The Fame of a Dead Man\'s Deeds

The Fame of a Dead Man’s Deeds: An Up-Close Portrait of White Nationalist William Pierce

by Robert S. Griffin

Copyright © 2001, Robert S. Griffin All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced in any form without the written consent of the author.

ISBN 0-7173-7845-4

Cattle die, and kinsmen die, And so one dies oneself; One thing I know that never dies: The fame of a dead man’s deeds. --Pre-Christian Norse poem.

To my parents, Walter and Helen Griffin

CONTENTS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Preface • i Introduction • 1 First Contact • 17 Early Life • 26 George Bernard Shaw, et al. • 43 Adolf Hitler • 61 The John Birch Society • 80 George Lincoln Rockwell • 84 The National Alliance • 112 Revilo P. Oliver • 128 The Turner Diaries • 143 Pierce on The Turner Diaries • 155 Timothy McVeigh • 161 Our Cause • 167 Cosmotheism • 178 Alexander Solzhenitsyn • 198 Bob Mathews • 202 To West Virginia • 217 Hunter • 223 Pierce on Hunter • 238 William Gayley Simpson • 244 World War II • 258 Pierce and Jews • 282 Racism and Hate • 315 Schooling • 324 Men and Women • 337 The New World Order • 353 Pierce’s Vision • 368 The Leadership Conference • 382 Last Contact • 397 Acknowledgments • 400 Notes • 401

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PREFACE It was a little after 7:00 p.m. on one of the pleasant summer evenings I had come to expect in the mountains of West Virginia. I was waiting f o r William Pierce in his cluttered, book-lined office in the National Alliance headquarters building. I had been living in this remote area on Pierce’s property for over two weeks at that point. When I had come to his office a couple of minutes before, I was surprised to find that Pierce wasn’t t h e r e . We were well into a series of interviews I was conducting with him in t h e evenings, and he’d always been here when I arrived. I assumed t h a t something had held him up and that he would be along in a minute or two. I set up my tape recorder and went over the notes I had put t o g e t h e r about the areas I wanted to explore during that night’s session. I had just finished going through my notes when out of the corner of my eye I saw someone come in through the door to the left of where I w a s seated. It wasn't Pierce but rather his new wife, with Pierce right b e h i n d her. That surprised me; always before, Pierce had been alone. “Bob, could you and I talk after you talk with Bill?” Pierce’s wife s a i d in her halting, heavily-accented English and in her polite and gentle w a y . She had come from Eastern Europe to West Virginia less than a y e a r before. She and Pierce had not met before she came, and after she w a s here only a month they married. Pierce’s wife is an attractive woman of about fifty I would guess, with auburn hair and very fair skin. She h a d taught art to children in her native country. I was taken by her calling him "Bill." She was the only one who lived or worked on the property w h o did. To everyone else, including me, he was Dr. Pierce. She seemed o n edge about something. She was usually smiling and upbeat, but not now. “Oh, why don’t you two talk now,” Pierce interjected gruffly. "You don't have to wait until later." With that, Pierce’s wife sat down on the nearest of a row of chairs that face Pierce’s desk. I was seated a couple of chairs away from the o n e she sat on. Pierce went around his desk and took a seat behind it. There we were, the three of us. It was silent for a moment. T h e r e was tension in the air, but I had no idea what it was about. Pierce’s wife turned and faced me. "I have something to ask of you,” she said. She seemed shaken. “Is there something wrong?” I asked.

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“I’m afraid,” she replied. “Afraid?” “Bill gets letters from people who say they are going to kill him. I was here for four months before I knew that. I didn’t know that!” “You do look frightened,” I said. “I’ve asked Bob [Bob DeMarais, an aide to Pierce] if something happens to Bill to help me return to my country.” I didn’t know what to say, and up to that point Pierce hadn’t s a i d anything. “In your book,” she continued, “please don’t use my name or s a y where I am from. And please don’t show my picture. I am a f r a i d something will happen to me if people know who I am.” I said I didn’t want to see her afraid like this, and that I would u s e some other name for her, and that I wouldn’t say what country she w a s from or use her picture. “Thank you,” she said. “That is very nice of you.” At this point, still seated, she dipped her hand into her pants pocket and pulled out a pistol. I jumped. “I carry this everywhere I go,” she s a i d as she held the gun neck high in her right hand to display it to me. I was speechless and stared at the gun. “Don't be waving that gun around, it’s loaded!” Pierce barked. “You maybe think it is silly I have a gun,” she said to me, the pistol now in her lap. “But Bill wears a gun all the time. He has it right next t o him when he goes to sleep.” As a matter of fact, Pierce had a holstered weapon strapped to h i s waist at that very moment--I’d gotten used to that. I reiterated that I would protect her identity. So I will call Pierce’s wife Irena in the book. It is the only name I have changed.

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1 ____________ INTRODUCTION At 9:02 on the morning of April 19th, 1995, the front half of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was demolished by an e a r t h shaking blast. The building’s imposing columns crumpled and its m a s s i v e windows shattered. The first floor exploded up into the second, and t h e top seven floors of concrete and steel came crashing down one onto t h e other until the roof rested on the level of what had been the third floor. Cables and shorn girders spewed into the street. Gas, smoke, and d u s t clouded the sky. Scores of people, covered in blood, dust, and plaster a n d crying and confused, stumbled out of the building with shards of glass embedded in their skin and their bones broken. One man lay dead in a huge crater next to the building, his body in flames. Another m a n wandered around missing his left arm. A young woman ran back a n d forth screaming, “My baby is in there!”1 The Oklahoma City bombing killed one hundred sixty-eight people, Oklahoma City Police Sergeant L y n n including nineteen children. 2 McCumber helped pull forty-nine bodies from the wreckage. But t h e r e was the face of a boy he had to leave behind that he says haunts him in h i s dreams to this day. Using an infrared camera, McCumber detected t h e shape of a small head and four fingers. He shined his flashlight into a crawl space and saw the open eyes of a child. “I crawled under the r u b b l e and put the child’s head in my hand,” McCumber said later. “And I k n e w he was dead. And there was nothing I could do.”3 At 10:22 that same morning, April 19th, Oklahoma State Highway Patrol Trooper Charlie Hanger, a twenty-year veteran of the force, was driving along his stretch of Interstate 35 when he passed a bright yellow M e r c u r y Marquis without a license plate. The old car, a 1970s model, wasn’t speeding and it wasn’t being driven recklessly; it just had no license plate.4 Hanger slowed down and slipped in behind the Mercury and pulled i t over. As he stepped out of his patrol car and into the cool spring air, h e felt a bit chilly in his short-sleeved brown uniform. The driver’s door of the yellow car parked up ahead swung open, and underneath the o p e n door Hanger saw two lace-up black combat boots drop to the p a v e m e n t . Hanger froze for a moment behind his door, using it as a shield. Fifteen

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miles up the road two weeks before, a motorist had fired a 9 mm at a fellow trooper during a routine traffic stop like this one, and that was f r e s h in his mind. But then the driver of the Mercury up ahead stood up a n d started walking toward him and Hanger could see both his hands. OK. Hanger left his car, and the two men approached each other and m e t halfway between Hanger’s patrol car and the yellow Mercury. The d r i v e r was pale-complexioned and young, in his twenties, and he was dressed in a black windbreaker and faded black jeans. As they stood close t o g e t h e r alongside the highway, Hanger had to look up to meet the eyes of the m u c h taller man. A light wind blew. “I stopped you because you weren’t displaying a tag,” Hanger said. The driver looked back at where the license plate should have b e e n and said that he hadn’t had the car long, and that is why there was no tag. Hanger asked to see the bill of sale. “I don’t have it with me,” the driver replied. Hanger asked to see his driver’s license. The man reached his arm around into his back pocket and pulled o u t a camouflage-colored billfold and slid out his driver’s license and held i t out to Hanger. Hanger took it, but his eyes weren’t on the license. T h e y were riveted on something else: a bulge under the man’s left arm b e n e a t h the partly zipped windbreaker. Hanger told the man to use both hands and slowly open his jacket, and the man started to pull down the zipper the rest of the way. “I have a gun,” he said. “Get your hands up and turn around,” Hanger ordered. When the man turned around, Hanger took out his revolver and h e l d it to the back of the man’s head. “Walk to the back of your car.” “My weapon is loaded,” the man said as they walked toward the car. “So is mine,” said Hanger. When they reached the Mercury, Hanger ordered the man to place his hands on the trunk and spread his legs, and the man complied. Hanger reached around inside the man’s jacket and pulled out a black .45 caliber Glock military assault pistol. In the chamber was a Black Talon “cop killer” bullet which mushrooms when it gets inside someone’s body. In the clip were thirteen rounds of hard-ball, high-velocity ammunition. “I also have a knife,” the man said calmly. He didn’t seem nervous o r angry at all, unlike so many in a situation like this. Hanger removed the knife from its brown leather sheath, handcuffed the man, walked him back to the patrol car, and put him in the p a s s e n g e r seat. The man’s license in hand, Hanger called back to the dispatcher t o check on whether the man, a Timothy James McVeigh, was wanted on a n y outstanding charges or had a criminal history. The dispatcher called b a c k

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and said no. Hanger then asked the dispatcher to check on the Mercury. When the dispatcher called back it was on a cell phone because there w a s so much radio traffic about an explosion down in Oklahoma City. He reported that the previous owners of the car were a couple from Arkansas. Hanger told McVeigh he was taking him in on charges of carrying and transporting a loaded firearm and driving without a license plate a n d read him his Miranda rights. He asked McVeigh if he could search the car, and McVeigh said yes. Hanger left McVeigh in the patrol car and w e n t over to the Mercury and nosed around a bit inside. After that, he c a m e back to McVeigh and told him he had the choice of having the car towed a t his expense or leaving it along the side of the road where it was. Either way, he could retrieve the car when he posted bond. McVeigh said h e didn’t want the car towed. “What about the envelope that’s sealed up on the front seat?” Hanger asked. “Leave it there," McVeigh answered. Of course, Timothy McVeigh was the one. He was sentenced to death f o r planning and committing the biggest domestic terrorist attack in t h i s nation’s history. The huge crater next to the building where the dead m a n lay burning was where a Ryder rental truck McVeigh had loaded w i t h thousands of pounds of explosives had been before it was blown to pieces. His friend from the army, Terry Nichols, was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and conspiring with McVeigh. It all makes sense now, but in the immediate aftermath of t h e bombing very few people thought that someone like McVeigh, a n American, one of us, could be responsible for such a horrible act. Almost everyone just assumed that what had happened in Oklahoma City was t h e work of foreigners, and in particular Islamic terrorists. It had to be that. A truck bomb was their trademark method of attack. Undoubtedly t h e y were angry about United States intervention in Middle East disputes, o r perhaps they were bitter about the Gulf War. And they had done this k i n d of thing before, right here in this country. In February of 1993, just t w o years before, Islamic militants had bombed the World Trade Center i n Manhattan, killing six people and injuring hundreds of others. Typical of the early responses to the bombing was a CBS i n t e r v i e w with former Oklahoma congressman Dave McCarty. McCarty said t h e r e was very clear indication that the Murrah Building bombing was the act of a fundamentalist Islamic group. He pointed out that there had been a PBS documentary called Jihad in America that had talked about the strong presence of Islamic militants in Oklahoma City. And then there were t h e reports coming out of several news organizations that witnesses had s e e n three men who looked to be of Middle East origin driving away from t h e

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Murrah Building just before the explosion. Secretary of State W a r r e n Christopher announced that he was sending Arab language experts t o Oklahoma City to assist in the investigation of the crime.5 Among the few who looked in other directions than abroad for w h o was responsible for the bombing were those who speculated that it could be the work of the Nation of Islam and its leader, the Reverend Louis Farrakhan. Then too, several reporters noted that the bombing came o n the second anniversary of the fiery and deadly conclusion of a standoff between the FBI and the Branch Davidian religious sect in Waco, Texas. Perhaps some of the surviving Branch Davidians were involved i n Oklahoma City. What had happened in Waco began on February 28, 1993 when, w i t h three helicopters hovering above, heavily armed agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms launched what they call a “dynamic entrance” into the Mount Carmel center, a cluster of connected t w o - s t o r y wood buildings standing out in otherwise undeveloped land outside of Waco. The purpose of the BATF action was to serve a s e a r c h - a n d - a r r e s t warrant based on allegations that residents of the center, Branch Davidian members, possessed illegal firearms and were converting semi-automatic rifles into machine guns. Right away, a gun battle ensued. Most people have seen the television footage of BATF agents climbing a ladder to t h e roof next to second-floor windows of one of the buildings and an a g e n t breaking in a window and entering the room. Then bullets can be s e e n coming through the walls from inside the room, and one of the a g e n t s outside is hit and scrambles back down the ladder. The firefight b e t w e e n the BATF and the Davidians ended with the retreat of the BATF force. Four BATF agents had been killed and twenty injured. Six sect members h a d been killed, including a child, and five had been injured. The FBI was brought in and called upon the Davidians to come out of there. The Davidians refused, and a standoff began. The s h o w d o w n between the FBI and the Davidians became a media event: the American public--the whole world--watched the drama unfold on television as d a y s and then weeks went by with still no resolution. The Davidians’ leader, David Koresh, a man in his early thirties with the longish hair a n d unshaven appearance of a lead guitarist in a bar band, became an i n s t a n t celebrity. In the early morning of April 19th, after fifty-one days, the siege suddenly ended. Two specially-equipped Abrams tanks and four Bradley armored vehicles began punching holes in the flimsy structure and firing tear gas into the center in an effort to force the Davidians out. A r o u n d noon, smoke could be seen coming out of the structure, and then it s t a r t e d

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pouring out, and then there were flames and more flames, and then t h e entire center was engulfed in flames like a pile of twigs lit with a match.6 I remember where I was on that April morning in 1993. I w a s sitting alone in an airport waiting for my connecting flight. I looked u p from what I had been reading and my eyes fell on a television set n e a r where I was, and there taking up the whole screen was the image of t h e center ablaze. The sound wasn’t on, or at least I couldn’t hear it, and i t seemed that no one around me was paying any attention. It was o t h e r worldly and ominous somehow: I was by myself and people were r e a d i n g their newspapers and magazines and talking and walking about, and t h e r e was this incredible picture on television, and I knew what it was a n d everything was silent. I remember then flashing back to a movie I h a d seen years before, Apocalypse Now, its last scene, where everything w a s burning. The fire in Waco gutted the Mount Carmel center, reducing it t o ashes. There were no efforts to battle the blaze. Seventy-six Davidians died in the inferno, including Koresh and twenty-five children. 7 And then (we’re still talking about the early speculation about w h o was responsible for the Murrah Building bombing) there was Kenneth Stern. Stern is the American Jewish Committee’s expert on hate and h a t e groups. When the details of the bombing started coming out, an e e r i e feeling came over him. It struck him that what had happened in Oklahoma City was remarkably similar to an incident in a book he knew about. I t was an underground novel called The Turner Diaries. The book had b e e n written back in the 1970s by an anti-Semite and racist who is still active by the name of William Pierce using the pen name Andrew Macdonald. Although few people among the general public had ever heard of the book, it was widely read by white supremacists and militia types. The T u r n e r Diaries describes the racially-motivated terrorist acts of a band of w h i t e American revolutionaries calling themselves the Organization against a corrupt federal government and its supporters referred to in the book a s the System. The novel is made up of diary entries by Earl Turner, a member of the Organization and, eventually, its elite cadre, the Order. T h e incident in the Pierce book that drew Stern’s attention is one in which t h e Organization does immense damage to a federal building--in this case, FBI headquarters in Washington--with a truck full of explosives. The explosive used in the book was a mix of heating oil and ammonium n i t r a t e fertilizer, just like what the government officials said was used to d e s t r o y the Murrah Building. This is just too much of a coincidence, thought Stern.8 Still locked, Timothy McVeigh’s yellow Mercury was put on a flatbed t r u c k and hauled to an FBI warehouse near downtown Oklahoma City. Agents

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used a Slim Jam to pop the door locks. Wearing a Tyvek suit, protective footwear, and a double pair of gloves, Supervisory Special Agent Steven Burmeister picked the sealed envelope off the passenger seat and h a n d e d it to Agent William Eppright of the FBI’s Evidence Response Team. Eppright carried it over to a table that he had cleared away and covered with white sheets of paper. Wearing white gloves, Eppright opened t h e envelope by tearing along one end. He then removed the two stacks of paper, each folded neatly in thirds, inside. A note written in McVeigh’s distinctive backlash style lay on top of the stacks. It said, “Obey t h e Constitution of the United States and we won’t shoot you.”9 Eppright began looking through the contents of the envelope, which turned out to be typewritten sheets of paper and pages from books a n d magazines with sections highlighted with a yellow marker. There was a copy of the Declaration of Independence. There was a clipping which described the Battle of Lexington in t h e American Revolutionary War and told of the tremendous risks people b a c k then took in defying the British. A section had been highlighted t h a t described a coiled rattlesnake “which when left to exist peaceably threatens no one, but when trodden upon strikes as viciously and with a s deadly an effort as any creature on earth.” There was a quotation from American revolutionary figure Samuel Adams that said, “When the Government Fears The People, THERE I S LIBERTY. When the People Fear The Government, THERE IS TYRANNY.” Underneath the quotation McVeigh had written, “Maybe now there will b e liberty.” There was a warning against the present “mania” in this country t o outlaw handguns. There was an article on the siege at Waco from Soldier of Fortune magazine. The title of the article posed the question “Executions or Mercy Killings?” McVeigh had highlighted the word “Executions.” He had also highlighted material from the body of the article: “Army s p o k e s m e n confirmed involvement of Green Berets in training some eighty ATF a g e n t s as part of final preparations for the bloody raid on the Branch Davidians’ religious compound.” “They deployed in a military manner against American citizens. They slaughtered eighty-plus people, committed acts of treason, murder and conspiracy.“ “If the heat gets a little high they’ll throw us some yellow-living piece of shit bureaucrat to quiet us down, b u t all in all, they’ll get away with it.” “This country’s in trouble guys, b a d trouble, and it isn’t coming from any street criminal.” McVeigh h a d slashed streaks of yellow through some phrases: “the foul ashes of Waco,” “power gone mad,” “they backed Lady Liberty into a corner and shot her i n the head,” and “the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, the Gestapo of G-Men.”

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Among the government agencies housed in the Murrah Federal Building was the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. And then there was something else in the material Agent Eppright had pulled from the envelope: photocopies of pages sixty-one and sixtytwo from the novel Kenneth Stern had remembered, The Turner Diaries. These pages contained the fictional revolutionary Earl Turner’s diary e n t r y of November 9th, 1991. In the entry, Turner discusses a mortar attack o n the Capitol Building in Washington by his comrades in the Organization which had killed sixty-one, including two congressmen, one sub-cabinet official, and four or five senior congressional staffers. McVeigh h a d highlighted these sentences from Turner’s diary entry: “The real value of our attacks today lies in the psychological impact, not in the i m m e d i a t e casualties.” “More important, though, is what we taught the politicians a n d the bureaucrats. They learned this afternoon that not one of them is beyond our reach. They can huddle behind barbed wire and tanks in t h e city, or they can hide behind concrete walls and alarm systems at t h e i r country estate, but we can still find them and kill them.” In William Pierce’s novel, The Turner Diaries, the events that set off t h e anti-government terrorist acts of Earl Turner were a series of b r u t i s h government raids on gun owners following the passage of federal legislation outlawing the private ownership of firearms. Turner reacted t o the raids by blowing up a federal building with a fuel-oil and fertilizer bomb concealed in a truck. Not only was the composition of the fictional bomb almost exactly the same as the one McVeigh constructed a n d detonated, it was also almost exactly the same weight. It seems v e r y probable that McVeigh saw parallels between the government raid on t h e Branch Davidians in Waco to enforce anti-gun laws and the gun r a i d s portrayed in The Turner Diaries, and that McVeigh responded to what h e saw as the unwarranted and violent assaults on gun owners in Waco t h e same way that the protagonist in Pierce’s book, Earl Turner, had r e s p o n d e d to the heavy-handed crackdowns on gun owners by agents of the fictional federal government. 1 0 Anti-Defamation League sources have reported that just days b e f o r e the bombing, McVeigh mailed an envelope to his sister in Florida containing copies of the cover and selected pages from The Turner Diaries. He included a note that said she should be sure to read the back cover. On the back cover of The Turner Diaries at the top in bold black letters is t h e question, “What will you do when they come to take your guns?” And t h e n the answer: “The patriots fight back with a campaign of sabotage a n d terror.” When McVeigh’s sister learned of her brother’s arrest i n connection with the bombing, she burned the contents of the envelope. 1 1

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Incidentally, McVeigh’s accomplice in the bombing, Terry Nichols, also may have been influenced by the writings of William Pierce. Federal agents found a copy of another of Pierce’s novels, Hunter, in Nichols’ home. They saw few other books in the house. Hunter, written in the late 1 9 8 0 s , is Pierce’s follow-up to The Turner Diaries. It recounts the exploits of Oscar Yeager, who tries to ‘cleanse’ America by killing first interracial couples and then Jews. 1 2 In the weeks immediately preceding the bombing, McVeigh stayed a t the Imperial Hotel off Route 66 near Kingman, Arizona. Several sources have reported that between April 5th and April 11th McVeigh made s e v e n calls to a message center operated by a radical right-wing organization called the National Alliance. The chairman of the National Alliance is William Pierce. Two of the seven calls allegedly were patched through t o Pierce’s unlisted number in West Virginia where he is headquartered. 1 3 The Turner Diaries was the very first piece of evidence introduced by the prosecution at McVeigh’s trial in Denver. During the trial, several of McVeigh’s friends told the court that he had mailed them copies of t h e book along with a note encouraging them to read it. One of them, Kyle Kraus, a buddy from McVeigh’s army days, testified that when he l e a r n e d of the Oklahoma City bombing, he was immediately reminded of scenes from the book and grabbed the copy McVeigh had sent him and took it t o the local FBI office.1 4 McVeigh’s first contact with The Turner Diaries came when he was i n the army and ran across an advertisement for the book in the mail o r d e r section of the survivalist magazine, Soldier of Fortune. McVeigh o r d e r e d the book and according to those around him at the time awaited its a r r i v a l with eager anticipation. When the book finally arrived, McVeigh b e c a m e obsessed with it, reports his roommate William Dilly. “He took it into t h e field and read it for three weeks straight,” Dilly said. “He said it was really wild and tried to get me to read it.” 15 Another friend of McVeigh’s, Brandon Sticky, said that McVeigh read and re-read the book and w a s known for constantly carrying his well-thumbed copy of the small paperback around with him in his pocket. 1 6 After leaving the service, McVeigh sold The Turner Diaries a t weekend gun shows, often for less than his own cost. Fellow g u n - s h o w merchants said it was as if the contents of the book were his religion a n d he were looking for converts. “Mostly, McVeigh’s fervor came from T h e Turner Diaries,” a gun collector who crossed paths with him said later. “He was its greatest publicist. He carried the book all the time. He sold it a t the shows. He’d have a few copies in the cargo pocket of his cammies. They were supposed to be $10, but he’d sell them for $5.”1 7

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Apparently The Turner Diaries altered the course of Tim McVeigh’s life as well as the lives of thousands of people in Oklahoma City. And t o the extent that the Oklahoma City bombing is a memorable e v e n t - - a n d even, in ways that are not clear to us now, a significant event--William Pierce’s self-published novel has become part of the history of America. On September 24th, 1998, the Anti-Defamation League released a report entitled Explosion of Hate: The Growing ADL’s stated purpose is to combat National Alliance. 18 through programs and services that counteract hatred, bigotry. The Explosion of Hate report began:

of B’nai B’rith Danger of t h e anti-Semitism prejudice, a n d

A new ADL investigation reveals that the neo-Nazi National Alliance (NA) is the single most dangerous organized hate group in the United States today. The NA sprang t o national attention several years ago, when it was discovered that a fictitious incident in The Turner Diaries, a violent a n d racist novel written by the NA's leader, might have been u s e d as a model for the Oklahoma City bombing. Convicted b o m b e r Timothy McVeigh was a devoted reader of The Turner Diaries, which features a bombing scenario that is eerily reminiscent of the April 19, 1995 blast. The book was also the blueprint f o r The Order, a revolutionary terrorist group that robbed a n d murdered its way to fame in the early 1980s. The ringleader of The Order [Robert Jay Mathews] was an organizer for the NA. Now, the National Alliance has leaped to prominence again. In the last several years, dozens of violent crimes, including murders, bombings and robberies, have been t r a c e d to NA members or appear to have been inspired by the group's propaganda. At the same time, the National Alliance's membership base has experienced dramatic growth, with i t s numbers more than doubling since 1992. The group, headquartered near Hillsboro, West Virginia, is led by f o r m e r University of Oregon physics professor and veteran anti-Semite William L. Pierce. With 16 active cells from coast to coast, an e s t i m a t e d membership of 1,000 and several thousand additional Americans listening to its radio broadcasts and browsing i t s Internet site, the National Alliance is the largest and m o s t active neo-Nazi organization in the nation. The group has also developed significant political connections abroad. In the p a s t three years there has been evidence of NA activity in no f e w e r than 26 states across the country. The organization has b e e n

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most active in Ohio, Florida, Michigan, New York, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and New Mexico. Explosion of Hate goes on to say that while other extremist groups appeal to a narrow range of followers, National Alliance members v a r y widely in social class and age, from young skinheads to middle-aged professionals. Alliance members are organized into local units headed b y coordinators named by Pierce, and in most cases meet regularly. Twice each year, Pierce invites fifty Alliance members to the West Virginia headquarters for a weekend leadership conference. The ADL report says that the National Alliance owes much of i t s strength to Pierce--whom it describes as well-educated, focused, a n d organized--and to his autocratic leadership style. Among Pierce’s activities is American Dissident Voices, a half-hour weekly radio program. The report notes that Pierce uses topics in the news as a springboard into h a t e filled anti-Jewish, anti-black, and anti-government diatribes. American Dissident Voices broadcasts can be picked up in most of North America a n d Europe on short-wave as well as on local AM radio stations in parts of Arkansas, Texas, Alabama, New England, Florida and California. They c a n also be downloaded in written and audio form from the National Alliance’s web site, and they are sent by e-mail to selected individuals, reprinted in a monthly subscription publication called Free Speech, and sold in audio cassette form through the Alliance’s publishing arm, National V a n g u a r d Books. Audio cassettes of Pierce’s ADV programs are among an array of radical right-wing books and audio- and videotapes National V a n g u a r d Books sells through a catalog it distributes widely. In addition to the weekly broadcasts and book-selling activities, Pierce writes the copy for a members-only monthly National Alliance newsletter. There is also the irregularly published glossy magazine, National Vanguard, which the ADL report says attempts to intellectualize the Alliance’s racist and anti-Semitic agenda. The highbrow tone of National Vanguard contrasts sharply with the cruder, poorly-edited propaganda materials of other extremist groups and heightens the a p p e a l the National Alliance has among those whom the report refers to a s "better-educated bigots." Explosion of Hate notes that other murderers and terrorists besides Timothy McVeigh appear to have been inspired by Pierce’s violence-filled writings and pronouncements. In the 1980s a gang calling itself t h e “Order,” after the elite paramilitary unit in The Turner Diaries, went on a crime spree which included bombing a synagogue, murdering a Jewish t a l k show host, counterfeiting, and robbing over four million dollars in a n armored car heist. The Order’s leader, Robert Mathews, was a member of the National Alliance and recruiter for the Alliance who once spoke at o n e

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of the organization’s national conventions. Reportedly, Mathews told people that he was intent on being the catalyst for an uprising against t h e System like the one described in Pierce’s book. Mathews, who was killed by FBI agents in a shoot-out, has become a martyr and cult hero among right wing fringe elements and a model f o r others who would follow his lead. The ADL report cites the statement of then-publisher George Burdi in the skinhead-oriented magazine Resistance invoking Mathews’ memory in the course of singing the praises of t h e National Alliance. Said Burdi: "The National Alliance is clearly the m o s t forward-looking and progressive racialist organization in the world today, and it is no wonder that Robert Mathews endorsed them so w h o l e heartedly." Another example, authorities say a white supremacist g r o u p calling itself the Aryan Republican Army and led by a man named P e t e r Langan committed twenty-two bank robberies and bombings across t h e Midwest between 1992 and 1996. Langan praised Robert Mathews a n d instructed his viewers to "learn from Bob." Not surprisingly The T u r n e r Diaries was required reading in the Aryan Republican Army. The ADL report lists a number of recent crimes that can be linked i n some way to Pierce and the National Alliance. Among them: • In March of 1998, Dennis McGiffin and two others were charged with conspiracy to possess and make machine guns. FBI agents testified that McGiffin and the others were influenced by The Turner Diaries. T h e y planned to form a “New Order’’ and talked of, among other things, bombing state capitols and post offices and poisoning public water supplies w i t h cyanide. • In 1997, Todd Vanbiber, a National Alliance adherent in W i n t e r Park, Florida, pleaded guilty to illegally constructing and possessing explosives and was sentenced to six-and-one-half years in prison. At a sentencing hearing in October 1997, a cellmate testified that V a n b i b e r admitted he planned to use the bombs against African Americans attending Fourth of July celebrations. A Federal complaint against Vanbiber alleged that he had met with William Pierce at his West Virginia compound for two hours and while there donated one thousand dollars t o the National Alliance and purchased seven hundred dollars worth of i t s literature. • In December 1995, a black couple was gunned down near Fort Bragg in North Carolina in what prosecutors called a racially m o t i v a t e d killing. James Burmeister and Malcolm Wright, members of the 8 2 n d Airborne Division, were convicted of the murders and sentenced to life i n prison. Burmeister and Wright reportedly read National Alliance propaganda. Prior to these events, the National Alliance had b e e n attempting to attract members among U.S. Army personnel at Fort Bragg. One of its activitists, Robert Hunt, a soldier and recruiter for the Alliance,

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rented a billboard and used it to post an advertisement and local p h o n e number for the organization. • In April of 1996, Larry Wayne Shoemaker killed one African American and injured seven others in Jackson, Mississippi. According t o his ex-wife, Shoemaker first encountered National Alliance propaganda i n the mid-1980s, when he borrowed The Turner Diaries from a friend. She said her husband wasn't the same after he read Pierce's novel. "It was like an eye-opener for him," his wife said. "There was a distinct difference i n him." Shoemaker soon began subscribing to Pierce's monthly publications. The Winter 1999 issue of Intelligence Report, published by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), included an article entitled “The Alliance a n d Its Allies.” 19 The SLPC article centered on the connections William Pierce is establishing with political extremists in Europe. The Southern Poverty L a w Center monitors extremist groups and has been successful in pursuing civil lawsuits against them. The SPLC’s most prominent member is co-founder and chief legal counsel, Morris Dees. The SPLC article refers to Pierce as the best-known American f a r right-wing figure in Europe. It points out that Pierce is in the u n i q u e position of standing above the fray of rivalries that have divided t h e European radical right for years. "The former physics professor has come to be seen in Europe as a man whom all factions can look up to, t h e legendary author whose two novels [The Turner Diaries and Hunter] helped spark the most violent U.S. domestic terrorist attacks of the last 1 5 years.” 20 The article quotes Pierce as writing, "Cooperation across national borders will become increasingly important for progress--and p e r h a p s even for survival--in the future." 2 1 In late 1997 I wrote Pierce a letter broaching the idea of writing a book about him and his ideas. In the letter, I said: I’m not talking about anything authorized, that is to say, w h e r e explicitly or implicitly I have the job of fronting for you, making you look good, selling you. But at the same time, I wouldn’t be aiming to demonize you or set you up as a s t r a w man to serve some agenda of my own. I also don’t want t o play a game academics often play [I am a university professor], which is to stand above their subjects, as it were, a n d patronizingly critique them and make themselves look good i n the process. What I do want to do is focus on the issues y o u raise and the ideas you affirm and your current activities within the context of the events and circumstances of your life, and to present it as objectively as I can. Whatever else comes

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through, I want who you are and what you are and where y o u have come from put out there for readers straight and true. I am not interested in exposes or inside journalism. I am interested in where this culture and society is heading and h o w we live our individual lives, and what you and what y o u represent have to do with that. 2 2 Pierce wrote back: Your idea is an intriguing one. I am not convinced that t h e things I have accomplished to date merit a b i o g r a p h y - although I always am trying to acquire more merit. From a practical point of view, if you succeed in getting a biography of me published and it is not a hatchet job, it should be helpful. Although you might be subject to pressure from your p u b l i s h e r to produce a book fitting a certain stereotype of me and m y message. Anyway, it is a project that I am willing to discuss with you. 2 3 I wrote back to Pierce that I wasn’t planning on writing a full-scale, detailed biography, bringing in multiple sources and perspectives and all. Rather, I was thinking of something akin to what goes on between a subject posing for a portrait and an artist. That is to say, the book w o u l d essentially be about him and me: the way he presents himself to me a n d the way I make sense of and render that presentation. I said I wanted t o hear him talk about his life growing up and what he has done as an adult. I wanted to learn about the circumstances in society and the people a n d experiences and ideas that have had an impact on him. I wanted t o become familiar with the books that have made a difference to him--I’d like to read them if I haven’t--and see if I can learn why they affected h i m as they did. I wanted to look at how his public life and private life h a v e affected one another. I wanted to do those things in order to paint a picture of him, so to speak. So a portrait would be a more accurate way of referring to what I had in mind than a biography. And, really, I said in the letter, I am not setting out to do a h a t c h e t job on you. I am not intending to write a judgmental book; rather, I w a n t to be a vehicle that will allow readers the chance to get a good look at y o u and to decide for themselves what they see. I told Pierce I would s t a y away from slanting or channeling people’s impression of him by tacking negative labels on him--neo-Nazi, anti-Semite, bigot, hater. However, h e had to understand that after hearing what he has to say and reviewing what he has done with his life, readers may well decide that, indeed, t h o s e

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labels suit him. And as for publishers pushing me to fit him into a certain stereotype--he had mentioned that possibility--I told him that I was n o t going to bend reality for anybody. I told Pierce that I wanted to meet him in person--I hadn’t at t h a t point--and talk more about this project and see if it seemed as if the t w o of us could work together. I said I thought a couple of hours with o n e another should give us a good sense of whether we ought to keep exploring this idea. Pierce said that was all right with him, and I went to see him i n West Virginia. This was in the fall of 1997. We talked for two hours in t h e afternoon at his office in the National Alliance headquarters building on h i s three hundred forty-six acre plot of land. Basically, we got acquainted. He asked me about what things were like at the university where I am on t h e faculty, and we talked about university politics for a time. I thought t h e session went well. Pierce seemed open and unthreatened--I had expected more wariness, which would have been understandable--and he w a s congenial and expansive. At the end of that first meeting, we decided t h a t I should come back and spend a full work day at the property. A couple of months later--this was early 1998--I came back a n d Pierce and I ended up talking for seven hours straight. Rapport w a s building between the two of us and, I believe, his trust in me and belief that I brought an adequate amount of competence and commitment to t h i s book-writing endeavor. I took notes during our lengthy conversation a n d wrote down my recollections and impressions afterward, but I found that I missed much of what Pierce had said. I made a vow to myself that f r o m then on I would have a tape recorder with me. At the end of the day, Pierce invited me to stay for dinner with him and his wife Irena, so I got to meet her and see the trailer they share about five hundred yards up t h e mountain from the headquarters building. About a month later, I came back for a weekend. At that point, I proposed that I spend a month during the summer at the p r o p e r t y working on the book. I told Pierce that I wanted to conduct a series of taped interviews with him during that time. I said that three t w o - h o u r sessions per week should suffice. Plus, I wanted to go over m a t e r i a l s - books, tapes, letters, papers, and so on. And I wanted to just generally absorb what was happening on the property and get a feel for the place and the people who lived there. Pierce said that was fine, and I s p e n t from mid-June to mid-July of 1998 there living with one of Pierce’s assistants, a former business professor by the name of Bob DeMarais. Since that time, I have stayed in contact with Pierce. In November of 1999, I spent four days with Pierce in Munich, Germany, where he h a d traveled to give a speech at a rally of the National Democratic Party. I think through all of this I have come to know him very well.

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I have asked myself why Pierce agreed to go forward with the book project, and indeed he has been most cooperative. In our initial correspondence he had said that he thought the book could be helpful. What did he mean by that, and what was he personally getting out of h i s connection with me? I have decided that the main reason Pierce has gone along with this book is that he thinks this is a chance to become known b y a mainstream audience. He is convinced that to the extent he hasn’t b e e n ignored he and his ideas have been twisted to serve the purposes of t h o s e who oppose him. That is not to say he is right in thinking that, but I a m sure that is what he believes. Also, I think the fact that I am a u n i v e r s i t y professor appeals to him. He has expressed frustration to me that t h e academic community pays no attention to him. I believe he hopes t h a t something I will write will reach university people, both faculty a n d students, and contribute to him and his message being considered m o r e seriously by that segment of this society. And too, I believe the fact that I am an academic helps in another regard. Pierce was once a physics professor, and he and I have compatible personal styles. I am bookish a n d get caught up with ideas, and he is the same way. Simply, we relate well, and I think there is a personal payoff for him in a relationship w i t h someone like me. And last, I believe I serve the need he has for someone to talk to about his life. It is a rewarding experience for just about all of u s to have a listener who is truly interested in what it was like for us as a child, what happened when we were just starting out in our career, h o w we look at things today, and so on. It is rewarding to have someone w h o truly wants to hear more from us and doesn’t make judgments or bring t h e subject around to themselves. As the days and weeks went along, I noticed that Pierce seemed to look forward to our sessions, which w e r e from 7:00 to 9:00 in the evenings after his long workday. It was at h i s suggestion that we talk consecutive evenings rather than the three times a week I originally had in mind. As for what I wanted to get out of my contact with Pierce, I w a s looking for a way to deal with American culture and society in an overall, integrated way, and in an accessible and interesting way, and Pierce seemed to me to be a good vehicle for doing that. Pierce is concerned w i t h it all and how everything fits together--history, philosophy, politics, economics, the media, education, men-women identities and relationships, child-raising practices, and approaches to leisure--and that offered me t h e broad canvas, the inclusive frame of reference, I wanted. I didn’t t h i n k the fact that Pierce approaches these concerns from a position on t h e extreme end of the ideological spectrum was a drawback, because one of the ways to make better sense of what is going on at the core of American life, which is what I really want to do, is to contrast it with what is happening on its outermost edge.

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A second reason I had for investing time and energy in this project is I thought I could be helpful to others if I were to report what had come out of my experience with Pierce. It is imperative, I believe, that we k n o w the enemy, to put it that way, and I think the consensus view is that n o one is a more threatening domestic enemy than is William Pierce. I h a d been given an opportunity to get close and learn how Pierce thinks a n d behaves as well as what accounts for him--how does someone like Pierce come to be? This is a opportunity, I thought, for people to hear from t h i s man in his own words and to look at the world through his eyes. If we a r e going to deal with people like Pierce, it helps greatly if we u n d e r s t a n d them. And a third motivation for me, one that developed as time w e n t along: I find Pierce to be an absolutely fascinating character and his s t o r y to be a whale of a tale. And besides Pierce, in the course of putting t h i s book together I came across a number of other fascinating--which is not t o say admirable--characters, among them, George Lincoln Rockwell, Robert Lloyd, Revilo P. Oliver, Francis Parker Yockey, Savitri Devi, Elizabeth Dilling, Bob Mathews, and William Gayley Simpson. This cast of characters and their world was all new to me, and I have had the treat of a terrific, real-life movie for the year and a half I have been working on this book. I found that that alone has been enough to keep me going.

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2 ____________ FIRST CONTACT Pocahontas County, West Virginia, where William Pierce has lived since 1985, is a mountainous area in the southeast part of the state. There a r e trees everywhere in Pocahontas County: black walnut, hickory, oak, eastern poplar, apple, pear, red maple, sugar maple, and buckeye. Pocahontas County is shaped like a bowling pin tipped to the right and is about fifty miles from top to bottom and thirty miles across at its widest. Nine thousand people live in the county’s nine hundred square miles. T h e county seat and largest town is Marlinton, with a population of e l e v e n hundred. Pierce’s land is at Mill Point (population fifty) in the center of the base of the “bowling pin.” His three hundred forty-six acres go up t h e side of Big Spruce Knob, which is between Black Mountain and Stony Center Mountain. In a letter to me before I came to visit him that first time, Pierce h a d this to say about where he lived: This area is off “the beaten path” in that it has no i n d u s t r y other than small farms, no transportation hubs, no t r a n s i e n t population, and very little traffic, pollution, or crime. Although it is mountainous and very beautiful, the lack of tourist facilities other than a ski lodge in the northern part of t h e county leads to a blessedly small number of tourists a n d vacationers. With the exception of four or five non-Whites imported by criminally insane Christian groups, the population is entirely White and sparse. The early settlers were ScotchIrish, German, Dutch, and English, and a handful of family names--McNeill, Sharp, Pritt--dominate the telephone directory. It is extremely conservative in resisting outside influences, although television and the churches (which, unfortunately, have great influence here) are doing their w o r s t to bring the New World Order to Pocahontas County.1 In the fall of 1997, I went to meet Pierce and see where he lives. I flew into Roanoke, Virginia, rented a car, and set out on the t w o - a n d - o n e half hour drive to Mill Point--a long way to drive, but Roanoke was t h e

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closest major airport. I got to Hillsboro, West Virginia (population o n e hundred eighty-eight) at about one p.m. Hillsboro is where Pierce picks u p his mail and is about three miles from Mill Point. I was early--I had told Pierce I would be there at two--and hungry, so I stopped at the Country Roads Cafe in Hillsboro. Next to where I parked my car at the cafe was a weathered white metal sign with black lettering that said: HILLSBORO Here Gen. W. W. Averell camped before the Battle of Droop Mountain and after his raid to Salem, Virginia, in 1 8 6 3 . Settlements were made in the vicinity in the 1760s by John McNeel and the Kinnisons. Birthplace of Pearl Buck. Pearl Buck is a Nobel Prize-winning author best known for her book set i n China, The Good Earth. The top price for an evening meal at the Country Roads Cafe was five dollars and forty-five cents; I had a chicken salad sandwich for t w o dollars and eighty-five cents. After I finished eating, I drove the t h r e e miles up the road to Mill Point. I had the directions Pierce sent me, and I took the right turn off the state highway at the red brick house onto t h e dirt road as he had instructed me to do. I stopped the car for a m o m e n t and looked down the single lane dirt road that Pierce said I would take f o r about eight-tenths of a mile before I reached his property. On the sides of the road were unpainted wooden posts about four feet high and fifteen feet apart with barbed wire strung between them. On the right was tall grass for a hundred yards and then trees. On the left after about t h r e e hundred yards of grass the land rose into tree-covered knolls. About five hundred yards ahead, the dirt road turned to the right and I couldn’t s e e where it went from there. There were no people or animals in sight. “Well, here goes,” I said to myself, and set off down the road. The dirt road was filled with bumps and ruts, and I probably wasn’t going over three miles an hour as I navigated my rental car through w h a t very quickly came to seem like an obstacle course. I tried to be careful, but I still scraped the bottom of the car a couple of times. Very soon, t h e r e wasn’t any grass on my right; trees came up to the side of the road. To m y relief, after about a quarter mile the road smoothed out. On my left I s a w an old red barn, and next to it a silo, its white paint peeling. Around t h e barn and silo were twenty or so light brown miniature horses grazing. I thought back to when I was a kid and used to ride those kinds of ponies a s I called them--I’m not sure what they are supposed to be called--at t h e carnivals that used to set up in a big vacant lot a block from where I lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota. I didn’t see any people around, just the little horses.

