 , ,
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2 8 , 5 2 , 9 8 , 1 7 3 , 203 , 23 4 7 , 2 5 6 -7 o w ar s r e e , 5 1 , 23 4 o w ar , en r , 2 28 , 2 6 6
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265
H o ll an d H o ll an d
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H d t t H d H y H o w ar d J o h n p ri s o n phil an th ro pi s t 9 0 H o w ar d L o rd 2 7 4 8 H o w ar d S tir lin g 74 H o w ar d Th o m as 7 4 7 5 H o w ard W i lli am 7 4 H o w lde n Ri ch ar d 1 8 9 H o yl an d E d w ar d 3 4 H o yl an d ir o n m er ch an t ,
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1 68
H o ll an d J o h n pere 9 5 H o yl an d J o n ath an H o ll an d (Mr s D u n n ) 1 9 b ru s h m ak er 1 7 7 2 5 3 Ho llan d Ro b t p u bl i can H o yl an d Wm Ch ur ch s t r ee t 7 7 H o lli s cro f t 1 8 8 1 9 1 H o yl e L aw y e r 1 3 5 144 Ho lli s s (o r B r o w n ) H o s 20 6 pit al 1 1 1 1 90 H u ds o n 8: Cl ark e 1 2 9 H o lly s t re e t 1 5 6 2 6 1 H u ll ett Th e 2 48 H o ly gr e en 1 5 5 H un t fl o u r de al er 8 9 H o ly Mr 2 6 0 Hu n t er E d w i n 1 8 8 H o ly Wilkin s o n 85 Co H un t er Re v J o s e ph ,
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4 6 , 1 7 0 , 2 1 7 , 2 42 4 , 249 , 28 7 8 , 3 0 4 , 3 0 5 -
H o l m e s W illi am 2 3 1 H o m f r ay B ev il 7 8 1 0 7
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3 05
H u t c hi n s o n c o ach m ak e r 1 0 3 2 5 1 2 5 4 H u t chi n s o n W m 2 5 1 H u tt o n M adam 1 8 4 Hy am t ail o r 7 1 Hy de C h r i s t o ph e r 2 2 1 Hy de P ar k 1 4 7 ,
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H o mf r ay
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S h effield Week ly J o u rn al, 7 8 9 ” o n H es t Jo h n , 1 9 1 , 268 H o o l e , B ar b ar a, 1 5 7 H o o l e , F r as , 1 68 H o o l e , H e n ry E lli o tt , 1 , 1 95 H o rr abi n B r o th er s , 1 9 3 H o rs e Dyk e , 1 5 3 H o r s fi e ld f am ily , 9 1 , 1 4 3 , 15 8 H o r s l e y , S am u e l , 2 1 6 H o s pit al Ch ap e l , 2 2 7 H o s pit al f o r Wo m e n , 1 6 8 H o s pit al , Th e o ld S h r e w s b u ry , 2 2 8 H o t b r e ad, T o m m y , 1 1 2 , 25 6 H o u lt , D am e , 1 8 5 H o u lt , Ro b o th am 85 Co , 1 37 H o u n s fi e lds , o f P o n d h i ll, H o u s e , an Old S h effie ld , 306 H o vey , d r ap er, 98 , 1 1 0 s
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I b bi t t , W m 246
I bb o t s o n Wo rk s
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7 5 , 1 9 6 , 20 6 ,
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G lo b e
of
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1 98 I bb o t s o n , W m , 1 2 3 , 1 9 8 , 20 3 I bo t s o n , Ge o , 3 7 I m p r o v e m en t Co m m i s s i o n er s , 2 1 9 I n ce , Ri c h d , 1 14 I n ce , T N , 1 1 4 I n dep en den t , S h efi e ld, 7 2 , 1 0 4, 1 0 9 , 1 1 9 , 1 6 0 , ,
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J ack s o n S u s an n a 2 2 8 J ack s o n Th o s 42 J ack s o n Willi am S h e af I s l an d 1 3 0 J ail s t re e t 1 5 5 2 5 3 Jam e s Ri ce p o s t m as t er
6 0 , 6 8 , 1 08 ,
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,
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86
J e ev e s G eo 2 5 2 J e e ve s G eo 85 S o n 2 5 1 J eh u l an e 2 1 3 J en n er Dr 1 9 7 J e n n i n g s D r D av id 2 49 J e n n i n g s M r F arg at e ,
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ro a
l J h
t k
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26 6
J e n n i n g s Ne ddy J e r ich o 203 2 0 6 J e r u s al e m 2 22 ,
113 20 9
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J er vi s e s , Th e , 1 8 7 J e s s e , o f G re n o s id e , 6 2 J es s o p , Ri ch d 85 Wm , 20 7 Jes s o p, W m , 1 5 3 ’ J e w s S y n ag o gu e , 1 6 8 .
.
.
J o b s o n M r Ro s c o e pl ac e 1 44 J o h n Ki n g i n Sh effield .
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70
J o h n s o n D avid 6 J o h n s o n F ar g at e 2 6 4 J o h n s o n Je m m y d ru m ,
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m er , 9 6 J o lli e , Re v
Jo n ath an
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Ti m o thy 7 9 Bli n d 1 6 7 ,
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1 71
J o n e s Bill b e adl e 2 2 4 J o n e s C aes ar 7 5 J o n e s J o h n d rap er 8 0 ,
,
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,
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89
1 44 ng e o s u a, 1 49 I n kb o t t le , 2 49 n n o c en , o n, 6 I n a e , Th e , 6 1 , 1 4 7
I
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264 I n fi r m ary
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I r i s h C ro s s , 2 , 1 0 7 I ro n b ridg e , 2 24 I s l e , Th e , 1 1 2 J ack s o n , A r th u r , 5 3 J ack s o n , H en ry , 5 3 , 6 0 , 2 2 7 , 28 7 8 J ac k s o n , J o h n , 3 4 J ac k s o n , J o h n n y , 1 8 1 J ack s o n , L i eu t T B , 28 2 J ac k s o n , Ni ch o l as , 5 8 ,
t J h
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J u s ti ce F igu re ,
87
Kay,
or
Ke an Ke at s
,
Key
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of,
J am e s
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85 , 82
C h arl es , 2 3 9 ’ E ati n g h o u s e , 1 7 -
3 18
I ND E
X
.
Mit ch e ll W ith e r s 43 M e ad ow s t re et 7 5 M e al t u b s i n M ark et 8 4 M o n tg o m er y J am e s 7 1 2 2 0 22 23 2 4 5 6 M ech an i c s I n s tit ut e -
New b ou ld , S amu el, 26 0
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1 2 2 , 2 47
M e c h an i cs L ib rar y
1 7,
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1 9 et s eq , 1 0 1 , 1 2 6 M eers b ro o k , 3 4 , 1 5 4 .
M e e ti n g H o us e l an e 1 6 9 M e ggitt Wm F arg at e ,
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2 65
M ellan ds Th e 1 6 5 ,
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M e ll o n H arr i e t D u ch e s s o f S t A lb an s ,
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H en r y
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M e llu i s h Wm
1 0 3 , 1 49 rs , 1 0 e rc an s M er cur y, S h efii eld , 9 4 1 1 7 , 2 44 , 2 6 3 , 3 0 6 1 30, 1 76 e rr , Geo , e o s m , 7 2 , 2 5 1 , 2 64 c w a e, B , 1 5 1 e
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M ill M th di Mi kl th it Mi ckl e th w ait e .