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As I drove along the dirt road, the trees began to close in on the left to match the trees on the right. Up ahead they were so close to the road o n both sides that they joined together over the road and blocked out the sun. I felt as if I were driving into a dark tunnel. The canopy of trees l a s t e d with a break now and then for about a quarter mile, and then t h e overhead trees receded and the sun shone again, and up ahead was the r e d gate Pierce told me would be there. The gate was about five feet tall a n d blocked the road. It had six pipes across and four up and down. Top center was a small black metal sign with white lettering that said NO TRESPASSING. The gate was closed, but Pierce said it would be unlocked and that I should open it and drive onto the property. I stopped the car, got out, a n d opened the gate by swinging it back toward me. I wasn’t familiar with t h e rental car I was driving, so after I got back into the car I looked down t o see where the ignition key was and then turned on the engine. As I looked back up to see the road and go forward, a smiling, bearded, m o u n t a i n - m a n face filled the open driver’s side window. I was startled; I hadn’t seen o r heard anyone approach the car. The mountain man, still smiling, asked me my name. “Robert Griff--, Bob Griffin,” I answered. I have had this longstanding dilemma when introducing myself. Am I Robert or am I Bob? “Dr. Pierce is expecting you. Go right up to the top of the hill a n d you’ll see a place to park on the right.” I learned later that that had b e e n Fred Streed. I drove up a fairly steep incline on the dirt road for a couple hundred feet. As I neared the top, I saw a large building to my right. Straight ahead above me was a tall, slim figure standing alone in t h e parking area in front of the building. He waved his arm indicating that I should turn to the right and park facing the building. I did and got out of the car and stood next to the open driver’s side door. The man, with a broad smile on his face, stepped forward and held out his hand and said, “I’m William Pierce. I’ve been waiting for you.” Pierce looked to me to be around sixty years old. He is a couple inches taller than I am, which would make him about 6’3’’ or so. He has a large head and graying and thinning conventionally cut hair parted on t h e left side. His hair was long enough so that it curled up in the back. He is a bit hunched, and his head nestles down into his shoulders and t h r u s t s forward. What stood out to me about his face were his large forehead a n d mouth. His face is unlined, his nose is straight and unremarkable, and h i s small ears protrude some. His eyes were blue behind the thick lenses of the conservative plastic-framed glasses he had on. That day, Pierce had on a jeans jacket over a dark blue T-shirt with a pocket in which he had what appeared to be a white index card. His f a d e d

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blue jeans hung straight down in the back in the way they do with older men. He had on brown workboots. Around his waist was a pistol belt. A holstered weapon was on his right and more to the back than to the side. The weapon wasn’t visible because he had pulled his T-shirt over it. Pierce’s basic appearance is long and lean, but when I shook h a n d s with him I was taken by the size and strength of his hands and f o r e a r m s which showed beneath his rolled-up jacket sleeves. His handshake w a s firm and confident. I had read that Pierce, as it was phrased. "doesn’t h a v e a very dynamic presence." That certainly wasn’t the impression I w a s getting. He had the air of somebody important and as being the kind of person who very much fills up the space they are in. “Come on in,” Pierce said, motioning with his left hand toward t h e building to my right. I turned and for the first time got a good look at t h e National Alliance headquarters building. It is two stories tall and p e r h a p s sixty feet wide. It is covered by a beige-colored shell of steel with vertical grooves. In the center of the building are double doors of dark b r o w n decorated with small yellow squares. There is a window on each side of the doors on the first floor which is matched by a similar window on t h e second floor. The first and second floor windows on each side are t i e d together by a window-wide darker brown band that runs from the top of the building to the ground. The roof is edged in dark brown and slightly sloped to handle precipitation. The most prominent feature of the building is a ten-foot-high d a r k brown symbol attached to the building above the door. I couldn’t tell whether it was made of metal or wood. It looks something like a Christian cross except that the crossbar is longer and instead of going straight across from nine o’clock to three o’clock, it is as if it were cut at the mid-point a n d the two pieces, still attached to the vertical bar, are pointed u p w a r d toward ten-thirty and one-thirty. I later learned that this is called a Life Rune and that it is the symbol for the National Alliance. I r e m e m b e r having an emotional charge that first time I took in this Life Rune image, so large and dominating. Especially in this setting, so removed f r o m everywhere, it seemed alien, something out of Brave New World or 1984 . From where Pierce and I were standing, the headquarters building was about forty-five feet away at the end of a six-foot-wide p a t h w a y made of what appeared to be very carefully smoothed-down rocks set i n cement. On either side of the walkway was neatly cut lawn. Trees encircled the sides and back of the building. The building and t h e greenery presented an attractive postcard-like picture on this cloudless fall day. Pierce and I walked the pathway side-by-side and went through t h e double doors and entered a small vestibule. Just ahead to the left a n d right were offices, their doors open. Pierce pointed to the one on the left

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and said, “That’s where Bob DeMarais works.” (He pronounced it De-Mars.) A middle-aged man with a mustache, evidently Bob DeMarais, looked u p from his computer and waved hello. “Bob handles all the business affairs for the Alliance,” Pierce said. “I’ll introduce him to you later.” I noticed that Pierce has a slight southern accent. There was no one in the office on the right, and Pierce didn’t s a y anything about it or its occupant. I learned later it was Ron McCosky’s office. Ron works in the book distribution side of Pierce’s operation, National Vanguard Books. Ron is from California and has worked in t h e past as a professional magician. He still performs magic at kids’ b i r t h d a y parties. Straight ahead of us was a meeting room that looked as if it could accommodate seventy-five to one hundred people. It was quite dark i n the room, as there were rooms on either side of it--Pierce’s large library t o the left and restrooms and storage rooms to the right--and thus n o sunlight comes in. Scattered about the meeting room were six or eight folding chairs. About midway into the room next to the wall on the left was a piano. At the far end of the room was an eight- or ten-inch-high wood riser about eight feet square, and on it was a lectern. The Life Rune symbol is affixed to the lectern. As Pierce and I left the meeting room and continued toward t h e back of the building, we passed stairs on the left that went to the second floor. I learned later that the second floor is the storage area for the books Pierce sells by mail order. Also on the second floor is a recording studio where he tapes his weekly radio program. As well, there is a small r o o m where he has electronic gadgetry--his toys, as he calls them. Pierce has a Ph.D in physics, and this room is where he goes to get away from it all. One other thing on the second floor: a television set next to the back wall amid boxes of books. I believe it is the only one on the property. It t u r n s out that Pierce and those around him are down on television, seeing it as a reality-distorting and mind-warping force in the hands of t h e i r adversaries. Pierce isn’t about to get the cable, and the only station t h a t reaches this remote area is an NBC affiliate--barely reaches, the picture is snowy and doesn’t qualify as being in color. Pierce is a faithful watcher of the NBC evening news. As far as I know, that is the extent of h i s television viewing other than tapes friends and followers send him, and I don’t believe anyone around him watches television at all. After Pierce and I passed by the stairs leading to the second floor, we reached the back of the building. To the right was an office occupied by a woman seated at a desk in front of a computer. I didn’t get a good look at her, and Pierce didn’t introduce me. She wore glasses a n d appeared to be around forty, somewhere in that not young and not old

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middle part of life. I caught a glimpse of a large overhanging plant b e f o r e I turned away. To the left is Pierce’s office. I went in first, and he went by me o n the left on his way to taking a seat at his wooden desk which faces to t h e right. The first thing I noticed in the office was a cat sitting on the u p r i g h t case of a computer on Pierce’s desk. I assume the cat was there because i t was warm. This arrangement propped the cat up high, so for me it w a s suddenly being eye-to-eye with an exotic-looking, smallish, very s h o r t haired cat--a bluepoint Siamese, a breed I had never seen before. I h a d just met Hadley, Pierce’s constant companion. Hadley rides on Pierce’s shoulder when Pierce comes to the headquarters in the morning, usually around 8:30, stays with him all day, and rides on Pierce’s shoulder w h e n Pierce returns to his trailer at 9:00 or 9:30 at night. Pierce’s small office is packed to overflowing. Besides the computer, there is a copier and fax machine. Behind his desk is a bookcase stuffed with books. A row of chairs facing the desk stand against the wall, leaving a very narrow path to navigate between the chairs and the desk. Since Pierce was taking a seat behind his desk, I decided I should sit on one of the chairs, but they were piled high with boxes, books, magazines, papers, and videotapes. The same sort of pile was on a table on the wall opposite the door, shelves to Pierce’s right as he sits at the desk, the desk itself, a n d the floor. Pierce may have sensed that I was somewhat taken aback b y the disarray in his office, because right after he sat down and I p u s h e d things aside on one of the chairs so I could sit down, he said, “I’ve got to d o something about this office, clean it up. This has gotten out of hand.” I didn’t feel it was my place to say anything, so I didn’t reply. Pierce was settled in his desk, and I was in a chair in the corner t o his left. We looked at each other and smiled. “Can I get you a cup of tea?” he asked. “That would be fine,” I replied. Pierce rummaged around for a second and then said, “I have to go into the other room and get a tea bag,” and got up. As he walked a r o u n d the desk to go out, the woman whom I had seen working in the office across the hall came in and told him an e-mail message had just come in. She talked about it briefly--I didn’t pick up what she said--and handed i t to him. At this point Pierce looked back at me and said, “This is Lynn Hill.” Then he said, “Lynn, this is Bob Griffin. He’s a professor from Vermont.” Lynn shot the quickest of glances in my direction—I don’t think s h e actually saw me--and offered a curt hello and went back to her business, which was standing beside Pierce, overseeing him it seemed, while he r e a d the message she’d just given him. Evelyn Hill--I never got to know her well enough to call her Lynn--is about 5’7’’, has brown hair pulled back in a bun, wears business-like, d a r k -

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framed glasses, and may be about twenty pounds heavier than she w o u l d like to be. In contrast to Pierce in his T-shirt and jeans, Evelyn w a s dressed up that day in earrings, a white buttoned cotton blouse, and a b l u e skirt, which, I learned, is typical attire for her. Evelyn speaks loudly a n d has a forceful, no-nonsense, get-it-done manner. She reminds me of a strict, “old maid”--that was the term we used back then, it m e a n t unmarried—teacher I had in elementary school who intimidated the h e c k out of me but whom I remember fondly because she taught me something. Evelyn has a doctorate in pharmacy and worked as a pharmacist--I believe in Washington state--before coming to work with Pierce in 1996. In order to read the message Evelyn had given him, Pierce b r o u g h t the paper up to about five inches from his eyes. He tipped his head b a c k so that he was looking down at the paper, and his mouth dropped open a s he read. It turns out that Pierce has very bad eyes. Pierce finished reading the message and talked to Evelyn as he left the office on his way to getting the tea bag. I had the sense that it was a communication among equals, and that Pierce takes Evelyn seriously. M y first impression of Evelyn, and it didn’t change during the time I s p e n t with Pierce, is that she will not lead the league in sociability, nor will s h e bother to try, but that she is highly capable and productive. While Pierce was gone, it was just Hadley and me in Pierce’s office. Hadley was lying stock still on his side with his head up and paying absolutely no attention to me. I glanced around the office. On the chair next to me was a copy of the magazine Criminal Politics. In the bookcase behind Pierce’s desk were a lot of old books. There was one on the ancient Spartans, and I saw a couple by the nineteenth century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, and there was Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations and Black’s Law Dictionary. On the wall was a traditional-style print, “The Old Mill” by John Constable. There was also a f r a m e d surveyor’s map of the property. I noticed the land is in the name of t h e Cosmotheist Church, not Pierce’s or the National Alliance’s. I made a mental note to ask Pierce about this Cosmotheist Church. One other thing on the wall was a limited edition print of a drawing of a man and w o m a n intertwined in a neo-classical pose. It was signed by the artist, A r n o Breker. Breker was primarily known as a sculptor and was one of Adolf Hitler’s favorites during the years of the Third Reich. Breker received a number of commissions during that time to sculpt human figures, some of them of massive size, to decorate German buildings and public places. Breker lived on into the early 1990s. Pierce came back with the tea bag and brewed the tea, and w e chatted for a couple of hours. Pierce is not given to small talk (“How w a s your flight down?” etc.). He gets right to it. He knew I am in the field of education and on a university faculty, and he wanted to talk about t h o s e

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areas. During the course of our conversation he made the point that i t seemed to him that education at both the university level and at t h e elementary and secondary levels has been pretty much taken over by t h e multiculturalists and the feminists. He said that it was his impression t h a t some of the most timid people anywhere were on university faculties. They might not like what is happening, Pierce said, but they don’t have t h e courage to stand up to the gang that has gotten control of the place. T h e y are cowed by the atmosphere of intimidation that exists in universities, h e asserted. As Pierce shared his views with me, his superior intelligence revealed itself. Working in a university, I have been around some v e r y bright people. I think I know a good mind when I come into contact w i t h one. It struck me that first day that they don’t come any sharper m e n t a l l y than Pierce is. Whether he is wise and decent is certainly open t o question, and what he has done with the exceedingly fine mind h e possesses is questionable. But whether Pierce has a top-of-the-line intellect is not open to question, at least as far as I am concerned. Beyond Pierce’s intelligence, three, in some ways contrasting, personal characteristics began to come through to me. First, there is Pierce the Southern patrician. There is a gentility about Pierce. He is gracious, polite, formal, and reserved. He radiates a distinct hint of understated superiority. Pierce is not pushy about i t - patricians aren’t pushy--but he is a bit better than you are. As part of t h i s patrician bearing, there is a 1940s quality to Pierce. I can imagine university professors in those years being as he is. In appearance a n d manner he reminds me a bit of newsreel footage I have seen of General George Marshall, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army during World War II and later Secretary of State. Pierce grew up in Virginia, a n d Marshall, although born in Pennsylvania, went to college in Virginia a n d lived there as an adult. So there is this patrician quality about Pierce. But then again, i n some ways he doesn’t fit that category. For one thing, when I think of a patrician type, I imagine someone who is detached and rather grand, a n d someone who is overly considered and careful about everything. That isn’t Pierce. Pierce tends to be down-to-earth and animated and very i n v e s t e d in what he is saying and doing. Also, he is often self-effacing, and I don’t associate that with the Southern patrician persona. Plus there is a b e e r commercial, one-of-the-guys quality about Pierce that co-exists with h i s reserved and somewhat removed manner. Pierce loves to tell stories, a n d he is light and humorous and whimsical as well as serious. And too, t h e r e is the tough, rough-edged side to Pierce that exists concurrently with t h e polite gentleman-farmer side of him. There is the Pierce whose family h i t hard times after his father died and moved in with relatives in a n o t h e r

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state. There is the Pierce who had to fend for himself in a Lord of the Flies military school environment. There is the Pierce who had to learn f r o m early-on to take care of himself in an indifferent and hostile world. T h e r e is the Pierce who once told me about being in the midst of a confrontation and just about to push someone through a fifth-floor window when t h e other person backed down. (This was in Washington, D.C.. Pierce w a s distributing some of his political material, and a black man took objection and threatened him physically.) And then there’s the third thing about Pierce that I pick up when I am around him: a menacing quality. There is something unsettling a b o u t Pierce for me. There seems to be a pressure inside him, something brewing just beneath the surface, an anger perhaps. There is a hardness, a coldness, a potential for violence that I feel in him, and it makes m e uneasy and uncomfortable. I can’t be sure how much of this I a m projecting onto him based on what I know of his writings and have come to learn about his life and how much of it is really there. But wherever i t comes from, I experienced it from that first day on, and it is strong e n o u g h to prompt me to think when I am around him, “I wouldn’t put a n y t h i n g past this guy.”

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3 ____________ EARLY LIFE William Luther Pierce III was born on September 11, 1933, in Atlanta, Georgia. That makes him older than I thought he was. He looks good f o r his age. His father, William L. Pierce II, was born in Christianburg, Virginia in 1892, so he was forty-one at his son's birth. Baby William's mother, Marguerite Pierce--born Marguerite Ferrell in Richland, Georgia--was twenty-three. Pierce describes his mother as "a homemaker who d a b b l e d in poetry and art." She is still alive, living in a nursing home and suffering from Alzheimer's disease. William senior owned and operated a n insurance agency, which kept him on the road much of the time. He w a s hit by a car and killed in 1942 when young William was eight-and-a-half years old. The Pierce family was completed when a son, Sanders, was b o r n three years after William in 1936. Sanders now works as a consulting engineer in the Midwest. Sanders and his wife attended a leadership conference Pierce held for members of his organization, the National Alliance, at the property while I was there. I had the impression that t h e conference was an occasion for Sanders to pay a visit to his brother, a n d that he wasn't there for the conference business. Politics didn't come up i n the conversation, at least when I was around him, and I didn't see h i m interact with the conference participants. Sanders is tall, 6’2” or so, b l u e eyed, wears military-style glasses, and has short, well-kept gray-hair. He is quite striking in appearance, a handsome older man. In m a n n e r , Sanders struck me as quiet, reserved, and formal; perhaps the w o r d distant applies. He has the same at-times halting speech pattern h i s brother has. I was surprised to learn that Sanders was Pierce's y o u n g e r brother by three years. In appearance and bearing I would have guessed that he was three to five years older. I couldn’t hear what the t w o brothers, both tall and big-boned, said as they huddled together for five minutes or so when Sanders was about to depart the conference, but m y impression was that they were cordial but not terribly close. In all t h e time Pierce and I talked, Sanders’ name never came up. When w e discussed his childhood, and his later years as well, it was as if Pierce w e r e an only child.

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Pierce's father moved his insurance business from Atlanta to Virginia when Pierce was four. Pierce was sick with "childhood diseases"--he d i d n ' t elaborate--and missed school the first year. He attended the Norfolk, Virginia public schools until his father was killed, and then his m o t h e r moved the family to Montgomery, Alabama, where she had grown u p . From that point on, money was tight Pierce told me, although his father, a s might be expected being in the insurance business, did leave them s o m e insurance money. While in Montgomery the Pierces lived with a relative, a man n a m e d Gaston Scott, who was the State Highway Commissioner in Alabama. Pierce describes Scott as "a tough son of a bitch to live with." Pierce r e m e m b e r s Scott having a black convict who in effect was his slave, serving as a v a l e t and cook for him. Pierce, his mother, and brother moved to Dallas, Texas a year later, where his mother, who had been able to find work as a secretary, was able to purchase a modest home for the family. Pierce told me that he was raised in “a normal way for those years.” He said he was expected to earn his own spending money as soon as h e was old enough, and that he had a newspaper route and took on odd jobs. He said he was taught self-discipline and to take responsibility for himself. He learned, he told me, to accept the consequences of what he did or failed to do, and not to expect mom and dad or the government to bail him out if things weren't right or if he made a mistake. He said as a kid he learned to do things that he didn’t want to do b u t nevertheless needed to be done. “I remember after my father died, t h i s was during the war and my mother was making about twenty-five dollars a week working as a secretary, and things were a little tough. My m o t h e r expected me to do my part, and so I got that newspaper route. Now, I really didn’t like that route. I had to get up at three o'clock in t h e morning, in the winter, in freezing rain, and when the wind was blowing. I really wanted to stay in bed. But I had to get up, get on my bicycle, a n d ride through a lot of times bitter weather to the corner where I would pick up my bundles of newspapers. I’d fold up the newspapers and stick t h e m in my bag and walk my route and then come back to the house. I did t h a t for three, maybe four years right after my father died. In the summers I did odd jobs--cutting grass, painting fences, and so on--to earn money f o r my own expenses. At that time I was interested in buying chemicals a n d test tubes and flasks and electronic stuff, but I didn’t want to be a b u r d e n on the family. “I also had chores to do. Every Saturday, I remember, I w a s h e d clothes. We didn’t have a washing machine. We had one of those washing boards--it was a wooden contraption--and I washed the clothes with it i n the bathtub. I wasn’t a willing worker. I wasn’t interested in any of it. I wanted to read my books and do my hobbies. But I did the work, and as I

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think back on it, it was a good experience for me. I think this external discipline, this external control--being forced over a long period of time t o do things I didn’t want to do but that were necessary to do--helped m e develop self-discipline. A lot of children these days never learn that. It’s amazing how many adults can’t do that. They can’t stick at a job they don’t want to do.” Pierce said he always did extremely well in school academically. He skipped a grade in elementary school and achieved top grades in high school. He went to public schools until his last two years of high school, when he attended an all-boys military school in Texas. He describes himself as a smart-alecky student. He remembers doing things like correcting the football coach who was teaching his science class on some of the concepts. A story Pierce read as a boy that he says made an impression on h i m may give an indication of Pierce's conception of himself when he w a s young, and now as well. It is "The Emperor's New Clothes" by Hans Christian Andersen. The emperor in the Andersen tale marches in a public procession stark naked, but nobody along the street acknowledges w h a t should be an obvious and startling fact. Rather, they say, "How incomparable are the Emperor's new clothes!" and go on about how well they fit and so on. Finally things are brought to a screeching halt when a little child cries out, "But he has nothing on!"1 During the time I was in West Virginia, Pierce brought this A n d e r s e n story into our conversations several times with reference to whatever i t was we were talking about, some political or social issue. I asked h i m what the Andersen story meant to him. He said it represented a kind of childish innocence. The child saw this amazing thing, and he didn't realize that he wasn't supposed to say anything about it. Pierce speculated t h a t this child had a weaker social instinct than others. He didn't have t h e same pull to do and say what he was supposed to or that was acceptable. This child was more independent, more prone to make up his own m i n d about reality, more likely to question things. This child was less bound b y the idea of "when in Rome" and less hesitant to be dissident. When Pierce was describing the child, I believe he was describing himself. I think h e sees himself now as an adult crying out: "Look at what is happening! Don't you see?" Pierce said that when he was an adolescent he wasn't a very social person and lacked social graces. He didn't socialize much, he told me. He had a few friends who shared his science interests and that was about it. He never ran for class officer or anything like that. As for girls, he w a s interested in them but felt very awkward around them. He said he wasn’t philosophical or political at all then. He didn't think about social p r o b l e m s in those years, he told me.

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Pierce told me that as a teenager he was mainly interested in science: building model rockets and radios and reading science fiction. He immersed himself in magazines such as Popular Science and Popular Mechanics. “Those science-type hobbyist magazines,” he told me, “were full of mechanical and electronic gadgetry of every sort you can imagine. They had how-to-do-it stuff: how to get by if you don’t have t h e recommended ingredients, here’s a substitute that will work just as well, and so on. They had instructions on how to build snares for survival trapping--every sort of thing you can imagine. I notice that the magazines kids read these days are more verbal and less action-oriented than t h e kinds of things I read when I was a kid. Now kids read more science fiction and fantasy writing, and that is OK, I did a lot of that myself, but i n general it seems the things they read now push them to be more vicarious and passive than the kinds of things I read back then. There’s a guy i n Arkansas by the name of Kurt Saxon--that’s a pseudonym--who used t o publish a magazine called Survivor, and I noticed that virtually all h i s material was facsimiles of those old Popular Mechanics and Popular Science magazines from back in the ‘40s. Sometimes he would write a brief introduction. I do think there has been a change in the way k i d s approach the world, or at least a lot of them. They are playing video games and watching television instead of building things and getting outside and dealing with nature.” Pierce says his mother had a bigger influence on him than his father had; his father was away on business so much and died when he was so young. Pierce describes his mother's ancestors as members of the aristocracy of the old South. Her great-grandfather was governor of Alabama a n d Attorney General of the Confederacy during the Civil War. After the w a r , the family lost their genteel status and lived a working-class existence. Her mother--Pierce's grandmother--Marion Watts, was a schoolteacher who married an "Irish rake” who left her when Pierce's mother was q u i t e young. She then married a boarder at their home, whom Pierce describes as a Jew who had moved to Montgomery from New York City. Pierce's mother found her stepfather obnoxious and detested him, Pierce told m e , and felt betrayed when her mother married him. Pierce's mother saw h i m as pushing the family even further outside the pale of upper-tier w h i t e society. I asked Pierce whether he thought that his mother's disdain a n d resentment toward her Jewish stepfather to any degree accounts for h i s own animosity toward Jews. He said he didn't think so because his m o t h e r hadn't told him how much she detested this man until eight years ago f r o m her nursing home bed.

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Pierce told me his mother was driven to improve her circumstances once she got out on her own. She was interested in graphic arts a n d wanted to go to art school. But there wasn't the money for it, so she w a s clerking in a store when she met Pierce's father. She always regretted n o t becoming an artist, poet, or novelist, Pierce said. Pierce remembers h e r painting the tops of card tables when he was a child. Pierce describes h i s mother as "competent" in the arts and writing, only that. He showed m e some of her drawings. I considered them to be more than competent. I n fact, I found them to be really quite good. As I looked at the d r a w i n g s seated in a chair as Pierce stood above me, I pictured this very old w o m a n in a nursing home and I became sad at the thought that she wasn't able t o pursue her passion when she was young and able. In contrast to his more intense and hard-driving mother, Pierce describes his father as more easy-going. Pierce told me that although he never had a close relationship with his father, he didn't consider it a bad relationship and he didn't feel any resentment or sense of abandonment about h i s father being gone so much with his work or dying so soon. Although Pierce's father was more casual about things than h i s mother, he did have an adventurous streak. Pierce told me that before h e was born his father had served on an ocean-going cargo ship and h a d survived a mutiny by a gang of mestizos and Hispanics. His father h a d written a chapter in a book about the incident, Pierce said, and he had r e a d it as a teenager. The book Pierce referred to is entitled Ocean Tramps and is made u p of the first-person accounts of the adventures of supercargoes, as t h e y were called. 2 Supercargoes were government representatives who a d v i s e d and assisted the masters of steamships and sent reports of ships' operations back to the Shipping Board in Washington. Pierce’s father’s contribution to the Ocean Tramps collection is called "Incommunicado." I t recounts the tale of an uprising by the ship's engine crew--"a gang of Chileans and Mexicans"--while the boat was docked in Uruguay. Pierce senior describes them as "dark mulattos with long scars across their faces." Eventually, Uruguayan marines rush on board the ship and arrest t h e engine crew, but not before Pierce’s father had killed two of them in a g u n battle. I asked Pierce what reading the story had meant to him. He replied, rather tersely I thought, that he had identified with the kind of life described in his father's account, and that like his father he is drawn t o adventure. He didn’t seem to want to say anything about his f a t h e r beyond that, so I dropped it there.

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Pierce told me that his military school experience his last two years of high school had had a big impact on him. "Allen Military Academy in Bryan, Texas was not a really first-class school, the kind with chandeliers and fine furniture and traditions that go back a hundred years and all that. I ' m sure the boys who went to the elite boarding schools in New England had a different experience from the one I had. But then again maybe t h e interpersonal dynamics were pretty much the same. Did you see the film Scent of a W o m a n with Al Pacino? It was centered in a high class boarding school for rich boys in New England, and I recognized the s a m e interpersonal dynamics I remember from Allen Academy." Pierce's reference to Scent of a W o m a n reminded me of a film I h a d seen, White Squall with Jeff Bridges, which was about some boys f r o m advantaged backgrounds who had gone out on a boat on the ocean to l e a r n sailing and had had a life-altering experience. I mentioned the film t o Pierce, and he immediately took out some catalogs he uses to rent or b u y films, I'm not sure which, and looked in them to see whether White Squall was listed. I was struck by his immediate interest and response to m y brief description of the film. This kind of thing happened later on w i t h books I had read, people that I had come across, and so on. Pierce is extremely curious about the world. After Pierce found that indeed the film was listed in the second catalog he consulted and indicated to me that he would order it, h e continued to tell me about his military school experience. "I was a sort of nerdy kid without social skills," he said. "I really hadn't had m u c h experience with people. I was interested mostly in ideas, my c h e m i s t r y experiments, radios and electronics, reading science fiction, and becoming an astronaut someday. I was very naive about people. And s u d d e n l y there I am in military school crammed in with a whole bunch of guys. I t was like Lord of the Flies: the old social rules and restrictions were gone. I lived in a dormitory, and it was sort of like the warden of a prison t a k e s the key and goes home for the night, and it is up to you to survive. "I was in there with pretty much a cross-section of people. Some of the guys I went to school with were very fine, intelligent, and sensitive people whom I kept in touch with after I graduated. And there were a lot of ordinary guys, and there were some real losers and nasty s.o.b.'s in t h a t place. Some of the boys' parents couldn't deal with them, so the p a r e n t s sent them to this school. There were kids in there because they had gotten into trouble with the law, and their parents had convinced a judge to s e n d them to this military school instead of locking them up. "I like privacy and quiet and just a few friendly people around m e , and military school for sure wasn't that. But looking back on it, I can s e e that it was a valuable educational experience for me. It was a crash course in human nature. I learned about the various types of people, what t h e y

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are really like, and how to size them up. I saw that there are vast i n n a t e differences in people, that basic distinctions in human quality are simply a fact of life. I improved my ability to understand and judge people while I was in military school. I got so that I could recognize certain signs i n people, certain traits, and evaluate them on the basis of those signs. And I learned something about survival. I learned to take care of myself emotionally and psychologically. I became generally stronger and m o r e independent. "I traveled around selling books the summer after my first year a t Allen Academy, and that got me out with new people and situations. One of the guys I went to military school with sold books for an outfit i n Nashville, and he persuaded me that it was a good way to make money. So I did it with him and another guy from school. We went door-to-door selling bibles, cookbooks, children's bible readers, one-volume encyclopedias, that kind of thing. In fact, the first place we were sent w a s just north of here, Elkins, West Virginia." "It sounds as if being on your own in military school was a m a t u r i n g experience for you." "Yes, I think it was, and I think the maturity level of young people is a particular issue these days. One of the most debilitating aspects of o u r society in recent times is the fact that kids wait too long to get out on t h e i r own--to take on any responsibilities, to take any real chances. You r e a d old stories, and a young person fourteen years old or so leaves his family and village and sets out in the world to earn his fortune. He's on his own. That kind of thing doesn't happen anymore. In the past, a boy in his t e e n s was expected to make adult decisions about things and be responsible f o r his actions and pull his own weight. I'm particularly taken by the n u m b e r of soft, whiny, ineffectual young men around these days, especially i n universities, and by how many people are in their thirties and still living at home with their parents. That's destructive." "Did your time in the military school shape your ideological o r political outlook?" "No, it was more a lesson in human nature. I didn't start to form m y ideological or political views until I was in graduate school, and then things escalated in that direction after I got my Ph.D. and during my time on t h e faculty in physics at Oregon State University. I did change my religious perspective while I was in military school, however. At least in a negative sense I did--I stopped being a Christian. I had had a P r e s b y t e r i a n background growing up. Especially from fourteen to sixteen, those years, I saw myself as a Christian. Christianity had provided me with answers, i t had been my frame of reference. “In military school they made us go to church. You could go t o whatever denomination you wanted to, but you had to go. I tried out a

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few of them. I found the Baptist service to be dry and unconvincing, but I liked the Catholics because they put on a colorful show. They h a v e practiced it for a thousand years and more and they have it down pat. I t really impressed me, which I guess is what it was designed to do, i m p r e s s the clientele. I found the Catholic priest to be inaccessible, though. “On the other hand, I could relate well with the Episcopal priest, a roly-poly German fellow named Father Schwerdtfager. Every Sunday a f t e r the service I would go to his office and put him through the wringer. I ' d ask him all sorts of questions about religious doctrine and so forth--how d o we know this is so? do we have any evidence that this is so besides w h a t this person wrote down? those kinds of questions. I wasn't trying to be a smart-ass, give him a hard time or anything. I really wanted to know. Father Schwerdtfager tried very hard to keep me in the fold: he t a l k e d about faith and so on. But it didn't work. I came to realize during o u r talks that Christianity wasn't for me. I completely dropped out by t h e time I was seventeen or so. Unintentionally, Father Schwerdtfager h e l p e d me gain an early emancipation from Christianity." Pierce talked about the first summer after graduating from military school. “My feeling toward the world, my outlook, changed after I graduated f r o m military school and was getting set to go off to the university,” he said. I worked in the oil field that summer as a roustabout. I dropped a four-inch pipe on my hand, injuring it. That knocked me out of that job, and I s p e n t the rest of the summer working at a shoe store as a salesman. As I look back on it, I can see that that summer was a big transition for me. I don’t know how many other kids experience this, but you’ve been to school f o r twelve years, you have been a minor, subject to other people, and then y o u graduate and you feel like you are in a different world. You are your o w n person and you are going out in the world now, and you’ve got much m o r e responsibility for yourself than you had in the past when you were i n school. You’ve got to make more decisions. I remember I had this feeling, ‘Boy, I’m becoming an adult.’ It must be the way it is in Indian tribes a f t e r they go through the rites of passage.” After graduation from military school in 1951, Pierce entered Rice University in Houston, Texas on a full academic scholarship. He majored i n physics at Rice and graduated with a bachelors degree in that field i n 1955. He was helped along financially by the insurance his father h a d taken out before he died in the traffic accident. From that policy Pierce received a check of $117 every month until his twenty-first birthday. I n those years that was enough to pay for his lodging and expenses. Pierce told me that college students of his day were different f r o m the way they are today. Back then, he said, college students were expected

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to act like adults. Now they are more childish and immature, he believes. In Pierce’s eyes, there is a softness about today’s university students. Pierce pointed out to me that in the nineteenth century Harvard s t u d e n t s mastered Latin and Greek so that they could write verse in t h o s e languages. You don't find that level of study and discipline these days, h e said. Pierce believes there has been a “degenerative change,” as he puts it, in both the students and the schools they attend. While at Rice, Pierce became very interested in outer space. He remembers studying the 1920s and ‘30s work of the German pioneer of rocket flight, Herman Oberth. Oberth, Pierce told me, solved many of t h e theoretical problems involved in using rocket propulsion for i n t e r p l a n e t a r y travel. Pierce said Oberth’s best known book is Die Rakete zu d e n Planetenräumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space), which Pierce r e a d in German. Pierce said that he has corresponded with Oberth’s son i n California, and did some editing of a book Oberth wrote after World War II. Pierce said he realized that an American space program was coming, and he wanted to be part of it. He thought that becoming an Air Force pilot would be a good background to have to get into the space p r o g r a m when it got started. He knew that you had to be a university graduate t o become a pilot, so he thought he would finish his degree at Rice and t h e n go into the Air Force. Perhaps there was some way he could get involved with the Air Force while he was still attending Rice. He went to the A i r Force recruiting office to check into the possibilities. The news w a s n ' t good. He was told that he couldn't become a pilot with his poor vision, a n d besides that he was too tall at 6’4”. So he dropped that idea. He d i d eventually pilot his own plane, but his dream of soaring into outer space was never to be realized. Pierce has some regrets now that he didn’t give more time t o studying the humanities while he was at Rice. One day I was with h i m when he was trying to come up with a quote from literature--a line from a poem perhaps--to use in making a point in one of his weekly radio broadcasts. “Let’s see, there’s Sir Walter Scott,” he said both to himself a n d me. “‘Breathes there a man with soul so dead that he has no place he c a n call his native home’--or something like that. No, that isn’t really what I’m trying to evoke exactly. It’s close, but it isn’t really it. You know, when I had the chance to become educated”--now he was looking directly at m e - ”to become a cultured person, I blew it. When I was an undergraduate I took only the mandatory courses in English and history. It is not that I totally wasted my time, I’m not saying that. I mean, I had m a t h e m a t i c s and physics courses to take. But I could have learned so much more if I had realized then the importance of these other things. If I had only h a d paid more attention instead of going out with the boys and seeing h o w much beer I could drink. If I had only stayed home and read more.”

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As he invariably did with whatever we discussed, Pierce brought things around to race when talking about his early years. “When I was growing up,” he told me, “I lived in a white America. When I went downtown t o the big department stores and office buildings and so on, the faces w e r e white. And that wasn’t just true in the places I grew up. It was the s a m e thing in New York City or Los Angeles. For instance, in Los Angeles today, the infrastructure was been taken over by mestizos. The people who d o the manual labor and much of the clerical work, and all of the waitresses and waiters and taxi drivers and bus drivers and garbage collectors a n d street repair crews--they are all Mexicans. How can you convey what i t was like then to someone who was born in the mid-’60s and would be n o w in his mid-thirties. It would have been around 1975 before he would h a v e noticed very much about what was happening around him, and by t h a t time things had already begun to change greatly. I’ve even suggested t o younger people that they go to the library and look at an issue of Life magazine from the '40s. I tell them to look at the group scenes--on t h e streets, or at sports events, or at political rallies, and so on. You don’t s e e minorities. “When I was at Rice as an undergraduate, for example, there were a few Jews who stuck to themselves, but everybody else was white. T h e r e was a sense of fraternity among us. I’m not talking about the football, r a h rah, our-team-win sort of thing. I mean, if you were a Rice man, that w a s something special. It made a difference while you were in school and l a t e r on in life. That kind of feeling is virtually gone today, even in the b e s t universities. Now it is every man for himself. Society--white society anyway--has been atomized. Not completely, but the trend is clear t o someone like me who is old enough to have lived through the change. “We have a substantially different type of society now compared t o before, and people’s attitudes toward society, their connections to it, t h e i r relationship to it, have changed. I’ve tried in what I have been saying a n d writing these last few years to get that point across. I have tried to convey to people what you lose when you lose the racial basis--the blood b a s i s - for a society. I’m trying to do that without looking like just some kind of a nostalgia freak. I realize you can’t go back to the past. But we certainly can study the past to see what was good and bad, and then be guided b y what we learn when we design the future--that is, to the extent we a r e willing and able to design it.” After graduation Alamos Scientific team attempting on to graduate

from Rice, Pierce spent a few months Laboratory, in New Mexico, where he to develop controlled nuclear fusion. studies at the California Institute

working at the Los was a member of a He then continued of Technology, i n

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Pasadena. After a year at Caltech, Pierce accepted a position at the n e a r b y Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where much of America’s i n t e r p l a n e t a r y exploration program was developed, and worked in the area of rocket instrumentation. After fifteen months at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory h e resumed his graduate studies at the University of Colorado, in Boulder, where he received first a master’s degree and then, in 1962, a doctorate i n physics. Pierce told me that all the way through his Colorado years he w a s awarded teaching and research assistantships, which covered his tuition and living expenses. I asked Pierce to write out the topic of his doctoral study: “My doctoral research was on nuclear magnetic dipole and electric q u a d r u p o l e interactions in a GaAs crystal. What that means is that I studied certain types of magnetic and electrical interactions between the nuclei of t h e various isotopes of gallium and arsenic in a gallium arsenide crystal w i t h externally applied magnetic and electrical fields. With the e x t r e m e l y sensitive equipment I designed and built, I could ‘shock’ the atomic nuclei in a crystal into an ‘excited’ state and then watch them ‘decay’ to t h e i r ‘ground state’ by looking at the very weak radio-frequency signal t h e nuclei emitted while decaying. With this technique, one can learn m a n y things about crystal structure and about the electrical and magnetic properties of the atomic nuclei in a crystal. Gallium arsenide is a m a t e r i a l much used in modern semiconductor devices.” In 1962, it was on to Oregon State University to become an assistant professor of physics. Things must have gone well for Pierce at OSU, because he was promoted to associate professor and granted tenure in t h e space of only three years. In the university system’s professorial hierarchy, there is just one more step up from associate professor, and t h a t is full professor. Tenure is permanent status as a faculty member. For all practical purposes, tenure means job security for life. Things w e r e happening fast for Pierce, for it is typical for a new faculty member to t a k e six years to achieve associate professor and tenured status. That is, if t h e individual achieves it at all; the initial years of an academic career are a probationary period during which a new faculty member’s capability a n d productivity are assessed by other faculty and administrators. Many people don't ever make that step up to associate professor or become tenured faculty members. They are denied promotion and tenure a n d replaced by new people who embark on the same climb. Pierce had m a d e it to the peak, so to speak, and he did it by the age of thirty-two. If he h a d chosen to do so, he could have remained a university professor--a highly sought-after position--and lived the comfortable life of a tenured senior faculty member for the rest of his life. Of course, he didn’t choose to d o that.

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While at Caltech, Pierce met an undergraduate student by the name of Patricia Jones and fell in love. He and Patricia were married in California in 1957 when Pierce was at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Patricia's field w a s mathematics. She received a masters degree in mathematics at Oregon State after she and Pierce moved to Oregon when he joined the OSU faculty. When the Pierces moved to Connecticut in 1965, Patricia t a u g h t math to General Dynamics employees. Pierce had decided to leave t h e faculty at Oregon State to take a job as a senior research scientist at P r a t t & Whitney Advanced Materials Research and Development Laboratory i n North Haven, Connecticut. He told me that the money was better at Pratt & Whitney and that he wanted to finance the writing he planned to d o - - a t this point he had a book in mind--in the areas of culture and politics which had come to take a central place in his life. He said that he realized t h a t the direction his thinking was taking him would in all likelihood rule o u t conventional publishing outlets and that he needed to get himself into a position to be able to finance the publication and distribution of h i s writings himself. For that he would need more money than he was m a k i n g at Oregon State. People with his science background could make two o r three times more in private industry than what universities were paying at that time. The Pierces spent a year in Connecticut and then moved to t h e Washington, D.C. area when Pierce left the field of science to take up t h e race-centered work that he has pursued ever since. Patricia joined t h e math faculty at Mary Washington University in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Pierce’s marriage ended in divorce in 1982 after twenty-five years. Pierce's twin sons, Kelvin and Erik, his only children, were born i n 1962. Pierce told me that Kelvin is an aerospace engineer and building contractor. Kelvin's wife is an architect. Erik earned a degree in music b u t then switched over to the field of computer science. He now heads a t e a m of computer programmers. Kelvin is an avid hang-glider, Pierce told m e . Pierce said he has very little contact with his sons. He mentioned seeing Kelvin a couple of years ago when Kelvin came to visit in West Virginia. He never talked about his children when I was with him. Pierce w a s n ' t expansive when discussing that first family and obviously wants to k e e p this part of his life private, so I didn't press him on it. I know that he h a s one grandchild and that Patricia has remarried, but that is all I know. There have been four marriages for Pierce since his divorce f r o m Patricia. Pierce is very self-conscious about his five marriages. When I asked him to tell me the dates of his marriages and to say a bit about e a c h of the women he married, he looked distressed and said, “You aren’t going to go into all my marriages are you?” I said that the book I had in m i n d was primarily about his ideas and public life, but that it was also a b o u t

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him and the interplay of the public and the personal, and that h i s marriages were a part of that. He was silent a second or two and t h e n went down the list. First, there was his marriage to Elizabeth Prostel in 1982, the s a m e year of his divorce from Patricia. Pierce describes Elizabeth as a w o m a n who worked in the National Alliance office he had set up in Arlington, Virginia just outside Washington. This marriage lasted for three years, breaking up when Pierce moved his operations to West Virginia. Pierce told me that Elizabeth balked at moving to “such a wild area, with n o running water and so on.” After his divorce from Elizabeth, Pierce told me he started “playing the personals columns." He said he put ads in Washington, D.C.-area publications and would travel the two hundred miles from West Virginia to meet the women he would contact in this way. One of the woman h e met in this fashion was newly-arrived to this country from Hungary. Her name was Olga Skerlecz. Olga lived in Connecticut, and Pierce drove t h e r e to meet her. Pierce described Olga as a musician and told me that she is related to Baron Ivan Skerlecz, a prominent Hungarian political figure i n the early part of this century who at one point was Banus (governor) of Croatia. 3 Pierce and Olga hit it off, and they were married in 1986. This marriage--number three--lasted until 1990. Olga left Pierce and W e s t Virginia for "greener pastures in California." Pierce says he doesn't k n o w where Olga is now. Since Olga departed, there have been two more Eastern European wives. Pierce says he is attracted to Eastern European women. They a r e more feminine than American women, he says. They don't see it a s demeaning to assume what he calls the woman's role in marriage, which is homemaker. They don't look down at the idea of trying to please a m a n . He says he finds them warmer and less neurotic than the women he d a t e d after the breakup of his first marriage. Pierce says American women b y and large are too spoiled, too soft. They have inflated m a t e r i a l expectations and they don't take to frugality, and they can't deal w i t h sacrifice and hardship well enough. Wife number four was, like Olga, Hungarian. Her first name w a s Zsuzsannah--Sue for short. Pierce says he can't remember her last n a m e . He and Sue were married in early 1991, less than a year after his m a r r i a g e with Olga ended. Pierce wastes no time between marriages. A video of Sue and Pierce together from early 1996 shows her to be a stunningly attractive, slim, dark-haired woman in her early- to mid-thirties. Pierce told me he met Sue through an ad he placed in a Hungarian women's magazine. He was very impressed with both the number and t h e caliber of people who answered his ad. There were university professors and medical doctors and engineers, Pierce noted. And these w e r e

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attractive women too, he said. Sue had been a teacher in a technical high school before she came to this country to be with Pierce. Sue left for Florida in mid-1996 and has remarried. Pierce said t h a t she finally got fed up with living in a broken-down mobile home and w i t h the seventeen-year-old car he was driving. (It has since been replaced b y a late-model white Chevrolet Blazer donated by a National Alliance member.) And now there is Irena, who is also Eastern European, although n o t Hungarian like Olga and Sue. I assume Pierce met her in the same way h e met Sue, through an ad in a European publication. Irena came to W e s t Virginia in mid-1997, and a month later she and Pierce were m a r r i e d . Pierce told me that Irena had been married for seventeen years to an actor in her native country who primarily did stage work. Irena had worked a s an art teacher for twenty-five years before she came to this country. Her unframed watercolors are tacked up around the Pierces’ mobile home, a n d she has painted designs on its windows. She mentioned to me that "Bill" ( I was always taken by Irena's reference to Pierce as “Bill”; it was the only times I have ever heard him referred to as anything but “Dr. Pierce”) doesn't want her to teach art in this country or attempt to sell her pictures here. He wants her to concentrate on her domestic responsibilities. Irena spends her days alone at the trailer with three of Pierce’s cats. They are relatives of Hadley, I guess; Pierce explained the lineage, but i t got by me. I don’t think Pierce relates much if at all to the three c a t s - Hadley is the one for him. I had the sense that Irena is not enamored of the cats and grudgingly endures them. Irena says she would like a television set in the trailer to watch the shows and to help her with h e r English. Pierce said he doesn't want to have a set there because I r e n a would just sit around all day watching it. Pierce comes back for dinner at 5:30 every evening and then goes back to the office at 6:30 to watch the NBC news and work. The times I a t e with the two of them, Irena prepared elaborate and hearty meals complete with desserts. She said people in her country take time with meals. T h e y don't throw things together as she imagines most Americans do. I w a s taken by the fact that a glass of sugary Coke accompanied every meal a t the Pierces'. It seemed incongruous somehow. I never asked about it. I suppose Pierce wants it. As I think back on it, I can't remember w h e t h e r Irena drank the Coke or not. The dinner table in the Pierce’s low-ceilinged trailer has a lace table cloth. Irena expressed concern that the cats h a d torn it. Irena showed me pictures of her art students back in her n a t i v e country, who looked to me to be between the ages of seven and twelve. She said that she misses them very much, and that they have sent h e r letters, a gesture that meant so much to her. She also showed me photos of

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her family and spoke of how close she is to a grown niece, an aspiring actress who looked to me to be in her mid-twenties. Irena has no children of her own. She showed me a picture of where she lived before she c a m e to this country. It was in the second floor of her parents’ home. She occupied half, and her brother had the other half. From the outside, h e r former home looked to be a large-enough and well-kept-up place. It w a s quite nice, actually. Irena played me some recorded traditional music from her country. I was taken by the fact that one of the songs was the melody of a hit song called “Hernando’s Hideaway” from a Broadway musical of years ago. Evidently the composers of the Broadway score had, shall we say, a d o p t e d the traditional melody of this Eastern European country and used it f o r their own purposes. I noted that fact to Irena, but with her as-yet limited English she had difficulty understanding me, and Pierce, in English--I assume he doesn’t speak her native language--attempted to explain to h e r what I was trying to say. I’m not sure she ever quite got my point. Irena had not been back to her home country since she had come t o the United States to marry Pierce, a little over a year at the time I w a s there. I asked her whether she planned any visits to see her family, but, if I understood her reply accurately, her status in the United States--she didn’t as yet have a green card--did not permit it. Several times, I h e a r d her express concern to Pierce about whether she was "legal" and would b e able to stay in this country. While I was in West Virginia, Pierce drove h e r to the town of Elkins, about ninety miles away, to complete s o m e paperwork around her status in this country. I had always assumed that if someone married an American citizen they automatically became a citizen, but that evidently isn’t the case. Just about the only time Irena gets out is for trips to Hillsboro w i t h Pierce in the Blazer to get the mail. He calls her on an intercom to let h e r know that it is time to leave, and she walks down the mountain to m e e t him. She is very concerned about security and always takes her pistol along on the ride. As far as I know, Irena doesn’t drive. The only o t h e r times she was off the property that I knew about the month I was t h e r e was for the resident status paperwork and when Pierce drove her to Elkins for new glasses. Pierce told me that on Sundays Irena wants to go to t h e town of Lewisburg, about forty miles away, to shop and see a film, a n d that he sees it as an imposition on his work but that sometimes he t a k e s the time to go. However, I didn't notice them do that while I was there. After my first dinner at the Pierces', Irena said to me as I w a s leaving, "Thank you so much for coming. I am so lonely." Pierce w a s standing close and heard that, and I assume it made him uncomfortable. He is a very formal and private man, and my impression is that it is important to him to maintain appearances.

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As for the relationship between the two of them, Pierce is s o m e w h a t sharp and condescending to Irena at times, and removed at other times. But then again there is an affection between the two of them and a playfulness. He’s sort of mock-gruff, and she’s light and teasing, and t h e y have fun. And Pierce is very protective of Irena. From Pierce’s side I imagine that he feels cut off at times. Irena doesn’t strike me as a political person, and she really can’t respond or contribute to his ideas or projects. In fact Irena’s limited English makes it difficult as a practical matter t o have an in-depth conversation with her about anything. Pierce told me that he can't live alone. He needs a woman’s w a r m t h , sympathy, and softness, he told me. He said he will do combat in t h e world but he needs to come home to a woman. He told me how lonely h e was in West Virginia before Olga came and then again when she left a n d before Sue came, and then again when Sue left. There is one other very important being in Pierce’s life: Hadley the cat. Pierce dotes on Hadley. Pierce told me the story of getting Hadley s e v e n years ago. “Since the National Alliance started,” Pierce told me, “I’ve a l w a y s had a bluepoint male Siamese. When I met Hadley he was six-and-a-half weeks old. I went to a Siamese kitten-breeding facility in Richmond [Virginia]. It is not a nice thing that the breeders are kept in cages a n d that they spend their lives there. That’s not a normal life for them at all. I told the woman who ran the facility that I wanted a bluepoint male. She went to the back room and came back with Hadley. Here, let me show y o u a picture.” Pierce handed me a snapshot of a hand--I guess it was his--holding a tiny kitten. I looked at the picture for a moment and handed it back t o him. “Hadley and I hit it off right away. He climbed all over me, sniffed everything and checked me out and decided I was OK and went to sleep i n my lap while I was talking to the woman. So I paid two hundred dollars for Hadley, and he went to sleep on my knee driving home from Richmond. Since then we've been together all the time. There’s this process of imprinting. To Hadley, I am his family. Cats are social animals, a n d Siamese in particular bond very strongly to people. And it works b o t h ways. I appreciate Hadley. I like to watch him. To me, he’s a beautiful, graceful work of art. He’s a perfect piece of nature. And Hadley appreciates me, not only because I feed him and take care of him, b u t because he needs the social contact I provide for him. And I think I n e e d that contact too. “Here are some more pictures. This is Hadley as a big boy. Hadley was neutered at the age of two because that's the only way that one c a n

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live with a male cat unless you let him outdoors, and I didn't want Hadley going out.”

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4 ____________ GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, ET AL. "As an undergraduate in college," Pierce told me, "I had a nagging w o r r y about whether I was doing the right thing with my life. Did I really w a n t to be a physicist, the route I was taking at that time? The question I a s k e d myself was, how does a person decide what is the most important thing f o r him to do with his life? Should he be a teacher? A warrior? A doctor? A poet? A painter? Obviously, becoming some of these things is b e y o n d your control. There is no point in trying to be a painter if you can't draw a straight line, or a poet if you can't express yourself in that medium. But this question did keep recurring, along with some corollary questions like: What set of standards do you use for judging what the right course is? What is important for a person to accomplish in his life? I knew I w a n t e d to do something that was important. I had an awareness of my mortality from a very early age, and so it seemed to me that I shouldn't waste m y life doing things that weren't truly important. I didn't want to be on m y deathbed thinking, 'I've blown it; I had one life to live and I didn't do w h a t I should have done.' "While I didn't yet have a clear frame of reference, by the time I got to Oregon State as a professor of physics [in 1962] I had it in my head t h a t I wanted to answer these questions and to direct my life based on t h e answers I came to. I started to do more general reading--before I had n o t had the time, with all my science courses and activities--and gradually things started to take shape in my head about what was important in life. It was a process of crystallizing the teachings I was taking from what I was reading and refining them and learning how to express them m o r e coherently and finding ways to exemplify them. "One of the things that helped me find direction was a play that I first came upon at Caltech back in 1955 or so--Man and Superman. Act three of the play was the one that really struck me. It expressed the i d e a that man shouldn't hold himself back. He should completely use himself up in service to the Life Force. I bought a set of phonograph records t h a t just had that act in it. As I remember, it had Charles Laughton, Charles Boyer, Agnes Morehead, and Cedric Hardwicke--it was well done. Don Juan's expositions were what resonated with me. I listened to that set of records over and over and let it really sink in. The idea of an evolutionary

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universe hit me as being true, with an evolution toward higher and h i g h e r states of self-consciousness, and the philosopher's brain being the m o s t highly developed tool for the cosmos coming to know itself. I felt I understood what Shaw meant. Over time, I have elaborated upon t h i s idea--I came to call it Cosmotheism--and discussed it in a series of talks I gave in the 1970s." I obtained a copy of Man and Superman, the play Pierce referred to a n d read it. 1 It was first performed in 1905 in London and has been a t h e a t e r staple ever since. Coincidentally, a successful run of the play was about t o end in Washington at the time I talked to Pierce about it, and I was able t o drive over from West Virginia to catch a performance before the p l a y closed. Man and Superman was written by the renowned conversationalist, critic, satirist, pundit, and playwright George Bernard Shaw. Shaw w a s born in 1856 in Dublin and died in 1950. Man and Superman is a long play, about three-and-a-half hours. Often act three is performed as a separate piece and called Don Juan in Hell, and this is what Pierce listened to on the record. After reading and seeing the play, it became clear what it was a b o u t this particular play that so captured Pierce's imagination at that time in h i s life. The central question the play explores is the very one that Pierce himself was confronting: what is the most important thing to do with one's life? And not only was the question relevant to Pierce's life at that point, the answer Shaw gives to that question through this play had great a p p e a l to Pierce, and that was to give your all to being a "force of Nature," so t o speak. In prefatory remarks to the published version of the play, S h a w wrote: This is the true joy in life, the being used for a p u r p o s e recognized by yourself as a mighty one; the being thoroughly worn out before you are thrown on the scrap heap; the being a force of Nature instead of a feverish selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will n o t devote itself to making you happy. And also the only r e a l tragedy in life is being used by personally minded men f o r purposes you recognize to be base. 2 The idea of being worn what this bright young In act three of traveled from their

out in the service of a mighty purpose was exactly graduate student in California had been looking for. Man and Superman, its central characters h a v e homes in London to vacation in an u n t a m e d

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mountainous area of Spain. Among them is Jack Tanner (modeled after a young Shaw?), his potential love interest, Ann Whitefield, and Ann's guardian Roebuck Ramsden. Immediately upon arriving in Spain, t h e party is pounced upon by a group of bandits whose chief is a man n a m e d Mendoza. Mendoza, it so happens, is a Jew. As Mendoza puts it, the role of the gang he leads is to "hold up motor cars and secure a more equitable distribution of wealth." Mendoza informs Jack and the others that t h e band of brigands aims to extract a tidy ransom before allowing them to go on their way. Jack tells Mendoza that he is amenable to that idea, but it is mutually decided that since it is late in the evening the transmission of funds would best wait until the morning. So they all bed down for t h e night. They fall off to sleep, and Jack has a dream. Almost all of the r e s t of the act--or play when it is performed separately--is Jack's dream. The setting of Jack's dream is Hell, and everybody in the dream is a character we have met before in the play but transformed into someone else. Jack is the fifteenth-century nobleman Don Juan. Ann becomes Doña Ana de Ulloa--Ana for short. Roebuck is a talking statue. And Mendoza is the Devil. This dream-state setting and cast of characters sets up what is essentially a debate between Don Juan and the Devil about what life o u g h t to be about and which is a better place to be, Don Juan's version of Heaven or the Devil's version of Hell. When the antagonists talk about Heaven a n d Hell it is clear that they aren't referring to places or states "up there" o r "down there" in an afterlife. They are both using Heaven and Hell a s metaphors for ways of being in this life. Don Juan sets out his case early in the act: Hell is the situation h e r e on earth right now. It is the way most people live, and he wants out. " I n Heaven, as I picture it," he declares, "you live and work instead of playing and pretending. You face things as they are; you escape nothing b u t glamour; and your steadfastness and your peril are your glory." 3 What will Don Juan do once he gets to Heaven? He will think: "I h o p e to escape at last from the lies and from the tedious, vulgar pursuit of happiness, to spend my eons in contemplation." And it is not just any k i n d of contemplation that will occupy Don Juan's time in Heaven; it is contemplation of Life (with a capital L), or as it comes to be called as t h e act proceeds, the Life Force. Don Juan declares to Mendoza: "Even as y o u enjoy the contemplation of such romantic mirages as beauty and pleasure, so would I enjoy the contemplation of that which interests me above all things: namely, Life: the force that ever strives to attain greater power of contemplating itself." 4 And just what is this Life which is being referred to? As Don J u a n speaks of it, Life is an entity unto itself, a separate being of sorts. According to Don Juan, Life, or the Life Force, this entity, this being, h a s monumentally important purposes: to become aware of itself a n d

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understand itself, and to realize itself, that is to say, become the finest version of what it truly is. He refers to Life's "continual effort not only t o maintain itself, but to achieve higher and higher organization a n d completer self-consciousness." 5 Don Juan refers to the full achievement of these ends as the attainment of "godhead." 6 As Don Juan sees it, in all likelihood godhead won’t come without a mighty struggle. Life faces extremely formidable enemies: “the forces of Death and Degeneration." 7 Life’s central impulse is to move toward the creation of a s u p e r i o r kind of human being, Don Juan asserts. That is what Life, at its core, is about. Here Don Juan is expressing an evolutionary, Darwinian idea, t h e concept of man evolving into something higher, more advanced than he is now. Life as Don Juan perceives it is the force that seeks to bring a b o u t "higher and higher individuals, the ideal individual being, omnipotent, omniscient, infallible, and withal completely, unilludedly self-conscious: i n short, a god."8 Don Juan brings race into it as he affirms the "great central purpose of breeding the race; ay, breeding it to heights now d e e m e d superhuman; that purpose which is now hidden in a mephistic cloud of love and romance and prudery and fastidiousness, will break through into clear sunlight...." 9 But if the Life Force is going to accomplish its great mission, prevail in its epic struggle, it is going to need some help, says Don Juan. Namely, i t needs brains to give it direction. "It needs a brain, this irresistible force, lest in its ignorance it should resist itself." 10 And later on in the act h e states: "To Life, the force behind the Man, intellect is a necessity, because without it he [the Life Force? man? both?] blunders into death." 1 1 And where is the Life Force going to get the brains it needs? From contemplative, philosophical people like Don Juan. That is why he is leaving Hell and going to Heaven in the first place, to establish b e t t e r contact with the Life Force and figure out exactly what it needs in order t o become self-conscious and self-realized. And more than just provide t h e needed philosopher's brain, Don Juan also aims to provide the Life Force with some brawn to help it stay on course and move forward. Don J u a n intends to take action to help the Life Force along in its journey. Thus Don Juan lauds a certain kind of philosopher, one who "seeks i n contemplation to discover the inner will of the world, in invention t o discover the means of fulfilling that will, and in action to do that will b y the so-discovered means." 12 He holds up the ideal of an individual who c a n see beyond the physical world to the true purpose of Life so that he c a n work for that purpose rather than "thwarting it and baffling it by setting up shortsighted personal aims as at present." 1 3 And what is going to keep us from pursuing this ideal? According t o Don Juan it is our own lack of courage and preoccupation w i t h

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respectability. "Man gives every reason for his conduct save one, and t h a t is his cowardice," he asserts. "All civilization is founded on his cowardice, on his abject tameness, which he calls his respectability." 14 There is a w a y to overcome these personal limitations, however, and that is to find an i d e a worth giving one's life to: "Men never really overcome fear until t h e y imagine they are fighting to further a universal purpose--fighting for a n idea," Don Juan declares. That is why the idea of serving the Life Force is such a powerful one in his eyes. It enables people to live the life t h e y would lead if they weren't so afraid and caught up in what others m i g h t think of them. The Devil responds to Don Juan's assertions by declaring that Nature (his term for the Life Force) in fact has no purpose. You're wrong, counters Don Juan. The philosopher's brain is "Nature's pilot" helping it get to i t s destination. 15 "It is the success with which you have directed the attention of men from their real purpose," Don Juan accuses the Devil, "which is i n one degree or another the same as mine, to yours, that has earned you t h e name of The Tempter. It is the fact that they are doing your will, or r a t h e r drifting with your want of a will, instead of doing their own, that m a k e s them the uncomfortable, false, restless, artificial, petulant, and w r e t c h e d creatures they are." 1 6 In place of that negative circumstance, Don Juan is offering what h e says is a positive alternative: an individual with a purpose in life that goes beyond his own individual needs and wants. Don Juan is holding up t h e image of someone who devotes his life to serving the Life Force. This is a person who supports the Life Force in knowing itself and reaching i t s destination. Don Juan is saying this is how one should live. Don Juan's ideal existence sounds a bit staid and drab to Ana, w h o has been listening to the exchange between the two men. She asks, "Is there nothing in heaven but contemplation, Juan?" To which Don J u a n replies: "In Heaven I seek no other joy! There is the work of helping Life in its struggle upward. Think of how it wastes and scatters itself, how i t raises up obstacles to itself and destroys itself in its ignorance a n d blindness. As long as I can conceive of something better than myself I cannot be easy until I am striving to bring it into existence or clearing t h e way for it. That is the law of my life. That is the working within me of Life's incessant aspiration to higher organization, wider, deeper, i n t e n s e r self-consciousness, and clearer self-understanding. It was the s u p r e m a c y of this purpose that reduced love for me to the mere pleasure of a moment, art for me to the mere schooling of my faculties, religion for m e to the mere excuse for laziness, since it had set up a god who looked at t h e world and said it was good, against the instinct in me that looked t h r o u g h my eyes at the world and saw it could be improved. I tell you that i n

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pursuit of my own pleasure, my own health, my own fortune, I have n e v e r known happiness. It was not love for Woman that delivered me into h e r hands; it was fatigue, exhaustion." 1 7 This last sentence in Don Juan's speech reveals a hint of the notion that women tend to get in the way of what a man has to do in life. It is a n example of the coolness toward women that shows up several places i n this act of Shaw's play. Other examples: At one point Don Juan says, " I turned my back on the romantic man with the artist nature....I told h i m that his beauty worshipping and happiness hunting and woman idealizing was not worth a dump as a philosophy of life." 18 Another example, Don Juan talks about how romantic men had led him "into the worship of Woman." 19 In another context he goes on about how we, p r e s u m a b l y referring to men, are "deluded and mind bended towards honorable love as the highest good, and to understand by honorable love romance a n d beauty and happiness in the possessions of beautiful, refined, delicate, affectionate women." 20 At one point Ana says to Don Juan, "I'm going w i t h you." To which Don Juan replies, "I can find my own way to Heaven, Ana; not yours." 2 1 "I prefer to be my own master, and not the tool of any blundering universal force," the Devil informs Don Juan. "I know that beauty is good to look at; that music is good to hear; that love is good to feel; and that t h e y are all good to think about and talk about....As for your Life force, in t h e end [serving it will lead you to] despair and decrepitude, broken nerve a n d shattered hopes, vain regrets for the worst and silliest of wastes a n d sacrifices, the waste and sacrifice of the power of enjoyment: in a word, t h e punishment of the fool who pursues the better before he has secured t h e good." 22 "But at least I won't be bored," Don Juan replies. "So fare you well, Señor Satan." 2 3 Don Juan then asks the Statue to direct him to Heaven. The Statue replies that the frontier between Heaven and Hell is only the difference between two ways of looking at things. "Any road will take you across if you really want to get there."2 4 And off goes Don Juan. As he fades from view, the Devil warns Ana, "Beware of the p u r s u i t of the Superhuman: it leads to an indiscriminate contempt for t h e Human." 2 5 "Tell me," Ana asks the Devil, "where can I find the Superman?" "He is not yet created," the Devil answers. "Not yet created!” Ana cries. "Then my work is not yet done. I believe in the Life to Come. A father! a father for the Superman!"2 6

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Ana looks at where Don Juan had been standing, but by then he w a s gone. It is remarkable how this play by Shaw that Pierce first read over f o r t y years ago has so many of the elements that have become parts of Pierce's own life. Among them: The disdain for the shallowness and misguidedness of contemporary life. The idea of seeking a grand purpose to direct one's life. The value in facing reality head-on rather than living a life of "playing and pretending." The vital importance of the intellect and of acquiring a comprehensive perspective on things. The idea of serving t h e Life Force as the organizing principle and purpose of one's life. The focus on improving the race. The view of life as a struggle against powerful opposing forces. The anti-Jewish theme (again, in the Shaw play the Devil is a Jew). The importance of courage and the willingness to t r a n s c e n d one's desire for respectability. The virtue in steadfastness, of holding f i r m and staying the course. The perception of a contradiction between love, family, and women on the one hand and men achieving their purpose i n life on the other. It is too simple to say that there is a direct and exclusive causal line between this play and what Pierce has done with his life. Indeed, many factors account for what he has become. But Pierce d o e s single out listening to the Shaw play as a major turning point in his life, and after looking into the play, I believe him. "The Shaw idea,” Pierce told me, "and the elaborations I had made o n it had answered this fundamental question of what was the m o s t important thing that one can do with one's life, the proper purpose in life. In a general sense, anyway, I'd answered it. And that is to serve the Life Force: do whatever you can to make a more conscious, beautiful, highly evolved universe. But that still left the specific question of how d o e s somebody go about doing that? Of course, that question has different answers for different people. You can go about it in different ways. You could be a physicist and learn more about how the universe works. That's one way, and that is the course I had been on. "When I was in graduate school I decided I wanted an academic career in physics even though the salaries in industry at that time w e r e about twice what they were in the university. But buying a lot of goodies didn't appeal to me as much as having the freedom to set my own schedule and work at my own pace and do what I wanted to do and not s o m e project somebody gave me. Back then [it is still true], in universities of t h e first and second rank, physics faculty had responsibility for three classes, nine hours a week. That would give me time to study and think. Plus t h e university environment appealed to me, the ivy-covered buildings and all. So I wanted to be an academic physicist, and that stayed true my first t w o years at Oregon State University."

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"But you didn't stay in physics. Why not?" "Up to that point in my life I never gave any time to thinking a b o u t race or political concerns. I had been just into physics, and, until I w a s married, chasing girls, and my hobbies. I had bought an airplane and w e n t scuba diving and sailing. But this was during the 1960s, remember, and I became increasingly aware of what I saw as very serious social problems. There was the civil rights revolution and the protests against the war i n Vietnam. All this hell-raising. Society was beginning to unravel, and so I had to think about how that fit in with the fundamental issue I w a s confronting. “I think it was just a matter of timing. If I had gone to Oregon State in 1955 when things were much more normal and stable rather than i n 1962 when I did, I probably would have stayed and become a full professor. If I had come earlier I would have had graduate s t u d e n t s working for me and I would have had more connections on campus a n d been older and less adventurous. Maybe I would have deplored what w a s going on and would have talked it over with other people, but I w o u l d probably have stayed on the faculty. “There were two major social developments that were beginning t o be very noticeable in this country and to me as the ‘60s wore on. One of them was the campaign against the war in Vietnam, and the other was t h e civil rights revolution. What really got my attention about the a n t i - w a r activity was the particular way in which it was being carried out. People were actually demonstrating in favor of the communists. They were v e r y open about their sympathy for the Viet Cong. I couldn't help but contrast that kind of thing with the situation in the Second World War. If a n y b o d y had begun waving swastika flags and shouting 'Ho, ho, Hitler's going t o win!' or something like that, a ton of bricks would have fallen on t h e m . Ways would have been found to lock them up, you can be sure of that. Dissent was a big no-no back then. "I thought about why during the Second World War, in contrast t o what was going on in the ‘60s, the government and media were so m u c h more resolute about having everybody in sync, marching in lockstep. I ' m old enough to remember all the little things that were done during World War II to get people in a war frame of mind. For example, they had all sorts of drives and collections for things, as if we had great shortages of these materials, and that made a big difference. They'd collect a l u m i n u m pots and pans and say they were going to make bombers out of them. I ' m not sure they actually did that, but that wasn't what it was all a b o u t anyway. It was to get the civilians involved and stifle dissent. "I was a kid, eight or nine years old, during the war, and I used t o take my wagon and go from house to house and collect kitchen grease. I ' d tell people I was collecting it for the war effort. I suppose they d i d

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convert the grease into high explosives, but again, these drives were to g e t people involved and in the mood for the war. The government didn't w a n t to give people the chance to think any other way. By the way, what I ' d actually do with the stuff I collected was sell it at the grocery store f o r eight or ten cents a pound. I made good money doing that. "Another example of what I'm talking about is they had people i n Norfolk [Virginia], where I lived, digging air raid shelters. There was a big naval base there, so it was a strategic center. But really, there was n o chance there was going to be an air raid in Norfolk. Where was it going t o be launched from? The enemy had no bases anywhere close enough to g e t that done. But they had people digging shelters and acting as air r a i d wardens. They even had people paint the top half of their car headlights black so the lights wouldn't shine so much. Just busywork to get people i n the right mood and keep them from dissenting regardless of what t h e i r private thoughts were. "But in the Vietnam war, where we were fighting against little yellow people instead of our own kindred as we were in World War II against t h e Germans, we had none of this boost-the-war sort of activity. And we h a d people demonstrating on behalf of the enemy, waving Viet Cong flags a n d burning American flags. It took me a while to start putting the pieces together and see, for example, how prominent Jews were in these a n t i - w a r activities, and how they were using the war as a tool for social change, social upheaval. Fairly quickly I saw that something serious was going on, and it got me thinking and reading about other wars we had fought a n d what our motivation was then and the significance of what was going o n now, why this big sympathy for communism and so on. "As for the civil rights revolution, of course there had been people working on that for a long time, but in the ‘60s it really made t h e headlines and got on television with the kind of theater and speechifying that was going on, the sit-ins at lunch counters and marches and all. T h e r e were a lot of things happening on the campus in connection with this, a n d it caused me to stop and think. As I said before, if things had been m o r e or less normal during these years and the problems had been the u s u a l social vices like alcoholism, smoking, and so on, I probably would h a v e thought and talked about it some, but I wouldn't have seen any need to g e t involved in a crusade or change my life over it. But I saw the a n t i - w a r and civil rights movements as being fundamentally more important t h a n these other things, and that they were taking us somewhere. The e v e n t s themselves may have been transitory, but they were part of a n accelerating change in our society. I was interested in where we w e r e headed and whether we really wanted to go there, and whether I w a n t e d society to go there.

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“Other faculty on my campus were getting involved in these issues, but at that point I hadn't taken sides. I was still mainly interested i n physics, playing with my electronic toys, and teaching my courses. I w a s just trying to figure out what it all meant. But as I got a clearer picture of what it did all mean, I found it more and more disturbing. I came to s e e the anti-war movement and the failure of the government to fully s u p p o r t the military effort in Vietnam as literally killing our people. Young Americans were dying in Southeast Asia at a substantial rate. War is a serious matter, and if it is going to be the government's policy they o u g h t to go at it full bore and make sure the mission is accomplished as soon a s possible so as to minimize casualties. The crap that was going on d u r i n g those years, the pro-Viet Cong demonstrations and so on--and it w a s mostly Jews who were organizing these things--ought not to be tolerated. "It was clear to me that the government wasn't going at this war i n Vietnam full bore. The people in Washington setting the war policy w e r e more concerned about what the Washington Post was going to say about i t than whether it was good military strategy. And, really, that w a s understandable, because back in World War II the government didn't h a v e to worry about public opinion because all the major p r o p a g a n d a instruments--the motion picture industry, the big newspapers, and so on, controlled by Jews it so happened--liked that war a lot and were o n e hundred percent cooperative. Things were different now because the big media outlets weren't enamored of the Vietnam war, and the g o v e r n m e n t had to take that into account so as not to run up against them. “And I could see where the civil rights movement was headed. T h e y were aiming at the complete social integration of blacks into white society. There had been the Brown versus the Topeka Board of Education decision by the Supreme Court in 1954 integrating the schools, and Eisenhower h a d sent the troops to Little Rock in '58 to enforce integration at Central High School there. I was a graduate student then and didn't pay all that m u c h attention to what was going on, but now at Oregon State I did. This w a s going to result in black culture having a much bigger effect on w h i t e culture than it had had, and it was going to lead to greater numbers of interracial marriages and racially mixed children. I saw that coming. "We already had jazz. I know a lot of whites are fanatics about it, but personally I never could see what the hell the attraction was. But i t wouldn't just be the defensible things like jazz that we were going to get. We were also going to get black attitudes toward work and sex a n d education and authority and personal restraint, and we were going to g e t the rest of their music, and all that was going to degrade white culture, n o t enrich it. That was coming along if the civil rights revolution had its way. "And at about this time I took my first hard look at interracial marriage," Pierce said. Pierce then told me about another physics

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professor with whom he socialized. This professor had married a ‘mulatto woman,’ as Pierce described her, and they had had several children. Pierce said their situation raised questions for him and evoked what he called a n instinctive response. Why did his friend choose to marry this w o m a n ? Pierce asked himself. How could he feel a kinship with her? Pierce w a s repelled by the "awful looking" appearance of the children, whom h e described as “flat-faced and dusky-colored.” Pierce said he knew t h i s father loved these children, but he just couldn't understand how h i s colleague could identify with them. This must have been a very powerful formative experience for Pierce because he brought it up several t i m e s during my talks with him. I think his reaction to this interracial couple and their children, whom he knew quite well, and the jumble of thoughts and feelings it evoked in him, was a major turning point in his life. He respected his fellow scientist, was friends with him, saw the love in t h i s family, and at the same time found himself churning over it and thinking that something was off about it, unnatural. It prompted him to r a i s e questions the answers to which would shape the course of his life. "I knew enough about history,” Pierce continued, “to realize that y o u really have to keep your finger in the dike or it is going to get out of control. The average white guy who only thinks about what is going t o happen thirty minutes from now doesn't see that. He sees blacks demonstrating for civil rights and he doesn't look at it as any real threat t o him--and besides, he probably buys into the idea being sold him that w h a t is going on is all about freedom and social justice and not about culture a n d racial survival. He doesn't worry about what this is going to mean for h i s children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren and g r e a t - g r e a t grandchildren. But if he were to look at this from an historical and racial perspective, he'd see that if he allows this to happen, in a few generations up the road it is going to mean the end of white America. We are going t o end up another Brazil [a mixed-raced nation]. "I realize that I have a turn of mind that leads me to exaggerate a n d oversimplify things for the sake of better understanding, and I know t h e r e are dangers in that. But I think that tendency in me helps me get to t h e essence of things. I do believe it helped me get at the core of what w a s going on with these two social movements--civil rights and anti-Vietnam war--when for the first time in my life I had the opportunity and t h e desire to pay close attention to what was going on around me. What c a m e out of it for me was the realization that I had to do something about t h e conclusions I was coming to. And that posed some real challenges to me. I liked physics and didn't want to give it up. Being in a university is a relatively easy life. There's status and long vacations, and the money is pretty good, actually. I had a young family to support--two sons--and m y

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wife wasn't working and she was completely dependent couldn’t stay quiet about this."

on me.

But I

"All through this time I was doing a lot of reading," Pierce told me, "and that helped me form my interpretation of the world around me. I t h o u g h t that only after I interpreted the world around me could I answer t h e question of specifically what I should do with my life. I have always b e e n an eclectic reader, so I would wander through the shelves of a library a n d spot a book that struck my fancy and take it home and read it." Among the books Pierce read, he told me, were those by the German philosopher of history, Oswald Spengler, including Decline of the West, Hour of Decision, and Men and Technics. 27 Pierce said he also had r e a d some of Spengler's aphorisms. Spengler was born in 1880 and died i n 1936. He is best known for Decline of the West, published in two volumes in 1918 and 1922.28 Decline of the W e s t contains a pessimistic thesis, t h a t Western civilization is in a period of decline and that its rejuvenation is impossible. Pierce came away from reading Spengler with the idea t h a t Western civilization is under threat and that its continuance is problematic, that there are no guarantees that our way of life will persist and that w e had better be vigilant to what is happening to it. “I also read Brooks Adams at Oregon State,” Pierce told me. “He wasn't as much of an influence in an ethical and epistemological sense a s Shaw was, but in terms of understanding history and different types of people, I thought he had a lot of insight." Brooks Adams was a late-nineteenth century economist a n d historian. He was a member of the distinguished Adams family: his g r e a t grandfather was John Adams, one of the Founders and the second President; his grandfather was the sixth President, John Quincy Adams; and his brother was the famed Harvard historian, Henry Adams. The Brooks Adams book that influenced Pierce was his 1903 tome, The Law o f Civilization and Decay.29 In particular, there was one point from the book that stuck with Pierce: the distinction Adams draws between two basic types of individuals. Adams referred to one type as spiritual men and t o the other as economic men. Adams describes spiritual men as adventurous and idealistic. T h e y are men of vision and daring. They have a strong connection to their roots, to their heritage. Spiritual men are builders of civilization, says Adams. As examples of spiritual men, he lists farmers, warriors, and poets. A d a m s sees the English yeomanry--farmer/warriors in olden days--as epitomizing spiritual men. Adams says that economic men come to the fore after a civilization is built. While the spirit of adventure and the current of idealism run strong in spiritual men, economic men are materialists. T h e y

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are typified by the merchant and the bureaucrat. Pierce draws o n Adams's categorizations to characterize economic men as the ones w h o know how to calculate the odds and evaluate an opportunity. They h a v e cut themselves loose from their spiritual roots and become cosmopolitans to the extent that that offers them a personal and economic advantage. Pierce cites contemporary lawyers, businessmen, and politicians a s examples of economic men. Since those early days at Oregon State Pierce has been concerned by what he sees as the loss among European men of their spiritual and esthetic sense, their warrior spirit, and their feeling f o r what is divine. As he did with reference to Adams' concept economic men, Pierce often uses the word "cosmopolitan" and "cosmopolitanism" to describe what has become of European Americans, and obviously he doesn't like it. In one of our talks I asked him to define the term cosmopolitan. "Basically, cosmopolitan, at least as I use it," he replied, "is a synonym f o r multicultural. I date the word cosmopolitan back to the 1930s when t h e magazine by that name was launched--or at least I think it was in the '30s. Anyway, in that context cosmopolitan was used to refer to someone w h o was urbane, sophisticated, familiar with many things, not narrow a n d parochial at all. In that day it didn't have the connotation I and o t h e r s bring to it now, which is someone who is deracinated--devoid of r a c e - - a n d rootless. When I use it I think of whites in someplace like New York City or Washington, D.C." "So when you talk about cosmopolitan, you're not so much getting a t the idea of someone who is 'with it,' which is the way I think of it." "No, for me cosmopolitan has a different meaning from that. To m e , it means no longer really white, no longer really Western. It is a b l e n d e d sort of person, I guess that is how to put it." "Also around this time," Pierce told me, "I read Thus Spoke Zarathustra b y Friedrich Nietzsche, and that had a big impact on me."30 Nietzsche--born i n 1844, died in 1900--was a German philosopher and classical scholar. He was a professor of classics at the University of Basel in Switzerland f r o m 1868 to 1878, when he retired due to poor health. Nietzsche d e v o t e d himself to writing from that point until 1889 when he suffered a m e n t a l breakdown from which he never recovered. He wrote a number of books, among them, The Birth of Tragedy, Beyond Good and Evil, and T h e Genealogy of Morals. The book Pierce read, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, w a s written from 1883 to 1885 and published in four parts, the last being i n 1892. It alternates between poetry, parodies, epigrams, and pronouncements by the prophet Zarathustra to his admirers. Thus S p o k e Zarathustra is widely considered to be Nietzsche's greatest work. Nietzsche is ranked among the most influential and widely studied a n d

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debated philosophers in the history of that field. He has had a g r e a t influence on many philosophers, artists, psychologists, and social analysts, and remains widely discussed to this day. Three ideas that Nietzsche formulated bear mention in this context: the will to power; the concept of the overman, or superman; and t h e contrast between what Nietzsche called a "slave morality" and a " m a s t e r morality." By will to power Nietzsche meant the urge to dominate or master. He saw this urge as being a primary force in all life, including in man. T h e will to power, according to Nietzsche, explains the human tendency t o press forward--often in the face of great strain, tension, and pain, a n d even the prospect of death--to accomplish tasks that allow one to feel powerful, capable, and strong. Some have misinterpreted Nietzsche a s equating the will to power with domination and mastery over o t h e r people. Much more, Nietzsche was talking about power over one's self. He wasn't really interested in political or economic power. What he m o s t cared about was self-mastery and self-overcoming--becoming better t h a n one is now. Nietzsche saw the will to power as the force that gives a u n i q u e value to human life. He thought that mankind could use this force consciously to become the embodiment of the vision of a higher form of man that he articulated. He imagined human beings mastering their o w n energies and channeling them so as to serve the process of transforming themselves into beings of boundless passion, fierce joy, and creative might. These creatures would be the overmen, or supermen. They would e m b o d y our glorious destiny. But there is one obstacle in the way of achieving the superman t h a t Nietzsche perceived, and it takes the form of a set of moral values--that is to say, concepts of right and wrong. Nietzsche called that set of m o r a l values that stood in the way of the development of the superman t h e "slave morality." He contended that the slave morality is the product of the fear and resentment of the strong and accomplished by the weak a n d less able. He accused the Christian church of articulating and legitimizing the resentment of the common people against the masterful people i n order to gain power for itself. The church encourages lesser people t o define their own weakness as good and the aggressive strength a n d mastery of their betters as bad, said Nietzsche. According to the slave morality, pride and ferocity are bad and meekness and humility are good; and tough-mindedness is bad and sentimentality is good. The slave morality condemns self-assertion as arrogance, perverts the body a n d sexuality with shame, and undercuts earthly life by extolling an illusionary afterlife. Nietzsche saw the slave morality as essentially a denial of life.

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Nietzsche called for a new, master morality which will affirm life pursued with zeal, promote self-transcendence, and eliminate a preoccupation with guilt. Nietzsche implored man to remain faithful to t h i s earth. Instead of constructing an ideal above the clouds that only underscores human inferiority, he wanted us to conceive of a higher t y p e of humanity and exert ourselves to realize it. But in order to embark o n that adventure, he contended, we have to expunge the morality that k e e p s us enslaved. The superman and the means of creating this being m u s t become the standard of value, said Nietzsche. "What was it about Nietzsche that hit home with you?" I a s k e d Pierce. "In the prologue of Zarathustra there are some lines that stuck in m y mind. Let me see if I can find them." Pierce reached behind him, immediately found his paperback copy of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, flipped pages for about three seconds, and began reading passages: "'Behold, I teach you the Superman. The Superman is the meaning of the earth. L e t your will say: The Superman shall b e the meaning of the earth!’ 31 ...'Man is a rope, fastened between animal and Superman--a rope over an abyss. A dangerous going-across, a dangerous wayfaring, a dangerous looking-back, a dangerous shuddering and staying-still. What is great in man is that h e is a bridge and not a goal; what can be loved in man is that he is a goingacross.’ 32 ...'I love all those who are like heavy drops falling singly from t h e dark cloud that hangs over mankind: they prophesy the coming of t h e lightning and as prophets they perish. Behold, I am a prophet of t h e lightning and a heavy drop from the cloud: but this lightning is called Superman.'" 3 3 "The Superman--what does that concept mean to you?" I a s k e d Pierce. "Nietzsche spent a lot of time in his writings, and especially i n Zarathustra, lamenting human frailties and foolishness and looking f o r w a r d to the time when we will overcome these things. To Nietzsche, t h e Superman embodies the ideal outcome of this process of overcoming. T h e Superman represents what man can become at his best. The S u p e r m a n does not exist as yet. He is not yet born. But he will be born out of mankind. He isn't some kind of separate or transcendent being. So i t comes down to an evolutionary job, a breeding job, which is to b e completed over, probably, a great period of time. The task of those alive now is to prepare the earth for the Superman, pave the way, serve t h i s process. Do you see what I am saying?” "I think so. I have read a fair amount of Nietzsche's writings. Do y o u have a picture of the Superman in your mind?"

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"To some extent. I think we can get some hints or partial ideas of what the Superman is like by looking at the range of qualities we see i n ourselves and other people today and in people in the past, and t h e n putting those qualities on a scale of low to high based on Nietzschean values, and then extrapolating to the very highest ideal. I think that g e t s us heading in the right direction.” "What kinds of qualities are at the top of the scale as you see it?" "Wisdom is one--wisdom grounded in objectivity, the ability to s e e the world as it really is. And there's courage, not being fearful o r cowardly. Self-mastery is one--in fact, this is probably the most valuable trait a person can have. And willpower, the ability to use fully all of t h e talents and strengths that you have and not succumbing to weaknesses, and being able to stick to a task once you've made the decision to d o something, putting everything else aside and focusing your ability a n d energy on accomplishing that task. Those are some that I put at the top of the list. "I have a cartoon somewhere I clipped out of a New Yorker magazine that every writer ought to have hanging on the wall. It is a guy sitting a t his typewriter trying to write, and there is this little demon on h i s shoulder, and the demon is saying, ‘Hey, let's go down to O'Malley's a n d have a brew!' The guy is obviously tormented because that is exactly w h a t he wants to do, but at the same time he is trying to force himself to stay a t his typewriter and write. “A great weakness of mine I have tried to overcome is procrastination--goofing off and doing easy things rather than addressing the really hard things. Willpower, the ability to use oneself fully, is s o important. And I think it is a quality that can be maximized with p r o p e r childraising and educational approaches. We can greatly improve in t h i s area over what ends up being the case with people today. That is why I think permissiveness is such a destructive way of raising kids. The only way a child learns self-control that he can exercise as an adult is if external discipline is applied to him when he is young. It is only when a child is given a task to do and he knows that he must do it or there will b e hell to pay can he develop the strengths that will support him i n overcoming hardship and adversity and getting really big jobs done i n later life. "The philosophy today so often is that children shouldn't be p u s h e d to do things they don't want to do, and that they should never have t o experience failure or the consequences of failure, and that there should always be a way out. I think it is disastrous to teach kids that there are n o real consequences, that nothing bad is really going to happen to you if y o u goof off when you have been told to do something. It just trains people t o behave that way.

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“My parents were probably a little better than average in t h e i r attitudes toward childraising. I look and I see some areas where I a m strong because of how they brought me up, but I can also see some of m y weaknesses, and I think of how much better it would be for me today, h o w much more I would be able to accomplish, if I had had a much m o r e rigorous upbringing than I had. And this of course was a long time ago, fifty-sixty years. Things have gotten worse since then, with the influence of television and the permissive Dr. Spock philosophy and what's going o n in schools and everything else. [Dr. Benjamin Spock was a pediatrician whose views on childraising were especially influential in the 1950s a n d ‘60s.] "But going on with Nietzsche, what I see in him is a striving for a higher type of humanity. To me, that means a more beautiful, more noble human being and human existence. You see that throughout Nietzsche, a n d to me that is the core of his teaching.” "And there was this Tennyson poem I really liked in those years,” s a i d Pierce. "Tennyson was the poet laureate of England. The poem is called ‘Ulysses.’ 34 Let me see if I can find it." Pierce stood up, turned around and briefly scanned his bookcase a n d extracted a small book. He turned back toward me and, still standing a n d without any introduction, began reading from the beginning--"It little profits an idle king....”--and read all the way to the end of the seventy-line poem. An aged Ulysses declares that he will press on with a heroic, adventurous quest to the end of his life: "I cannot rest from travel; I will drink Life to the lees." "How dull it is to pause, to make an end, to r u s t unburnished, not to shine in use." The poem ends with a call to others t o join him: Come, my friends, 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Push off, and sitting well in order smite The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die. It may be that the gulfs will wash us down; It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles, And see the great Achilles, whom we knew. Though much is taken, much abides; and though We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are: One equal temper of heroic hearts,

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Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. When Pierce finished reciting the Tennyson poem, he carefully returned the book to its place on the bookshelf and sat down again, and w e looked at each other silently for a time.