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6 0 , 7 2 , 7 6 , 94, 1 0 1 , 1 0 4 , 1 46 , 1 5 9 , 1 8 1 , 1 9 7 , 2 2 1 , 2 22 , 2 3 7 , 2 79 , 2 8 7 , 2 9 1 , 3 0 5 ’ M o n tg o m ery s f un e ral , 25
tl er
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M o o re
Midl an d
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23 2
Midl an d
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p er
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Middl e t o n
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Mil i ti a 5 2 Mill S an ds 1 1 2 Milk s t r e e t 9 4 2 47 Mill er c h e m i s t 1 2 9 Mill er Re v J o s e ph A u gus t u s 1 7 5 Mil n e r J C 3 4 M i ln er J o h n 1 5 1 20 4 ,
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M o r p e th L o rd
1 M o r t o n , s i lv erplat er , 1 9 5 , 2 45 M o s b o r o u gh , 1 4 4 M o u n t Pl e as an t , 1 6 2 M o u n t Z i o n C h ap e l , 1 2 9 , 1 3 0 , 2 0 3 , 24 7 ,
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M o w b r ay s t r e e t M o w er 85 P e ar s o n 1 8 0 M o z l e y s cu lpt o r 2 6 6 M u d di m an b o o t m ak er ,
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2 38
Miln er W P 3 4 Mil n e s J am e s Th o rn e s Ho u s e 1 64 Milt o n L o r d 1 Mi s t re s s Cu tl e r 5 7 6 6 .
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M i t ch ell,B r i gh t m o r e , 4 3 , 1 95
Mit ch e ll Mit c h e ll
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Mrs
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N ew s s h e e t s 2 6 8 N ew t o n B ro ad l an e 203 N e w t o n C am p o l an e 5 N e w t o n F m e rch an t
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15 4
N e w t o n gr o cer 8 2 N i ch o l as E m p e ro r 5 4 N i ch o l s o n J o s e ph 7 5 Ni ch o l s o n m ar k e t g ar ,
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de n er , 8 9
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Re v
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Jo h n H o p e
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7 2 , 7 4,
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1 12, 160 M u n de lla, A J 1 M us c ro f t , t abl e bl ad e f o r g er , 2 48 M us h ro o m H all , 1 46 N adin , W m , 1 7 1 , 2 6 6 N adin , W m c u tl er , 48 ’ N ag s H e ad , 2 13 N ail , fi rs t cu t i n S h e f fi e ld , 1 3 0 N am e ch an gin g , 1 5 9 N api e r , S i r C h ar l e s , 2 7 0 N ayl o r , Re v B en j am i n , 1 97 , 2 5 0 N ayl o r , Ro b er t , 3 1 N ayl o r , V i ck ers 85 Co , 1 1 1 , 25 1 Ne e p s en d , 1 46 , 147 , 1 5 1 , 15 7 N el s o n i n n , 1 7 1 N el s o n , M r , s u r ge o n , 6 0 N eth e r C h ap e l , 5 9 , 1 04, 1 0 8 , 1 7 0 , 2 42 7 , 2 5 6 25 7 .
.
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Ne th er
H all am W o rk
h o us e 1 6 2 N ew b o u ld Capt T 2 8 2 N ew b o uld fam ily 2 5 6 New bou ld l an e 1 6 2 .
,
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94
M ui r
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43 , S am l , 3 1 , 43 , 2 3 3 , 28 2 , 2 8 7-8 ,
S h e ffie ld ,
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Ni ch o l s o n W m M as t er Cu tl er 2 1 8 N i c h o l s o n s Th e o f D ar n all 203 2 1 6 2 1 7
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Middl e t o n J oh n
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305
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Middl e t o n b u t ch er 8 8 Middl e t o n E dw b ak er
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N e w s p ap er s
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21 3
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M u lb erry s t r ee t
Rail w ay , 2 22 ,
N e w h all s t re e t 1 1 0 New H ay m ar k e t 22 7 N ew M ar k e t h all 2 1 5 New s t r e e t 1 1 6 1 1 8 1 69 , 1 70
J o n t h n , 1 28 M o o rfi e lds , 1 44 Mo o r H e ad 1 5 3 , 1 5 4 ,
1 76
2 31
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42 , 9 0
M e ll o n Mi ch ael 1 24 M e ll o n S ar ah 1 2 4 M e ll o r r o p e m ak er 1 5 5 ,
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0
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1 24 M ello n , Rev 1 26 , 2 90
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New cas tl e s t , 1 9 6 , 1 9 9 New C h u r ch s t ree t , 1 43 , 2 1 5 , 2 64 Ne w H all , 1 5 7 , 1 6 1
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Ni ddle t y No d,
Ni eld s ’
h ir e
Pr i s o n s
of
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66
Y o rk
6 4, 9 0 , 9 1 N o dde r , J o h n , 1 7 1 N o dd e r , W ill i am , 1 7 7 N o r fo lk b r idg e , 1 46 N o rf o lk , D u k e o f , 2 6 6 No r f o lk r o w , 2 49 , 2 6 5 , 28 0 N o r fo lk s t re e t , 1 7 , 5 9 , 7 2 , 7 5 , 1 49 , 1 7 2 , 2 1 3 , s
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N o r f o lk s t Ch ap e l 1 9 2 N o rr i s Fi e ld 1 4 0 N or ri s S am u e l We s t ,
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b ar , 1 1 4
No rr i s ,
Th o s Wes tb ar .