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5 ____________ ADOLF HITLER A number of the books Pierce read during his Oregon State years w e r e about a man whose life and ideas were to give him both inspiration a n d direction: Adolf Hitler. How Pierce could have found anything at all to like in the most universally despised figure of our time, and probably of all time, begs explanation. This chapter will attempt to explain how i t happened. “One of the books I came across when I was at Oregon State University w a s called Hitler: A Study of T y r a n n y by Alan Bullock,” Pierce told me. 1 “Bullock was one of those court historian types. He'd write the kind of interpretations of history that would get him patted on the head a n d promoted and so on. So this was a hostile biography of Hitler. But nevertheless, what Hitler had done in a very few years and h o w remarkable it was came through to me. In 1918 Hitler was in a military hospital blinded from a British poison gas attack. He was just a corporal, he had no family, a limited education, no friends, no connections, n o political status, nothing. He decides that he will lead Germany i n redressing the grievous wrongs that had been done to it after the First World War and straightening out some of the mistakes that were being made in German society. And fifteen years later he is Chancellor of Germany and he did what he said he was going to do. A wounded w a r veteran with nobody to help him, and he pulled it up just through his o w n willpower. That is an amazing story. “I'm sure that Bullock would have been surprised to hear the effect his book was having. It certainly had a major influence on me. Not that I could manage to do anything of the magnitude of what Hitler did, but w h a t a person can accomplish if he has a purpose and gives everything of himself to accomplishing it, that was what came through to me. I'm s u r e that if Hitler weren't so antithetically opposed to the Jewish spirit which governs the world today, he would not be so demonized as he is. If h e were not such a deadly threat, they wouldn't bother. “Another book that made a big impression on me was a little book called The Young Hitler I Knew by August Kubizek. 2 Kubizek was a close friend of Hitler's when they were both teenagers. They went to school together in Linz, Austria. Kubizek was a mild, mousey sort of guy. He a n d

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Hitler went to the opera all the time. They would get special s t u d e n t admission, which didn't entitle them to a seat but rather to a standing position in front of the columns that supported the balcony. On a v e r y cold night in 1906--Hitler would have been seventeen-years-old--the t w o of them went to see a performance of Rienzi by Wagner. [The opera is about a Roman tribune, Cola Rienzi, who is portrayed as a patriotic h e r o who wrests power from a corrupt oligarchy.] Apparently the experience had a profound impact on Hitler. Kubizek describes in his book how a f t e r the performance Hitler seemed very intense. It was late at night, and t h e y walked together to the outskirts of town to a hill and stood under the stars. And then there was this outburst of emotion from Hitler. Words s u d d e n l y started pouring out of him in a straining, hoarse voice about this feeling h e had that his destiny was to lead the German people. Kubizek thought t o himself, ‘What the hell has gotten into this guy, has he lost his mind?’ "Kubizek and Hitler later went to Vienna together, Kubizek to s t u d y music at the conservatory there and Hitler to go to art school, although i t turned out they wouldn't admit him. Kubizek and Hitler drifted apart, a n d Kubizek went on to have a fairly respectable career as a concert musician, and of course Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany. In 1941 o r thereabouts, Kubizek received an invitation to attend an a n n u a l performance of The Ring by Wagner. In the presence of Winnifred W a g n e r in her home he met Hitler again after not seeing him for thirty years or so. Kubizek said to Hitler, 'Do you remember that night in Linz when w e climbed the Freienberg [the hill ] after seeing Rienzi?' Hitler replied, 'Yes, indeed I do. In that hour it began.'" "Why did that story stick with you?" I asked. "It really inspired me. Seeing someone take his life so seriously a n d aspire to great things for his people--that stayed with me. And also, reading about this episode was one of the things that pushed Hitler to t h e center of my universe." I found the section of the book by Kubizek about the time he a n d Hitler saw Rienzi together that Pierce had referred to. Kubizek tells of standing with the eighteen-year-old Hitler after the opera late at night beneath brilliant stars: Adolf stood in front of me; and now he gripped both of m y hands and held them tight. He had never made such a g e s t u r e before. I felt from the grasp of his hands how deeply moved h e was. His eyes were feverish with excitement. The words d i d not come smoothly from his mouth as they usually did, b u t rather erupted, hoarse and raucous. From his voice I could tell even more how much this experience had shaken him....I cannot repeat every word that my friend uttered. I was s t r u c k

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by something strange, which I had never noticed before, e v e n when he had talked to me in moments of the g r e a t e s t excitement. It was as if another being spoke out of his body, and moved him as much as it did me. It wasn't at all a case of a speaker being carried away by his own words. On t h e contrary; I felt as though he himself listened with astonishment and emotion to what burst forth from him with e l e m e n t a r y force. I will not attempt to interpret this phenomenon, but i t was a state of complete ecstasy and rapture, in which h e transferred the character of Rienzi, without even mentioning him as a model or example, with visionary power to the p l a n e of his own ambitions. But it was more than a cheap adaptation. Indeed, the impact of the opera was rather a sheer external impulse which compelled him to speak. Like flood w a t e r s breaking their dykes, his words burst forth from him. He conjured up in grandiose, inspiring pictures his own future a n d that of his people.3 Kubizek then goes on to say, as Pierce remembers accurately, t h a t thirty years later Hitler told him "In that hour it began." What c a m e through to Pierce was the tremendous sense of mission that Hitler exemplified. One's life could be rooted in a grand purpose. One's own life could be taken that seriously. One could attribute that level of importance to his own existence. I think that Pierce took all that to heart, and that i t has strongly affected how he sees himself and his own possibilities a n d what he has done with his life. By the way, the Wagner opera not only depicts Rienzi's rise. It also records his downfall, as at the close of t h e opera he is overthrown by a mob. “Another book I read," Pierce told me, "was by Dietrich Eckart, and i t was called Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin." Although it was later when I read it, in 1965, it did have a big effect on me. It was a short work, actually a booklet or a pamphlet. It was only available in German, but i t was written in clear, simple prose, so I got out my German dictionary and I translated it. The booklet is an imagined, or reconstructed, dialogue between Eckart and Hitler. The two were close friends, and Hitler considered Eckart a mentor--Eckart was twenty-one years older t h a n Hitler. They undoubtedly had many conversations on the subject m a t t e r covered by the booklet. “Eckart’s booklet helped me get an understanding of the Jews. I n particular, it opened my eyes to the message in the Old Testament. Biblical material tends to be misleading because of the high-flown poetic language in which it is written. I hadn’t really absorbed the message in the Old Testament until I went back to it after reading the Eckart book. It gave m e

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a lot of insight into the Old Testament and the ways the Jews work. I h a d read the Bible through rose-colored glasses when I was a kid. I still q u o t e some of the things I learned from the Eckart book. “Eckart wrote Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin in 1923 just b e f o r e he was imprisoned by the German government for his involvement w i t h Hitler. He died as a consequence of his imprisonment. I published m y translation of it in a magazine I had started called National Socialist World.” I found the issue of National Socialist World that contained Pierce’s translation of Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin. 4 In the foreword to h i s translation, Pierce writes that Eckart was born in 1868 in Bavaria. Pierce describes him as a “a poet, a playwright, a journalist, a scholar, and a philosopher, as well as a dedicated fighter for the National Socialist cause.” 5 Pierce writes that Eckart was an “intimate companion” of Hitler. That m a y be true, but after reading this material I came away with the impression that while Eckart may have compiled this volume based on his talks w i t h Hitler and he may have been trying to express Hitler’s basic ideas, the w a y things are expressed in this work is more Eckart than Hitler. The p a m p h l e t was laden with footnotes and read like a scholarly article. In his foreword, Pierce said Eckart aimed the pamphlet at the equivalent of a high school graduate. If that was Eckart’s intention, I think he missed the mark. I can’t imagine the typical high-school graduate--or college graduate, f o r that matter--engaging the turgid prose of this volume. Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin amounts to the harshest of condemnations of the historical role of the Jews. Some examples: • With reference to The Old Testament, Hitler--or better, the Hitler character--is quoted as saying, “Really, the Book of Joshua should suffice; such a thing of uninterrupted genocide, of bestial cruelty, of shameless rapacity and cold-blooded cunning--Hell incarnate. And everything in t h e name of Jehovah, in fact, according to his express wish!”6 • Hitler is quoted as saying that when translating the Bible from t h e Hebrew, Martin Luther translated a certain word as “racial kinsman.” “But then,” Hitler relates, “the rabbi came and said that the word m e a n s ‘neighbor.’ And so we have the translation: ‘Love they neighbor as thyself,’ rather than, as it should be: ‘Love thy racial kinsman as thyself.’”7 • Eckart says: “No country, writes Sombart, displays more of a Jewish character than the United States. We have already seen a consequence of this in the [First] World War. In 1915, at a time when the true Americans hadn’t the slightest thought of a war against us and, in fact, were s o disposed toward us that any indication of a possible conflict of i n t e r e s t could have been smoothly and amicably settled, a secret advisory committee met with President Wilson for the sole purpose of preparing t h e

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country for war against Germany. And who was the chief wire-puller i n these nefarious activities which were set into motion a full two y e a r s before the engagement of the United States in the war? The previously unknown Jew, Bernard Baruch.” 8 Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin was unfinished at the time of Eckart's death in 1923 and was published posthumously drawing u p o n Eckart’s notes. Pierce reports in his journal article that Eckart’s last lines before his notes broke off were the following: “The realization of t h e unconditional dependence on his [the Jew’s] victims appears to me to b e the main cause for his hatred. To be obliged to try to annihilate us with all his might, but at the same time to suspect that that must lead inevitably t o his own ruin, therein it lies. If you will: the tragedy of Lucifer.”9 “I also read a book called The Lightning and the Sun by Savitri Devi, w h o had a very worshipful view of Hitler,” Pierce told me. After Pierce mentioned that he had read The Lightning and the Sun, I made it a point t o look into the book and its author. I found Devi to be a most interesting character. The Lighting and the Sun was published in Calcutta, India i n 1958. Devi was born Maximiani Portas in 1905 in Lyons, France. Her mother was English, and her father was of Greek and Italian background and a citizen of France. She took the Hindu name Savitri Devi when i n 1932 she emigrated to India, which she considered the cradle of the A r y a n race. Devi's many writings, published with the help of her B r a h m a n husband, synthesized Hindu thought and Nordic racial ideology. She idolized Adolf Hitler and gave both him and the ideology of National Socialism a mystique that elevated them beyond the narrow realities of German history to a kind of cult status. After World War II, Devi w a s arrested in Cologne, Germany and imprisoned by the British occupational forces for Nazi propaganda activities. From the 1960s until her death i n 1982, she was a leading figure in the internationalist neo-Nazi 10 underground. Devi began The Lightning and the Sun in 1948 and finished it i n 1956 while in prison. It is a long volume--it could have used some b l u e penciling--and in places dense and esoteric, with lengthy discourses on t h e elements of Hinduism she considered to be the legacy of the A r y a n tradition. The book deals with a number of Devi's convictions, including vegetarianism and the protection of the natural environment, but it w a s her enthusiasm for National Socialism and adoration for Hitler which m o s t came through to Pierce. Devi used a "man against time" doctrine she formulated to p o r t r a y Hitler as a mythic, god-like being. 11 In Devi's thinking, men against t i m e are earthly embodiments of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Vishnu is n o t

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conceived as a knowing, separate being in the way that the Judeo-Christian religions conceive of God. Rather, it is a force or aspect of all existence. Vishnu is the world sustainer, the tendency of every being to m a i n t a i n itself and to procreate in its own likeness. It is the power that opposes disintegration and death. Men against time, says Devi, are "saviors of t h e world: forces of life, directed against the downward current of [seemingly] irresistible change; [they are] forces of life tending to bring the world b a c k to original, timeless perfection." 12 These men against time combine t h e highest enlightenment and ideals ("sun") with the often destructive p o w e r of a force of nature ("lightning")--thus the title of the book, The Lightning and the Sun. In Devi's conceptualization, men against time tend to b e martial heroes who, in the words of her biographer, Nicholas GoodrickClarke, "work to redeem the world from the thrall of the dark age." 13 T h e y combine wisdom with practicality--including ruthlessness and violence--to save and regenerate the world. They are the real heroes of history. Devi revered Hitler as the greatest man against time in all of recorded history. She viewed him as the champion of the old European tribal principles against degenerate cosmopolitanism, capitalism, a n d democracy. She admired in Hitler the very things others find a b h o r r e n t - his racist ideas and his anti-Semitism. She applauded the laws h e propagated forbidding Aryans and Jews to marry, considering these l a w s instrumental in reviving the Aryan separatism she saw manifested in t h e Indian caste system. Goodrick-Clarke writes: His [Hitler's] domestic modesty, vegetarianism, and abstention from alcohol she saw as the typical traits of the kindly ascetic. His ruthless use of military violence against his enemies in a resistant fallen world, no less his uncompromising plan t o exterminate the Jews, an age-old adversary and counterimage of the heroic Aryans, identified him as the essential "Man Against Time." 1 4 Devi describes Hitler as "the true friend of his people," and "inspired by the inner vision of a healthy, beautiful, and peaceful world, a r e a l earthly paradise reflecting cosmic perfection." 1 5 And then there was Hitler's own book, Mein Kampf. “When I was a t Oregon State,” Pierce told me, “I read Mein Kampf for a second time. I h a d read it the first time as an undergraduate, but it didn't really turn on a light at that time. It did when I read it again at Oregon State, though. This man, Hitler, understood things pretty much the same way I did, and h e was a gifted man in the way he went about things in politics. Although I

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knew I couldn't do what he did: I don't relate well to other people, and I ' m not a speaker. I was still left with the question of exactly what it was t h a t I could do with my life.” Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th, 1889 in a town in u p p e r Austria by the name of Braunau am Inn. He was arrested for a n unsuccessful putsch (political insurrection) in November of 1923. Hitler dictated Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while he was in prison. He was in h i s mid-thirties at that time. Mein Kampf was published in two volumes, i n 1925 and 1926. The book gives Hitler's own account of his life, outlines the ideology of National Socialism, and relates the history of the Nazi p a r t y and its plans for the future. A couple of years before Hitler b e c a m e Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Mein Kampf became a bestseller--which is not to say that all that many Germans actually read the book. I found a copy of Mein K a m p f --I had not read it p r e v i o u s l y - - a n d went through it. 16 It is a formidable tome--two volumes totaling six hundred and eighty-eight pages and pedestrian prose. Most would find i t offensive and ludicrous. I’m not going to review the merits of the book's ideas here; many others have done that. What I will try to do in t h e s e pages is point out what Pierce saw in it; I’ll try to look at Mein Kampf f r o m his perspective. I hope doing this will help explain what Pierce and o t h e r s find appealing in Hitler’s pronouncements. To begin, Pierce undoubtedly saw parallels between Hitler’s description of German society during the 1920s and American society a t the time he read the book. Hitler wrote of the “pitifully poor h u m a n beings” in Germany. He considered the Germans of his day too often cowardly in the face of responsibility, half-hearted toward the things t h a t truly mattered, and lacking in spirit. 17 Hitler believed that economic values and preoccupations were eroding his people: "In proportion a s economic life grew to be the dominant mistress of the state, money b e c a m e the god whom all had to serve and to whom each man had to bow down...A truly malignant degeneration set in: what made it most malignant was t h a t it began at a time when the nation, in a presumably menacing and critical hour, needed the highest heroic attitude." 1 8 In Mein Kampf, Hitler decried "big city civilization," as he called it. 1 9 Rather than enriching and enhancing centers of culture, cities, he said, h a d descended to the level of mere human settlements, masses of a p a r t m e n t s and tenements in which people lived cut off from one another. Cities h a d become little more than places to shop and do business. People w e r e moving from here and there, and this was diminishing the bonds a m o n g them. 2 0 Hitler also mourned what he considered to be the cultural decay i n Germany. He wrote of ”the morass of present-day environment.” 21 He

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pointed out what he considered to be artistic degeneration: Schiller, Goethe, and Shakespeare had given way to the base products of the time. 2 2 Cultural forms of the past were being wiped away. “Every n e w institution,” Hitler declared, “the more wretched and miserable it is, will try all the harder to extinguish the last traces of the past time....Only t h o s e who can give nothing valuable to the world, but try to act as if they w e r e going to give it God-knows-what, will hate everything that was previously given and would best like to negate or even to destroy it.” 23 Hitler s a i d what was being pushed on the German people--so-called modern art being a prime example--was alien to their spirit and beneath their greatness. He called for a cultural cleansing. The challenge, he argued, was to affirm cultural forms that reflect the truest and finest characteristics of t h e people. I’m sure that Pierce related to the negative picture of society Hitler painted in Mein Kampf. Hitler had put words to what Pierce was seeing i n America in the 1950s and ‘60s. Thus there was an essential a g r e e m e n t that Pierce had with Hitler’s perception of society, and he resonated w i t h Hitler’s feeling of repulsion in light of what was going on. And beyond t h i s general concordance with Hitler’s overall point of view, what are t h e specific topics and ideas in Mein Kampf that hit home with Pierce? I believe they are the ones that I outline below. First, there is Hitler’s biocentric world view. Hitler's perspective o n life was referenced in Nature. Hitler contended in Mein Kampf that b e f o r e anything else we must attend to Nature, the world of living things a n d their environments. Man, Hitler underscored, is not separate from o r above Nature but rather a part of Nature. We need to come to grips w i t h how Nature actually operates. We must align our lives with Nature. W e must obey Nature’s laws. That is how we will best prosper and fulfill o u r destiny as beings. We should not be so presumptuous as to imagine t h a t we can ignore or overcome Nature's realities and Nature’s imperatives. We need to learn to live Nature’s way. Hitler’s basic message was “get o u t of your head." Get out of the realm of fanciful intellectualization. Get o u t of what you think is true or ought to be true. Instead, quite literally come down to earth. Within this biocentric frame of reference, Hitler focused on what h e considered the fundamental human reality: the life-and-death struggle f o r survival and a higher quality of existence among the races of man. A s Hitler saw it, aggression and violence are inherent in this struggle; they a r e an integral part of Nature’s way. To Hitler, at the most fundamental level human thought and action have an impact on the outcome of this racial struggle. He believed that what is responsible and right in human affairs is that which contributes to the continued existence and u p w a r d

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development of one’s race. According to Hitler, this is what it means t o live by Nature’s rules and by Nature’s morality. Hitler held to a biological/cultural concept of race. As he viewed it, race has to do with biology, physiology, blood--there is that. But that is only part of it. Race also has to do with culture: values and morals, philosophies, traditions, modes of artistic expression, religious orientations, ways of working, forms of government, national and ethnic identifications, family arrangements, conceptions of masculinity and femininity, approaches to raising children, and connections to the earth. For Hitler, race is about more than genetics. He used the term "folk" (volk in German) to get at the idea that he was referring to a people who share a biological inheritance and a way of being. They have an approach to life in common as well as a gene pool. Hitler's concept of race was a dynamic one in that he emphasized the interplay between the two aspects of biology and culture. Each of t h e two affects the other: biological realities or impulses shape the culture of a people and, concurrently, the culture of a people has a impact on t h e i r biological or physical nature. Biological urgings--call them instincts-predispose people to conduct their lives in a particular manner, w r o t e Hitler in Mein Kampf. This is not to say that individuals and races can’t choose to act in a fashion contrary to these urgings, or that they can’t b e distracted from them by external forces in their world--ideas, people, a n d situations. It is rather to assert the existence of a more fundamental, m o r e powerful force than choice and social conditioning. There is a calling f r o m deep within human beings, a genetically-rooted predilection to be a certain way, to proceed in a certain direction, and that calling, Hitler contends, wins out in the end. In terms of race, what this comes down to is Hitler’s belief that the differences among the races go beyond skin color and h i s conviction that you have to go beyond an analysis of circumstance a n d culture to explain the conduct and accomplishments of the various races. You have to take into account what Hitler holds is the most powerful influence of all on what human beings are like: biological inheritance. When Hitler dealt with the ways culture affects biology, he focused on culture’s impact on breeding patterns. Ideas, values, associational patterns, and so forth, have an impact on who has children with w h o m within a particular race and thereby affect the physical make-up of t h e race. Most importantly, cultural factors influence how f r e q u e n t l y members of a race mate with members of other races. Hitler believed t h a t racial interbreeding profoundly affects the biological composition of a race. Related to all of this is the aristocratic principle. The aristocratic principle can be contrasted with its opposite, the egalitarian principle. Simply put, the aristocratic principle says that some people are i n h e r e n t l y better than other people; there are qualitative differences among h u m a n

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beings. Hitler contended that to view man as simply a man is to b e ignorant of racial laws. 24 He posited that rather than races and individuals being equal they are hierarchically ordered. Hitler wrote of the “basic aristocratic idea of Nature...[which] sees not only the different value of races, but also the different value of individuals.” 25 These differing v a l u e s must realistically be taken into account when ordering the affairs of collective life, argued Hitler, whether it be political or economic arrangements, education, individual and group relationships, or a n y t h i n g else. Hitler said that while some may be attracted to the idea t h a t individuals and races are, or could be, equal to one another, the fact of t h e matter is they are not equal now and won’t be equal in the future unless the superior ones are hobbled in some way so as to bring them back to t h e level of their inferiors. Hitler’s assumptions about race lead him to warn of t h e danger o f miscegenation. Hitler's big concern was interracial procreation or, a n o t h e r word for it, race-mixing. According to Hitler, race-mixing compromises t h e superior of two races being intermingled: it lowers the better r a c e physically, intellectually, and spiritually. Nature has no love of bastards is the way he inelegantly put it. Those of mixed racial background a r e reduced in cultural and spiritual strength, he claimed. They have less power and determination than those of “pure stock.” Hitler saw racial crossing as running counter to what he held to be a grand plan f o r mankind to elevate its quality. “Nature doesn’t want the blending of higher and lower races since the work of higher breeding will be ruined,” he wrote. 26 “Any crossing of two beings not at the same level,” Hitler contended, "produces a medium between the level of the t w o parents....Such mating is contrary to the will of Nature for a h i g h e r breeding of all life." 27 Later on in Mein Kampf he noted that a "racial porridge” will prevent the achievement of the highest goal of mankind, a goal inherent in Nature, the evolution of man into a higher form of being.2 8 One hears much talk about the notion of Aryans as the master race. A consideration of this notion hinges on what is meant by the t e r m ‘master.’ Master can refer to mastery over other people, that is to say, t h e domination and control of others. The master of a merchant ship is o n e who is in control of the people and cargo on board that ship. However, t h e term ‘master’ can have another meaning as well: it can refer to the best, t o the ones who have attained mastery at what they do. For instance, m a s t e r carpenters or electricians don't rule over other tradesmen. Rather, t h e y are the best, the finest in their field, the most knowledgeable and skillful. So there is the question of whether master race in this instance refers t o the domination of one race over other races or to those who are the b e s t

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by some standard (intelligence, character, creative output, having a t t a i n e d the greatest mastery over themselves, whatever the criteria). I couldn't find an instance in Mein Kampf where Hitler uses the t e r m master race, but it did seem to me that he uses the idea of master w i t h regard to race in both of the meanings I listed, i.e., with reference to t h o s e who are the best by some standard and with reference to dominance o v e r others. In fact, he blends these two ideas: Aryans are best and therefore should assert dominance over others. By best he means that Aryans h a v e the strongest genetic and cultural features. In Nature--and Nature’s r u l e s should prevail according to his way of thinking--the strongest should dominate. He wrote: “[National Socialism] by no means believes in a n equality of the races... and feels itself obligated...to promote the victory of the better and stronger and demand the subordination of the inferior a n d weaker...” 2 9 That still leaves the question of what f o r m the dominance is to take. Does dominance mean telling the dominated race or races what to do i n every aspect of life? Or does it mean dominance in a the narrower s e n s e of the dominant, or master, race being able to take everything necessary, every resource, from the subjugated race(s) in order that the master r a c e can move ahead on its evolutionary path as fast and as far as possible? My reading of Mein Kampf is that Hitler's focus is on domination in t h i s latter sense: that is, having access to everything anybody else has that y o u need in order to forge ahead. Said Hitler: “We all sense that in the d i s t a n t future humanity must be faced by problems which only a highest race, become master people and supported by the means and possibilities of a n entire globe, will be equipped to overcome." 30 And then elsewhere: "And so the folkish philosophy of life corresponds to the innermost will of Nature, since it restores that free play of forces...until at last the best of humanity, having achieved possession of this earth, will have a free p a t h of activity...." 31 That sounds to me like an "access to anything you need" form of domination. Hitler believed everything to be at stake in Aryans assuming t h e i r rightful place in the scheme of things. He wrote hyperbolically: "The m a n who misjudges and disregards the racial laws...thwarts the t r i u m p h a l march of the best race and hence also the precondition for all h u m a n progress, and remains, in consequence, burdened with all the sensibility of man, in the animal realm of helpless misery." 32 And later on in M e i n Kampf he melodramatically added: "Human culture and civilization on t h i s continent are inseparably bound up with the presence of the Aryan. If h e dies out or declines, the dark veils of an age without culture will again descend on this globe."3 3

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In Mein Kampf Hitler expresses worries about the fate of the A r y a n race. It is particularly important that the Aryan race not intermix w i t h other races, said Hitler, because it embodies mankind’s highest possibility. The danger the Aryan race faces, wrote Hitler, is that it will be replaced b y a "new nationality," one "seriously reduced in spiritual and cultural stature." 34 "The stronger must dominate not blend with the weaker, t h u s sacrificing his own greatness," Hitler insisted. 35 And elsewhere in M e i n Kampf: "In a bastardized and niggerized world, all the concepts of t h e humanly beautiful and sublime, as well as all ideas of an idealized f u t u r e of our humanity, would be lost forever."3 6 “In every mingling of Aryan blood with that of the lower peoples t h e result was the end to the cultured peoples,” Hitler claimed. 37 He used t h e experience of North America in an attempt to illustrate his point. "North America," he declared, "whose population consists in by far the largest p a r t of Germanic elements who mixed but little with the lower colored peoples, shows a different humanity and culture from Central and South America, where the predominately Latin immigrants often mixed with t h e aborigines on a large scale. By this one example, we can clearly a n d distinctly recognize the effect of racial mixture."3 8 When assessing the states of mind and motivations of individuals, Hitler employed the basic distinction b e t w e e n idealism a n d egoism. Idealism is being oriented toward serving one's people, one’s race. Egoism looks at things from the perspective of narrowly conceived self-interest and without a sense of connection to one’s community of kindred people and commitment to their welfare. Idealism is clearly favored over egoism in Hitler's mind. Someone who is an idealist is more laudable than o n e who is an egotist or, another term, individualist. Hitler wrote: This state of mind, which subordinates the interests of the ego to the conservation of the community, is really the first premise for every truly human culture. From it alone can a r i s e all the great works of mankind, which bring the founder little reward, but the richest blessings to posterity. Yes, from i t alone can we understand how so many are able to bear u p faithfully under a scanty life which imposes on them nothing but poverty and frugality, but gives the community t h e foundations of its existence. Every worker, every peasant, every inventor, official, etc., who works without ever being able to achieve any happiness or prosperity for himself, is a representative of this lofty idea.... 3 9

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. Hitler asserted that race needs to be at the center of individual a n d collective concerns, and that first priority must be given to keeping t h e race pure. "There is only one holiest human right," he declared, “and t h i s right is at the same time the holiest obligation...to see to it that the blood is preserved pure and, by preserving the best humanity, to create t h e possibility of a nobler development of these beings." 40 Hitler warned: "All great cultures of the past perished only because the originally creative race died out from blood poisoning. The ultimate cause of such a decline was their forgetting that all culture depends on men and not conversely; hence that to preserve a certain culture the man who creates it must b e preserved." 4 1 Since Hitler saw life as a struggle, supporting the race will i n v o l v e doing battle. What we must fight for is to safeguard the existence a n d reproduction of our race and our people [here he seems t o distinguish race and people when at other times he e q u a t e s them], the sustenance of our children and the purity of o u r blood....This preservation is bound up with the rigid law of necessity and the right to victory of the best and stronger i n this world. Those who want to live, let them fight and t h o s e who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle d o not deserve to live. Even if that were hard--that is how it is!"4 2 Like every other social institution, the state is in service to the race. That is to say, the state is a means to the end of preserving and improving the race. The state supports the aristocratic idea of nature by promoting the victory of the noblest and strongest elements of the race a n d demanding the subordination of the inferior and weaker. The following excerpts from Mein Kampf give an indication of Hitler’s view of the role of the state: The state is a means to an end. Its end lies in the p r e s e r v a t i o n and advancement of a community of physically and psychologically homogeneous creatures. The state is the vessel and race is its content.4 3 The highest purpose of a folkish state is concern for t h e preservation of those original racial elements which b e s t o w culture and create the beauty and dignity of a higher mankind. We, as Aryans, can conceive of the state only as the living organism of a nationality which not only assures t h e

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preservation of this nationality, but by the development of i t s spiritual and ideal abilities leads it to the highest freedom. 4 4 A bad state is assuredly able to kill originally existing abilities by permitting or even promoting the destruction of the racial culture-bearer. 4 5 Hitler argued that the reins of the state must be in the hands of t h e finest individuals, those who are the wisest and the most efficacious. T h e political process must be designed so as to identify the very best people given the aim of the racial survival and progress, and then to bring t h e m to "office and dignity."46 Hitler is adamant that mass democracy is not t h e best way for this to occur. The finest should be in charge, not the masses, he declared. Rather than the rule of the democratic majority, Hitler affirmed the rule of personality, that is, the great man who takes control through what amounts to a process of natural selection. 4 7 In world history the man who really rises above the norm of the broad average usually announces himself personally. 4 8 A philosophy of life which endeavors to reject the democratic mass idea and give this earth to the best people--that is, t h e highest humanity--must logically obey the aristocratic principle within this people and make sure that the leadership and the highest influence in this people fall into the best minds. Thus, it builds, not upon the idea of the majority, but upon t h e idea of personality. 4 9 Hitler asserted that in all areas of life other than politics--business, the military, and the rest--it is generally accepted that the best need to b e in charge, and that it is not left to a vote to decide who that is.50 Hitler s a i d many have a misplaced faith in the results of democratic elections: "Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye than a great man be 'discovered' by an election."5 1 Another idea in Mein Kampf is t h a t the family, with childraising a t its core, is the central element of society. Everything else works a r o u n d the family and serves to enhance its functioning. In the folkish s t a t e - - t h e state which centers itself around a shared biological and cultural heritage and destiny--marriage needs to be a "consecrated institution," and children are "the most precious treasure of the people." 52 Marriage is not, in t h e first instance, a means of enhancing the happiness and well-being of t h o s e

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involved but rather, as with the other institutions of society, a means of preserving and improving the race. 5 3 Hitler called for control of breeding as a way to improve the quality of the race. The word for this process: eugenics. It [the National Socialist state] must see to it that only t h e healthy beget children; that there is only one disgrace: d e s p i t e one's own sickness and deficiencies, to bring children into t h e world; and one highest honor: to renounce doing so. A n d conversely it must be considered reprehensible to withhold healthy children from the nation. Here the state must act a s the guardian of a millennial future in the face of which t h e wishes and selfishness of the individual must appear a s nothing and submit....Those who are not physically a n d mentally healthy and worthy must not perpetuate their defects in the bodies of their children. In this the National Socialist state must perform the most gigantic educational task. A n d someday this will seem to be a greater deed than the m o s t victorious wars of our present mediocre era....In the National Socialist state, finally, the National Socialist philosophy of life must succeed in bringing about that nobler age in which m e n no longer are concerned with breeding dogs, horses, and cats, but in elevating man himself, an age in which one knowingly and silently renounces, the other joyfully sacrifices a n d gives.... 54 Hitler also called for an education for nobility. Hitler criticized German schools for focusing too much on "pure knowledge" and neglecting the development of personal character. He decried "half-education," as h e called it, which he said pumps a certain amount of knowledge in y o u n g people but at the same time removes them from nature and their instincts and their connection to anything beyond themselves. He claimed t h a t students were emerging from the schools of that time knowing little o r nothing of the joy of responsibility. He referred to students "crammed full of knowledge and intellect, but bereft of any healthy instinct and devoid of all energy and boldness." 55 He said the German educational system w a s turning out weak-willed people who lack forcefulness and decisiveness. Rather than strong and courageous men and women, said Hitler, t h e schools were producing "clever weaklings" and “cowardly physical degenerates." 5 6 Hitler held up the Greek ideal of an education which promotes a noble soul, physical beauty, and a brilliant mind. He called for a n

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emphasis on the development of firm character, especially self-confidence, willpower and determination, and a sense of responsibility. And don't heap on material, Hitler implored. Help students gain t h e store of material that they actually need as individuals and that will benefit the community. This will necessarily include specialized training suited to the particular student. 5 7 As is to be expected, Hitler emphasized the study of Nature in o r d e r that students learn to understand and respect Nature and live by its laws: "A man must never fall into the lunacy of believing that he has really r i s e n to be the lord and master of Nature--which is so easily induced by t h e conceit of half-education; he must understand the fundamental necessity of Nature's rule, and realize how much his existence is subjected to t h e s e laws of eternal fight and upward struggle." 5 8 Hitler advocated a focus on the history of the Roman and Greek heritage in order that students find the motivation to contribute to i t s continued existence: "Especially in historical instruction we must not b e deterred from the study of antiquity. Roman history correctly conceived in extremely broad outlines is and remains the best mentor, not only f o r today, but probably for all time. The Hellenic ideal of culture should also remain preserved for us in its exemplary beauty." 5 9 Not surprisingly, Hitler called for the development of racial consciousness. Education must, he said, burn the racial sense and racial feeling into the instinct a n d intellect, the heart and brain of the youth entrusted to it. No boy and no girl must leave school without having been led t o an ultimate realization of the necessity and essence of blood purity. Thus the groundwork is created by preserving t h e racial foundations of our nation and through them in t u r n securing the basis for its future cultural development. For all physical and all intellectual training would in the last analysis remain worthless if it did not benefit a being which is r e a d y and determined on principle to preserve himself and h i s special nature. 6 0 Hitler affirmed the value of a strong program of physical training t o "steel and harden" young men's bodies. 61 He argued for the inclusion of one sport in particular, one he acknowledged many people considered vulgar and undignified: boxing: There is no sport that so much as this one promotes the spirit of attack, demands lightning decisions, and trains the body i n

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steel dexterity. It is no more vulgar for two men to fight out a difference of opinion with their fists than with a piece of whetted iron [he is referring to the sport of fencing]. It is n o t less noble if a man who has been attacked defends himself against his assailant with his fists instead of running away a n d yelling for a policeman.6 2 Hitler saw boxing as teaching a young man to suffer blows and continue forward. Hitler's desire to avoid educating a "colony of aesthetes” applied t o girls as well as boys. 63 He valued vibrant health and a kind of s t e e l springed physicality for both boys and girls. He wanted both boys a n d girls to be strong, agile, bold, courageous, and able to endure and t r i u m p h amid hardship. Therefore, he advocated a strong emphasis on physical training for girls as well as boys. At the same time, however, Hitler h e l d that there were inherent and complementary differences between t h e sexes, and thus the ultimate purposes of boys’ and girls’ physical training were different. He distinguished between the manly strength to live powerfully in the world and to be a good father and the womanly s t r e n g t h to bear and raise healthy and vital children and to be a good wife a n d create and maintain a good home. Hitler considered future m o t h e r h o o d - which he saw as equally important to education for careers or political life --to be the major goal of female education.6 4 And then, of course, there is the problem of the Jews. Hitler believed that Jews represented the antithesis of everything he stood for. Jews stood in the way of all that he wanted to achieve. Jews were his enemy. W h a t were his objections to the Jewish presence and influence in Germany a t that time? According to Hitler: • Jews are alienated from Nature. They seek to conquer Nature rather than live in accordance with it. Hitler contended that the m o d e r n , pacifist, humane Jewish outlook is “nonsense” given the true reality of t h e natural order. 6 5 • Jews undermine the political system. Jews promote democracy, which excludes the personality and replaces it with the “blind worship of numbers” (rule by the majority). The Jewish doctrine...rejects the aristocratic principle of Nature and replaces the eternal privilege of power and strength by t h e mass numbers and their dead weight. This denies the value of the personality in man, contests the significance of nationality and race, and thereby withdraws from humanity the p r e m i s e of its existence and culture. As a foundation of the universe,

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this doctrine would bring about the end of any o r d e r intellectually conceivable to man. And as, in this greatest of all recognizable organisms, the result of an application of such a law could only be chaos, on earth it could only be destruction for the inhabitants of this planet. 6 6 Hitler cited the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917 as a Jewish t a k e o v e r of that country and the triumph of Jewish doctrine. 6 7 • Jews have gained a stranglehold on finance and commerce a n d control of key professions in Germany, and have used this position to s e r v e their interests at the expense of the general welfare of the people. 6 8 • Jews have used their economic power to gain undue influence i n the government in order to serve their own ambitions. 6 9 • Jews are working to destroy the racial foundations of the European white race through the promotion of miscegenation. They are doing t h i s because of their basic resentful attitude and because it is in their i n t e r e s t not to have to deal with a sturdy white race but rather a "rickety herd." I t is the Jews, Hitler wrote, who most wanted to bring the Negroes to t h e Rhineland, with the secret aim of the racial mixing which was certain t o occur. If they get their way, said Hitler, Jews will turn the European people into raceless bastards. 7 0 • Jews contribute to cultural decay. They are the spokesmen of a "modern era" that debases the society. They ridicule Christianity a n d represent traditional ethics and morality as outmoded, and this leaves Gentiles adrift. In the political realm, Jews “refuse the state the means f o r its self-preservation, destroy faith in the leadership, scoff at history a n d the past, and drop every thing that is great into the gutter.” 71 The Jew, Hitler contended, "contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes a mockery of national feeling, and overthrows all concepts of beauty a n d sublimity, of the noble and good." 72 Said Hitler: “In everything base a n d profligate in mass entertainment and artistic trash, vice, or p o r n o g r a p h y there will most certainly be a Jew.”7 3 Hitler's example and pronouncements appear to have had five m a j o r influences on Pierce. First, they encouraged the development of a n ideological identity--as a National Socialist. Second, they pushed h i m toward a focus: race. Third, they helped establish who his adversary is: the Jews. Fourth, they legitimized his antagonism toward this a d v e r s a r y . This fourth one--legitimizing his antagonism toward Jews--is especially significant, because in the post-World War II period the idea of public, o r even private, criticism of and opposition to Jews and Jewish interests h a s been considered by virtually everyone to be beyond the realm of

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acceptability. In our time, respectable individuals don’t even think of assuming such a posture. And yet here was someone, Adolf Hitler, w h o m Pierce found to be extremely admirable, who had come to do just that, a n d do it openly and proudly. In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote about himself: " I had ceased to be a weak-kneed cosmopolitan and became an a n t i Semite." 74 If so truly remarkable a man as Hitler could be an anti-Semite, so too could William L. Pierce. And the fifth major influence on Pierce, Hitler’s personal example showed him that you can take your life seriously and root it in a grand purpose related to the well-being of the race a n d give everything that is in you to accomplishing it. That is what, at least i n his own mind, Pierce has done.

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6 ____________ THE JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY Pierce’s first move into politics was to join an organization called the John Birch Society in 1962. “I had read some John Birch Society literature while I was at Oregon State,” Pierce told me, “and I knew that at least they w e r e anti-communist. They saw their job as opposing the influences of communists in the American government and society. I agreed with t h e m that communism was a very bad thing, and that it posed a real threat t o American life. So I joined the Birch Society. A conservative colleague o n campus steered me to a chapter in Corvallis [Oregon]." The John Birch Society Pierce referred to was--and still is, t h e organization still exists--a grass-roots organization dedicated to fighting communism and promoting various right-wing causes. 1 At the time of Pierce's involvement in the early 60s, the Birch Society had about t w e n t y five thousand members nationwide and was at the height of i t s prominence. Society members were grouped into chapters of from s e v e n to twenty-five members whose leader functioned under the supervision of a section leader, who in turn reported to a national coordinator. It was o n e of these chapters that Pierce joined. The Birch Society was founded in 1958 by a retired Boston c a n d y manufacturer and one-time vice president of the National Association of Manufacturers, Robert Welch, Jr. Welch was a graduate of the University of North Carolina (at seventeen years of age supposedly), had gone t o Harvard Law School, and then joined his brother's candy business a n d made a fortune. At the founding meeting of the Birch Society, Welch g a v e a speech to eleven friends he had called to an Indianapolis motel outlining the nature and purposes of the new organization--essentially to s a v e America from communism. The speech was printed up and called the Blue Book and became the organization’s bible. Welch named his organization after Captain John Birch, a Baptist missionary who was shot and bayoneted to death by the Chinese communists in 1945, ten days after the end of World War II. Welch thought that that made Birch the first casualty of the Cold War against t h e communists. Basically, the Birch Society was an educational organization dedicated to changing the pattern of American thinking. At one point, it had a staff of two hundred fifty employees. The Society published two magazines,

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had a book publishing operation which sold posters, bumper stickers, tapes, and pamphlets, published newspaper ads and ran radio a n d television spots, had a radio show called Are You Listening Uncle Sam?, and operated the largest speakers bureau in the world. Some of t h e specific causes the Society took on during its heyday were achieving a quick and decisive victory in Vietnam; combating the civil rights movement, which it saw as communist-controlled; getting this country o u t of the United Nations; abolishing the federal income tax and the Federal Reserve system; impeaching the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Earl Warren; setting up "support your local police" committees; and opposing sex education in the schools. The Society developed the reputation for tolerating, and p r o b a b l y encouraging, anti-Semitic and racist members as long as they weren't vocal about their views and thereby embarrassing to the organization. While t h e Society professed to being a friend of the Jewish people, when Welch talked about an "insiders conspiracy" many people came away with t h e impression that he was referring to Zionists as well as Communists. A n d when Birchers spoke of "big money interests," the general consensus w a s that this was a code name for Jews. It wasn't long before the Birch Society came to be the most vilified organization in America this side of the Ku Klux Klan. The Anti-Defamation League called them a group of "fascists," "character assassins," and a "danger on the right." Welch seemed to go off the deep end when he published a book calling Dwight Eisenhower a "dedicated, conscious agent of the Communist conspiracy," and made similar allegations against such r e s p e c t e d Americans as General George Marshall, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and Supreme Court Justice William Brennan. 2 Barry Goldwater, a hero to the political right, called Welch "intemperate and unwise" a n d criticized him for making "damaging, ridiculous, and very s t u p i d statements." As time went on, the Society lost more and more credibility. Welch died in 1985, and the Society today plugs on in virtual anonymity. "Your Birch Society membership was your first real political activity. How long did you stay with them?" I asked Pierce. "Not long at all--just a few meetings," Pierce replied. "I found t h e y weren't really willing to deal with some of the issues I saw as important. They were against the civil rights revolution, but they wouldn't deal w i t h it on a racial basis. They approached it from the angle of communist agitators stirring up the Negroes, as they were called in those years. I t ' s true that communism was an important part of the civil rights movement; the communists did latch onto it. But the fundamental significance of t h e civil rights activity was racial not political. But when I brought that up t o the Birch Society people, they wouldn't go near it.

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"If the Birchers were going to stress the communist aspect of the civil rights movement, why were they unwilling to look at exactly who t h e s e communists were? I said to them, 'Why don't we deal with the fact that s o often these people are Jews? How can you make sense of c o m m u n i s m without understanding the Jewish role in it from Karl Marx on t h r o u g h ? The Bolshevik revolution in Russia would never have gotten off the g r o u n d if it hadn't been for the Jews. And if you look at the communists and t h e i r supporters in this country, they are primarily Jews. Why, I asked t h e m , are the columnists in the newspapers who are sympathetic to the civil rights agenda so often Jewish? The head of the NAACP had always been a Jew. It is obvious that if the Jews withdrew their support the civil-rights movement would collapse.’ "They immediately jumped on me. 'Oh no,' they said, 'Gus Hall [the head of the Communist Party in the United States at the time] is not a Jew.' [Hall was born in Minnesota the son of Finnish immigrants--real n a m e , Arvo Kusta Halberg.] They wouldn't touch it. They were scared to death of being labeled anti-Semitic. Or maybe Welch figured that from a strategic point of view it was best to avoid the very emotional issues of blacks a n d Jews and just focus on communism. Whatever was going on, I went t o three or four meetings and said to myself 'These guys are going nowhere,' and I quit after three months. "If the Birch Society had been willing to deal with the race a n d Jewish questions, the two most important issues as far as I was concerned, I might have been willing to stay with them. But the fact that t h e y wouldn't just pushed me in the direction of thinking that somebody has t o hit these issues head on. Somebody has to go public about them. I guess I have an obstinate personality. I became even more convinced that t h e anti-war and civil rights movements were too well financed and w e r e having too big an impact on people's thinking and that I had to deal w i t h this issue as I saw it in some way. "I started to write letters to anybody who came to my attention. I probably wrote to a dozen people. It was a hit-or-miss activity; I wrote t o an eclectic group of people. I'd ask them what they thought was the b e s t way to deal with the anti-war and civil rights movements. I asked t h e m what they thought a concerned person ought to do and if they could s t e e r me to somebody else I could contact, which, in some cases, I did. I remember one of the people I wrote was a conservative named Dan Smoot. He was a former FBI agent who had a radio program. Somebody had s a i d 'You ought to listen to Dan Smoot, he sounds a lot like you.' So I listened t o his show and wrote him a letter. "One day, it must have been in about 1963," Pierce told me, "I w a s watching the news on television and I saw a clip of George Lincoln Rockwell. It was brief, twenty or thirty seconds or so. Rockwell w a s

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trying to give a speech to a bunch of university students in San Diego a n d they were shouting him down and throwing bottles at him. [Rockwell g a v e a speech at San Diego State University in March of 1962, so it was p r o b a b l y in that year that Pierce saw the news footage. 3 ] 'Go back to Germany, y o u Nazi bastard!' and that kind of stuff. Despite all that was going on, Rockwell did get two or three sentences out before members of t h e audience rushed on the stage and tore out his microphone, and I said t o myself, 'You know, he's basically right.' So I went to the library and looked up Rockwell's address and wrote him a letter. About two weeks later I got a long handwritten answer from him, about a dozen pages. Rockwell billed himself as a National Socialist, and even before I had gotten in touch w i t h him I had decided that's what I was; although I thought that m a y b e Rockwell was just a clown. He operated out of Washington, D.C., and t h e r e was a physics meeting scheduled for there, so I used that opportunity to go talk to him."