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1 14
N or th
C h u rc h s t r ee t , 1 1 3 , 1 6 8 , 1 76 N o r th s t r e e t , 1 1 9 No r t h all, p ri n t er , 94 , 3 0 6 N o r th u m b er l an d r o ad , 1 46 , 1 5 6 No r t o n , 4 0 , 28 8 N o rto n L e es , 7 9 No w i ll, High s t r e e t , 5 , 71, 15 0 No w 1 11 85 S o n s , 1 8 0 Nu r s er y , 1 1 0 , 1 6 0 , 2 23 Oak s g re en , 2 23
I NDE
Oak e s , E dw ar d,W e s t b ar, 1 1 5 , 1 1 6 , 1 40 , 2 2 4 O ak e s , J o s e ph , 3 1 O at e s , F r an ci s , 2 2 0 O at e s , G eo , 1 42 , 2 2 1 Oat e s Th o m as , H ar t s .
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h e ad 1 1 O at e s Ald Th o m as 22 1 Ob o rn e W alt er 3 7 O B ri en G i an t 1 08 O ccu p at i o n ro ad 22 1 O gl e Ri c h ar d 3 1 Old B an k 1 6 6 O ld B arr ack T av e rn 1 6 7 O ld B r i c k h o u s es 2 6 6 ,
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Old C arr , 2 2 1 O ld C h e r ry T r e e , 1 44 Old C h urc h , 4 6 , 4 7 , 6 3 , 1 26 , Old C h urc h s t e e pl e , 5 0 Old C h u r c hy ar d , 4 6 , 5 8 , 1 43 , 1 6 9 , 2 5 3 Old C o ff e e h o u s e , 1 38 Old H ay m ar k et , 2 1 3 ” 20 3 O ld P ac kth r e ad , Old P ar k W o o d , 1 6 1 , 20 8 Old Re d H o u s e , 2 6 3 Old T an k ar d , 1 28 O pti ci an , Th e fi r s t , 9 7 Orc h ar d pl ac e , 5 5 O r c h ar d s t r e e t , 2 60, 265 , 269 O r ch ar ds , 1 5 2 O s t liff , S am u e l , 1 7 3 O tl e y , Ri ch ar d , 2 7 9 O tt e r s i n t h e D o n , 1 5 7 O u t r am , High s t r e e t , 6 9 , 7 3 , 1 99 O v er en d, G u rn e y , 85 Co , 46 Ov er en d H all , 44 4 6 , 3 0 0 O ver en d, J o h n , 45 O ve r en d, W i ll i am , 3 4, 4 5 , 57 O ve r e n d, W il s o n , 60 , 2 69 , 2 9 8 O w e n , H e n ry , s o li cit o r , .
.
-
233
O w en , J o h n , m alt s t er , 1 71 O w e n , Mr , d r ap er , 7 1 , 1 48 O w e n , Ri c h ar d 4 9 O w en , Ro bt 4 O w lert o n , 1 5 6 O xl e y , Mr , Ro th erh am , 2 74 .
.
X
19
.
P ack h or s e ro ad 1 6 2 P ack h o r s es 9 9 1 3 9 1 40 P adle y S am u e l 1 49 P adl e y W illi am b r as s c as t e r 9 6 P ag e H all 1 41 1 6 4 2 1 6 -
,
-
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P alfr eym an L u k e ,
31,
,
1 66, 1 70
P ar adi s e s q u ar e
1 5
6 4,
-
,
,
71 , 1 3 1 , 1 76 , 2 69 , 3 0 4 P ar i s h , Rev Mr , 4 P ar k l an e , 1 6 2 P ar k , S h e ffi e l d, 2 1 1 , 2 48 P ar k er , A d am s o n 85 Jo h n , 1 70 P ark e r , B ro w n 85 ar k er, 5 3 P ar k e r , H u gh , 2 0 7 , 2 14 , 2 70 , 2 7 4 P ark e r , Re v F r an k , 6 1 , 1 7 0 , 25 2 P ar k er , Rt H o n J o h n , 2 6 3 , 3 08 P ark er , S h o r e 85 C o , 1 0 72, 1 66 P ark er , Th o s J am e s , 3 1 P ark er , W illi am , 244 .
.
P
.
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.
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P ar ki n B e n j am i n S co t l an d s t re e t 1 8 0 P arki n M e s s rs High s t r ee t 7 5 P ark i n M r C am p o l an e 2 7 P ark i n 85 M ar s h all 2 3 4 P ar kw o o d S p r i n g s 6 0 P at ern o s t er ro w 2 3 1 P att en M i s s 2 5 6 P att e s o n A le x 2 3 2 P atti n s o n Th o s 7 7 F aw s o n 85 B r ai l s f o r d 6 7 P axt o n S i r J o s e ph 1 49 Pe a cr o ft 1 7 7 1 8 0 1 8 6 P e ace S am l 85 C h ar l e s ,
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1 80
Phil ade lphi a 1 44 1 6 2 Philipp s R N 3 4 Pi ckfo r d H enr y 1 96 ,
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2 90 , 2 9 6 9 c e , Th e , 1 9 , 1 8 9 , 2 2 2 , 271 i ck s lay , e 85 e r r am , 7 6 , 2 4 7 , 2 8 2 er s o n , o o s e er , 9 3 n o s re e , 4 1 i n s t on e s ree ( in c er c r o t an e ) , 7 1 , 1 1 3 , 2 5 1 , 2 5 3 , 2 6 3 -4 i t s m o o r , 1 20 , 1 5 2 , 1 6 1 ’ s ea , 81 a s, Sa 1 28 , -
Pi kl
P A ppl by B t Pi b k ll Pi f ld t t P t t P h f l
P Pitt d th Pl tt lly P o l ack Je w e ll er 6 9 Po n d h ill 23 2 P o n d s t re e t 1 5 8 2 1 8 ,
,
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228 2 3 2 -
P o o l pl ac e 2 6 1 P o ppl e w e ll c u rri er 1 2 8 P o rt r J o h n 74 Po r t er J o h n T ayl o r 7 4 P o rt er (Th o m as ) an d N ew t o n 9 1 9 3 P o r t er riv er 1 5 3 Po r t er s t 1 5 3 1 7 9 2 5 1 Po r t m ah o n 1 46 2 0 6 P o r t o b e ll o 5 3 1 5 4 1 5 5 ,
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2 3 7 , 2 6 4, 3 0 6
Po s t
Offi ce , 6 7 , 7 2 , 7 6 ,
P o t at o r i o t s 2 1 4 P o tt er H an n ah 2 6 2 P o tt e r J o h n B eight o n ,
,
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,
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1 65
P o tt s Dr u m M aj o r 2 8 0 Pre s t M e s srs 73 Pr e s t o n R ev M atth e w ,