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7 ____________ GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL William Pierce’s meeting with George Lincoln Rockwell in Washington i n 1964 began an association that was to profoundly affect the course of Pierce’s life. Rockwell was a tall, slim, dark-haired, good-looking fellow i n his mid-forties when Pierce contacted him. He was the self-proclaimed Commander of the American Nazi Party he founded and headquartered a t Arlington, Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C.. It has been e s t i m a t e d that Rockwell had around one hundred active members in his organization, with a couple of hundred more subscribing to his publications, Stormtrooper and The Rockwell Report. Rockwell had an assertive a n d brash public persona, affected a dashing, rakish image with his corncob pipe, and tended to approach things with a showbiz touch. His public rallies, with him decked out like Hitler in a brown uniform and boots, w i t h a swastika arm band, greeting his followers with the Roman salute, a n d surrounded by "stormtroopers" and American and Nazi flags had a theatrical as well as--to many--a frightening quality. In his speeches Rockwell would rail against Jews for being behind communism a n d scheming to mongrelize the American racial stock by promoting racial integration and interbreeding with blacks. He called for resettling American blacks in Africa in a new African state at American expense. 1 To give a sense of Rockwell's style--serious, but still a bit tongue-incheek--in response to the freedom rides, as they were called, in 1 9 6 1 where civil rights activists rode buses in the South to integrate i n t e r s t a t e bus travel, Rockwell had his own "hate bus" which he and some of h i s members drove through the South. 2 Another example, evidently w i t h reference to the strong Jewish presence among psychoanalysts a n d therapists, Rockwell put out a pamphlet which he said gave instructions o n how to combat "the Jew mental health attack." 3 And then there was h i s booklet, “The Diary of Ann Fink.”4 George Lincoln Rockwell was born in 1918 in Bloomington, Illinois. 5 He was the oldest of the two sons of "Doc" Rockwell, a vaudeville comic. Rockwell's parents divorced when he was young, and he spent h i s childhood years shuttling back and forth between his mother in r u r a l Illinois and his father in Maine, New Jersey, and Rhode Island. He enrolled in Brown University in 1938 and focused his efforts on the study of

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philosophy, social science, and, according to some accounts, practicaljoking. At Brown, he began moving to the right politically, rebelling against the liberal, egalitarian slant of both the social sciences he w a s studying and his professors. He came to see liberalism as the "pimping little sister" of communism. 6 He dropped out of Brown after his sophomore year and enlisted in the U.S. Navy and served as a naval aviator d u r i n g World War II. Rockwell commanded the naval air support at the invasion of Guam in the South Pacific in August of 1944. In 1943, Rockwell married a woman he had met at Brown. It w a s the first of two marriages, producing a total of seven children. Both marriages ended in divorce. After he was mustered out of the service i n 1945, Rockwell and his first wife took up residence in Maine where h e eked out a living as a sign painter and free-lance photographer. He t h e n pursued a career in commercial art and moved the family to New York City, where he studied at the Pratt Institute of Design. Rockwell proved t o have considerable gifts at this new line of endeavor and was awarded a major prize for an ad he had designed for the American Cancer Society. However, he turned his back on art and returned to Maine to start an a d agency, which quickly went bankrupt. When the Korean War broke out in 1950, Rockwell was recalled t o active duty and trained fighter pilots at a naval base in San Diego. While in San Diego, he befriended a married couple who shared his conviction that General Douglas MacArthur should run for President. The wife provided him with some right-wing pamphlets which included anti-Semitic material. Rockwell found the material fascinating--the seed had b e e n planted. When he was transferred to Iceland in 1952, he left his wife a n d three daughters in San Diego. Within a year he was divorced a n d remarried to the niece of Iceland's ambassador to the United States. 7 The 1950s were the McCarthy years, as they were called a f t e r Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, who alleged there were large n u m b e r s of communists in high positions in the United States government. During this time, there was a general anti-communist hysteria in this country. The fear was that communists were infiltrating all facets of American life, from the government to the universities to the labor unions to the motionpicture industry. Rockwell himself was certain that something was offkilter in society and that there was some funny-business going on, b u t what really put it all into focus for him, he later recalled, was when h e bought a copy of Hitler's book Mein Kampf at a secondhand book store a n d found himself "transfixed" and "hypnotized": [In Mein Kampf] I found abundant "mental sunshine," which bathed all the gray world suddenly in the clear light of r e a s o n

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and understanding. Word after word, sentence after sentence stabbed into the darkness like thunderclaps and lightning bolts of revelation, tearing and ripping away the cobwebs of m o r e than thirty years of darkness, brilliantly illuminating t h e mysteries of the heretofore impenetrable murk in a world gone mad. I was transfixed, hypnotized....I wondered at the u t t e r , indescribable genius of it.... 8 From that point on, Rockwell knew what he believed in: National Socialism. When his second tour of duty in the Navy was completed in 1 9 5 4 , Rockwell took up residence in Washington, D.C., where he started a magazine for service wives called U.S. Lady. He was forced to sell t h e magazine enterprise after a few issues because of financial pressures. He then hit the road with his wife as a traveling salesman. He had no g r e a t success in this endeavor either and wound up broke back in Washington, where his wife's income managed to keep food on the table.9 For a time, Rockwell was active in conservative political groups. Then he and a wealthy patron, Harold N. Arrowsmith, formed the National Committee to Free America from Jewish Domination and set up i t s headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. The first official act of this n e w organization was to picket the White House carrying such signs a s (President Eisenhower's nickname was Ike) SAVE IKE FROM THE KIKES.10 After a short time, Rockwell broke with Arrowsmith and founded t h e American Nazi Party. He issued uniforms and swastika arms bands t o eleven or twelve recruits whom he housed in barracks he called "hatemonger hill." 11 Rockwell and his troops swaggered around t h e i r headquarters in brown shirts and boots brandishing Lugers and "heiling" one another. From that point on, Rockwell carried on the activity t h a t would occupy the rest of his life until his assassination in August of 1 9 6 7 - engaging in brash exploits to awaken what he perceived to be a sleeping and passive American public to the intertwined issues of the Jews and t h e blacks. When a synagogue was blown up in Atlanta, several n e w s p a p e r articles implicated Rockwell, and his headquarters became the target of bricks, Molotov cocktails, police raids, and death threats. At this point, h i s wife, with the strong encouragement of her family, decided it was best t h a t she leave, and she took the children and went back to Iceland.1 2 Rockwell traveled to Iceland to attempt to get his family b a c k together. When he got off the plane in the city of Reykjavik, no one w a s waiting for him. He hitched a ride to where his wife and the children lived. When he got to the door, he heard his children scurrying a r o u n d inside. He set down the toy steam shovel and doll he was carrying a n d

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knocked on the door. His wife, whose name was Thora, opened the d o o r and exclaimed, “You! What are you doing here?” After a couple of days, Rockwell realized that things weren’t going to work out as he’d hoped, a n d he returned to the United States alone. He was never to see Thora or t h e children again. 1 3 From then on, Rockwell's life was devoted to a continuing campaign of organizing, publishing, demonstrating, and speaking. His activities resulted in his becoming probably the most disdained and mocked man i n America, as well as a fair amount of time in jails and hospital b e d s following his public demonstrations. A year before his death, a r e p o r t e r asked Rockwell, “Do you believe all of this you preach?” Rockwell slowly and in a low voice replied, “This has cost me the most beautiful wife in t h e world. Seven kids. All my relatives. I was a commander in the Navy a n d a half year away from a pension [before being discharged by the Navy f o r his political views and activities]. Certainly, I believe all of this.”1 4 Rockwell authored a self-published book called White Power. In t h e book, he set out his National Socialist beliefs in the form of principles of group living he called "the laws of the tribe."15 There are five of these l a w s according to Rockwell: biological integrity, territory, leadership, status, a n d motherhood. Biological integrity, said Rockwell, is the "absolute, total, a n d uncompromising loyalty to one's own racial group and absolute, uncompromising hatred for outsiders who intrude and threaten to m i x their genes with those of the females of the group." According to this idea, nature creates breeds of animals, including various species of h u m a n beings, and protects the biological purity of these breeds as a means of maintaining and improving them. Nature accomplishes these ends i n humans through two powerful instincts: love of one's own breed a n d hatred for outsiders. These two instincts are equally necessary. Love of one's own is incredibly powerful and good, but it can't and shouldn't s t a n d alone; it needs to be complemented by a deadly hate of that which threatens what is loved. Indeed, hate has its place. The notion that love is good and hate is evil is just the party line of "Jews, liberals, queers, h a l f wits, and cowards," wrote Rockwell. Rockwell asserted that the essence of National Socialism is g r o u n d e d in this law of biological integrity: namely, the affirmation of racism. To Rockwell, racism is not about morality; it is not about right and wrong. Rather, it is about fact, whether something accords with the reality of Nature or it doesn't. National Socialism at its core, he declares, is the belief "that humans differ in excellence of breed exactly the same as all o t h e r living things, and that the White Man is so far the finest breed to a p p e a r , while the Blacks are the Lowest." 16 Thus National Socialism turns racism

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upside down, from something reprehensible to something that is i n alignment with Nature and in service to it. And then there is the law of territory. To illustrate this concept, Rockwell used the example of tiny tropical fish called swordtails, who will stake out a section of a tank and ferociously attack anything that i n t r u d e s into their space. Rockwell claimed that human beings are like t h e s e swordtails: it is in our nature to stake out territory for ourselves and o u r people. He said that in human affairs this law takes the form of a d h e r e n c e to the concept of private property and to national identification a n d loyalty. The law of leadership, according to Rockwell, is leadership of t h e group being in the hands of the very best. In the animal kingdom, h e asserts, even if it were possible, leaders would not be selected b y democratic vote. Nature's method is combat, not the ballot, says Rockwell. Nature wouldn't employ a democratic vote because that is a chancy way of bringing the very best of the group to positions of leadership. H u m a n affairs has demonstrated that, in the long run if not immediately, voting will inevitably result in something other than the best in leadership positions. Leaders chosen in democratic fashion are very likely be t h e glibbest and the slickest, but they are very unlikely to be the wisest a n d most capable. The law of status is similar to the law of leadership, except that i t applies to all positions in the group and not just the leadership positions. The law of status says that for every individual there is a natural slot in a hierarchical ordering of members of a group. All of the group m e m b e r s compete for their slot or niche in this hierarchy and then settle into it a n d are reasonably content with it. The result of this process, said Rockwell, is that things run peacefully for the group and in an orderly and efficient way. And then, lastly, there is the law of motherhood. Rockwell a s s e r t e d that it is Nature's way that females stay out of the affairs of males, a n d that they specialize in producing and rearing the young and creating healthy families. To Rockwell's way of thinking, we violate these five laws at o u r extreme peril, and that there is one group in particular that is doing i t s best to persuade us to do just that: the Jews. To give a sense of h i s rhetorical style, an extended quote from Rockwell's book on how Jews, divorced from Nature as they are, according to him, promote the violation of the laws of the tribe: The Jews have spread the unspeakably destructive idea of "universalism," "one-worldism"--one mob of raceless, stateless, and atomized individuals--as the supreme idea of mankind.

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Even the conservatives have been suckered into paying lip service to this same unnatural, fragmented, superindividualistic, JEWISH disease of society. We are told by the Jews that the Law of BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY (love inside, hate outside) is "racism"--the "ultimate evil" of all time! We are told that if we do not love Yellow m e n , Black men--and especially Jews--as much as our own people, then we are vicious, perverted, and doomed--we are "racists." Millions of pitiful white suckers believe that Jewish lie! We are told that the Law of TERRITORY (private property) is a n UN-natural greed, and that decent men must wish to s h a r e everything and have no desire for their own private p r o p e r t y . They call this "Marxist socialism," "Communism," and various other names indicating a concern for "society" and "community"--but all of them strike at the heart of the m o s t powerful and only motivation in living creatures: to build, create, and produce. Millions believe these Jew liars. We are told by the Jews that the Law of LEADERSHIP (rule of the best) is "dictatorship," and that we must strive f o r "democracy" (rule by mobs). Millions of White Aryans h a v e been suckered into believing this siren song of "democracy," until mobs of human garbage are now terrorizing our whole nation. We are told by the Jews that the Law of STATUS ( t h e establishment of the natural order of ability of each person i n his right place) is "class exploitation" and that the n a t u r a l leaders of a society--those who have been successful--must b e smashed and murdered by those who have not. Whole nations full of good White Aryans have been suckered with this vile Jewish method of dividing and conquering our people t h r o u g h class warfare. Finally, we are told by these ever-loving Jews that t h e specialization of women in child-rearing is a b e a s t l y enslavement of our females, that women are intended to b e judges, locomotive engineers, army officers, and business executives. The result, of course, is the growing destruction of that sacred and beautiful institution of all healthy civilizations, motherhood, and with it the home and the family. Our e n t i r e

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Western world has fallen for this "democratic" Jewish swindle, which has made women the most pitiful victims of the Jewish disease. Millions of "modern" women are hopelessly lost, frustrated, and utterly miserable, even while they a r e squawking about more "rights" through loudspeakers a n d marching around in hell-raising, militant, political organizations. Meanwhile, millions of families are w i t h o u t warm, wonderful mothers, and homes are becoming more like luxurious jails than the miracles of love and warmth that w e r e the homes of a century before.1 7 Rockwell argues that the Jews themselves adhere to the laws of t h e tribe at the same time that they push its violation on others: The group loyalty of Jews is perhaps the most fantastic in t h e history of the world. It has propelled them into near m a s t e r y of the entire world--not because they are braver, work h a r d e r , are more intelligent or more worthy than the rest of u s - - b u t because they observe the basic laws of Nature and m a i n t a i n group loyalty. While all the rest of us have fallen for t h e i r rotten "one world," "we-are-all-brothers" garbage, which disintegrates our society, the Jews maintain their society w i t h a group loyalty such as history has never before seen, and t h u s they go from one triumph to another.1 8 To Rockwell, National Socialism comes down to living in alignment with the natural order of things: National Socialism is the only movement which has gained sufficient self-knowledge and insight to be able to u n d e r s t a n d this movement away from liberal artificiality and s h o r t sightedness and toward the eternal wisdom of Nature. Our allout belief in race, our insistence on the natural laws in society, economics, and every other field of human activity are, i n every case, the conscious, scientific application of these laws, instead of conceited and short-sighted perversions of t h e s e laws... 1 9

The National Socialist movement that Rockwell is trying to foster, h e says in his book, isn't about gaining political or economic power, at least not at this point. Rather, fundamentally it is an educational effort, a n

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attempt to bring about a radical change in the way whites think and feel about themselves. It involves the elimination of selfish atomism and greedy n a r r o w "individualism," or "democracy," and the restoration in t h e hearts of Western White men of the deeply satisfying feelings of love of our own kind. This love of one's group manifests itself in the willingness to sacrifice and give for one's f a m i l y - and the larger family of one's race.2 0 For Rockwell, it comes down to bringing about a sense of racial i d e n t i t y and loyalty among European whites. I obtained from Pierce a copy of an audiotape of a Rockwell speech to a college audience in November of 1966 which must have been similar to t h e one of which Pierce saw excerpts on television in 1962 that inspired him t o write a letter to Rockwell. 21 The speech was given at Brown University i n Providence, Rhode Island, where Rockwell himself had been a s t u d e n t before the outbreak of World War II. I presume the audience was m a d e up primarily of Brown students and faculty. Rockwell's speech took about an hour. He had an upbeat m a n n e r and a rapid-fire speaking style reminiscent of a standup comic ("Let m e tell you, ladies and gentleman..."). There was a lightness and likeability about him; he wasn't dark or harsh--except during one exchange, recounted below, with audience members who told him to stop speaking. Thus, with this one exception there was a contrast between this really quite charming presenter and the Jews-are-the-devil-incarnate substance of his message. Throughout Rockwell's speech, members of the audience were shouting out derisive comments. The shouting served as backdrop t o Rockwell's microphone-amplified voice and became part of the speech a n d to a great extent gave definition to the event. There was a stagy quality t o the occasion, and it was hard for me to tell how completely real the e v e n t seemed to the people who were in the audience--real as opposed t o participation in a kind of improvisational theater performance, or just a goof, the way people attending the Jerry Springer show in recent y e a r s might view the occasion. Rockwell's speech was not what could be called a straight-line presentation--it went from here to there and back again. He w o u l d frequently interrupt his prepared remarks to spar with hecklers and go off into what appeared to be spontaneous digressions. But despite the zigging and zagging, it seemed that Rockwell never lost his audience, and I had t h e distinct impression that when he finished those in attendance would h a v e

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preferred that he continue. I suspect it wasn't so much that they w a n t e d to hear more of what he was trying to get across; undoubtedly the v a s t majority of them were certain that he was spouting nonsense. Rather, t h e y were having a good time and didn't want it to end. Rockwell began his talk by telling the audience why he was a National Socialist. He said he was going to present a sample of t h e "shocking facts" that had turned him around. He then remarked that t h e last time he was in this hall, he was "half stewed, hanging on to a girl at a dance"--which got a sarcastic laugh. He said that he had read an article about Jewish organizations working all week to nullify what he would s a y in his speech that evening. But the last time a communist spoke here o n campus, Rockwell offered, this communist was "invited to tea with t h e Pembroke girls [Brown's sister school], and the Jews didn't say a word! When is the last time you heard of Jews protesting a communist?" His thesis tonight, Rockwell said, returning to his talk, is that y o u can't have an educated opinion or manage a democracy unless you a r e given all the facts about things. Most liberals are sincere and dedicated people, he acknowledged, and, he asserted, most of the people in t h e academic community are liberals. But the reason they are liberals, h e insisted, is that the facts that they are provided leave them no room t o make any other choice but to be liberal. Rockwell then started to read an excerpt from a London n e w s p a p e r clipping from 1920 by Winston Churchill. At this point, someone in t h e audience hooted, and Rockwell remarked that is the first time he h a d heard Winston Churchill get that kind of reaction. Rockwell said he w o u l d send copies of any of the printed material he referred to in his speech t o anyone who wanted them, and that if any of it proved to be phony h e would "go to work for Harry Golden and the NAACP." He then finished reading the excerpt from the Churchill article that said in effect that t h e Russian revolution in 1917 was a take-over of that country by Jews. Of the three hundred eighty-three commissars after the revolution, o v e r three hundred were Jews, Rockwell claimed. "Why haven't you been told this?" Rockwell asked his audience. In Russia, Rockwell went on, you have freedom of speech. You c a n criticize anybody you want--except the communists, that is. And the s a m e thing holds true in China, Rockwell declared. You can criticize anybody b u t the communists. In Cuba, same thing--anybody but Castro. And in t h e United States, you can criticize anybody. "You can criticize Irishmen," h e said, "and Italians, the French, people from Brown and Pembroke, a n y b o d y you want. That is to say, anybody but the Jews. You can't criticize t h e m . And if you think you can, try it tomorrow. You'll be called an anti-Semite. Nobody dares say anything critical against Jews."

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"Jews don't burn books to keep you from reading them," a s s e r t e d Rockwell. "They are more sophisticated than that. They don't burn t h e m because then you'd know about it. They just quietly use their business genius. They simply say to booksellers, 'If you sell any book that we d o n ' t like, you won't get any more books,' and since they control the publishing industry they can make good on their threat. The result is that you can't buy books they don't like." Rockwell then took out another document. This one, he said, was a memorandum from the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, a Jewish organization, addressed to booksellers. According to Rockwell, it s a i d "Scribners and Sons has just published a book by Madison Grant entitled The Conquest of a Continent. 22 It is extremely antagonistic to Jewish interests. Emphasized throughout is the Nordic superiority theory and t h e utter negation of any melting pot philosophy with regard to America. W e are interested in stifling the sale of this book." The book at no t i m e criticizes Jews, Rockwell contended. "It simply says that the white man is the master race and created America. And you can't read it, you can't b u y it, it isn't available." "Now, I've written a book," Rockwell went on. "It may be the w o r s t book in the world, but don't you think you should be able to decide t h a t for yourself? Do you think the ADL and the Jewish War Veterans should be able to get together and say you will not read Rockwell's book? A n d that you won't hear him speak? And that if he does somehow manage t o speak, he'll speak in a small hall? And that he won't be on television speaking for himself either?" Rockwell then produced another document; this one, he said, w a s from the American Jewish Committee. He said that it told people how t o deal with him if he does manage to get heard: "Don't respond to the points Rockwell's making. Don't argue with him. Just point out what a rat he is. Call him names." "You are not only being denied information," Rockwell declared. "You are being told what you will like and not like, and in case you rebel a n d say 'Oh no I won't go along with that,' they use plain old-fashioned terrorism. Anybody thinks they don't, get up and try to give a so-called anti-Semitic speech. Try distributing Churchill's article I read to you, a n d unless you are very well organized you'll wind up with a bloody nose. They don't argue with you, they don't deny what you say, they just s h u t you up." "This is supposed to be a free college [at Brown]. There are a lot of colleges around the country where people say 'I'm a communist' all t h e time. But try saying something against the equality of the races or against the Jews--that they might be involved in communism or are behind race-mixing--and you will be silenced and shut up."

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It is this suppression of the facts that accounts for liberalism, a r g u e d Rockwell. "You have been told that the Negro is a white man with a d a r k skin. If that is the truth, then we have no business discriminating one bit. We should marry them, we should mix [have children] with them. But if there is a difference other than the color of skin, then we ought to discuss it. But that you can't do. The minute you try to point out the fact t h a t there are differences other than color of skin, then you are in trouble. You are a racist, a Nazi, a fascist, a hater, a bigot. All of these are names. Nobody discusses the facts. There are plenty of facts to prove just exactly what the Negroes are." "If the facts are as they say they are," Rockwell went on, "that t h e Negroes are wonderful and the Jews are even better, then we ought to m i x and Jews ought to run the country, and we might as well fold up, us w h i t e Christians. We've got no business trying to run our country. We're too stupid. But those aren't the facts." "The Roman Empire perished from senility--old age," said Rockwell. "It decayed. It went rotten. America isn't an old country, but it is decaying. The reason this is happening isn't because we are old, senile, o r feeble. It is because we are being purposefully rotted; the soul of America is being rotted out by germs. I have a Viet Cong flag I tore down with m y own hands and went to jail for doing it. The communist who was p a r a d i n g around the White House went on parading, and I went to jail. Treason is going on in our country, and nobody even gets indignant, nobody e v e n cares any more. America will sit around and watch anything h a p p e n . Anything goes, and nobody will do anything about it. I'm trying to c r e a t e a movement to stop the rot and decay in America." Rockwell then gave what he said were examples of the rot and d e c a y he was talking about. First he offered up modern art. He said he k n e w something about art. He had won first prize in 1948 in a commercial a r t contest for a full-page ad he'd done for the American Cancer Society t h a t ran in the New York Times. "Where did this screwy art come from?" h e asked. "Paintings that look like an automobile accident. And how about t h e screwy poetry, and the sculpture that looks like cow dung piled up?" His point was that it came from Jews, and he then proceeded to give what h e claimed were examples. He said that at first he thought that Picasso w a s just a Spaniard, but then he learned that he was "one of the boys." [Picasso wasn't Jewish.] Another example of the Jews he is talking about, he said, was this Ralph Ginsburg [a magazine publisher]; or no, he corrected himself, this other one, the poet, whose first name he couldn't recall [Allen]. This kind of art is destroying order, he said, and when that h a p p e n s you are defenseless. "Why, in Washington, D.C., right where I live, a woman can't walk on the streets alone because they are dropping out of

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trees." [Laughter] Reacting to the laughter, Rockwell added, "No, it's t r u e ! They [undoubtedly meaning blacks] actually did drop out of a tree onto t h e daughter of one of the big State Department officials. I’m not making t h a t up.” He then went on to talk about a "big convention of queers at one of the major hotels in Washington--the Sheraton or the Shoreham." "There comes a time when you draw a line and say this is wrong a n d immoral and we are going to put a stop to it," declared Rockwell. Rockwell then turned back to the Jews: "You hear about the six million [killed in the Holocaust], but do any Jews ever show you what t h e y did in Russia to the Christians, killing twenty million of them? [He w a s referring to the extermination of political opponents and i n d e p e n d e n t farmers called kulaks during the Stalin era.] No movies, no tears." Then to communism and the civil rights movement: "Now, blacks a r e truly oppressed people," Rockwell acknowledged. "They have a tough life. The commies move in and say 'We are going to help you poor people.' A n d then they have march-ins and crawl-ins and squirm-ins and w e t - i n s [building laughter] and they get all you people to go down to Selma [Alabama, the site of a major civil rights demonstration] and help t h e m . The guy leading it all is Martin Luther King. I look at all the r e d organizations he belongs to, and he's got communist assistance. I say he's a red!" Rockwell then goes on to assert that the Jews are behind the civil rights movement because they are communists and want to p r o m o t e miscegenation and the disintegration of the white race. Rockwell told his audience that when he saw all this going on in t h i s country, he first joined with the conservatives as a way to do something about it. But he quickly became disenchanted with conservatives, who h e said turned out to be "the most cowardly bunch of finks I ever had to d e a l with." He said he gave up on them and told himself that he was going t o "fight, tell the truth, every bit I know." "So I have been telling the whole truth since then, and even though i t has been tough, I have been winning some of the most wonderful people I have ever met, people who are no hypocrites and cowards. This country is drowning in hypocrisy and cowardice. Conservatives say 'I love Jews a n d Negroes are my best friends.' How is that going to save the country? So I became a Nazi because I found out what a Nazi is. A Nazi is a man w h o believes in the white race above all things. That doesn't mean we have t o persecute anybody, but it does mean that we have to keep our c o u n t r y white. If Israel is a Jewish country and has a right to be Jewish, if Ghana is a black country and has a right to be black, why don't we have the right t o keep a white country white and Christian? How long do you people t h i n k you'd last if you went to Israel and campaigned in the Jewish schools

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against singing Jewish songs? And yet they are over here campaigning against us singing Christmas carols in ours. They won't tolerate it, but w e must. "They are destroying our culture, our civilization, and they h a v e millions of good Americans like many of you helping them to do it because you really believe you are helping to build a better world. They tell y o u about what happened to the poor Jews in Germany, but they don't tell y o u what the Jews did to Germany, and what they are trying to do here. A n d anybody who tries to tell you, they use terrorism to shut him up. Every time I speak, I get letters saying 'I agreed with what you said but I w a s afraid to say it.' This has to stop. No man in America should be afraid t o say what is in his heart, and we are. And that is why I am a Nazi, because I am no longer going to be a slave to fear. I'm no longer going to be a f r a i d to say what I believe to be the truth. If I'm wrong, show me and I'll quit, but stop calling me sick and calling me names and trying to punch me i n the face. It will never stop me. It never stopped our forefathers. No American worthy of the name in the history of this country has e v e r backed down because somebody beat on him or called him sick or t h r e w something at him, and I'm not about to, either.” At this point several people in the audience shouted. I couldn't pick up what they were saying. "I'm going either to run this orderly or I'm not going to speak," Rockwell responded. "Don't speak!" yells a male voice. Cheers follow. "Would you like me to quit? I'll be glad to quit." Much yelling, blending into a roar. Rockwell takes that to indicate that he ought to go on. "Then tell these Jews to shut up and I'll go ahead!. I'm not going to speak in t h e middle of disorder!" "You aren't saying anything anyway!" Cheers. "When the Jews are quiet, I'm going to continue." "Leave now!" "Now's your chance, Jews. Let the Christians see how you operate." "The Negroes in my opinion are biologically inferior," Rockwell continued. "Not all of them--you may have some in this room who a r e smarter than I am. I'm talking about the average ghetto Negro. The g r e a t mass of Negroes just can't make it in a modern urban society. That is n o t their fault and it is not mine, but the way to remedy it is not to take y o u r rights away and give it to the Negroes, because it won't help either one of you. It just pulls everybody down. I think we [the races] ought t o separate. I don't think segregation will work, and I know integration w o n ' t work. If we can't get them [blacks] to Africa, I'm willing to give them p a r t of the U.S.--namely Miami Beach and Brooklyn!" [Laughter]

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Rockwell then went into how "Jews' business genius" has gotten them in control of television, "an industry that controls the minds of America." "Television is the most powerful medium in the world," Rockwell asserted. "There are only [at this time] three television networks. At NBC, the Chairman is Robert Sarnoff, a Russian Jew. At ABC, t h e Chairman is Leonard Goldenson, a Russian Jew. At CBS, there's William Paley--Palinsky--another Russian Jew. They control everything you see o n television, and as a result even though eighty-five percent of the serious crime in this country is committed by Negroes, have you ever seen a Negro criminal? Every time you see a Negro he's a judge or a lawyer or a v e r y great man. On the opposite hand, whenever you see a whodunit and y o u are trying to figure out who the dirty rat is that did it, and a guy comes along and says ‘Hi y'all, I'm from Alabama,’ he done it, that's the guy! He's usually unshaven and dirty and filthy--Southern white Christian Protestant, no good. That is what has happened to your television. What I am getting at is Jewish businessmen have gotten to the top, which is t h e i r privilege, but then they use and abuse their position to brainwash o u r country so that you don't any more know what is going on. "I believe communism is rapidly disappearing as an issue in t h i s country. I think the issue is rapidly going to become race. And I'm going to fight. I did it in World War II and I did it in Korea and I'm going to d o it again, right here. Thank you very much." (Silence and then s c a t t e r e d applause.) "Did Rockwell have a major influence on your thinking?" I asked Pierce. "Rockwell didn't have any philosophical influence on me, but I d i d learn many practical things from him, how you get a publication p r i n t e d and so on. When I was living in Connecticut I used to drive down t o Washington every weekend--for a period of several months. [By that time, Rockwell had moved his headquarters to a white, sixteen-room h o u s e loaned him by an elderly woman.] I just sat in Rockwell's office a n d watched and listened and absorbed as much as I could of how he w a s going about things. Telephone calls would come in, members of h i s organization would come in and talk to him. I would talk to him just like you and I are to try to orient myself more to exactly what it was that I could do. He was an unthreatened person--you could ask him anything. We got to know each other, and even though we were very d i f f e r e n t - - h e was gregarious and I'm not, and so on--I really liked the guy. I was t h e r e in his office in 1965 during the interview he did with Alex Haley f o r Playboy magazine." Later, I found the Playboy article to which Pierce referred. 2 3 T h e interview was published in the April, 1966 issue of Playboy and received a lot of attention at the time. Haley, who has since died, was an African

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American writer best known for helping Malcolm X with his autobiography and for the book that was the inspiration for the phenomenally successful late-1970s television mini-series, "Roots." In the preface to the interview, Haley described his introduction to Rockwell: About a dozen Nazis stared icily as the guards walked me p a s t them and up the stairs to Rockwell's door, where a s i d e - a r m e d trooper frisked me expertly from head to toe. Within a r m ' s reach, I noticed, was a wooden rack holding short c o m b a t lengths of sawed-off iron pipe. Finding me, "clean," the g u a r d ceremoniously opened the door, stepped inside, saluted, s a i d "Sieg Heil"--echoed brusquely from within--then stood aside and nodded permission for me to come in. I did.2 4 Haley began the interview by asking Rockwell why he kept a pistol at his elbow and an armed bodyguard (Pierce said that he wasn't a bodyguard or armed) in the room. Rockwell answered: Just a precaution. You may not be aware of the fact that I h a v e received literally thousands of threats against my life. Most of them have been from cranks, but some of them haven't been. There are bullet holes all over the outside of this building. Just last week, two gallon jugs of flaming gasoline were flung against the house, right under my window. I keep this g u n within reach and a guard beside me during interviews because I've been attacked too many times to take any chances. 2 5 In the interview, Rockwell went over his "four phase" plan, as h e called it: The first phase is to reach the masses: you can do nothing until you've reached the masses. In order to reach t h e m - - w i t h o u t money, without status, without a public platform--you have t o become a dramatic figure. Now, in order to achieve that, I ' v e had to take a lot of garbage: being called a nut and a m o n s t e r and everything else. But by hanging up the swastika, I r e a c h the masses. The second phase is to disabuse them of the false picture they have gotten of me, to educate them about w h a t my real program is. The third phase will be to organize t h e people I've educated into a political entity. And the f o u r t h phase will be to use that political entity as a machine to w i n political power. 2 6

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In the interview, Rockwell talked about "raising hell to keep people aware." His latest ideas included staging a "back to Africa" rally at t h e corner of Lenox Avenue and 125th Street, the heart of New York's Harlem, and skywriting a swastika over Manhattan on Hitler's birthday. 2 7 Rockwell talked about two of his times in jail: ...the Jew-dominated officials of New Orleans had us all t h r o w n in jail on phony charges that were later dropped. We finally got out by staging a hunger strike: eleven of us went eight d a y s without a bite....Another time in Virginia, they put me in jail, and I was facing ten years' possible imprisonment for "starting a war against the niggers." You've never seen a man act a s guilty as the sheriff who arrested me....He felt he was doing t h e wrong thing. Here I was, a white man fighting for the s a m e things he believed in, and he was throwing me in jail.2 8 He even discussed his plans to be President in 1972: By 1972, with the economy coming apart at the seams, with t h e niggers pushing, with the Communists agitating, with all t h i s spiritual emptiness, with all this cowardice and betrayal by o u r government, the masses of common, ordinary white people will have had it up to here. They will want a real leader in t h e White House--no more spineless jellyfish, no more oily, t w o faced demagogues... 2 9

"Was it your idea," I inquired of Pierce, "to start up The National Socialist World and be its editor?" "It was a confluence there--it came out of both Rockwell and m e . When I was working up in Connecticut, I used to go to the Yale University library, and I found all these wonderful books about race a n d demographics and so on that had been written in the 1920s and ' 3 0 s warning about where the policies we were putting in place would lead, a n d they hadn't been checked out in thirty years. So I thought, what is t h e point of my writing a book, as I had been thinking of doing? These authors are learned men--one of them, I remember, was the head of t h e New York Zoological Society--and they can write better than I can, a n d nobody reads their books. I thought, I've got to do something besides j u s t write a book and have it sink without making a ripple. I decided that I wanted to do something that was more interactive and that was going t o

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build on itself. I decided I would start a journal, and I had a title in mind, National Socialist Thought. But I had never put out a publication of a n y sort. I didn't know how to proceed. How do I get it into print? It t u r n e d out that my connection with Rockwell taught me a lot about that. "After I had known Rockwell for a while, I approached him with t h e journal idea, and he said that that was exactly what he had been thinking about too, and that we ought to call it National Socialist World. I t h o u g h t his title was better than mine, and I said OK. Rockwell had already d o n e sketches for a cover layout, design, and everything--art was his t h i n g - - b u t he didn't have anybody to put out the magazine. We talked about it s o m e more, and I told Rockwell that I couldn't work with the kinds of people h e had around there--he had a lot of really defective people around h i m - - a n d so it has to be completely separate from his operation. What I am going t o need from you, I told him, is half the money to get this journal launched, the use of your printing plant, your mailing list, and your expertise. I'll put it together. Rockwell went with that, although when it came time t o pay the printer he didn't have the money, so I had to pay for the whole thing. It turned out to be successful, though--at least it paid for itself. "I condensed the book by Savitri Devi that I had read at Oregon State, The Lightning and the Sun, to about a quarter of its original length and reprinted it in that first issue. 30 I wrote her and sent her m y condensation and asked her whether it was OK with her that I do it, a n d she said it was all right with her. Almost no one had seen her b o o k - nobody was selling it anywhere. She had printed it herself and if someone would write her, which I did back in Oregon, she would send him a copy of the book. Rockwell was a little taken aback when he found out I was going to use that in the first issue--it may have been a little dry for his t a s t e - but he went along with it. The reprint took up most of the space, and t h e n I had a couple of articles, one of them by Rockwell, and some book r e v i e w s and that was it." Pierce's publication of Savitri Devi’s book in his new journal brought it t o the attention of a much larger audience than her own self-published effort had and contributed significantly to sparking the increased interest t h a t was to develop in her writings. Devi is an example of the intriguing characters one encounters on the far-right political fringe. Although a French national by birth, Devi--then Maximiani Portas--as a young w o m a n identified with Greece, the country of her father's birth. Her biographer, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, describes her experience when she went t o Greece to study: The beauty of Athens conjured a vision of its ancient society before her mind's eye: the physical perfection of the slim a n d

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athletic Grecian youths, the order and simplicity of daily life, and the martial bearing and courage of the soldiers. She s a w the merchants and townspeople in loose-fitting white g a r m e n t s going about their business on the concourses of the Agora, where philosophers sat conversing on its low stone walls. Everywhere she perceived beauty, order, and light, an image of classical man in harmony with nature, creating a d m i r a b l e buildings and great public spaces. In her opinion, this noble culture of "Hellenism," "an out and out beautiful world of warriors and artists," could only be the product of a p u r e race. 3 1 In time, Devi came to connect Hitler and National Socialism with the d r e a m she had of a new racial order based on classical Greek antiquity. Devi acquired Greek citizenship and did graduate work there i n science, mathematics, and philosophy, and was awarded a doctorate i n 1931. She then went to India hoping to find in Hindu India a living equivalent to ancient Greece and the Teutonic tribes of northern Europe before Christianity took hold there. From 1932 to 1935, she lived a t Rabindrath Tagore's ashram and adopted the Indian name she would c a r r y for the rest of her life. Devi soon rejected Christianity as being solely interested in man a n d embraced Hinduism, which she viewed as concerned with the e n t i r e universe of existence, with man but a part of this larger, all-encompassing reality. Goodrick-Clarke: Savitri Devi did not accept a demarcation line between m a n and the rest of the living world. She criticized monotheistic creeds from Judaism on for positing a god who gave special rights to man to use other creatures for his own benefit. In h e r opinion, the concern of Jehovah with his chosen people, t h e Jews, typified the limitations of a tribal or local deity. Christianity, she maintained, was nothing more than a globalized tribal religion; the Christians had raised Jesus Christ to the deity of an extended tribe, namely, mankind, which w a s no more than one species among many others in the endless variety of nature. She detested Christianity and other creedal religions for making man, not life, the center of their creative myths and the basis of their scale of values.3 2 During her first five years in India, Devi traveled extensively throughout the country, taught English and Indian history at two colleges,

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and lectured at a Hindu mission, as it was called, which was set up b y independence-minded Hindu political organizations to counteract declining Hindu influence in the country. She was impressed with Indian nationalist political elements who sought closer ties with Hitler's Germany in t h e i r efforts to achieve independence from British rule and made t h e acquaintance of one of its leaders, Subhas Chandra Bose. The Hindu mission where she lectured had a distinct pro-Hitler slant, its p r e s i d e n t describing Hitler as the "saviour of the world." In 1938 Devi met and married Asit Krishna Mukherji, the editor of a pro-German, National Socialist magazine. It appears that to a large e x t e n t it was a marriage of convenience, as she was worried that with h e r reputation as a Hindu mission lecturer and Nazi sympathizer she would b e deported by British authorities as a suspected alien or forbidden to t r a v e l abroad and return. Marriage to Mukherji would make her the wife of a British subject and able to travel freely. Devi describes their marriage a s based on shared ideals and a cordial friendship rather than a romantic attachment. There were no children. After work at the Hindu mission, evenings were spent at home with her husband discussing Hinduism, racial ideology, and Mein Kampf. Devi also studied yoga and Indian cuisine, a n d worked on a book about a “religion for a New Order” based on the solar cult of an Egyptian pharaoh, Akhnaton, called the religion of the Disk.33 Goodrick-Clarke: The injunction to live in accordance with nature was the single commandment of the religion of the Disk. Man should understand nature as a rational, beautiful, and loving order a n d not seek to superimpose upon it his own needs or ideas of right. Any philosophical or moral notions reflecting a "supernatural" world view lead to error. The religion of t h e Disk is quite simply a romantic religion of nature.3 4 Devi considered Nazism to be consistent with the religion of the Disk, as i t too was based on an integral truth grounded in an understanding and love of nature. The book she wrote on this topic entitled Son of God w a s published in 1946. All of her books were self-published with the help of her husband. Devi's writings after the war, Impeachment of Man being o n e example, argued passionately for animal rights and care for t h e environment. She demanded that mankind end what she saw as i t s exploitation of animals and called for the end of meat eating, the w e a r i n g of furs and feathers, hunting, bullfighting, circus performances, employing animals as beasts of burden, and the use of animals in medical a n d

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scientific experiments. She deplored what she saw as the brutalization of nature that had taken place in the United States, a country she said was "a land of forests as late as the middle of the nineteenth century." A b o u t America Devi wrote: And there in the place of murdered trees are roads a n d railways, towns with endless suburbs, villages rapidly growing into towns, and vast expanses of cultivated land; more a n d more cultivated land to feed more and more people who m i g h t as well never have ever been born. 3 5 As for human beings, in Devi's eyes, there is simply too little quality and far too much quantity. Goodrick-Clarke: She is in revolt against the whole utilitarian ethos of the West, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number. In h e r view, people are simply not equal. She is convinced that t h i s emphasis upon universal welfare at the expense of nature will ultimately degrade the planet into a crowded polluted slum. She seeks a qualitative improvement of the world by which s h e understands the creation of a hardy, physical breed of s u p e r i o r Aryans inhabiting an aesthetic world of natural beauty. For her, racism is an ecological imperative to conserve the good i n nature. 3 6 As Devi saw it, Nazism accorded with her reverence Goodrick-Clarke:

for n a t u r e .

The Nazi philosophy set at naught man's intellectual conceit, h i s naive pride in "progress," and his futile attempts to e n s l a v e nature, and instead made the mysterious and unfailing impersonal wisdom of forests, oceans, and outer space the basis of a global regeneration policy for an overcrowded, overcivilized, and technologically overdeveloped world. 3 7 While Devi saw the Nazis as allies, she viewed Jews as her antagonists. She believed Jews were on the side of everything she didn't want: racial mixing, cosmopolitanism, Marxism, liberalism, skepticism, and the idea of an international raceless brotherhood. She believed that the Jews p u s h e d these things on others all the while adhering closely to their own tribal identity and thus protecting themselves from their negative 38 consequences.