,
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1 68
Pr e t e n de r
Th e
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yo un g
,
1 9 , 2 22 Pr i c e , E d w ar d , 22 6 Pr i n t er s , E ar ly S h e f fi eld, 7 8 , 7 9 , 1 0 7 . 3 0 4 ‘
P e arc e Jo s e ph 1 3 2 2 93 Pr i o r g at e P r i o ry o r Pr i o r r o w 7 0 P e arce J o s e ph j u n r 7 6 Pr o ct o r an d B ei lby o p P e ar s o n J o h n 1 5 2 P e ar s o n Th o m as 1 6 t i ci an s 9 4 Pe e ch S am l A n g e l i n n Pr o c t o r dr ap er 2 6 0 P ubli c H o s pit al an d 98 9 9 1 0 1 P e c eh W i lli am 1 02 D i s p e n s ar y 1 5 4 2 5 5 Pe e ch s c i s s o r m ak er 1 3 0 P um p s T o w n 1 1 9 1 2 7 P en i s t o n e 2 46 2 63 P e n i st o n e ro ad 144 1 6 1 Pye B an k 1 46 1 6 1 2 24 P e o pl e s C o ll e g e 2 3 5 Pye Rev J o h n 1 04 P ep p er all ey 2 6 6 ,
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,
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3 20
Pye
-
I NDE
S m ith
W ight
an d
m an , 8 Pye S m ith , li am 1 0 5 -
J o h n W il
2 48
C o rn er , 5 4 , 9, 5 ’ Q u ak e r s B u r i al Gro un d , 1 96
Q in t h e Q u ak e r s
Q uak er s M e etin g H o u s e ’
Q uee n
.
Reve l f am ily 85 e s t at e s , 76 Rev e ll , No r f o lk s t re e t ,
,
168
X
,
Re v ill , M o lly , 1 28 Rh o des , E b e n e z er , 1 09 ,
t
t
,
1 68 ,
23 ,
1 7 2 , 1 77 , 2 3 2
Q ue en
S t re e t C h ap e l , 2 , 6 9 , 9 8 , 1 1 4, 1 3 0 , 1 7 0, 1 7 2 , 1 9 2 , 2 1 6 , 2 3 3 , 2 46 , 2 9 6 Q ue e r , J e m m y , 1 1 4 R adf o r d , C h ar l e s , 3 1 Radfo r d r o w , 5 1 Radfo r d s t r e e t , 1 8 4 , 20 6
R adl e y , d ru ggi s t , 8 0 R am s ay , 6 9 , 2 6 6 R an M o o r , 1 3 1 , 203 Rat cli fi e , A dj u t an t , 28 0 Ratt en bu ry , R ev J , 7 1 Raw s o n , M o lly , 8 4 Raw s o n , T h o m as , 8 , 5 6 , 22 9 , 2 3 1 Raw s o n , Th o m as 85 C o , 23 2 Raw s o n s , o f P ag e Gr e av e , 1 65 Ray, J am e s , Rayb o u ld , Mi c h ae l , 1 0 9 Ray n er 85 T u r n e r , 1 7 2 R ayn o r , Th o m as , C hi e f C on s t abl e , 3 4, 2 7 8 Re ad , J o h n , A tt e r cli ff e , .
.
.
Re d C r o f t , 4 1 Red Hill , 1 5 4 , 1 8 8 , 1 9 3 , 1 95 Re d hill S un d ay s ch o o l, 1 28
R e e c e , Re v J , 2 3 6 R e e dal, G ab ri e l , 5 3 , 22 7 R e g e n t s t re e t , 1 5 5 R eg i s t er , Th e S h efi e ld, 1 2 , 5 0 , 6 6 , 3 05 R ei n d e er t av ern , 2 1 5 R e li q u a r y, Th e , 1 2 5 R en i lo w e , s c u lpt o r , 2 3 8 R en n i e , h o s i e r , 2 6 5 R e n w i ck , Or ch ar d s t r ee t , 2 65 Re s urr e c ti o n r i o t , 2 6 8 Re s urr ecti o n i s t s , 3 00 304 .
.