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After the war, Devi left India, leaving her husband behind. It appears she and her husband parted on amiable terms and they n e v e r divorced. For a time she worked in Iceland as a tutor in French. She t h e n went to Germany where she made contact with Nazi loyalists and engaged in such activities as passing out leaflets saying "Hold fast to our glorious National Socialist faith, and resist!!" This got her arrested for promoting militarist and National Socialist ideas on German territory in violation of occupation law, a crime which carried a maximum sentence of death. She responded to her arrest with defiance and scorn and was sentenced t o three years in prison, although she only served a few months. While imprisoned, she finished The Lightning and the Sun. When the book w a s published in 1958, she was working in Edinburgh, Scotland as a w a r d r o b e manager for a traveling dance company. Devi became active in international neo-Nazi activities in the 1 9 6 0 s , which included becoming a founding member of the World Union of National Socialists. She worked closely with British neo-Nazis, including Colin Jordan and John Tyndall. One of the rallies of the National Socialist Movement party in Britain which she attended in 1962 was marked by t h e well-publicized appearance of American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell. In the last years of her life, Devi traveled here and there staying with friends and sympathizers. Pierce told me Devi would just show u p with a backpack and stay for a time. Following her death in 1982, h e r ashes were placed in a shrine at the headquarters of the National Socialist White People's Party (Rockwell had changed the name from the American Nazi Party in early 1967). In 1983, there was a memorial service for h e r at this site. The urn containing her ashes sat on a pedestal in front of a Nazi flag. To each side were candles and bouquets of flowers. To the r i g h t was a somewhat idealized picture of a younger Savitri Devi in profile surrounded by a wreath over which was draped a sash once worn by Adolf Hitler. Although she has received little or no attention in the media, Savitri Devi has attained, since her death, cult status in certain circles outside t h e mainstream of society. Her uncompromising approach to life, her disdain for the masses and vision of a pristine new Aryan order, her love of animals, her nature-centered view of existence, her criticism of a n increasingly congested and automated world, and her search for a m o r e fitting religion than Christianity have struck a chord in our time. She is talked about and read--more now than when she was alive--by neo-Nazis, radical environmentalists, paganists, those pessimistic about the effects of increasing human population and technological change, and animal rights advocates around the world. 3 9

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"You say Rockwell had a lot of limited people around him?" I asked Pierce. “‘Defective’ is the term I think you used to describe them." "Rockwell was courageous and honest and he didn't have an ego problem,” Pierce answered. “So many people are terrified of taking a n unpopular public stand, but not Rockwell. He wasn't afraid to stick h i s neck out and get vilified and beaten up. I admired that. But he was t h i s flamboyant showman, that was his style, and I had problems with that. The sensationalist approach, the publicity stunts and so on, it just w a s n ' t dignified, it looked foolish; and, really, what we are about is no laughing matter. If you put on a show as he was doing, calling yourself t h e American Nazi Party and waving swastika banners around in front of t h e White House, if you come on with an incendiary approach, most levelheaded people, even if they think of themselves as National Socialists, a r e going to be hesitant to get involved with that kind of circus. Rockwell h a d gathered around himself a group of people who for the most part w e r e quite defective in one way or another. They were cripples. Things were i n constant chaos. One damn thing after another. People were fighting w i t h each other and organizing mutinies. People had to be gotten out of jail. I thought to myself, ‘I couldn't put up with this. I'm never going to d o anything that is dependent on defective people like this. I've got to h a v e normal, moral, capable people around me if I am ever going to g e t anything done.’ That was the most important lesson I learned f r o m Rockwell: do things in a way that will attract the kind of people you c a n work with." "Your major project at that time with Rockwell was getting out t h e first edition of National Socialist World, is that right?" "Yes. During the magazine's production I was still living i n Connecticut. I pasted up the pages of the magazine up there after it h a d been set in type by an outfit in Dallas. Then I used my annual vacation from work to go to Virginia where Rockwell had a print shop to o v e r s e e the actual printing. It was on a piece of land in the country about fifty miles south of Washington given to him by a sympathizer. It had a chicken house made out of cement blocks on it about one hundred f e e t long and maybe twelve feet wide. It had been fixed up with r u n n i n g water and electricity, and they had used it as a combination barracks a n d print shop. They had a printing press in there and racks on the wall f o r ink and rollers, a darkroom, a lithographic camera--everything you n e e d e d for lithographic printing. "The guy in charge of the print shop--and remember this name --was John Patler. While I was around there, I had a chance to o b s e r v e Patler. His real name was Yanacki Patsalos. He was this dark, g r e a s y looking little guy from New York, and he felt bad he was Greek instead of Swedish or German. It really bugged him. He tried to disguise his origin

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by changing his name. He had this feeling of inferiority, and he had a n envy and hatred for people with light eyes, hair, and complexion. I d o n ' t know exactly where this came from. Maybe it was because he had g r o w n up in New York and he was from a poor immigrant family and was at t h e bottom of the pecking order, and at the top around where he was f r o m were the English, Irish, and Germans. Anyway, he was organizing t h e darker members of the party against what he called the blue-eyed devils. He was a very aggressive little turd. It was wild, surreal. Patler was s o r t of talented, though. Besides the printing, he was an artist. He did cartoons for Rockwell. He was smart and had a lot of willpower and drive. The other people in the print shop were real losers of one sort or another, a n d they did the grunt work for him. "When it came time to print the magazine, I stayed down by t h e print shop. I ate my meals in a little kitchen in one end of the chicken coop and slept in a station wagon I had at the time. Rockwell had told m e that I had better stay down there all the time because he suspected t h a t Patler was going to sabotage the whole damn thing. Patler hates you, Rockwell said. Rockwell said Patler doesn't want this magazine p r o d u c e d because he looks upon it as a competitor to his own magazine, the one h e edited, called Stormtrooper. And it did turn out that Patler and I were i n constant warfare during that time. "But I had to get the magazine done, and through sheer will I did g e t it done. I just sort of pushed Patler. It was a nightmare. He came to h a t e me intensely, and I'm sure he would have gladly killed me if he h a d thought he could get away with it. I didn't know how to do t h i s lithographic work when I got there, but I watched Patler do it and I learned pretty quickly. So when Patler tried to stall me, I said 'OK I'll d o it,' and I operated the camera and made the negatives. You'll notice o n that first issue of the magazine [of the six in total] that there is u n e v e n print density. That was because of my inexperience in doing that sort of thing. "When we got to the final stages of stapling and gluing all the covers and so on, we recruited all the little kids from the neighboring farms. Free labor. They didn't know what it was all about, but they seemed to b e having a good time. I remember one of the little kids, about five years old, was nicknamed 'Turd.' "On June 6th, 1966, I hauled all those magazines off in my station wagon to the post office. I said to myself, iacta alea e s t --the die is cast. I have to make it work now. For me it was like jumping into u n k n o w n waters; would I sink or swim? I just assumed that I wouldn't be able t o continue working at Pratt & Whitney once the magazine was published. So I quit my job there. I also had all these fantasies about what m i g h t happen to me when I made that first public commitment, publishing t h e

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first issue of the magazine. I thought that maybe I would become t h e target of black militant organizations or Jewish gangsters, that I'd g e t attacked or shot or something, I didn't know. But I was inspired by t h e example of Rockwell's courage. And I wanted to use my own name. I didn't want to be anonymous because I wanted to be in contact w i t h people. As it turned out, nothing really happened. My theory is that t h e printed word doesn't mean all that much to blacks. They will only r e a c t when you actually get right in their face and confront them. As for Jews, if they sense a threat, they'll use one of their organizations, or they'll form a new one, and jump on you that way. "My wife had been anticipating this change--I had told her I w a s going to have to quit my job in Connecticut when the magazine came o u t - so she had been looking around for employment. She was able to f i n d work as an assistant professor of mathematics at Mary Washington College in Fredericksburg, Virginia. We lived in Fredericksburg, and I had a n office at home. I commuted up to Arlington where I had a P.O. box for t h e magazine and a small space in the place Rockwell was living in where I kept my records. It was an old mansion on a hill with about forty acres of land. It was worth millions of dollars. The owner of the land was an old woman who let Rockwell stay there. I guess she liked Rockwell, but also partly, I think, having him there served her purposes by keeping o t h e r people off the land." "I do happen to know that John Patler, your adversary at the p r i n t shop, was the one who shot and killed Rockwell. What do you know a b o u t that?" "We used to call Patler the 'animal trainer' because he would g a t h e r the most defective people around him, the ones nobody else could put u p with, and convert them into essentially his slaves by stroking them. He was a guy who was very much centered on his own immediate personal situation and not the goal of changing America. How can John Patler climb up the next rung of the ladder, that was his concern. He very m u c h resented anybody he saw as a threat to him. That would cause p r o b l e m s because every once in a while somebody would come along with a bit m o r e talent than he had and he would try to sabotage the guy the way he t r i e d to sabotage me. Rockwell told me when I was down there putting t h e magazine together that he had thrown Patler out of the organization once before and that it looked as if he was going to have to do it again. Rockwell said Patler had always been a real problem, that he was w o u n d too tight and that there had been more incidents at the print shop a n d Patler had been doing his organizing. A few months after my magazine came out, Rockwell did throw Patler out--this must have been in the fall of 1966.

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"About June of the next year, 1967, Rockwell drove out of t h e headquarters to run an errand. As usual he was accompanied b y somebody when he went out. That wasn't always the case, t h o u g h - - h e could be very careless about his personal safety. There was a long drive, maybe one hundred yards, from the house down to the street, with forest on both sides. When Rockwell got back from his errands, there was s o m e brush piled in the driveway. Rockwell was driving and had to stop, a n d the other guy got out of the car to clear the brush off the driveway so t h e y could continue. "It turned out that Patler had put the brush there and was hiding i n bushes alongside the driveway. While the other guy was out of the c a r clearing the brush, Patler took a shot at Rockwell sitting in the car. I t missed and ricocheted off the car just above the door where Rockwell w a s sitting. Rockwell, who was unarmed, jumped out of the car and b e g a n running toward where Patler was. Patler panicked and took off r u n n i n g through the woods with Rockwell at his heels. Patler was armed, Rockwell wasn't, and Rockwell was chasing him. Patler was about twenty y e a r s younger and a faster runner and got away. Later I asked Rockwell w h o did it, and he said, 'I couldn't get a clear look at the guy, all I could see w a s his back--but I would swear it was John Patler.' I said, 'You'd better b e careful from now on. That son of a bitch Patler is crazy.' "Well, he wasn't careful enough. Because about t w o - a n d - a - h a l f months later--August 25, 1967--Patler killed him. It was a S a t u r d a y morning, and Rockwell drove out of that same driveway to do his l a u n d r y at a laundromat at a shopping center just across the street. Patler was a t the same place waiting in the bushes and saw Rockwell go into t h e laundromat. Patler went over there and climbed up on the roof of t h e place and waited for Rockwell to come out. Rockwell came out and s t a r t e d to get into his car, and Patler shot him through the windshield of the c a r from the top of the laundromat. Rockwell hadn't yet closed the door a n d fell out of the car dead, shot in the chest. Patler was caught within an h o u r and got twenty years in prison, and I think he served something like seven. [Patler was paroled in 1975 but violated his parole and served a n additional six years. 40 ] "I had never had an official position in Rockwell's organization. I n fact, I had never even been a member. The previous January Rockwell had changed the name of the party to the National Socialist White People's Party. I may have influenced him there. I had told him that t h i s American Nazi Party thing was a circus, not a political party; it doesn't sound real. But even with the name change, I still didn't join. But t h e n after Rockwell was shot I did join. Rockwell had responded to me a n d been a kind of anchor, and I had launched a magazine with his help, and I didn't feel I should walk out. When Rockwell was killed I had b e e n

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publishing a little over a year. I could have left easily enough, as I had t h e mailing list I had gotten from Rockwell for my initial mailing of t h e magazine and the subscriptions were coming in and I had my office d o w n in Fredericksburg, but I didn't want to see everything fall apart. I felt very much indebted to Rockwell for allowing me to say the things I really wanted to say and for providing me with the infrastructure I needed, a printing plant and the know-how and an initial mailing list to g e t subscriptions. Plus I was picking his brain. I was learning a lot a b o u t people and how things worked, interactions with the government, things like that, so I felt an obligation to him. "During the time I had been in Rockwell's circle, I had met only t w o or three people I had much respect for--people who I thought w e r e sincere and of reasonably good character--and one of them was a m a n named Matt Koehl. [Koehl rhymes with “mail.” From the pictures of Koehl I have seen taken in those years, he was in his early thirties, d a r k - h a i r e d , and nondescript in appearance.] Koehl was Rockwell's number two man, s o there was Koehl left with the responsibility with Rockwell gone. I tried t o help Koehl keep things going. I decided if I was going to try to h e l p salvage things at least I should become a member of the party. So I said, 'Give me a membership card. I'm going to put my name on the dotted line. I'm going to be a member of the National Socialist White People's Party, and I'll try to help you in any way I can.' "In retrospect, that was a mistake. I should have quit and gone m y own course. But it did give me a context in which to work and continue t o develop ideas. I did three more issues of the magazine. I had done t h r e e before Rockwell got shot, so there were six in all. The last issue was i n 1968. One of them had a short biography of Rockwell I wrote in it. I also wrote articles for a little newspaper they had and generally p r o b l e m solved. One of my functions, I would go to demonstrations they w o u l d have in Washington and take pictures, and I'd carry a wad of cash to bail out whoever got arrested. "There was one other fellow involved trying to salvage things a f t e r Rockwell got killed--Robert Lloyd. Lloyd had been with Rockwell from t h e time he was seventeen years old. I liked Lloyd and worked well with him. He liked the National Socialist World, and I officially made him circulation manager. He was a bright and very gutsy young guy. [Lloyd was in h i s late twenties, fair-haired, and approaching soap-opera handsome.] "To show you what Lloyd was like, it must have been in '64, t h e r e was a big debate in Mississippi between the official Democratic p a r t y faction and the civil rights faction [the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party] made up of a lot of Jews and blacks who considered the traditional faction to be too traditional, too old-boy-network, too white. The civil rights faction was claiming that they were the true representatives of

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Mississippi. So Rockwell decided to do some political theater. He s e n t Lloyd over to the Capitol. [In January of 1965, the House of Representatives was prepared to take a roll call for its opening session of the new term. Three black women elected in an unofficial ballot a m o n g Mississippi African Americans were planning to demand to be seated a s the true representatives from that state. 4 1 ] “Lloyd went into the Capitol wearing ordinary street clothes, but h e was carrying a briefcase and got into one of the washrooms and changed clothes. He put on blackface, a bone arrangement that looked like it w e n t through his nose, a lion skin, and a stovepipe hat, one of those tall hats, like a top hat. Then he ran out of the washroom and dodged the cops a n d got onto the floor of Congress and yelled ‘I's the Mississippi delegation a n d I demands to be seated!’ That put the place into an uproar, with Lloyd yelling and the guards trying to catch him. He ran across rows of seats a n d dodged the guards for about five minutes before they finally got him o u t of there. It was on television and made the headlines. Lloyd got a hundred dollar fine. They decided not to lock him up because they d i d n ' t want to generate any sympathy for him. They didn't want any kind of political trial. They did tell Lloyd, though, that if he ever did anything like that again they'd shoot him. [Three of Lloyd’s other stunts: jumping up o n stage at a banquet of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and throwing “back to Africa boat tickets” at the audience; going to civil rights demonstrations dressed in an ape costume; a n d attempting to deliver to the featured speaker at a convention of homosexuals a box labeled as containing an emergency shipment of twenty-four quarts of vaseline. 4 2 ] "I always admired Lloyd because he was an intelligent guy who w a s fearless. He looked on an assignment like that one Rockwell gave him as a challenge to make it come off successfully. We need a lot more people like that. Lloyd had sort of dropped out of things. He had a family to support, and he had his father's rest-home business to help run. I brought h i m back in to help out with National Socialist World. I made him circulation manager. "So it was Koehl, Lloyd, and I trying to keep the organization going. I had made up my mind during this time that if I was going to stay with t h i s thing it was going to have to evolve into something more effective than i t was. Nothing could really be done in the long run with the losers t h e organization was attracting: motorcycle gang dropouts, ex-convicts, and s o forth. So very soon I was suggesting to Koehl that this business of "sieg heil" and swastika armbands and all that didn't cut it. We weren't m a k i n g a movie, and we might as well dispense with the Hollywood stuff a n d make a better impression on the type of people we really needed t o

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attract. I never participated in that sort of business, and that is why t h e Jews have never been able to come up with a photograph of me dressed u p in a uniform or wearing an armband. I thought it was foolish, and I w a s n ' t going to participate in it, and I told Koehl that. "Lloyd agreed with me that we were going nowhere with this circus-type approach, but Koehl thought what Lloyd and I were doing w a s heresy of the worst sort. To Koehl it was like having a Lutheran on t h e College of Cardinals. Koehl was an admirable guy in some ways. For o n e thing, he was very reliable--but he wasn't very imaginative. To figure o u t what to do he would take out Mein Kampf or see how Hitler did it in 1 9 2 8 . I said, 'Jesus, Matt, we've got a different situation now. For one thing, wearing uniforms was normal back in Germany. Everybody did i t - - e v e n the Catholic party had uniforms and flags and so forth. But doing it i n America now makes us seem weird. If you try to run an organization w i t h the kind of weirdos and unstable people who are pulled in by what we a r e doing, we are just going to have constant problems.’ "As time went along, Koehl and I had more and more s t r e n u o u s disagreements. Finally, in June of 1970 we had a violent argument, and I quit the party. Koehl had gotten it into his head that Lloyd and I w e r e plotting a coup to take over the organization and run it our way. W e weren't. I had no interest in running the organization. My only i n t e r e s t was in writing. I just thought it would make more sense if Matt o p e r a t e d along different lines. But Koehl didn't see it that way. So I quit and Lloyd quit, and Koehl kept doing it the way he wanted to. Eventually Koehl dropped all the Nazi rigmarole himself and went to plain clothes a n d started an organization called the New Order and tried to present a m o r e American image to the general public. He bought some land near New Berlin, Wisconsin--an appropriate enough place for the new p a r t y headquarters--where he was going to establish a sort of a colony, but i t never really got off the ground, and Koehl faded from sight. "I was sort of adrift for a few months. I decided I needed to change my approach. I discontinued National Socialist World. It didn't m a k e sense to keep on with it. There was just too small an audience; t h e r e wasn't even a National Socialist organization. I needed to deal with a bigger audience, and with more normal people--there were too m a n y crackpots where I had been. Then I met Lou Byers and learned about h i s enterprise, the National Youth Alliance. Byers told me he was going to fold the organization, and I told him I was interested in picking it up."

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8 ____________ THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE Pierce told me he was somewhat adrift for a few months after b r e a k i n g from Koehl and the National Socialist White People's Party in 1970. During this respite, he cemented in a conclusion that had been formulating f o r some time: that he needed to change his overall approach to things. He discontinued the journal he had been publishing, National Socialist World, after six issues, deciding that there was too small an audience for a theoretical journal of this kind. There was no National Socialist m o v e m e n t in this country, no organization to which people belonged, and a v e r y limited number of people identified themselves with the National Socialist ideology. Plus, Pierce wanted to establish contact with a wider range of people: "I was certain there were many people around who didn't think of themselves as National Socialists who were concerned about the s a m e degenerative trends in politics and demographics as I was, and I wanted t o find them." And beyond all that, he simply wanted to deal with people closer to the normal end of the stability and reliability spectrum than h e had been for the past few years. "There were too many crackpots where I had been," is the way he put it. One day, Pierce said, he was watching television and saw a n interview with the chairman of an organization called the National Youth Alliance, a man by the name of Lou Byers. Pierce hadn't been familiar with either Byers or the National Youth Alliance prior to that time. Pierce learned from the television interview that the NYA was aimed at college students and oriented toward opposing the 1960s counterculture o n campus. The NYA defined the counterculture as being characterized b y anti-Vietnam war sentiment, sympathy toward recreational drug use, alignment with black militants, and a general anti-authority, a n t i establishment posture. Basically, the NYA was a more radically conservative version of another organization, the Young Americans f o r Freedom, which had the endorsement of mainstream conservatives such a s 1964 Republican Presidential candidate, Barry Goldwater. “I want to talk to this Byers,” Pierce said to himself. Even t h o u g h Pierce wasn't at heart an organization type, and he certainly didn't like administrative work, nevertheless he had decided he needed to link u p with an organization of some kind, and this National Youth Alliance sounded as if it might be a good possibility. The Nazis weren't a good fit,

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but he really couldn't operate on his own without an organizational tie-in. He believed he could write well and get to the core of a matter, and that is the sort of thing people do on their own; but the problem was that h e couldn't express what he wanted to express operating alone. You can't be a writer in a total vacuum, and what publisher would touch the kind of thing he wanted to write? Indeed, he needed an organizational context a n d support to get what he wanted to say out to the people he wanted to reach. Plus, even though he wasn't a "people person," he did want to establish a dialogue with others, and being part of an organization--or running one, yes, having one of his own--would be a good way to proceed. Pierce arranged to meet with Byers and get the low-down on t h e National Youth Alliance. It turned out that the person who set up t h e organization was a man by the name of Willis Carto. 1 One of Carto's m a n y activities--he is still going strong in his 70s--was the formation of a publishing house, Noontide Press. A Noontide Press's book which h a s gotten a good amount of attention in radical right circles, although it is unclear just how many have actually read this six hundred eighty p a g e treatise--Pierce says he hasn't--is I m p e r i u m , written in Ireland in 1947 b y an American by the name Francis Parker Yockey. 2 Carto wrote a l e n g t h y introduction for the American publication of the book. I m p e r i u m is a n Oswald Spengler-influenced call for the fight for the survival of t h e "organic foundations of the Western soul" against the "alien forces" t h a t have diseased it. 3 Yockey's appearance, lifestyle, and persona have greatly h e i g h t e n e d the interest in his largely derivative book. A slim, handsome, Ralph Fiennes look-alike, he was this mysterious character who spent the 1 9 5 0 s traveling Europe and America engaged in unspecified right-wing political activities and making a living in some way or another (he was a lawyer b y training). One undertaking of Yockey's that is known: he helped form a short-lived organization in London called the European Liberation Front. Reportedly, the FBI kept their eye on him. Carto, who spent some t i m e with Yockey, described him in the introduction to I m p e r i u m as "pensive, sensitive, and magnetic," and as possessing a "quick, knowing intelligence." Wrote Carto of Yockey: "His eyes bespoke great secrets and knowledge a n d terrible sadness." 4 Yockey's suitcase, which he had inadvertently left in a Fort Worth, Texas airport, was discovered to contain seven b i r t h certificates, German press credentials, and American, Canadian, and British passports with the same photo but different names. 5 His 1960 death a t forty-three in a San Francisco jail where he was being held on p a s s p o r t fraud is still the subject of speculation among those on the right f r i n g e - suicide by cyanide as they say, or murdered by the CIA?

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Yockey was in the news in 1999 when he was invoked by John William King upon King’s conviction and death sentence for a savage c r i m e in Texas which received extensive front-page national coverage. A black man, James Byrd, was picked up in the early morning hours while walking home from a party, driven to a country road, beaten, and then chained b y his ankles to a pickup truck and dragged three miles to an agonizing d e a t h as his body was ripped to pieces. (Pierce’s name came into the case w h e n it was alleged that during the crime King said something to the effect, “We are starting The Turner Diaries!”) After the verdict, King released a statement: “Though I remain adamant about my innocence, it’s b e e n obvious from the beginning that this community would get what t h e y desire; so I’ll close with the words of Francis Yockey. ‘The promise of success is with the man who is determined to die proudly when it is n o longer possible to live proudly.’”6 In 1968, Alabama governor George Wallace ran as a third p a r t y candidate for president on a populist platform. Carto, Pierce told m e , formed an organization called Youth for Wallace, and under that b a n n e r sent out letters asking for financial contributions. When the Wallace campaign ended, Carto established a new organization, the National Youth Alliance, with a different maildrop in Washington and gave it over to h i s employee Lou Byers. Using the mailing list Carto had built up through t h e Youth for Wallace efforts, Byers sent out fund-raising letters in t h e hundreds of thousands, according to Pierce. During his meeting with Byers, Pierce learned that things weren’t going well for the NYA. Byers told h i m that it was going to fold up because the mailings were not bringing i n enough money to cover their costs and consequently the organization w a s going into the hole financially. Pierce said Byers told him that the NYA was a half-million dollars i n debt and was within a couple of months of running out of credit. Pierce said he told Byers that he thought that the National Youth Alliance was a good concept. There needed to be something that stood up in opposition t o the youth culture that was then being pushed so hard on campus and i n the mainstream media. The idea was around that it was cool to s h o w disrespect for authority, ridicule tradition and the government, live without personal discipline, and to do drugs. And large numbers of college students were being induced into taking the side of the enemy in the w a r that was then being waged in Vietnam. But, Pierce asserted, you have t o have a real organization and not just a fund-raising vehicle of the k i n d you’ve got now. You have to give something back to people who contribute their money. Pierce was thinking of demonstrations, activities on campus, that sort of thing, and particularly he had in mind a tabloid geared t o young radicals.

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Pierce told Byers that he was interested in picking up the NYA a n d operating it as his own organization, and with Byers’ advice and s u p p o r t that is what he did. No formal transfer of ownership took place b e t w e e n Byers and Pierce. Byers had incorporated the NYA in the District of Columbia, but by the time he and Pierce met he was working elsewhere, and, in Pierce's words, the NYA in D.C. was "stone dead." Pierce formed a corporation under that name in Virginia. He rented office space i n Arlington and "went into business" as he puts it. He had Byers’ name o n his NYA letterhead as chairman of an advisory council. Byers had told h i m that an advisory council with familiar names would be helpful in bringing credibility to the organization. The other members of the advisory council were two retired military men, Navy admiral John Crommelin and Marine Corps Lieutenant General Pedro del Valle, and a classics professor from t h e University of Illinois by the name of Revilo P. Oliver. Pierce put t o g e t h e r the first issue of a new tabloid he wrote and edited called Attack!. He borrowed two thousand dollars from Byers to print it up and sent it t o fifteen thousand people on a mailing list Byers provided him. Pierce describes the mailing as an "instant success," as it brought in a six thousand dollar return. This set Pierce on his way in his new venture. I n 1974, he discontinued the National Youth Alliance and started the National Alliance, which involved forming a new corporation in Virginia. Dropping the youth designation in the title reflected a movement toward a broader, more inclusive orientation, Pierce says. Ever since, the National Alliance and William Pierce have for all practical purposes been synonymous. Pierce gave it his all to make the National Youth Alliance, his first independent organizational activity, a success. He worked from dawn t o late at night and slept on a couch in his office Monday through Friday. He saw his wife and two boys only on the weekends. He had decided that i n order to make it work, the NYA would have to be his top--and, for all practical purposes, only--priority, and that everything else, including h i s family and relationships and his own personal well-being, would have b e subordinated to it. This outlook and approach was consistent with t h e message he had internalized from the George Bernard Shaw play, Man a n d Superman, that had had such a big impact on him. This was his first r e a l chance to live out Shaw's concept. The National Youth Alliance would b e his vehicle for serving the Life Force. As Pierce saw it, what he achieved through the organization he would build was the only thing that really mattered in the larger scheme of things. Everything else paled i n significance compared to this part of his life. Beyond the philosophical justification for giving himself totally t o this endeavor, Pierce decided that it was realistic to do so given the facts of the situation he was in. His read of the circumstance was that if t h i s venture, the NYA, was going to succeed--and he was by-and-large alone

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with it, building it up by himself, this organization that had failed i n others' hands--it was going to take everything he had in him, all of h i s time and attention. He couldn't afford to expend any of his energies elsewhere. This work-comes-first-and-requires-every-ounce-of-me outlook, stemming from a servant-of-the-Life-Force conception of the meaning of his life and reinforced by the perception that the facts of the i m m e d i a t e situation require it, took firm hold with Pierce in these early years of t h e National Youth Alliance. It is an outlook which has stayed with him to t h i s day. Now, at an age when others are retired and tending to their gardens, Pierce works day and night. Several times I broached the possibility of h i s cutting back some on the hours he spends on the job, and he d i d n ' t entertain that idea at all. "No, I can't afford to do that," he would quickly insist. "There's too much that needs to be done to cut back." It was clear to me that he really believes that. And I must say, he seems to bear u p well physically and mentally to the incredibly long hours he puts in, a n d he appears to be happy in what he is doing. I never once heard h i m complain about the time he devotes to his work. Pierce told me his wife Patricia was virtually the sole b r e a d w i n n e r for the family throughout the 1970s. He said he spent those y e a r s "dodging bill collectors and hanging on by my fingertips." He finally got t o the point, he told me, where he could afford to pay himself fifty dollars a month. He moved his location several times during the decade, eventually occupying a small building that had formally been a w a t c h m a k e r ' s establishment. As time went along, he was able to hire a secretary a n d buy the equipment which would enable him to do all of his printing i n house and save him the time and cost of hiring it out. Producing and distributing the tabloid Attack! and its successor, another tabloid, this one called National Vanguard, which Pierce b e g a n publishing in 1978, was the central activity of the NYA/NA in those years. About the switch from Attack! to National Vanguard, Pierce said t h a t Attack! seemed to him to be suited for a publication directed primarily a t young people and that National Vanguard seemed more appropriate for a wider audience. He said that he tried to upgrade the quality of t h e Alliance's publications and give the organization a more serious image a s time went along. In particular, he tried to lower the level of bombast a n d sensationalism as the organization, and he, matured. Reflective of t h i s change in approach, National Vanguard changed over from a tabloid to a slick-paper magazine in 1982. The frequency of the publication of Attack!/National Vanguard has been around eight issues per year. At t h e present time, National Vanguard issues are not forthcoming. Pierce describes the magazine as being in "suspended animation" until he can f i n d a new editor. He says he simply doesn't have the time to devote to it.

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Preparing and distributing the tabloid wasn't the NYA/NA's only activity during the early years. For one thing, they did s o m e demonstrating. Pierce said they held some small demonstrations of t h e i r own and at other times would tag onto others' demonstrations as a way of promoting their ideas. Pierce cited an example of one of their o w n demonstrations. In 1975, Edward Levi, whom Pierce describes as a J e w with a far-left background which included involvement with the National Lawyers Guild, had been named Attorney General by President Gerald Ford. Pierce said the Alliance had about twenty pickets marching a r o u n d the Justice Department with signs pointing out Levi's ethnicity and p a s t affiliations, but that the media completely ignored them. More successful efforts, he said, were when twenty-five or so of his people would carry a huge banner during Vietnam war demonstrations in Washington. The banner said something to the effect that the United States, as Pierce put i t to me, "ought to either 'nuke' Hanoi or get the hell out of Vietnam." Pierce told me he sees war as deadly serious business. Young lives are being lost every day. If something so big is at stake and the circumstances are s u c h that you must get into a war, then you ought to go all out to achieve a decisive victory as rapidly as you can. Otherwise don't get into it in t h e first place. No tiptoeing around. If you are going to fight, fight, with e v e r y resource at your disposal--that is Pierce’s position. Another National Alliance activity was the Sunday night meetings which began in 1975 when Pierce had offices large enough t o accommodate the number of people who were attracted to them, in t h e twenty-to-thirty range. Pierce would show films and give talks to set o u t the framework of beliefs behind the Alliance and its--that is to say, h i s - vision of a good life and a good society. The Alliance also produced a series of comic books aimed at young people. The art work is amateurish and t h e dialogue wordy and stiff. But then again, a great deal of time and effort must have gone into the preparation of these comic books, and they reflect the lengths Pierce is willing to go to get his message across. In 1987, h e formed a separate corporation, National Vanguard Books, to handle all of his publishing and sales operations. Then there is the weekly radio program that dispenses his message which began in 1991, American Dissident Voices. The program is carried on short-wave and on several AM stations around the c o u n t r y - - t h e stations change, and the number varies as stations add and drop t h e controversial program. In 2000, there were seven AM stations that r e a c h areas of Arizona, Texas, Alabama, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, and Florida. ADV broadcasts reach an estimated one h u n d r e d thousand people worldwide. At present, Pierce handles the radio show completely on his own. He writes the script in his office on his computer. A show runs ten d o u b l e -

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spaced pages, which is about three thousand words. He then records it i n the studio on the second floor of the headquarters building and mails t h e tapes of the program to the radio stations that carry it. Evelyn Hill posts i t on the National Alliance Web site (www.natvan.com), sends it to people o n an e-mail list, and uses the scripts as the basis of a monthly subscription (forty dollars per year) desk-top publication called Free Speech. Evelyn finds pictures to accompany each of the four articles included in each Free Speech issue. “When I am writing for a radio program,” Pierce told me, “I am not a s demanding as when I am writing for a magazine like National Vanguard. When I am writing for print I’m thinking people are going to be looking a t this and that every word has to be right. I can’t have sloppy phrasing. But when I’m writing for the radio program, it is much more conversational. I repeat things for emphasis and I’m not so careful how I develop an idea. You have to be a little simpler in oral things because people can’t go b a c k and study the text and let the idea get into their heads. You’ve got t o pound in what you say, so it has to be short and pungent.” One day I was with Pierce when he recorded an American Dissident Voices program. He sat at his desk in his office and read the completed script out loud off his computer screen to proof it and to hear how it w o u l d sound when broadcast. He said that typically it takes him about two d a y s to prepare a script. When he was satisfied with what he had put together, he printed a copy and took it upstairs to the recording studio, the only carpeted room in the headquarters building. He turned the dials on a large console which sits on a wooden table, clipped a microphone to his T-shirt, and sat down at what he calls his “soundproof” plastic chair, which I took to mean the one that doesn’t creak. He said “bup, bup, bup” to test t h e sound level, and he was set to go. Pierce sat on the plastic chair in his T-shirt, jeans, and work boots with a gun strapped to his waist and recorded the script he had written. He held the script in his left hand a few inches from his face. With t h e first beat of the show, his persona changed. He went from being m a t u r e , sober, and rather kindly to, at least to my ears, loud, strident, a n d marginal-sounding. I have always thought Pierce’s radio shows r e a d better than they sound. Not long into the taping, Pierce stumbled over a word and r e a c h e d forward and pushed a button and stopped the process. “Oh, I don’t k n o w why I do this!” he exclaimed. “How does Brokaw do this?” Then he s t a r t e d again at that point. Another mistake. “Oh hell!” Stop and begin again. Mistake. “Oh God!” This went on until he finally got it recorded. The program Pierce recorded that day had to do with a crisis t h e n going on (this was late 1997) over Iraq’s refusal to permit a United Nations

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inspection team to check for biological and chemical weapons within i t s borders. 7 In 1991 we bombed Baghdad and slaughtered more t h a n 100,000 Iraqis because they had invaded Kuwait--which i n fact used to belong to them before it was taken away d u r i n g the colonial period. And then we imposed a crippling economic embargo on the defeated Iraqis--an embargo which has caused the deaths of an estimated half-million Iraqi infants a n d children during the past six years and which is m a i n t a i n e d because of Israeli insistence. So the Iraqis have plenty of reason to hate us now, but no reason to try to hurt us if w e would leave them alone. Iraqi interests lie in the Middle East and only in the Middle East. The reason we are headed toward another war with I r a q is solely because of the influence of the Jews on t h e government of the United States. It certainly isn’t because w e are concerned about Iraq’s development of weapons of m a s s destruction. If we were serious about that sort of thing w e would have stopped Israel from developing its chemical, biological, and nuclear arsenal. The reason it's all right w i t h our government for the Jews to have weapons of m a s s destruction but not all right for the Iraqis to have them is t h a t the Jews control the news and entertainment media in t h e United States--and thus wield effective control over t h e political process--and the Iraqis don't. And that's the o n l y reason. After Pierce records a program he adds a pre-recorded, s t a n d a r d introduction which tells about the National Alliance and an “outro,” a n ending that tells listeners how to contact the organization. Then he mails tapes to the stations who carry the program. Pierce recorded the p r o g r a m on Iraq, the one I observed, in the mid-afternoon. That evening at 7:30 h e was listening to a playback of the tape in his office. From the expression on his face he seemed pleased with how the program had turned out a n d was immersed in what he was doing. The intercom that he has set up w i t h Irena at the trailer rang. He didn’t answer it. Primarily through Evelyn Hill’s efforts, a National Alliance web site w a s established in the mid-1990s. Pierce reports that it now gets b e t w e e n twelve and twenty thousand "hits" a day--which means that many times a day other computers make contact with his site. The Alliance Web site includes information about the organization and its publications, copies of

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Pierce’s radio broadcasts, and ways to get in touch with the twenty or s o local National Alliance units and make overseas connections (among t h e m , the National Democratic Party in Germany and the British National Party). The site also has a Letters from Browsers section, which includes l e t t e r s and e-mail messages praising Pierce and his message as well as s o m e scathingly critical of them both. The criticisms he included in the Letters from Browsers section when I checked it were all crude and v u l g a r condemnations (“Hey, you white trailer trash...”). I mentioned to Pierce that I had read similar letters except they were from the opposite perspective in a book I had just finished by Alan Dershowitz called Chutzpah (“You are a commie assed pinko...Shyster.”)8 "Look," Pierce responded, "that is a time-honored way to discredit people who oppose you. What you do is associate them all with the lowest among them. Dershowitz in publishing those letters makes it seem t h a t anybody who opposes the Jews in any way is an ignorant bigot, and t h a t stops the discussion in its tracks. This kind of thing was done particularly effectively during the civil rights revolution in the 1950s and ‘60s. T h e r e were many thoughtful, upstanding people who opposed what was being done to America back then. For example, there was Carleton Putnam, t h e head of a major airline. 9 But the media ignored him and instead focused on the slobs and the white trash and their reaction to what was going on. People would watch some low-life guy with his face contorted with h a t r e d yelling ungrammatical curses at blacks and thought 'I don't want to b e associated with that guy.' The guy doing the yelling saw his life threatened and did the only thing he knew how to do, but people watching the tube couldn't get beyond his style to what he was reacting against. W e use the same technique when we publish letters on our Web site. T h e r e are a lot of very intelligent and literate people who oppose us, but t h e letters we publish are the ones that reveal hatred, warped minds and s o on.” At present, the National Alliance is a dues-paying m e m b e r s h i p organization, with members paying ten dollars a month. Some m e m b e r s voluntarily contribute more than that. There are in the neighborhood of twenty local units with leaders whom Pierce selects. Many of t h e Alliance’s members are not part of local units, however. The Alliance's local units operate quite autonomously. Pierce really doesn't have t h e resources to oversee them. The vitality of a particular local unit is to a great extent a function of the capabilities of the unit leader. The units i n Cleveland and Orlando have the reputation of being especially active units, with regular, well-attended meetings and organized functions, s p e a k e r s and celebrations, and so on. Pierce doesn't reveal the number of m e m b e r s

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in the National Alliance. My guess is that membership in the Alliance is i n the two thousand range with its rate of growth picking up in recent years. The two key people working alongside Pierce in the National Alliance central office are Bob DeMarais and Evelyn Hill. Both are invaluable t o Pierce, and both work long hours. And they can’t be doing it for t h e money. I believe they draw salaries in the range of one thousand dollars a month with no benefits. They may be getting some help from Pierce w i t h housing. Bob had just built a house on the property when I arrived, and I don’t know whether he has to pay any real estate taxes. Evelyn lives i n the original farmhouse on the property, and it could be that she doesn’t pay anything for that. I really don’t know; I didn’t talk with any of t h e principals about it. Whatever the case, Bob and Evelyn aren’t getting rich working in far-right politics. Bob is a former marketing professor at Arkansas Tech University. He handles the business and marketing end of Pierce’s operation. He has a doctorate from the University of Oklahoma. Bob had been with Pierce i n West Virginia for a couple of years when I arrived. I stayed with Bob when I was on the property. His house is prefabricated. He told me t h a t once a foundation was laid, a big crane set the house onto the foundation i n sections. Bob’s house is a very modest one, one floor of four small rooms. It has a walk-in basement, and Bob plans on putting a couple of r o o m s down there, which will make the house in effect two stories. A deck w a s partly completed when I was there. The features in Bob’s h o u s e - woodwork, plumbing fixtures, and the rest--didn’t strike me as exactly t o p of the line. Even though everything was new, during my stay the toilet r a n constantly and water leaked onto the floor. Bob was just settling into his new house when I was there, and t h e room which would have served as a living room was completely full of boxes and the door was shut. So that left just the kitchen and Bob’s bedroom and my bedroom. Two Siamese cats shared the house with us. They pretty much had the run of the place and spent a good bit of t h e i r time on the kitchen table and countertops. One of them would vomit i n front of Bob’s bedroom door to show his displeasure, Bob assumes, at Bob for having closed it and blocking his entry. Bob had to put a piece of e x t r a carpeting in front of his door to protect the regular carpeting in that a r e a from vomit stains. Bob told me that Pierce had designated where he should put h i s house, which turned out to be about a hundred yards to the left front of the headquarters building. Bob’s house is on the edge of Pierce’s p r o p e r t y , and Bob had to buy some land from the owner of the adjacent property t o get a place to put in a water pump.

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Bob had a late model white Chevy Blazer like Pierce’s that I w o u l d see parked in front of the house. I associate the house with Bob’s Blazer. On the front of the SUV where a license plate would go (evidently y o u don’t have to have a front license plate in West Virginia) was a National Alliance plate. On it was a Life Rune around which were the w o r d s "National Alliance." At the bottom of the plate was "Toward a New Consciousness, a New Order, a New People." Bob is tall, 6’2” or so, with short, neatly-trimmed graying hair which is receding in the front a bit and thinning. I think he said he was fifty-one. He has a mustache and wears large wire-rim glasses. He has soft f e a t u r e s and vaguely reminds me of Johnny Carson when Carson was his age. W h e n I was there, Bob was almost always “dressed down” in a T-shirt, jeans, a n d worn athletic shoes. He had on a gray suit at a conference held on t h e property while I was there, and he looked very distinguished in it. Bob has the build and movements of an ex-athlete. I can imagine him playing forward on his high school basketball team back in South Dakota where h e grew up, although I don’t know whether or not he actually did. In manner Bob is soft-spoken, polite, modest, respectful, selfeffacing, and sincere. I was very touched by the consideration a n d kindness he showed to me while I stayed with him. I didn’t have to a s k for things. Bob would be vigilant to what I needed and would go out of h i s way to provide it. Bob said he grew up in a “My Three Sons” world of “two h a r d w o r k i n g parents and nice kids.” People stayed married where he was from w h e n he was a kid, he said, and there weren’t drugs or gangs, and there w a s very little illegitimacy. Adults around where he lived, Bob said, w e r e oriented toward their children and the community, not narcissistically toward themselves. He said that a large group of boys in his neighborhood would get together on their own and play baseball. His sister was in a Brownie and Girl Scout troop. Bob truly believes that the way he grew u p is natural to white people, and that they have been pushed away f r o m their natural inclinations by alien (read Jewish) influences in the m e d i a and schools and elsewhere. Bob said he had heard one of Pierce’s radio programs “by accident,” and that what he heard had struck home with him. He listened to a couple more programs, he told me, and then ordered some books through t h e National Vanguard Book catalog and read for two weeks straight. A f t e r that, he was “in.” He told me that he feels that his life matters now that h e has come to work with Pierce in West Virginia. Before, in his u n i v e r s i t y teaching, he was training people to live in, as he put it, “a s c r e w e d - u p world.” He thinks that when it came down to it, the research that he h a d been doing had been pointless; and as for the conferences he would go t o “where everybody praised each other’s work”--an empty exercise.

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Bob spends hours upon hours each day in front of a computer s c r e e n as part of his job, but otherwise he largely rejects technology and m o d e r n culture. He hasn’t seen television since 1992, as he considers i t representative of values and ways--multicultural, liberal, Jewish, cosmopolitan--that are contrary to his beliefs. He asked me about t h e show Seinfeld, which he had heard about but never seen. “Seinfeld is a Jew and plays a Jew, right?” he asked me. Before I could answer, h e added, “And everybody on the show is a Jew, right?” And then quickly, “Do they argue a lot?” Evidently he assumes that Jews argue a lot. Bob went on to say that he thought The Three Stooges acted like Jews. It’s Bob’s belief that we live in a pseudosophisticated time. He prefers the world of the Zane Grey western novels he reads. He said t h a t the old western novels and films had straight-ahead good guys/bad g u y s plots, and that they reflected a kind of elegant simplicity that he wants i n his own life. He has a collection of old western films, he told me, although I don’t know when he gets to see them without a VCR. Bob reads a great deal, and I asked him what books he w o u l d recommend to me. He thought a second and then said, “Have you r e a d Growth of the Soil by Knut Hamsun?” I later checked on the book a n d Hamsun. Hamsun was a Norwegian writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. He wrote Growth of the Soil in 1921.10 It is one of t h e books that Pierce sells through National Vanguard Books. Bob wrote t h e blurb for the book in the catalog. Isak, the central figure of the novel, at first appears to be a simple man. He searches the moors for good farmland and a good woman. Her name is Inger, and together they build a n d protect their farm and their family. There are a t h o u s a n d problems to solve, but Isak’s and Inger’s strength, will, a n d intelligence solve most to them....Land and family: it’s what w e live for. It’s part of the Aryan soul, our link to past a n d future. 1 1 Hamsun was prosecuted after World War II for encouraging h i s countrymen to cooperate with the Germans during the German occupation of Norway. A fine film, Hamsun, with Max von Sydow in the title role, w a s released a few years ago and centered on this part of Hamsun’s life. Bob selects many of the books that are sold through the National Vanguard Books catalog. He told me a book for both children and adults h e likes very much is Tarka the Otter by the English writer H e n r y 12 Williamson. Tarka the Otter was written in 1917, and, as with Growth o f the Soil, its author had problems on account of his sympathy for the Nazis.

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Williamson was arrested in 1940 for his opposition to the war w i t h Germany. Bob is a lifelong bachelor, and I think he has some regrets about that. He showed me a letter he had written to a woman in Florida responding t o one she had written to the Alliance asking what the organization was a b o u t and how it might make a difference to her life. Pierce had given Bob t h e letter and asked him to reply to her. Bob wrote a draft of a letter to h e r and showed it to me. In it, he talked about his own life. “Over the last 3 0 years,” he wrote, “several of the women I met would have made wonderful wives and mothers. But I could feel the jaws of responsibility tightening around me. I knew I would be ‘happier’ single. But I realize now that t h e only purpose of life is life. It isn’t to go to heaven as Christians believe, but to continue the chain of life. Babies are more precious than going t o heaven. I want children to bring me pictures they have colored, and f o r their children to bring them pictures they have colored. I want this cycle to go on and on.” I think Bob would very much like a wife and family to share his n e w home and new life in West Virginia. However, I don't know how good h i s chances are of meeting someone in the sparcely populated area in which he lives now. When Pierce gave Bob the woman’s letter and asked him t o write her, I wondered whether to any extent Pierce was playing matchmaker. Pierce had done that one time I know about for someone else who worked with him, a man named Kevin Strom. In that instance, Strom eventually married the letter writer. Bob has great admiration for Pierce. For one thing, he sees Pierce a s a man’s man. Bob told me it was too bad that I hadn’t been at t h e property a few weeks earlier when they were building a structure at t h e top of the hill. He said that Pierce had shown great courage on t h a t occasion, climbing around twelve feet above the ground. He also has high respect for Pierce’s intellect and toughness and will. The only concern h e has about Pierce that I picked up is that he worries that Pierce’s h e a t e d rhetoric, all the references to violence and revolution, might be scaring off some people who might otherwise agree with the Alliance’s perspective. I’ve lost touch with Bob since I left West Virginia. I have an image in my mind of this quiet man sitting alone at his kitchen table early in t h e morning, an open book and his yellow marking pen next to him, eating h i s Sugar Frosted Flakes. And then very late at night, after a long day at t h e headquarters building, again alone, the same book, the same marking pen, eating his TV dinner. I hope Bob is OK. Evelyn Hill’s office is just across the hall from Pierce’s, and from what I could see she provides yeoman service to him. Evelyn manages t h e Internet site for the National Alliance, handles all of its (which m e a n s

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Pierce’s) correspondence, seeks out material from the Web that she t h i n k s might be useful to Pierce in putting together his radio program, and e d i t s the monthly Alliance publication Free Speech. It appeared to me t h a t Evelyn doesn’t quite match Pierce and Bob’s twelve- and t h i r t e e n - h o u r work days, but I saw her in the headquarters building many a late evening when I was around. I had almost no personal contact with Evelyn. Whenever I have h a d any business with Pierce when I was not in West Virginia and have gone through Evelyn to get to him, she has proven to be very responsive a n d efficient. But when I was around the property, she never as much a s looked at me. As I think about it now, I never saw her speak to a n y o n e there about anything other than task-related matters. Evelyn seemed t o be there to get things done, period. And she did get things done. I had exactly one face-to-face exchange with Evelyn. One afternoon a couple of days before I was scheduled to leave the property, I stood i n the doorway of her office and asked if I could snap a picture of her. I h e l d up my small camera and said, “Could I take your picture, Evelyn?” She looked up from her desk and for the first time that I know of s h e laid eyes on me. She replied politely but very firmly, “No, I don’t photograph well.” And that was that. Evelyn lives alone in the original farm home on the property. I don’t know much about her background. I believe she has a doctorate i n pharmacology and that she worked as a pharmacist in Washington s t a t e before she came to West Virginia in 1996. I think she made contact w i t h Pierce through one of the bi-annual leadership conferences he hosts on t h e West Virginia property. One experience involving Evelyn I’ll always remember brought h o m e to me that even radical politics is a job like any other. Evelyn h a s rheumatoid arthritis. One day I was in Pierce’s office and Evelyn b r o u g h t up her lack of health insurance and her concerns about what will h a p p e n to her if her arthritis gets worse. In her loud, somewhat coarse voice s h e said to Pierce, “I suppose if I get really bad you’ll just throw my stuff o n the lawn out front and get rid of me.” Pierce replied matter-of-factly, “I’ll do whatever is best for t h e Alliance.” Pierce told me he considers the National Alliance to be the only serious, mature, radical right-wing organization in America, and views it as being equivalent to the National Democratic Party (NPD) in Germany and t h e British National Party (BNP). Pierce told me that he maintains contacts with the NPD, whose Chairman is Udo Voigt, and the British National P a r t y led by John Tyndall. He says he has no contact with the National Front i n

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France, whose most prominent figure is Jean-Marie Le Pen. He says h e considers Le Pen to be more of a populist than a racial nationalist. During one of my visits to the property in the spring of 1998, Pierce showed me a snapshot of a rally of the NPD in the town of Passau, Germany he had attended earlier that year. It was on February 7th, t h e NPD's "Day of National Resistance." There were sixty-six hundred people present, Pierce told me. The people in the photo looked young, in t h e i r twenties, working-class, and about two-thirds of them were male. Pierce told me that one of the issues facing people of his political stripe i n Germany, as well as here in this country, is to find ways to get through t o the educated middle classes, who he believes are armored against a n y social or political ideas they are told are unacceptable. German meeting halls have rows of tables and benches rather t h a n seats. Pierce was scheduled to speak at the Passau rally. The tables w e r e full, and people were standing along the walls. It was the biggest m e e t i n g of the NPD since 1970, and the largest nationalist meeting of any kind i n Germany in the last decade. Writing about the day in an Alliance membership bulletin, Pierce reported that as he approached the hall, “There was an extremely heavy police presence, with literally hundreds of green vans bearing the word 'Polizei' in large letters patrolling the s t r e e t s of the town and the vicinity of the hall.” 13 They expected and got a n t i fascist demonstrations. Pierce took his place at the speakers table. Shortly before he w a s scheduled to speak, a plainclothes police officer informed Pierce that if h e rose to speak he would be arrested and the meeting would be shut down. So Pierce didn’t deliver the speech he had prepared. He told me that h e was the only speaker who was banned from addressing those who h a d assembled that day. Pierce says the nationalist sentiment is growing in Germany, and t h a t it is really upsetting “the couch potatoes, the establishment, and the Jews.” He said besides the NPD there is the DVU, the German People’s Union, which has recently won some local elections. He said that the growing nationalist feeling is partly due to the economic difficulties some people are experiencing, but that more than anything it is coming from the s e n s e that people have that Germany is losing its soul. “Did you ever see the film Cabaret?” he asked me. “It is a perfect example of what is happening now. This was back in the Weimar period and there was all this d e c a d e n c e - - t h e idea that enjoyment is the only thing that counts, and there was this slick oversophisticated, smart-assed cafe society that was taking over Germany then, just as it is taking over Germany now. There is a basic gut reaction people are having over there that this isn’t the way we are supposed t o behave. This isn’t what really counts. Where are our basic values? W h e r e are our traditions? That is what this nationalist impulse is about.”

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The Home Secretary in Britain has informed Pierce that he will n o t be admitted into that country. However, the rumor when I was in W e s t Virginia was that Pierce somehow sneaked into Britain after he left Germany and conferred with Tyndall and other BNP leaders. When I was with him, Pierce was contacted a couple of times b y European journalists seeking out his views. On one occasion, he gave a phone interview to a French reporter who wanted his thoughts on Le P e n and the National Front. Another time, he received a call from a r e p o r t e r from the large-circulation German magazine Der Spiegel who wanted t o come to West Virginia to interview Pierce for the magazine and German television. She said she wanted to get his take on what was going on i n Germany and to learn about the status of white nationalist sentiment i n the United States. The reporter filmed the interview with an American film crew after I left. While I was still around, Pierce was looking f o r w a r d to her visit but expressed concern about how objectively his ideas w o u l d be relayed by the German media. He told me later that unfortunately h i s concern was warranted.

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9 ____________ REVILO P. OLIVER One of the members of the board of advisors of the National Youth Alliance who was carried over from the Byers years turned out to have a m a j o r impact on Pierce's life. It was a classics professor from the University of Illinois with a most interesting name: Revilo P. Oliver. It is not often o n e encounters someone with a palindromic name--spelled the same f o r w a r d and backward. Although I must say it seems that I am the only one who is struck by the peculiarity of Oliver’s name. Everybody I have spoken to o n the far right, when I would say something like, "Isn't his name interesting, the same forward and backward?" has replied with a matter-of-fact, "Oh yes, I guess that's right" and moved right on to something else. My guess as to why the unusual name isn't more salient to those in the movement is that Oliver's stature in their eyes vastly overshadows something as trivial as a funny name. From what I was able to discern, Oliver is the closest thing to a revered figure on the racialist right this side of, well, Adolf Hitler. Reportedly one of his colleagues at the university called Oliver a "filthy fascist swine," but everyone on this end of the political spectrum I have spoken to about him obviously thinks the world of him. They s p e a k of him with both respect and fondness. The second thing (after the name) that struck me about Oliver is h i s imposing physical presence. From photos, he appears to have been a b o u t 6’5” and to have weighed in the neighborhood of two hundred f o r t y pounds. He dominated all of the group photos that I have seen, particularly in his younger and more vital years. In 1969 Oliver made a promotional film for Lou Byers' National Youth Alliance in which he spoke straight into the camera. His a p p e a r a n c e on the film gives a sense of the man, or at least the image he chose t o project. 1 He sat at a desk in a book-lined study that looked like something out of the nineteenth century with its quaint lamps and the old pictures o n the wall. At the time he made the film for the National Youth Alliance, Oliver was sixty-one years old. (He died in 1994 at eighty-six.). He h a d the appearance and bearing of an old-time professor. He wore a dark b l u e suit with a conservative tie and had a white handkerchief neatly folded i n his left breast suit coat pocket. His thinning dark hair was watered d o w n and combed severely back, and he had a dark mustache. He wore n o glasses. His voice was clear and strong and his manner assured a n d

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serious, although he gave a hint of a sarcastic smile from time to t i m e when referring to the antics of his political enemies. There was a formidable quality about Oliver that came through. He looked to b e someone you wouldn’t want to have on the wrong side of you. For t h o s e readers who know of the satirist writer from the 1930s and '40s, Robert Benchley, Oliver reminds me of a darker, slightly malevolent version of Benchley. People who knew Oliver personally have told me that what I hadn't picked up from his film persona is his gentility, warmth, a n d kindness. If a history of white nationalism is ever written, Oliver will certainly be prominent in it, but what is significant in this context is the i m p o r t a n t role he played in Pierce's life. A lunch meeting with Oliver in Washington changed the course of Pierce's life. (More on that in a bit.) How m u c h happenstance has influenced Pierce's life. How would his life have b e e n different if he hadn't been watching television the day he saw Rockwell t r y to give that speech in San Diego? Or if Rockwell hadn't answered his letter, or if someone else to whom he had written had? Or if he hadn't seen Byers on television? And now with Oliver: what if Oliver hadn't been on t h e board of directors of the organization Pierce took over from Byers? Revilo Oliver was one of the founding members of the John Birch Society and wrote a number of pieces for William Buckley's magazine National Review in its early years. Oliver and the Birch Society parted c o m p a n y when Oliver's publicly stated racial views made its leadership uncomfortable. Oliver was said to have made an observation in a speech he gave to the conservative Daughters of the American Revolution to t h e effect that the pre-Castro Cuban government under General Batista w a s probably as good as one could reasonably expect in an island largely populated by mongrels. 2 Oliver’s overt anti-Semitism made him similarly persona non grata at the National Review. At one public meeting, Oliver reportedly referred to the thought of the “vaporizing” of the Jews as a “beatific vision.” 3 Oliver's writings have been collected and published in a book called The book w a s America's Decline: The Education of a Conservative. 4 published in London. It is doubtful that what Oliver has to say in the book would be acceptable to the publishing and distribution industries in t h i s country. In the introduction to the collection, Sam Dickson, an American lawyer and revisionist historian (on the far right, the term “revisionist” refers to someone who is bucking what they see as the official Jewishliberal party line on World War II in general and the Holocaust i n particular) refers to Oliver as a "leader of the racial nationalist movement." 5 Dickson makes the point in his introduction that Oliver

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focuses on racial self-love among whites rather than animosity t o w a r d blacks or Jews. Dickson says that Oliver believes that whites would do well to emulate the loyalties that Jews demonstrate toward their own people and traditions. 6 In order to understand racialists such as Oliver and Pierce, one m u s t keep in mind that they look upon the human being as an animal like a n y other animal in nature. To them, the human being is a species of animal, with the races being sub-species or breeds. That is to say, they don't s e e simply one human race. They see one human being, or human animal, a n d a number of human races. Oliver writes: "Liberals are forever chatting about 'all mankind,' a term that does not have a specific meaning, as d o parallel terms in biology, such as 'all marsupials' or 'all species of the g e n u s Canis,' but the fanatics give to the term a mystic and special meaning...[that imposes a] transcendental unity on the manifest diversity of the various human species." 7 Liberals, Oliver argues, engage in "frantic and often hysterical efforts to suppress scientific knowledge about genetics and t h e obviously innate differences between the different human sub-species a n d between the individuals of a given sub-species.” 8 "I reached the conclusion," Oliver reported in one of his writings included in America’s Decline, "that our race [those of northern European background], including specifically the Americans, was a viable species, and that therefore, like all viable species of animal life, it had an i n n a t e instinct to survive and perpetuate itself." 9 He believed that those of h i s race do not realize their precarious status on this planet: "Aryans [IndoEuropean, Nordic, non-Jewish] are a small and endangered minority on t h i s planet, but how many members of our race seem to have even an inkling of that fact?"1 0 Are Aryans superior to other races of men? It depends on w h a t values you bring to answering the question, said Oliver. "We m u s t understand," he argued, "that all races naturally regard themselves a s superior to all others....We are a race as are all the others. If we a t t r i b u t e to ourselves a superiority--intellectual, moral, or other--in terms of o u r standards, we are simply indulging in a tautology. The only objective criterion of superiority among human races, as among all other species, is biological: the strong survive, the weak perish. The superior race of mankind today is the one that will emerge victorious whether by i t s technology or its fecundity--from the proximate struggle for life on a n overcrowded planet." 11 Oliver contended that the quality of human beings cannot be judged by the intelligence, academic record, or proficiency in a profession alone. He pointed to "mattoids," as he called them, to make h i s case. These are individuals who are geniuses in some areas and imbeciles

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in others. Examples of mattoids Oliver listed were Shelley, Einstein, Lenin, Trotsky, and Mao. 1 2 Oliver attempted to make the connection between race and t h e quality of collective life. According to him, if you want to understand t h e nature of a society you have to look beyond political and economic arrangements and geographic factors. You need to take into account t h e society’s racial make-up and such sensitive matters as who has children with whom and the races of those who enter and leave the society. “The decline in a civilization,” he contended, “is always accompanied by a change in the [racial] composition and deterioration in the quality of t h e population." 1 3 Oliver tied race to his conservative politics as he made the case t h a t American Aryan whites are being threatened by the liberal-dominated government. 14 "The power of government over us," he asserted, "is being used...to accelerate our deterioration and hasten our disappearance as a people by every means short of mass massacre....To mention one small example, many states now pick the pockets of their taxpayers to subsidize and promote the breeding of bastards, who, with negligible exceptions, a r e the products of the lowest dregs of our population, the morally But despite the attack on us, h e irresponsible and mentally feeble." argued, "Our 'Big Brains' [leftist intellectuals]...assure us that it is unthinkable to be so wicked as to fight to survive."1 5 Oliver harangued liberals: "Liberals rant about 'human rights,’ but a moment's thought suffices to show that...the only rights are those which the citizens of a stable society, by agreement or by a long usage that h a s acquired the force of law, bestow on themselves." 16 He contended t h a t American society "has been so artfully manipulated that our citizens n o longer have constitutional rights that are not subject to revocation in t h e name of Social Welfare. In effect, there are no citizens here, only m a s s e s existing in a state of indiscriminate equality, a state of de facto slavery." 1 7 Oliver also came down hard on (the unspoken adjective is ‘Jewish’) psychology, which he claimed justifies "the grotesque belief r a p i d l y becoming universal in this country, that man is an imbecile creature w h o m government and the therapy industry must protect from society and e v e n from himself." He quoted a writer as noting "The psychoanalyst...strives t o relieve the patient of all responsibility for his difficulties, and to shift it t o society." 1 8 Oliver said that the welfare state currently being foisted on o u r country "takes away each year some part of our power to make decisions for ourselves over our own lives. It is perfectly obvious that if this process continues for a few more decades (as our masters' power to take o u r money to bribe and bamboozle the masses may make inevitable), w e

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shall...become mere human livestock managed by a ruthless and i n h u m a n bureacracy at the orders of an even more inhuman master." 1 9 The script for the promotional video film Oliver did for the National Youth Alliance (again, this was done before Pierce picked it up) was published that same year in Willis Carto's American Mercury magazine (yet a n o t h e r of Carto’s many enterprises) with a very few minor changes. 20 T h e talk/article was essentially Oliver's cut on what was going on in colleges and with college students. The last few sentences in the filmed talk--or i n the American Mercury article, the last paragraph--was a pitch for the NYA. I have concluded that Oliver probably originally put together this m a t e r i a l as a paper or an aricle and then tacked on the material on the NYA for t h e film, and then left the NYA reference in when it was published b y American Mercury. In any case, the film had the distinct appearance of someone reading a magazine article. The language and syntax was of a sort that is written, not spoken, and this gave the film a stilted quality. The director of the film, whoever it was, attempted to inject s o m e production values. For example, Oliver got up from his desk and w a l k e d over to the bookcase and struck a pose before going on with h i s presentation. Also, there were cuts in the film which moved v i e w e r s closer and farther away from Oliver and altered their angle of sight. Overall, however, the film was a rather drab affair. Although then again, Oliver did have a kind of grandeur and air of authority--his talk w a s sprinkled with impressive references to the classics, Oliver's academic specialty--and I suppose that lent some measure of credibility to Lou Byers' operation. I did wonder while watching the film, however, h o w much Oliver knew about the actual operations of the organization he w a s praising. In his presentation, Oliver's anti-Semitism came through. He d i d n ' t refer to Jews explicitly, but when he talked about "alien slime" a n d "scabrous aliens," we get the message. 21 We also get the message that t h e National Youth Alliance was not seeking to attract what these years w e would call a multicultural membership. Oliver tells us that the college students the NYA seeks to attract are the young men and women who h a v e "inherited the quality peculiar to our race that finds expression in o u r great sagas of Beowulf, King Arthur, Roland, Parsifal, and Siegfried."2 2 In many a required course, they [the students the NYA seeks t o attract] must hear and recite once more, as they have had to d o every year since kindergarten, the dreary drivel a b o u t "democracy," "social good," "underdeveloped nations," "one world," and all the other myths of liberal make-believe, a n d

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they see that the purpose is to excite in them the feeling of guilt because they belong to the only race that could a t t a i n power over the forces of nature--guilt because their ancestors' intelligence and courage raised them above the squalor of universal "equality." They parrot, as they must, the professor's gabble, but what they feel is not guilt, but anger. And they a r e sick of equality.2 3 Oliver says he hopes that that the National Youth Alliance, will tell the elite of young Americans what they have so long a n d doubtlessly waited to hear: not the economic advantages of "free enterprise," to be reaped by helping some corporation sell more Coca-Cola or hair oil or paint remover, or the blessings of freedom to buy a mortgage in the suburbs, or run faster in t h e rat-race and raise children to be taught that Paradise is a place where hominoids with full bellies live in perpetual rut, b u t rather, about honor, loyalty, race, and Western man's will t o conquer or die. Young men and women should not b e summoned to meetings of a Ladies' Missionary Society, but to a struggle against great odds. They need to be warned not t h a t lady-like conservatives must be careful to Love Everybody, b u t that treason of the slimy Ganelon can be defeated only if t h e men of the west are still willing to die in the pass a t Roncesvalles. 2 4 The reference to “slimy Ganelon” in this last quote is a reference to t h e medieval epic, La Chanson de Roland, in which Ganelon betrays his stepson, Roland, by arranging an ambush of Charlemagne’s army as it returns h o m e from battling the Saracens in Spain. Roland, commander of the r e a r g u a r d in the army, survives the attack, but then dies of exhaustion. So a “slimy Ganelon” refers to the connivers and traitors among us--that is to say, t h e Jews.

Four months after Oliver's death in July of 1994, a memorial s y m p o s i u m was held in his honor at Jumer's Lodge in Urbana, Illinois, the home of t h e University of Illinois, where Oliver had been a professor for t h i r t y - t w o years. The organizer and master of ceremony of the event was S a m Dickson, the same Sam Dickson who wrote the introduction to Oliver's collection of writings, America's Decline. Among the speakers paying tribute to Oliver on that occasion were Kevin Strom and his wife Kirsten.

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Kevin Strom had been a very important part of Pierce's life since t h e Arlington days, Strom's first contact with Pierce coming when he a t t e n d e d one of the Sunday night meetings of the Alliance. Strom was Pierce's number one right-hand man, as it were. After high school, Strom worked as a broadcast engineer before, i n Pierce's words, "breaking away from the Great Satan," by which Pierce means the life of materialism and credit card debt. Strom moved to W e s t Virginia and helped Pierce set up the telephone and alarm systems on t h e West Virginia property. Most importantly, it was Strom's idea in 1991 t o launch a half-hour weekly short-wave radio program to spread t h e message of the National Alliance. He called the program A m e r i c a n Dissident Voices, and it went on the air on WWCR out of Nashville, Tennessee. The program soon expanded to AM stations around t h e country and is still a major vehicle for the dissemination of the National Socialist philosophy and Pierce's ideas. American Dissident Voices was Strom's operation. He negotiated with stations, produced the tapes of the shows in a studio he set up on t h e second floor of the Alliance's headquarters building, and mailed the t a p e s to the radio stations for later broadcast. He also hosted most of t h e programs--Pierce handled about one a month. Each show was a talk b y Strom or Pierce, preceded by a standard pre-recorded introduction a n d followed by information about the National Alliance. Some of Strom's programs were interviews with Pierce. Neither man trusted s p o n t a n e i t y - every show, including the interviews, were scripted word for word. Strom published the scripts of the broadcasts in a monthly Alliance n e w s l e t t e r called Free Speech, and sold audio tapes of programs as well as tapes of some of Pierce's Sunday night talks back in Arlington through National Vanguard Books catalogs. Strom also compiled articles from the 1970-1981 Attack! a n d National Vanguard tabloids into a large paperbound volume called T h e Best of Attack! and National Vanguard Tabloid and published a n d distributed it through National Vanguard Books. In the book's introduction. Strom describes the articles as a "chronicle of an awakening." He writes that they mark the awakening of White men and women to their p a s t greatness, to the reality of their race's degradation, and to t h e i r responsibility for their future. It is the chronicle of the v e r y beginning of a movement, the success or failure of which will determine the future course of life on this planet.2 5 Pierce describes Strom as a vegetarian and teetotaler (non-drinker). Pierce said that the way Kevin and Kirsten met was that a young w o m a n

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named Kirsten Kaiser had sent some letters to the National Alliance headquarters and that she had sounded interesting and that he h a d suggested to Strom that this Kirsten was someone he, Strom, might like t o meet. Strom took Pierce up on the suggestion, things worked out for t h e two of them as a couple, and he and Kirsten were married and she m o v e d to West Virginia. I watched a video tape Strom produced of the memorial service f o r Oliver. 26 Strom was the third speaker, following Dr. Charles Weber, t h e Chairman of a group called the Committee for the Reexamination of t h e Second World War, and Dr. Richard Swartzbaugh, an anthropologist a n d author of a book entitled The Mediator. Sam Dickson introduced Kevin Strom. The Kevin Strom standing at the microphone that day was a youngish, clean-cut man who appeared to be in his mid- to late-thirties. He was of medium height and build, and was dressed conservatively in a coat and tie. His straight features and aviator glasses give him a John Denver-like appearance. Unlike Denver, however, Strom's hair was d a r k and cut to medium length. It was parted neatly and combed to the side, and the ends fell toward his right eyebrow. He reminded me of the wellscrubbed men I see working behind the counter at airline ticketing stations. He spoke in a soft-spoken and formal way to the audience t h a t had assembled on that November day in Illinois: On August 10, 1994, for the first time in my life, I s u d d e n l y found myself living in a universe that did not contain Revilo Pendleton Oliver....My wife and I visited Dr. and Mrs. Oliver i n July 1994, about one month before his death. At that time, m y wife was pregnant with our second child, Edgar Alfred Strom. My first-born son, Oskar Oliver Strom, was named to h o n o r Revilo Oliver. I hope that our growing family and our family's dedication to the cause for which Revilo Oliver sacrificed s o much gave him some small satisfaction....If our race's f u t u r e lies, as I believe it does, in the stars rather than in t h e nothingness of extinction, then Revilo Oliver's consciousness was a consciousness of the future, an example of t h e intellectual and spiritual greatness of which European man is capable. Dr. Oliver shunned sentimental illusions, and w a s often pessimistic about the future of our race. But his existence on this planet is, to me, evidence that our future path is upward to understanding and mastery of the universe, and n o t downward through a mongrelized squalor to the primordial slime....Dr. Oliver was not afraid, and we of European d e s c e n t should not be afraid, to use the term Aryan....It should not b e applied indiscriminately to every White person, however. I n

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my opinion, its use should be limited to describe those of o u r race who truly deserve to be called nobles--those who by t h e i r appearance, their actions, their character, their intellect, a n d their consciousness of their mission to bring forth a higher t y p e of human-kind on this planet, deserve to be the progenitors of future generations of our race. By such a standard, Revilo Oliver was an Aryan among Aryans. [Before he died] I w a s able to tell him how much I loved him, how much he h a d affected my life, how much he had inspired me and t h o u s a n d s like me, and how, as long as I drew breath, the Cause for which he lived would continue. A number of speakers later, it was Kirsten Strom's turn to p a y tribute to Revilo Oliver. She was the only woman to speak that day. T h e microphone had been chest high to most of male speakers, and some h a d to lean down to speak into it. Kirsten, on the other hand, could barely b e seen over the podium and the microphone was right in front of her face. She was probably in her early thirties, but she could have passed f o r someone in her mid-twenties. She had on large clear plastic glasses a n d dark lipstick. She wore a dark round hat of the sort women wore in t h e ‘40s--the kind that had often had a veil, although hers didn’t--and it w a s pitched toward the back of her head. Her hair was dark and wavy a n d outlined her round face and soft features. She wore a dark woman's s u i t over a white blouse open at the collar. A loosely tied scarf was around h e r neck. I remember my mother dressing this way when I was very young. Kirsten Strom spoke in a girlish, unsophisticated (she m e n t i o n e d having a "picher" taken with Oliver), gentle, and sincere way. "My name is Kirsten," she began. One of the things my husband Kevin and I used to do on a date--I know it was kind of a strange thing to do on a d a t e - was listen to Dr. Oliver's speeches. The first time I heard h i m speak I knew he was extraordinary....[When I came to k n o w him personally] he was incredibly gracious to me. He a l w a y s referred to me as Kevin's bride--even after we had b e e n married several years. I thought that was extremely courteous of him....Doctor Oliver was so nice to Kevin and me. We enjoyed talking to him so much. Everything he said is just seared into my memory, as I am sure it is to anybody's who ever spoke t o him. You could never forget him, never ever....The last time I saw him was in July--we wanted to see him for his birthday. We were distressed to find out that he was very sick. As Kevin said in his speech, we were lucky to have been able to tell h i m

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how much we loved him and how he had changed our lives forever....I just had a baby about two weeks ago, and I w a s really afraid I wouldn't be able to come today. After a g r e a t deal of thought I decided to come, and I am very glad that I did, because this is something else I will never forget. I'm v e r y glad that we are all here together. I hope we will f o r e v e r remember Dr. Oliver, and that we will have the same kind of courage to just keep on going, day in and day out, saying w h a t we know is true. At home I have this saying on m y refrigerator: "The truth is not only outraged by falsehood, it is outraged by silence." I am not going to be silent, and certainly my husband is not going to be silent. Kevin is on [the radio] every week. You can hear him every week. That is all I h a v e to say. I am very honored to be here. Thank you. Good-bye. As it turned out, Kevin isn't on the radio every week, and Kevin a n d Kirsten are not together anymore. Their marriage failed and t h e y divorced. Distracted by the trauma of the divorce and wanting to be i n Minnesota, his home state, with his three children, Kevin stopped his w o r k with Pierce. Kevin has been granted custody of their three children, a n d according to Pierce centers his life around homeschooling them. It is particularly difficult for Kevin, Pierce told me, because one of his children is mildly autistic. Strom no longer does the radio show--now Pierce handles all of the programs. Since 1997 Kevin Strom has been silent. There has been much speculation about what inspired Pierce to write T h e Turner Diaries. He had never written any fiction before. Some h a v e guessed that the inspiration was a book by Jack London called The I r o n Heel.27 Pierce clarified that in our discussions. He said that Revilo Oliver was the inspiration. Pierce recalls meeting Oliver through his contacts w i t h Lou Byers in 1970 or 1971, and corresponding with Oliver after that. Oliver had written a review of a book by William Gayley Simpson called Which Way Western Man? for Pierce's tabloid Attack!. (The Simpson book and Pierce's response to it will be discussed in a later chapter.) Pierce s a i d that he had significantly cut Oliver's review. Pierce thought it was too long and that Oliver, who Pierce said detested Christianity, had given over a n inordinate amount of space in his review to broadsides against Christianity. At that point--and it is still true today, although to a lesser extent--Pierce didn't want "a war with the Christians," as he put it to me. Oliver h a d n ' t taken well to Pierce's cuts in his review, but they were on cordial e n o u g h terms for the two of them to have gotten together for lunch in 1974 w h e n Oliver was in Washington.

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Pierce said he told Oliver at the lunch meeting that he was finding i t hard getting a response out of people to the message he was trying to g e t across. Oliver asked him whether he had ever thought of writing fiction. Oliver told Pierce that many of the sorts of people who would respond t o his ideas--those toward the bottom or on the margins of society with less stake in the existing arrangements and less to lose--simply don't read t h e kind of non-fiction material he was generating. If they read anything a t all, Oliver said, it is fiction, and particularly light, action-filled recreational fiction. “No, I hadn't thought about writing fiction,” Pierce told Oliver. “It does sound like a good idea, though. But I really wouldn't know where t o start doing something like that--I've never done any of it.” Oliver told Pierce that when he got back home in Illinois, he would mail him a book that the John Birch Society had published. It was the kind of fiction t h a t he had in mind for Pierce to think about writing. A couple of weeks later, Pierce received a photocopy of the book Oliver had talked about in the mail. It was called The John Franklin Letters, and had been published back in 1959. 28 Pierce told me he d i d n ' t read the book carefully, but that he looked through it enough to get a n idea of how he could do something like that. The "something like that" turned out to be The Turner Diaries, a book which has sold over t h r e e hundred thousand copies without the aid of a commercial publisher a n d bookstore distribution and has become arguably the most infamous book of our time. Pierce still has the photocopy of the book Oliver gave him, and I went through it. The John Franklin Letters is made up of chronologically arranged fictional letters from one John Semmes Franklin to his n i n e t y three-year-old uncle. They span a two-year period, from 1972 to 1 9 7 4 . (Recall that the book was written in 1959, and thus its events transpire i n the future.) Pierce told me that the letters format on The John Franklin Letters inspired the idea of a fictional diary, which he decided would be a good format for writing a first novel. With diary entries, Pierce would j u s t have to look at the world through the eyes of one person, Earl Turner. He wouldn't have to put himself in the place of a number of characters, o r assume the position of an omniscient observer. No author is listed for The John Franklin Letters. The preface is written by a fictional Harley Ogdon, who identifies himself as a professor of American history at the University of Illinois. He informs us t h a t Franklin's letters to his uncle record the ousting of the "Buros" (Bureaucrats) by the Rangers, an underground patriotic military force Franklin helped form. The Rangers, Ogdon writes, represented t h e resistance to the excesses of state control of every facet of American life. They were combatting the government paternalism that was destroying

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this country. As I read along in the book, I became certain I knew who t h e author of The John Franklin Letters was--Revilo Oliver himself. I had r e a d enough of Oliver's writings by that time to recognize his thinking and h i s writing style. "Did Oliver ever tell you who wrote The John Franklin Letters ?" I asked Pierce. "I don't know who wrote it," Pierce answered. "It doesn't give a n author because the premise is that this is a collection of letters." "I believe Oliver himself wrote this book, and that for w h a t e v e r reason he didn't want his identity known," I said. "It could be that at t h a t time, in the 1950s, he wasn't excited about the idea of the people a t National Review or the University of Illinois knowing he was writing t h i s kind of thing." "That could be,” Pierce responded. “All I know is that he didn't tell me that he had written the book. He just said did you ever see The John Franklin Letters? and I said, no, I never had, and he said I'll send you a copy, it might give you an idea of how you can use a fictional medium t o get your message out. And he sent me the book." Even though The John Franklin Letters was written fifty years ago, i t reflects many of the concerns of those on the far right in c o n t e m p o r a r y times. For one thing, there is the worry about "big brother," liberal, paternalistic government, particularly at the federal level. In an e a r l y letter of this unpaginated volume, Franklin tells his uncle that it all b e g a n with Roosevelt and the New Deal back in the 1930s: "By government, t h e great orator [Roosevelt] did not mean the people of the United States, acting with courage and common sense in their own communities. He meant a parcel of professional experts minding other people's business, who were even then descending on Washington...a flock of theorists b e n t on confiscating the nation's money through taxation." Later on, Franklin gets more specific, as the tells his uncle: "[The ‘experts’ have] planned u s into economic serfdom; now they'll manage us into organized captivity with an orgy of deficit spending, pump-priming controls, and population shifts." And then there is the disastrous welfare system: "Here's what h a s happened," writes Franklin. "Anyone can get on the relief roles. All y o u have to do is convince a Bureaucrat, himself living on other people's money, that you are in need." Elsewhere he tells his uncle, "Charity t o those in need has turned into a vast system of 'projects' in the hands of 'social engineers.' Something for nothing--that is now the battle cry." An anti-black bias shows through as Franklin writes: "One third of the nation's crime is committed by Negroes, mostly in Northern cities-home of enlightenment and integration, you'll notice. The Liberals cry, scarlet with rage, 'Well what do you expect? They live in s u b s t a n d a r d

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conditions.' And I add, those rapists, killers, and thieves are behaving in a substandard manner." In another letter, Franklin refers to blacks as a "tax-supported proletariat." There is the worry about what have come to be called "hate laws." "As bad as blacks are, you can't criticize them,” writes Franklin, “because of the Javitts hate literature law, [Jacob Javitts was a Jewish senator f r o m New York at that time] which prevents what is considered to be u n f a i r propaganda against minority groups.” Later on, Franklin writes to h i s uncle about a "Mr. White" (white man?) who is serving a t e n - y e a r "administrative penalty" for being discourteous to a black. "This had b e e n regarded as a form of genocide," explains Franklin, "since it could d o psychological harm to an entire minority element." The New York Commission on Intergroup Relations had previously been after this Mr. White, Franklin reports to his uncle, because he was the president of a country club who failed to include a black among its members. "White's remark to the Commission that he thought he and his friends had the r i g h t to choose their own associates," writes Franklin, "was most unwise u n d e r the circumstances." The book also foretells fears about what in these years is called t h e New World Order. Franklin's letters assert that America's sovereignty is being given over to "world governments," as he calls them, such as t h e United Nations. According to Franklin, this is part of a movement toward a "world-wide people's democratic government." He tells his uncle that t h e United States is now being governed by the United Nations Organization and the "Peoples' Democratic Anti-Fascist Government of North America." And there are the gun-control worries. Writes Franklin: "No dictatorship has ever been imposed on a nation of free men who have n o t been first required to register their privately owned weapons...[However] we are not, as were the Hungarians [referring to the 1956 uprising against the Soviet-dominated government in that country] reduced to fighting w i t h our bare hands and Molotov cocktails [explosive devices made out of s o d a pop bottles and gasoline]. Millions of Americans still have a deadly a n d trusted weapon which the Buros tried too late to seize." In the end, the Rangers win the day. Franklin's last letter, dated July 4th, 1974 (again, the book was written in the 1950s), tells of victory a n d the re-establishment of "the legal government of the United States of America." Franklin tells his uncle: "Rangers appeared in Washington j u s t before dawn. Within an hour we had control of the metropolitan police headquarters, the broadcasting stations, and the Buro guard posts throughout the city. Shortly after sunrise, two battalions of Ranger paratroopers jumped from the old military and commercial aircraft a b o u t which you know. A command post was set up in Rock Creek Park. We h a d almost no trouble with the UN and Buro guards around the city. They are,

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as we found out early in the game, more on the order of custodians a n d doorkeepers than fighting infantry. The professional military forces which had plagued us for a while--Soviet, Chinese, and Indian troops--had b e e n withdrawn for some months to deal with unrest on their home grounds.” The book ends on an ominous note as Franklin refers to retribution: "Certain high-minded Liberals will be among the first to be executed a n d they will go to their deaths not understanding why." Guided by the example of The John Franklin Letters, Pierce began writing what came to be called The Turner Diaries as installments for his tabloid Attack!. Pierce said the early installments received an enthusiastic response from readers, so he kept them going. As with The John Franklin Letters, the basic situation is a revolt against those in control of America in a future time. Instead of the Rangers, in Pierce's book it is t h e Organization. Within the Organization there was an elite group to which the protagonist Earl Turner belongs called the Order. In Nazi Germany, t h e cadre of the best young National Socialist party members was called t h e Order. When I read Pierce’s book I presumed that that is where he got t h e name, but he tells me that wasn’t the case. Instead of fighting the Buros a s in the Oliver book, Earl Turner and his compatriots were taking on t h e System. And of course, instead of writing letters, Earl Turner keeps a diary. Pierce told me he wrote twenty-six chapters, of The Turner Diaries - one for each issue of his tabloid Attack!--over a period of t h r e e - a n d - a - h a l f years. He said that the one thing he made sure to do was get one piece of violence or heightened action into each episode in order to keep h i s readers interested. He said he knocked out the episodes quickly a s deadlines were short, and that he had no idea that they would e v e r comprise a book. If he had known that they were going to receive as m u c h attention as they eventually did receive, he told me, he would have t r i e d to do better job with the writing. A number of times Pierce expressed t o me that he didn't think The Turner Diaries is very well written. He s e e m s somewhat embarrassed about the book’s literary merits. He thinks t h a t Hunter, the novel he wrote in the mid-1980s and which has received m u c h less attention than The Turner Diaries, is a far better-written book. When Pierce completed The Turner Diaries installments in 1978, h e thought he had something worth publishing as a separate volume. He s e n t the manuscript to eleven or twelve publishers, he told me, and they all turned it down. He then published the manuscript himself. 29 It has b e e n sold in what Pierce calls the underground market: though ads in survivalist magazines, at gun shows, by individuals selling the book to their friends, and through the catalog of his own National Vanguard books. The book h a s

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been remarkably successful, with over three hundred thousand copies sold and perhaps a half-million readers. There was a departure from the underground-sales pattern for a short period after all the attention the Oklahoma bombing brought to t h e book. A commercial publisher, Barricade Press, picked it up. Bob DeMarais had put together a promotional package and sent it to t w e n t y - n i n e publishers, and Barricade had “bought in,” says Pierce. Barricade is t h e operation of Lyle Stuart, who ironically is Jewish. Pierce told me t h a t Barricade thrives on controversy, and that The Turner Diaries is the sort of book it publishes. In the preface to the Barricade edition of The T u r n e r Diaries, Stuart writes that he personally finds the book reprehensible, b u t that he believes that as a matter of free speech it warrants being m a d e available to the public. Soon after Barricade picked up The Turner Diaries, it went bankrupt and the rights to the book reverted back to Pierce One of the other of Barricade’s books alleged that a Las Vegas figure, Steve Wynn, was a front for organized crime. Wynn sued the publishing house for libel and was awarded a three-million dollar judgment. That broke Barricade. So Pierce is back selling his own book. What exactly did Pierce write in The Turner Diaries? What did Timothy McVeigh and thousands of others who have been affected by the book read in its pages? That’s next.

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1 0 ____________ THE TURNER DIARIES Pierce wrote The Turner Diaries, as well as his later novel Hunter, u n d e r the pen name Andrew Macdonald. 1 His approach paralleled that taken b y Revilo Oliver (I am certain it was Oliver) in The John Franklin Letters. T h e preface of The John Franklin Letters is written by the fictitious Professor Harley Ogdon, and the forward in Pierce's is written by Macdonald. W h e r e Pierce differs from Oliver is that he makes Macdonald the author of t h e book, while Oliver left his book without an identified author. The premise of The Turner Diaries is that Macdonald is writing t h e preface of the book in the year 100 of the New Era, which, if I have i t calculated right, is 2099 by our numbering. Macdonald tells us that t h e r e was an insurrectionary group in this country called the Organization (in Oliver's book it was the Rangers) which successfully waged the Great Revolution against the System (it was the Buros in The Franklin Letters) during the period from 1991 to 1999. Recall that Pierce wrote the tabloid episodes that became The Turner Diaries in the mid-1970s, so it would b e like setting events in a book written these years in 2015 or 2020; it l e n d s a prophetic quality to the writing. The outcome of this Great Revolution, we learn in the preface, was a "cataclysmic upheaval," not only in America but all over the world, which resulted in the New Era. This was such a monumental turn of events that years are numbered from that t i m e forward (1NE, 2NE, 3NE, and so on). What has happened, writes Macdonald, is that excavations of t h e "Washington ruins" have just turned up (this is 100NE, remember) a historically significant diary that had been kept by one of the martyrs of the Great Revolution--I find it interesting that Pierce uses the w o r d ‘martyr’ and not hero--a man named Earl Turner. This was a significant discovery because Turner is a major historical figure. School children memorize his name along with the others on the Record of Martyrs, and h e is recognized every year on the Day of the Martyrs. This book marks t h e Turner diaries’ first availability to the general public. Earl Turner, we are told, was a rank-and-file member of t h e Organization as well as its elite cadre, the Order. Macdonald informs u s that Turner kept a diary from the beginning of the revolution i n September of 1991 to the day of his death, November 9th, 1993, when h e flew an old cropduster plane on what amounted to a suicide mission t o

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drop a nuclear bomb on the Pentagon Building in Washington, D.C.. T h e bomb hit its target, and Turner achieved a kind of immortality as one of the Great Martyrs. He will be honored by all of the generations to come f o r his enormous dedication, courage, and sacrifice, and for the gift of a g r a n d new way of being that he and others like him made possible. Macdonald tells us that Turner was thirty-five years old when h e began writing the diaries. Turner grew up in Los Angeles, was trained a s an electrical engineer, and after college settled in the Washington, D.C. a r e a (the center of things for Pierce since the Rockwell connection), where h e worked for an electronics research firm. Turner’s diary entries recount h i s exploits in the Great Revolution, along with those of his compatriots in t h e Organization, George, Henry, and the woman who becomes Turner’s m a t e (the word Pierce used), Katherine. Macdonald doesn't give the reader a n y indication in the preface--nor do we get it later on in the book--of w h a t any of these individuals looks like, with the exception that he gets across the idea that Katherine is a physically attractive woman. Earl Turner's first diary entry is dated September 16th, 1991. "Today i t finally began! After all those years of talking--and doing n o t h i n g - - w e have finally taken our first action. We are at war with the System, and i t is no longer a war of words."2 Turner refers to having been arrested in t h e Gun Raids two years before. The Cohen Act (in The John Franklin Letters i t was the Javitts Act, another Jewish name) had outlawed private o w n e r s h i p of guns. Four Negroes had burst into Turner’s door with a baseball bat a n d knives and ransacked his apartment looking for a gun. Their w h i t e superior found it (in Pierce's writing don't expect minorities to g e t anything done), and Turner was arrested. 3 So many people were a r r e s t e d in the Gun Raids--eight hundred thousand nationwide--that the authorities didn't have the means to process them all. So after three days of d e t e n t i o n in a high school gym, Turner was released. He lost his position at t h e laboratory when he was arrested, however, and did consulting work a n d special jobs for a couple of electronic firms to make a living. Pierce m a y have been drawing on his own situation here. His job at Pratt & W h i t n e y ended--albeit at his initiative, but in his mind he jumped before he w a s pushed--with his transgression, publishing National Socialist World. When the Gun Raids had taken place two years before, some militant members of the Organization, Turner records in his diary, were in favor of "digging up our weapons caches and unleashing a program of terror against the system immediately, carrying out executions of Federal judges, newspaper editors, legislators, and other System figures. The time w a s ripe for such action, they felt, because in the wake of the Gun Raids t h e y could win public sympathy for such a campaign against tyranny." 4 But

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they were wrong, Turner concludes. The Organization wasn't ready to a c t effectively. At that time, Turner writes, the Organization contained too many cowards, blabbermouths, informers, fools, weaklings, irresponsible jerks, fainthearts, and hobbyists. But now they are ready. What will come to be called the Great Revolution has begun. Turner's unit (Pierce's National Alliance is divided into units, as w a s the John Birch Society, Pierce's first organizational link) needs to r a i s e some cash, so they rob Berman’s liquor store and make off with eight hundred dollars. In the process Earl bops a black employee over the h e a d with an "Ivory special"--a bar of soap in a sock. (This "socially conscious" crime--robbing a liquor store--may have inspired Bob Mathews, who will be discussed later on, to devise his own similarly-inspired money-raising enterprises.) They then go down the street to Berman's Deli. Earl gives old man Berman a bop. Henry then slits Berman’s throat from ear to ear. When Mrs. Berman enters the scene, Henry lets fly with a jar of k o s h e r pickles and she goes down "in a spray of pickles and broken glass." 5 T h a t robbery netted another $4,426. Earl reports that he isn't up for robbing any more liquor stores because "I don't have the nerves for it." 6 Note t h a t nerves were Earl’s problem; he had no moral qualms about an old m a n having his throat cut and his wife getting a rock-hard jar rifled into h e r face. In The Turner Diaries, Pierce makes explicit what was tacit in Oliver's book: the Organization is waging a struggle on behalf of the white race; t h i s is a race war. "If the Organization fails at its task now," Turner writes, “everything will be lost--our [white] history, our heritage, all the blood a n d sacrifices and upward striving of countless thousands of years. The Enemy we are fighting fully intends to destroy the basis of our existence."7 The Turner Diaries is replete with violence from beginning to end, particularly when revenge is being wreaked against Jews and blacks a n d traitorous whites--men and woman, young and old. An early entry tells of an Organization member dying in a Chicago jail, probably, Turner surmises, at the hands of black inmates while the white authorities looked the o t h e r way. In retaliation, a member of the Organization blows off the head of the Cook County sheriff with a shotgun. 8 When a spokesman for t h e Chicago Jewish community responds by describing the Organization as "a gang of racist bigots," his head is chopped off with a hatchet. 9 My guess is that beyond whatever service violent incidents like these provide to t h e book's narrative line, writing them gave Pierce a measure of cathartic relief. With this kind of thing going on in Chicago and elsewhere, t h e Attorney General of the United States announces that the FBI is going t o root out the Organization, which he describes as "depraved racist criminals"

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who want to "undo all the progress toward true equality" that has b e e n attained by the System in recent years. 1 0 Earl reports that he and Katherine, who up to this point had b e e n aligned with George even though she wasn't George's mate, accidentally meet unclothed in the shower and nature takes its course. 11 From then on, they are together. Turner describes Katherine as having herself b e e n arrested in the Gun Raids. She had purchased a pistol after her r o o m m a t e had been raped by a black. She met George in the detention center, and h e had radicalized her. Before she met George, Katherine had been a liberal "in the mindless, automatic way that most people are." 12 George gave h e r books to read and helped her develop a racial identity. This theme of being educated into racial consciousness by someone who, among o t h e r things, provides books for them to read is a recurrent theme in Pierce's writing. No doubt it grows out of his sense of the central importance of this kind of education and his view of himself as a teacher. In a w a y , Professor Pierce has never left the classroom. Katherine had worked in the past as a congressman's secretary and a copy-editor and writer. In the Organization she specializes in m a k e - u p and disguises. Another theme in Pierce: when women are doing what t h e y should be doing, it is not going to be writing or editing articles; w o m e n serve their men. Now we come to the incident in the book that received so m u c h attention in the Timothy McVeigh case. Many believe it is what inspired McVeigh to blow up the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in t h e way that he did. Turner's unit is assigned to blow up the FBI h e a d q u a r t e r s in Washington. The objective is to strike before the FBI arrests m o r e Organization members. In particular, the revolutionaries want to knock out a computer complex in the sub-basement of the building that s u p p o r t s a new internal passport system which will expose to arrest Organization "legals," those who have not gone underground. 13 Secondary objectives of the bombing are to raise morale in the Organization by demonstrating i t s ability to act and to embarrass the System. 1 4 Another unit in the Organization has been assigned to get t h e explosives. Turner's unit will hijack a truck making a delivery to the FBI headquarters, load the truck with explosives, drive to a freight receiving area, set a fuse, and leave the truck before the bomb goes off. Turner's unit is to work out the details of the assignment, which includes determining the FBI's freight-delivery schedules and procedures. Turner's specific job is to design and construct the mechanism that detonates t h e bomb. Here we see another theme, and ideal, in Pierce's writing: people unquestioningly doing what they are told in the service of a grand r a c e enhancing mission.