,
fi eld, 2 5 5
Ro s e , B e n j , 1 02 , 1 1 1 Ro s e , Th o s , 1 5 5 Ro s e , T o m m y , 5 5 , 1 3 9 Ro s s , f o r t u n e t e ll e r , 1 5 1 R o s s i , s c u lpt o r , 1 02 Ro t h e r am s , Th e , o f D r o n fi e ld, 1 6 3 Ro th e rh am , 2 7 2 Ro th e r h am C o ll e g e , 2 90 1 Ro un d ab o u t h o u s e , 9 3 Ro u n d 85 S o n , 2 3 9 R o w b o th am g ro c e r 1 8 8 Ro y al h o t e l , 2 1 5 , 2 6 4 Ro y al O ak , 9 1 1 1 4 Ro yd ’s M i ll , 9 7 , 1 6 1 , 22 2 R un co r n , b e ar w ar d , 20 9 Ru s s e ll s t r e e t 1 4 4 S al e , D r , 2 8 9 ’ S am H all s p ar lo u r , 6 2 S an de r s o n C h as , 1 9 0 S an d e r s o n 9 s t e e l w r k s .
.
Rh o d e s , Mr s E b en ez er , 58 Rh o d es , Rev J o s i ah , 25 8 Ri c h ar d s 85 S o n , 7 9 , 8 0 Ri dal Ch ar l e s , d rap er , .
.
s re e
Ro o m , W illi am 1 7 3 Ro s c o e pl ace , 1 44 , 1 5 3 , 1 6 1 , 2 9 0 , 2 94 Ro s e an d C ro w n , High
Ri dg ar d 85 B e n n e t , 6 9 Ri dg ar d, E z r a, 6 9 Ridg e , G e o r g e , 7 2 , 9 3 , 1 49 Ril ey (85 P arki n ) , 7 5 Ri m i n gt o n , E li z ab e th
(M rs
.
T u d o r)
2 41 25 0
Ri m i n gt o n , M r Ri m i n gt o n 85 Yo u n g e , 6 9 Ri m m e r , F ath e r , 2 6 5 Rin g di al s , 9 6 Ri n g i n glo w , 4 8 , 1 5 4 Ri o t s , 2 6 8 , 2 7 2 , 2 7 9 Ri ve li n , 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 Ri v e li n f o re s t , 5 9 Ro b er t s 85 B e lk , 2 3 4 Ro b er t s , S am u el , 3 1 Ro b er t s , S am u el, s en r , 4 7 , (au t o bi o gr aphy ) , 99 , 1 2 6 1 6 9 , 23 2 , 2 5 6 , 2 62 , 2 68 Ro b er t s o n , J e mm y , 2 3 8 Ro bin s o n , Ri ch d 6 7 , 6 9 Ro c k s t r e e t , 1 5 2 , 1 6 1 Ro c ki n gh am , M ar q u i s o f , 25 5 Ro c kin gh am s t r ee t an d l an e , 1 9 6 , 1 99 , 2 0 2 , 25 5 , 2 60 Ro dg e r s , J o s e ph 85 S on s , 9 4, 1 8 6 , 2 4 7 Ro dg e r s , P au l , 1 6 Ro dg er s , Ro b ert , s o li ci t o r , 9 3 , 1 7 2 , 20 7 Ro b u ck , Ro g er , 5 9 Ro e b u ck , cu rr i e r , 1 0 8 Ro e b u c k , D r , 5 8 Ro e b u c k , J A , 1 2 ’ Ro e b u c k s B an k , 9 , 5 8 Ro g er s , G e o r g e , 1 0 9 Ro lli n s o n , Ro b e r t , 4 7 , 8 0 Ro lli n s o n , Th o m as , 8 0 Ro n i an C ath o li c Ch ap e l , 2é 5 .
,
.
,
.
-
.
.
-
-
-
,
,
,
-
,
.
.
S an d s p av i o u r s , 1 3 6 S an dy s , G e o , m ur d e rer , .
113
Th o s
S an s o m ,
.
85 S o n ,
2 48
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