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Turner writes that he first put together a trigger mechanism, which he said was "quite easy" to construct, although he doesn't go into details about how he went about it. He says he held up on the b o o s t e r - - t h e trigger mechanism needs a booster to set off the main charge, five or t e n tons of some explosive like TNT--until he knew what sort of explosives h e would be using. The unit assigned to acquire the explosives steal t w o cases, around one hundred pounds of blasting gelatin, which is the booster he needs. Turner says the blasting gelatin is sensitive enough to b e initiated by one of his homemade lead azide detonators, and that t h e hundred pounds he has is enough to set off the main charge, which t u r n s out to be around forty-four hundred pounds of ammonium n i t r a t e fertilizer along with four hundred pounds of dynamite. Writes Turner: I packed about four pounds of the blasting gelatin into a n empty applesauce can, primed it, placed the batteries a n d timing mechanism in the top of the can, and wired them to a small toggle switch on the end of the 20-foot extension cord. When we load the truck with explosives, the can will go i n back, on top of the two cases of blasting gelatin. We'll have t o poke small holes in the walls of the trailer and the cab to r u n the extension cord and the switch into the cab.1 5 Turner says that someone, probably Henry, will drive the truck into the freight-receiving area inside the FBI building, flip a switch which s t a r t s a timer, and ten minutes later the explosives will go off. Since the a m o u n t of explosives is relatively small, it is decided that it would be best to try t o get the truck into the first-level basement, which has a freight entrance. If we detonate our bomb in the basement underneath t h e courtyard the confinement will make it substantially m o r e effective. It will almost certainly collapse the basement floor into the sub-basement, burying the computers. Furthermore, i t will destroy most, if not all, the communications and p o w e r equipment for the building, since those are on the b a s e m e n t levels. The big unknown is whether it will do e n o u g h structural damage to the building to make it uninhabitable f o r an extended period. Without a detailed blueprint of t h e building and a team of architects and civil engineers we simply can't answer that question. 1 6 "If we are lucky," Turner writes in his diary, "that will be the end of t h e FBI building--and the government's new three-billion-dollar c o m p u t e r

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complex for their internal-passport system." 17 Note there is n o consideration of the lives that might be lost in the blast. Turner and the ordinance expert of the other unit involved in t h e operation, Ed Sanders, calculate that they would need at least ten t h o u s a n d pounds of TNT or an equivalent explosive to destroy a substantial portion of the FBI building and wreck the new computer center. To be on the s a f e side, they ask for twenty thousand pounds. Turner finally has to make d o with a little under five thousand pounds, however, and most of that is n o t TNT but rather ammonium nitrate fertilizer. He says that when it is sensitized with oil and tightly confined, ammonium nitrate makes a n effective blasting agent, although he considers it less effective for t h e i r purposes than TNT would have been. 18 The day of the bombing, Turner and Sanders mix heating oil with t h e one-hundred-pound bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in the other unit's garage. We stood the 100-pound bags on end one by one and poked a small hole in the top with a screwdriver, just big enough t o insert the end of a funnel. While I held the bag and the funnel, Ed poured in a gallon of oil. Then we slapped a big square of adhesive tape over the hole, and I turned the bag end over e n d to mix the contents while Ed refilled his oil can from the f e e d e r line to the oil furnace. It took us nearly three hours to do all 4 4 sacks, and the work really wore me out.1 9 While this is going on, George and Henry are out stealing a truck. They find one, a delivery truck of an office-supply firm, and Henry kills i t s black driver with a knife. Henry drives the truck back to where T u r n e r and Sanders are, with George following in a car. They unload what was i n the delivery truck and then load the now-empty truck with the cases of dynamite and bags of ammonium nitrate fertilizer sensitized by adding heating oil. Turner runs the cable and switch for the detonator from t h e cargo area into the cab of the truck through a crack. They decide to l e a v e the driver's body in the back of the truck. Henry drives the truck toward the FBI building. 20 At 9:15 A.M. t h e bomb goes off. Turner writes in his diary: ...the pavement shuddered violently under our feet. An i n s t a n t later the blast wave hit us--a deafening "ka-whoomp," followed by an enormous roaring, crashing sound, accentuated by t h e higher-pitched noise of shattering glass all around us. T h e plate glass windows in the store beside us and dozens of o t h e r s

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that we could see along the street were blown to splinters. A glittering and deadly rain of glass shards continued to fall into the street from the upper stories of nearby buildings for a f e w seconds, as a jet-black column of smoke shot straight up into the sky ahead of us.2 1 Turner and George run to the building: The scene in the courtyard was one of utter devastation. The whole Pennsylvania Avenue wing of the building...had collapsed, partly into the courtyard in the center of t h e building and partly into Pennsylvania Avenue. A huge hole yawned in the courtyard pavement just beyond the rubble of collapsed masonry, and it was from this hole that most of t h e column of black smoke was ascending. Overturned trucks a n d automobiles, smashed office furniture, and building r u b b l e were strewn wildly about--and so were the bodies of a shockingly large number of victims. Over everything hung a pall of black smoke, burning our eyes and lungs and reducing the bright morning to semi-darkness. 2 2 Turner reports that he "gaped with a mixture of horror and elation at t h e devastation." 2 3 Turner hears a moan and sees a girl about twenty years of a g e trapped in the rubble, half-conscious, her face smudged and cut, her leg broken, and with a deep gash in her thigh. He puts a tourniquet on h e r thigh wound and carries her out to the street. He then becomes aware of the moans and screams of dozens of other victims. He looks upon a woman, her face covered in blood and with a gaping wound in her head, lying motionless--"a horrible sight," he writes. Turner later learns that approximately seven hundred people d i e d from the blast. For the first time in the book, Turner confronts the issue of the justification of causing the deaths of so many innocent people. ...there is no way we can destroy the System without h u r t i n g many thousands of innocent people--no way. It is a cancer too deeply rooted in our flesh. And if we don't destroy the S y s t e m before it destroys us--if we don't cut this cancer out of o u r living flesh--our whole race will die....[W]e are all completely convinced that what we did was justified, but it is still v e r y hard to see our own people suffering so intensely because of our acts. It is because Americans have for so many years b e e n

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unwilling to make unpleasant decisions that we are forced t o make decisions now which are stern indeed. 2 4 The "unpleasant decisions" he refers to are with reference to the Jewish and race issues that threaten the preservation of a white America. Not long after the FBI bombing, Turner is informed that he had b e e n deemed worthy of being brought into a select inner circle of t h e Organization, the Order. Turner is given what looks like a monk's robe t o wear and stands in a circle with five similarly-robed Organization members for the initiation ceremony. As members of the Order, they a r e to be bearers of the Cause, the survival and progress of their race. T u r n e r and the others swear the Oath to the Cause and allegiance to one another. The experience, Turner reports, "shook me to my bones and raised the h a i r on the back of my neck."25 Now his life belongs only to the Order. "Today I was, in a sense, born again," he writes. "I know now that I will n e v e r again be able to look at the world or the people around me or my own life in quite the same way I did before."2 6 As I read this section of the book, I imagined that it must have b e e n gratifying for Pierce, who I believe has always felt quite alone, to w r i t e about Turner--who is Pierce, really; the book is Pierce writing out his o w n fantasies, his own wishes--having his life become intertwined with o t h e r s in service to something larger than their individual interests and pursuits. It must have been satisfying for Pierce to write about the others being a s committed as Turner is to achieving this grand purpose, and to write a b o u t the others giving Turner their loyalty and support and Turner giving h i s loyalty and support to them in return. I think being part of an Order-like group is what Pierce--or better, a part of him--would like in his life. He heads an organization, the National Alliance, and supervises its employees, but I think he dreams of being a valued follower, a rank-and-file member, as Turner is in this book. I s a i d “part of him” in the first sentence of this paragraph because as much a s Pierce wants to be embedded in something bigger than he is, when i t comes down to it, he is a loner and wants to call the shots in his life. Since Pierce broke with Matt Koehl and the NSWPP in 1970, even though he h a s worked in the context of an organization, the National Youth Alliance which became the National Alliance, in a very real sense he has worked alone. This was true even when Kevin Strom was with him. It appears t h a t Strom worked more under Pierce than alongside him, and never really with Pierce in a truly bonded way. From what I have picked up f r o m Pierce, his relationship with Strom was more akin to that of like-minded colleagues than fused brothers as in the Order. At present, Pierce h a s subordinates and followers, and people do things around h i m - - I ' m

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thinking of the activities of the local units in the National Alliance--but h e really doesn't have comrades-in-arms as far as I have been able to see. My read on Pierce is that he goes back and forth: he wants to b e intertwined with others, and at the same time he doesn't, and that t h e latter of the two impulses wins out. However, the other i m p u l s e - - t h e desire to be a “good soldier”--is still there in Pierce, and it manifests itself in this section of The Turner Diaries. The rest of the book goes back and forth between what amounts t o mini-lectures by Turner/Pierce on the state of the world and increasingly horrific acts of violence on the part of the Organization. Briefly, some of the lectures: • Liberalism is an infantile, pseudo-sophisticated, submissive w o r l d view that is alien to white people. It is an "egalitarian plague."2 7 • Conservatism is a reformist mentality that either won't or can't come to grips with the deep futility of the current social arrangements a n d the need to build something radically and fundamentally different in i t s place. 2 8 • The women's movement is an aberration promoted by the S y s t e m to divide white men and women and thus set the race off against itself.2 9 • Blacks have exerted an increasingly degenerative influence o n white culture; in order to live in a wholesome way that is natural t o whites, whites need their own living-space, completely separate f r o m blacks. 3 0 • Most Americans are drowning in a flood of Jewish-liberal propaganda in the media, the schools, and the churches, and don't e v e n realize it. They have become soft, materialistic herd animals, t r u e democrats, without racial identity and loyalty, and without heroic toughness and spirit. 3 1 • We need to dare to envision walking the streets and seeing only "clean, happy, enthusiastic, White faces, determined and hopeful for t h e future." We need to imagine what it would be like if the streets were ours again. 3 2 And some examples of the violence: • The Washington Post offices are bombed and one of its Jewish editorial writers is blown in half with two blasts from a sawed-off shotgun. 3 3 • One of the Organization's members is executed for refusing a n assignment to assassinate a priest and a rabbi who have advocated r a c e mixing. 5 4 • Mortar shells rain down on the Capitol in Washington killing sixtyone ("beautiful blossoms," "magnificent spectacle"). 3 5

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• A bazooka shoots down an airliner heading for Tel Aviv.3 6 • Three young black males and one of the two white girls with t h e m are killed with a crowbar. The other girl is shot and killed as she tries t o flee. 3 7 • The Israeli embassy is mortared, leaving nothing but a b u r n e d - o u t heap of wreckage and killing all but a few of the three hundred people inside. 3 8 • Houston is bombed, killing four thousand and leaving much of Houston's industrial and shipping facilities a smoldering wreckage. L a t e r explosions close the Houston airport, destroy the city's main p o w e r generating station, and collapse two strategically located overpasses and a bridge. 3 9 • Blacks are shot at random all over the country amid shouts of "White power!" 4 0 • Execution squads shoot, stab, and beat Jews, whose bodies a r e found strewn on sidewalks, alleys, and in apartment building hallways. 4 1 • Jews and everyone who looks as if he has some non-white a n c e s t r y are marched off in columns on a "no-return" march to a canyon.4 2 • Nuclear blasts kill fourteen million people outright in New York City, with another five million expected to die of burns or radiation.4 3 • The most widely discussed episode in the book: the "Day of t h e Rope." The whites in Los Angeles who have "betrayed their race" m e e t their fate. Turner writes in his diary: August 1, 1993. Today was the Day of the Rope... [T]he night is filled with silent horrors; from tens of thousands of lampposts, power poles, and trees throughout this vast metropolitan a r e a the grisly forms hang...At practically every street corner I passed this evening on my way to HQ there was a dangling corpse, four at every intersection. Hanging from a single overpass only about a mile from here is a group of about 3 0 , each with an identical placard around its neck bearing t h e printed legend, "I betrayed my race."....In the middle of one of the unlighted blocks I saw what appeared to be a p e r s o n standing on the sidewalk directly in front of me. As I approached the silent figure, whose features were hidden i n the shadow of a large tree overhanging the sidewalk, i t remained motionless, blocking my way....Then, when I w a s within a dozen feet of the figure, which had been facing a w a y from me, it began turning slowly toward me. [I saw] t h e horribly bloated purplish face of a young woman, her e y e s wide open and bulging, her mouth agape. Finally, I could m a k e

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out the thin vertical branches above. 4 4

line of a rope disappearing

into t h e

The last of Turner’s diary entries is dated November 9th, 1993. He writes, "It's still three hours until first light, and all systems are 'go'."45 This is t h e day Turner will fly off in his old cropduster plane and, staying very low t o the ground, destroy the Pentagon with a nuclear bomb. He will lose his life in the process and achieve the recognition and gratitude of his r a c e forever. Katherine had been killed a couple of months before in a shootout with blacks that had begun when one of the blacks had made a sexual advance on her. Turner had been separated from the Order because while a captive he had broken his Oath. He had revealed information about t h e Order after being tortured at the direction of a member of Israeli Military Intelligence instead of taking the cyanide that he had been given to use i n such a circumstance. Turner escaped his captors and was put on trial a n d convicted by an Order tribunal. He was told that his probationary status i n the Order would be extended (he had not yet gone through the rite of Union that would make him a full member) if he took on the mission o n which he was to embark, a mission "whose successful completion c a n reasonably be expected to result in your death.” Just before the mission, he would be allowed to participate in the rite of Union and become a full member of the Order. 4 6 Two days before this last day of his life, Turner had undergone t h e Order's rite of Union. In his last diary entry he describes the others w h o participated in the ceremony as "real m e n , W h i t e men, men who are n o w one with me in spirit and consciousness as well as in blood."4 7 He notes that the plane's engine has been warming up for about t e n minutes, and that he was being signaled that it was time to go.48 The d i a r y ends at this point. In the epilogue, Macdonald tells us that Turner's mission was successful but that he lost his life in the undertaking. The war raged on, with tens of millions perishing. Macdonald notes that in the process "millions of soft, city-bred, brainwashed Whites gradually began regaining their 49 On January 30th, 1999, the Organization achieved total manhood." victory and the Truce of Omaha was signed. Then came the mopping up exercise: "The last of the non-White bands were hunted down and exterminated, followed by the final purge of undesirable racial elements among the remaining White population." 5 0

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The conflict then spread worldwide and a white government came t o control the world on the "Great One's” (Hitler's) o n e - h u n d r e d - a n d - t e n t h birthday, April 20, 1999. 51 Hitler's dream is realized. As for Earl Turner, he has been a gallant warrior for his race, and h e will live on in the minds of his people as long as they exist.

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1 1 ____________ PIERCE ON THE TURNER DIARIES "You know what the first line of your obituary is going to be, don't you?" I said to Pierce. "Well, it depends on when I die, before or after the revolution," h e answered. "Let's say before the revolution." "And you're talking about in the New York Times. " "Yes. It is sure to say something like, 'William Pierce, author of t h e white supremacist novel, The Turner Diaries, died today.' I would a s s u m e that just about everybody links you up with that book--especially with all the notoriety around the Tim McVeigh connection. Probably to a lot of people you and the book are synonymous." "Yes, I realize that, at this point anyway, I'm pretty much identified with The Turner Diaries in people's minds." "When you talked to Revilo Oliver, he said you had to get to t h e people who only do recreational reading. Was that your audience for t h i s book?" "I did think that this kind of book would get to people who wouldn't be likely to read my other material. Initially at least, the people who got into the book were predominantly those who don't read much besides adventure fiction. But then of course the book began getting publicity a n d other people wanted to see what the fuss was about, so eventually t h e book got read by many different types of people. Although I must s a y that many of the lower-class white people who are affected by the book are not the kinds of people I am trying to recruit, because they are n o t particularly useful people. They don't have good character, and they a r e n ' t really strong and capable people. But I did reach some very fine people through the book who I'm sure I wouldn't have otherwise. "I think the main thing, though, is that the book made a big impact on the public consciousness--it's become a household word. There was a story I read in the Village Voice [newspaper in New York City] about six months ago. There was a fellow named Turner--Harry Turner, I think i t was--who was a highway commissioner or something like that, s o m e political job. He was caught up in some kind of scandal or controversy. Anyway, the headline in the article had ‘Turner Diaries’ in it--I guess t h e y thought that would be a cute headline. But really the book had nothing t o

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do with the story. It was just that this guy's name was Turner and t h e headline writer figured that everybody would get the reference. I r e a d that and I thought to myself, 'We've arrived!'" (Another example of how The Turner Diaries and Pierce seemingly have entered the mainstream culture: In the 1999 Jeff Bridges film, Arlington Road, as in Pierce’s book, the FBI headquarters building i n Washington is blown up and a delivery truck is involved. Also, the Bridges character’s wife is killed tracking down an extreme right-wing figure i n West Virginia by the name of Parsons.) "I think you're right," I concurred, "The Turner Diaries has had a n impact on the public consciousness. But I do think that the associations most people have are very negative ones. At least the people I tend to b e around--I'm talking about middle-class professional types, people who s e e themselves as informed, enlightened, reasonable, and moral--say to m e 'I've got no time to read that ignorant, racist garbage, nor do I have a n y time for anybody who produces that sort of material. How could somebody have written such a hateful, violent book? What in the w o r l d did he think he was doing?' How do you respond to people like t h a t ? What do you say to them?" "The Turner Diaries and Hunter 1 and everything else I write are n o t pieces of propaganda designed by marketing experts. They'd say 'Here a r e the elements you need to have in it, and here's what you have to avoid. Punch these buttons to appeal to the housewives and these over here t o get the small businessmen,' and so forth. I didn’t do that. I suppose I might have tried to write in that sort of calculated way, and I'm not s u r e how it would have come out. As far as I went in that direction was to b u y into Oliver's idea that I ought to try fiction as a medium to get my message across. “What I did with The Turner Diaries was imagine myself a m e m b e r of a revolutionary organization, Earl Turner. I put myself inside his s k i n and looked at the fictional situation I had created through his eyes. Or maybe it is through my eyes; it is kind of me as Earl and Earl as m e . Anyway, I tried to imagine how I would react to the various situations h e was in, what I would do, and how other people in the Organization w o u l d react and behave, and proceeded from there. What came out of that is going to get a more sympathetic reading from people with a similar mentality to mine, I understand that. "This book is not going to get a big response from somebody who h a s a basically mercantile outlook or a feminist-conditioned turn of mind. I t isn't going to get a receptive response from, say, an intelligent person w h o is concerned about all the problems he sees around him--racial conflict, t h e effects of economic globalization, the de-industrialization of this country, the breakdown of morality in America, the negative influence of television

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and the other media--but who just wants those problems to go a w a y without it putting him out or having things get messy. He's worried a b o u t crime because it keeps him from enjoying his life in the way he would like. His business has been held up or burglarized a couple of times. Now, t h a t is a hell of a big nuisance to him--it costs a lot for insurance for one thing. He'd like somebody to do something about all these problems, that's f o r sure, but, really, he doesn't give a damn about the fundamental things I was concerned with in The Turner Diaries. He just wants the p r o b l e m s fixed so he can enjoy his life without interference. “People like that aren't going take to the book. They're going to say, 'My God, a revolution! Oh, that would be bad for business, terrible f o r profits.’ Or they'd turn pale at the idea of all the bloodshed and suffering and violence that goes along with cleaning up the mess we are in and t h a t is in the book. But I wasn't putting that in because I'm bloodthirsty or a n anarchist or just trying to shock anybody. It's there because I think that is the way history works, that when the old order gives way to the n e w order usually there is widespread bloodshed, suffering, and chaos. So I just wrote it the way I imagine things like this happen. "Now if I had wanted to appeal to your average middle-class consumer, then I would have described the problems The Turner Diaries deals with in a muted, euphemistic way, and then I would have had a knight-on-white-horse politician appear on the scene--we can both t h i n k of some possibilities to use as a prototype for this character--and he'd w i n the election and fight the bad guys, and lo and behold! America would b e restored to its pristine state of 1925 or so: blacks would be back in t h e i r place, crime under control, children not smart-assing their parents, and s o on--all with no big upset to the lifestyle of ‘Mr. Sunday New York Times.’ Yes, he would have related to that because that resonates with h i s mentality. "But even if I had tried to write a book like that it wouldn't have h a d much vitality. I just couldn't put my spirit into something like that. I wrote it the way I did, and some people read it--not the ones we've b e e n talking about, but other people, and a lot of them--and it knocks them off their chair. They really relate to the book. 'Damn, this makes sense!' t h e y think--and the ideas stick in their minds, and it's not just a m o m e n t a r y thing. They join the National Alliance and go from there, different f r o m the way they'd done things before. “So while some people r e a d The Turner Diaries and are horrified, there are many others who are deeply affected by the book. And c o n t r a r y to what the ‘horrifieds’ believe, these others and I are not their inferiors. If these horrified people are really going to understand the ideas a n d incidents in the book, they are going to have to come to grips with the fact that their reaction to these incidents has to do with the limits in t h e i r

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mentality as much or more than the limits they attribute to my m e n t a l i t y or that of the people who like the book. "Of course many people who don't like it haven't even read the book. They've only heard about it from talking to other people, or they h a v e read about in the newspaper or seen references to it on television. But they still think they know about it and therefore have an opinion about it. Most of them are sheep. They go wherever the rest of the herd is going. They believe whatever the New York Times or the networks or the N e w Republic tells them they should believe. Whatever the accepted, p r o p e r response to the book is, that is where they are--you can bet on it. “I have a stack of reviews this thick telling people what the p r o p e r response to the book is. Nobody who writes for the mainstream p r e s s approves of the book. They all say either that this is a terrible book a n d obviously the work of a madman or--and actually this is more flattering-that this is a very dangerous book. So for the people who make sure t h e y are on the side of those in the know, they are getting some clear direction on what to think about the book and me. “Although nobody around here is likely to ever see it, one r e v i e w e r from the Johannesburg Star in South Africa wrote what I thought was a decent review of The Turner Diaries. He didn't really approve of the book, but he acknowledged that the book hits the nail on the head about t h e problems we're facing and that everybody ought to read the book. He s a i d it is a radical book, an extreme book, but it has a lot of very t h o u g h t provoking things in it. I like that." "At one point in The Turner Diaries," I said to Pierce, “you have Jews and ‘near-whites,’ as you call them, out in California being marched off t o extermination. People ask me, 'What is he getting at here? Is this what h e wants? Is he advocating this kind of thing?' What are you trying to s a y with that?" "You've got to remember t h a t The Turner Diaries is a novel. It is fiction, and therefore by definition it is not a book of advocacy. What I d i d try to do, however, is make it realistic. What do these sheltered m i d d l e class consumers think went on over in the Balkans among the Serbs a n d Bosnians and Muslims? They have tortured and slaughtered each o t h e r wholesale over there. What do they think ethnic cleansing is? This is t h e kind of thing that has been going on since the beginning of time. It is real, it's the way people behave, and just because this crowd has been insulated from these realities doesn't mean they don't exist. Certainly it went on all through World War II, a period of history I personally care a lot about. I t is true that everybody has heard about how the Germans cleansed t h e i r nation of Jews--in fact, it seems that is all we have heard about, over a n d over. But what we don't hear about is what happened to the Germans w h o were expelled from countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia. Two million

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Germans died in that process. My point is that this sort of thing has b e e n commonplace in the world. I'm simply reflecting reality." "But weren't you afraid that writing a book like this would exile y o u to the fringe of American life, marginalize you, make you look like a n extremist, outside the boundaries of acceptability?" "I know that if I tell the truth as I see it I will become a social outcast from the part of society that takes its cues from the authorities a n d the news media and [movie director] Steven Spielberg and the rest. I will be cast into the outer darkness, I realize that. But then again, if y o u yourself write a book that gets outside of today's acceptable discourse a n d somehow it manages to get published, you'll never get invited to a n o t h e r faculty party, and you'd better already be tenured and tough as leather." "The book ends with Turner's suicide mission, destroying t h e Pentagon with a nuclear bomb. Why did you end the book that way?" “When I began the tabloid installments that turned out to be T h e Turner Diaries, I had a situation, that's pretty much it. There was t h e Organization and it was trying to get rid of the government and t h e government was trying to get rid of it. They were fighting each other. How would it go? I imagined some things, but I didn't have the whole thing plotted out. I went chapter by chapter, one chapter per installment. I tried to get one explosive or charged-up incident in each episode to k e e p the readers interested, and I tried to get my lessons in. "One of the lessons I tried to get across had to do with responsibility. A person is responsible for his actions, including the failure to act. Earl Turner was a good guy, but he did act irresponsibly [when he broke u n d e r torture and revealed information about the Order instead of taking cyanide as he had been instructed to do]. He broke the rules, and as a consequence the Organization suffered substantial damage. He was sentenced to d e a t h for that and then given a reprieve and given a chance to make up for w h a t he had done--that's the Pentagon mission [the last episode in the book where Turner dies dropping a nuclear bomb on the Pentagon]. Turner s a w it as fair and proper that it went that way. "The Organization was in a precarious situation. The government w a s getting its act together and eventually would have attacked its enclave i n California. The Organization had to prevent that, and they did it b y destroying the System's command and control center at the Pentagon i n Washington. It was really hard to do because the government had cleaned out the whole area around the Pentagon to keep anybody from getting a bomb in there on the ground. They had put up blast shutters and b e a m s around the Pentagon and wouldn't let anyone get within two miles of t h e place. They knew the Organization had nuclear weapons it had gotten from the air force base. So the only way the Organization could get a b o m b in was through an aerial attack. If they had had high-tech and more t i m e

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they might have made a remote-control bomb, stolen a Tomahawk missile or something, but they didn't, so they went the low-tech approach, put t h e bomb in the back seat of a cropduster, and Turner got in and flew t h e damn thing into the Pentagon and succeeded in his mission. It was t h e responsible thing for him to do, and it saved the day and it made a h e r o out of him, and I thought it was a good ending for the book.”

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1 2 ____________ TIMOTHY MCVEIGH "Of course you always will be linked with Timothy McVeigh," I said t o Pierce. "Unfortunately I have never met Tim McVeigh,” he replied, “although I must say it seems that he and Bob Mathews have a lot in common." (Bob Mathews, a National Alliance member who was inspired by The T u r n e r Diaries, formed an Order of his own in the 1980s with bloody consequences. More on Mathews later.) "When you first heard about it, what was your reaction to t h e bombing at Oklahoma City?" I asked Pierce. "It took a while for enough facts to become public so I could start t o figure out what happened. I was watching the news one evening a n d there was this story about a huge bomb having destroyed a federal building in Oklahoma City. I figured that probably it was a terrorist bomb, so I was very excited. ‘What does it mean?’ I asked myself. ‘Will there b e more bombings?’ That's what went through my mind, but I really d i d n ' t know what was going on. It took a couple of hours for the date to sink i n - April 19th, the second anniversity of the Waco massacre. I thought t h i s was maybe something one of the Christian Identity groups had done, because some of those outfits are quite militant. But it turned out to b e McVeigh. [The Christian Identity doctrine holds that God’s Chosen People were actually ancestors of today’s Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians. Christian Identity beliefs are foundational to an extremist group based i n Hayden Lake, Idaho called Aryan Nations. 1 ] "Although I have never spoken to McVeigh,” Pierce continued, “I have had contact with his lawyer, Steve Jones. That was prior t o McVeigh's trial. Jones needed some expert advice, and I hope I h e l p e d him. He was concerned that the government would attempt to show t h a t The Turner Diaries gave McVeigh the plan for the bombing. The prosecuters would say 'Here's the blueprint, in this book, and here's a m a n who is identified with the book--he sold the book at gun shows and told his army buddies to read it--so you can see how it all fits together.' "I told Jones I knew he didn't have a lot of time to study The T u r n e r Diaries, so I would point out the connections that the government w a s making that made no sense, and things in the book and the actual case t h a t were clearly different. For one thing, the government is making a lot o u t

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of the fact that the bomb in Oklahoma City went off at something like 9:03 A.M. and the FBI headquarters in The Turner Diaries was bombed at 9:15. It's silly to see any connection there. You mean this guy is sitting in f r o n t of the federal building in Oklahoma City saying to himself, ‘Better not light the fuse yet, got to wait until 9:15, because it's right here in the book'? Absurd. "I also pointed out to Jones that the bomb used at the FBI headquarters in The Turner Diaries was described in detail in the book, and it was entirely different from the one used in Oklahoma City. T h e bomb in the book couldn't have been used as a recipe for the Oklahoma City bomb. The one in the book was an ammonium nitrate fertilizer a n d fuel oil bomb. The one in Oklahoma city consisted of ammonium n i t r a t e fertilizer and nitromethane. Nitromethane is a very powerful liquid explosive. It's used as a rocket fuel and a racing fuel. It's a liquid explosive all by itself, like nitroglycerine, although it is not as sensitive. You can detonate it with a blasting cap or, as McVeigh did, with detonating cord. Nitromethane is nowhere mentioned in The Turner Diaries. W h o e v e r made that bomb for Oklahoma City didn't get the recipe for it from m y book. "Another thing, the media--and deliberately I believe-misinterpreted my book, and then the government went along with it a n d linked McVeigh's actions to that misinterpretation, saying he was doing t h e same thing as the media incorrectly said was in The Turner Diaries. Here's how it worked: The media portrayed the bombing of the FBI building i n The Turner Diaries as an attempt to create a lot of casualties, make a big impact, and send a message to the government. Anybody who has r e a d the book with any care at all knows that is not what went on in the book. The motive of the Organization in the book was to destroy some c o m p u t e r s in the sub-basement of the FBI building that were to be used for a n internal passport system the Organization was very anxious to avoid. T h e people who did that bombing in the book lament the fact that so m a n y innocent people were killed in the operation. They agonize over t h e innocent victims. They weren't trying to kill people or send messages. "I told Jones that in all probability the government was going to go with the media's false account of the book and say that McVeigh took h i s cues from the book and had the same motives. In other words, they w o u l d argue that McVeigh was inspired by something that was never actually i n the book in the first place. I figured this would happen because I honestly don't believe the government people are capable of thinking in any o t h e r way than the way they see things spelled out in the media. They are s o socialized, so politicized, that they can be counted on to parrot whatever is put out for public consumption by the media. So I told Jones to watch f o r that and gave him references in the book to support his points. And s u r e

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enough, the government tried to bulldoze through with the ‘inspired b y The Turner Diaries’ scenario in their opening arguments, and Jones w a s ready for them in rebuttal." "Are you saying you seriously have doubts that McVeigh w a s inspired by your book?" "I believe he was inspired by the Waco massacre. That really pissed him off. He even traveled down there. What went on in The T u r n e r Diaries had nothing to do with what was apparently his intention, and t h a t was to send the government the message, 'You can't do the kind of c r a p you did in Waco, because you are going to get hit back.'" "But doesn't it seem very likely that your book gave McVeigh t h e idea for how to send that message?" "No. As I said before, he obvously had to know more about m a k i n g bombs than I wrote about in The Turner Diaries, because he had a f a r more sophisticated bomb." "Yes, but just the idea of a bomb in a truck." "That's an obvious thing. You don't have to get that from my book. If you want to destroy a large target, you need a large bomb, and the w a y you get it there is in a truck--you don't carry it on your back. That's t h e way they blew up the Marine barracks in Lebanon, and that's how the U.S. Embassy in Beruit was blown up. When the Jews blew up the King David Hotel in Jerusalem [in 1946] they had their explosives in milkcans. So probably what they did was drive up in a truck and carry the milkcans i n on a pushcart or something. Tim was much into military matters, and I would imagine he had access to military manuals on how to make a bomb.” "I understand that they found an envelope with photocopied p a g e s from your book." "They found a xeroxed piece of paper that had quotations f r o m several people, and one of them was from The Turner Diaries. But t h e r e were also quotations from--" "Samuel Adams was one of them, I think." "Could be. Anyway, some well-known figures who made s t a t e m e n t s about tyranny and the responsibility of a free man to fight it and so forth. It was just a passage from The Turner Diaries along with other writings. Actually, I felt I was in good company." "I think the passage was--I wrote it down--from pages sixty-one a n d sixty-two about how the bureaucrats and politicians are not beyond t h e reach of retribution for what they do.” "That could be,” Pierce replied. “I really don't know the details of it." "There were reports that McVeigh was in touch with y o u r organization, the National Alliance, in the weeks before the bombing," I offered.

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“There were five or six telephone calls over a two-day period f r o m McVeigh, or somebody using his telephone credit card, to an answering machine we had in Fort Mohave, Arizona. The calls were made from t h e motel in Kingman, Arizona where apparently McVeigh was staying. W h a t you get when you call that number is a four-minute recorded message a n d then an opportunity to leave your name and address so we can send y o u information and a book catalog. You are also given an address where y o u can write. I don't know whether an address was actually left after t h e message or whether the member administering the machine for us d i d anything. “What I can't figure out is why anybody would call that n u m b e r more than once. Why would anybody call our answering service five or six times? I suppose somebody might call the answering service a second time if he wasn't sure he got the address right the first time, but why call five or six times? What comes to me is that maybe there were t h r e e people in the motel, or four or five over a two day period, and McVeigh said 'Hey, you've got to listen to this message--call this number.' So o n e man would call and say ‘That's really good' and have another person call it." "You have no record that McVeigh called here in West Virginia.” "No. There was a story going around--and it is my suspicion t h a t Morris Dees [of the Southern Poverty Law Center] planted it--that Tim McVeigh called my unlisted number and had a forty-five m i n u t e conversation with me two weeks before the bombing. That isn't true. T h e FBI has a record of the calls placed from every place they could t i e McVeigh to, and none were made to this number." "So you never talked to him, and there was no w r i t t e n correspondence--nothing?" "We had no prior contact with Tim McVeigh," Pierce answered. "Given what you know about McVeigh, what do you think of him?" I asked. "I've never had contact with him, but I have spoken to s e v e r a l people who have, and they think highly of him. They say he is a y o u n g man who behaves like a soldier. He didn't try to wiggle out of this thing. I thought his statement at the end where he quoted Supreme Court Justice Brandeis fit the character of this whole affair very well. Essentially Brandeis said that the government is the teacher of the people, and that i t teaches by example. If you have a government that is lawless, then y o u cannot blame the people if they commit lawless acts. If the g o v e r n m e n t wants its people to obey the law, the government has to obey the law. "Tim probably has a lot in common with Bob Mathews in that he is a very serious man and he took what happened in Waco very seriously. I t really worried him. He probably thought, 'My government is out of

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control. How could they have done what they did? These people in t h a t compound weren't bothering the government, and the government j u s t came in and slaughtered them.' "If they had wanted to arrest this David Koresh they could have d o n e it easily, when he went to town to do his laundry, which he did regularly. They could have gotten his schedule from the local sheriff. But the BATF wanted a media opportunity and said to itself, 'Here's a bunch of crazy cultists who have guns they shouldn't have, and we'll make a big deal of this and get all the TV cameras in there, and this will get us all promotions and a bigger appropriation from Congress next year.' That is what is going through their minds. They think, ‘If a bunch of people get hurt, who cares. They are not like us. They are somebody else. They have a crazy religion. So screw them. We'll use them to get publicity.’ “But the whole thing backfired. Many people saw that after the fact. Certainly Tim could see it, and he figured that a government that would d o a thing like that was really beyond the pale, and that something had to b e done to express public outrage, and, like Bob Mathews, when Tim decided that something ought to be done he didn't leave it to someone else to do it." "In your eyes, was McVeigh morally justified in doing what he did?" "That is a bit complicated. If one is waging a war against t h e government, civilians are going to be killed. But you have to look at t h e bigger picture. Let's say you are trying to save our whole race, as Earl Turner was in The Turner Diaries. You know that there are necessarily going to be casualties in the process of doing that, including a lot of innocent people who didn't want to get involved on either side of t h e conflict. Under a circumstance like that, if it were part of a war, then a bombing of the Oklahoma City sort is morally justified. “But if you are going to engage in a war you have to meet certain requirements. One of them is you have to have a plausible strategy, a p l a n that can be reasonably argued will get you what you want to achieve. I f McVeigh was throwing a single punch to send a message, then its m o r a l justification is debatable. You might well say that this was an o v e r l y expensive message in that case.” "And if McVeigh was in fact inspired by what you wrote, and i t seems to me there is a very good chance that he was, would that t r o u b l e you?" "If that was the case, the only thing that would concern me would b e the legal aspects of it. I would want to be very careful in the future t o have a disclaimer on what I wrote saying this is fiction and not advocacy. I'd have a lawyer craft something and print it in very small type on t h e back of the title page. But the fact of the matter is that we are engaged i n a war for the survival of our people. In a war, people jump the gun, it's not unusual. Often a war is preceded by border incidents, and something

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like Oklahoma City could be a border incident. I feel as sorry as a n y o n e else if a little white kid gets killed in one of these things. For that matter, I feel bad if a white kid gets killed in an automobile accident. But I d o n ' t advocate that we ban automobiles because people get killed in t h e m , including innocent people who might have grown up to be great scientists or poets. In the same way, I am not in favor of calling off a war because some border incidents or battles take innocent lives. Actually, the sooner the war to save our people takes place the better, because even m o r e innocent lives will be lost if we wait. The sooner such a war, the cleaner i t will be. It's going to be a mess later on.”

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1 3 ____________ OUR CAUSE In late 1976, at one of the Sunday night meetings of the National Alliance, Pierce gave a talk called "Our Cause" in which he outlined the Alliance’s (and therefore his) fundamental orientation. A tape exists of the talk, a n d I was able to listen to it. 1 The voice on the tape is of a younger man, less coarse and breathy than now, and the words poured out faster than t h e y do now. The talk was a long one, and there isn't the space here to quote i t verbatim. What follows is my paraphrase of what Pierce told his audience on that Sunday evening a quarter of a century ago. I want to begin this evening by telling you what the National Alliance is not. It is not a better version of a conservative or right wing group, a t least as people usually think of them. What the Alliance is all about cannot be understood by simply plugging it into one of those categories. For example, the Alliance is not interested in restoring the Constitution as i t was originally formulated two hundred years ago. As the Alliance sees it, our Constitution served a certain purpose well for a time, but that time is now past; and in any case, the Constitution's purpose is not in alignment with the Alliance's fundamental purpose. Also, the Alliance is n o t interested in furthering the cause of states’ rights, that is to say, restoring the degree of sovereignty the individual states once had. The Alliance doesn't believe, as many conservatives do, that strong and centralized governmental power is an evil in itself. In fact, we are of the view that a n empowered government will be a necessary vehicle for overcoming m a n y of the obstacles we face as a people. Restoring prayer and bible reading i n the schools? Hardly. Income taxes, abortion, pornography? While t h e Alliance sympathizes more with the right than the left on these issues, they are peripheral to our reason for existence. On some matters, t h e Alliance is closer to the left’s position than the right's. For example, t h e Alliance sides more with those on the left on ecology issues: protection of the natural environment and wildlife and the elimination of pollution. To understand what the Alliance is, what this organization is really all about and how it differs from what conservatives and liberals a r e about, it is important to go beyond labels and the Alliance's position on t h i s or that immediate issue. It is the Alliance's fundamental view of the w o r l d that gives meaning and direction to the organization and those who belong

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to it. Another way to say it, it is the Alliance's frame of reference t h a t distinguishes it as an organization. Only if people fully understand t h i s frame of reference can they move beyond the pigeonholes the Alliance is likely to get placed in--radical right-wing, racist, neo-Nazi, and so on--to a sound comprehension of what the Alliance is and who its members really are. Easy categorizations of the sort that get applied to the Alliance l e a d people to think they know more about us than they do. Plus it gives t h e m the unwarranted assumption there really is no need for them to look into things any further. This is particularly the case when the labels that a r e used are as negatively loaded as the ones that get tacked onto a group s u c h as ours. It is particularly important for members of the Alliance t o understand and ground themselves in--still another term for i t - - t h e philosophy behind the Alliance, or, perhaps the most accurate term of all, the spiritual basis of this organization. Why is this so crucial? Because unlike other organizations, the National Alliance is not directed a t achieving short-term solutions to immediate problems--throwing the b u m s out of Washington or some such thing. Rather, the Alliance r e p r e s e n t s nothing less than an attempt to preserve and elevate our race for t h e countless generations which will follow ours. Our sights are not on t h i s year and next year and the next election, but rather on eternity. A n d because of that, the Alliance is geared to a very long and hard struggle. We must be firmly rooted in the Alliance's fundamental outlook if we a r e to have the strength to sustain ourselves in such an arduous undertaking. A prime purpose of the National Alliance is to help white Americans regain the sense of what is right and wrong for them which had guided them in the past and which they have lost. Along with that, the Alliance seeks to help white Americans better articulate--put into words that h a v e meaning for them--this sense of right and wrong, which up to now h a s been largely intuitive, inarticulate, tacit. In past generations, white Americans acquired a deserved r e p u t a t i o n for being a practical, hard-headed, no-nonsense people. Perhaps w e weren't great thinkers, but we were good problem-solvers. And we d i d n ' t agonize over things; we just went ahead and did whatever it was because it needed to be done for our immediate survival and well-being. For example, we didn't get bent out of shape over whether we were being fair to the Indians when we settled this country. We simply walked over t h e m and kept moving west. We followed our instincts and used our heads a n d our resources and pushed the Indians out. And even as our o w n generation laments all the "bad" things that our ancestors did to the Native Americans, we profit from the fact that our ancestors looked at things a s they did and didn't sit around and moralize and stew over what they w e r e

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doing but instead just got about carving out space for themselves and t h e i r children and their children’s children to live. We made some mistakes in the process of building this country, however, and we have to recognize that fact. These mistakes came out of our tendency not to look at the long-range consequences of what we do, and our susceptibility to being swayed by arguments grounded i n sentimentality which pull us away from being guided by our own instincts and interests. We haven’t been as good as we ought to have been a t answering back when confronted by challenges to the way we t h o u g h t about things and conducted ourselves. The major reason for this is that w e really haven’t had an articulate, all-encompassing worldview--convictions rooted in eternity--to ground and direct us. We more felt our w a y forward. We couldn't really formulate what we were about as a people t o ourselves and others. That left us vulnerable to being pulled off o u r upward path as a race. That is still a failing we have, a failing the National Alliance seeks to do something about. One of the mistakes American whites made was that for economic reasons--we needed hand labor--we brought the Negro into this country. Now, that was a short-sighted move, one that future generations, including our own, have paid for dearly. We were short-sighted there because w e really didn't have the philosophical, or spiritual, basis for being longsighted, for giving weight to anything beyond handling the i m m e d i a t e labor-shortage problem. Another problem that came from having no basis for evaluating t h e long-run effects of things is that we were vulnerable to h e r e - a n d - n o w sentimentality. I am referring to the fuzzy sentimentality of the Uncle Tom's Cabin sort--"Oh, how unfair, immoral, and cruel slavery is!" "Slavery isn't a nice thing to do!"--which contributed to a bloody fratricidal w a r between whites, as well as to dumping three million freed blacks into white society. Our vulnerability to sentimentality also led to our failure t o properly control the flood of immigrants, especially Jews, into this country. It isn't fair to keep anybody out, said the sentimentalists, it isn't r i g h t - - a n d they prevailed. Those who deep-down knew the sort of immigration t h a t was going on would be harmful in the long run to the white people w h o settled this country didn't have a solid rationale to back up their feelings, and thus they had no basis for effectively responding to what was going on. Certainly the churches were of no help to us. The ministers w e r e preaching to us that we are all God's children, black and white, Gentile a n d Jew, to "Do unto others," and that we shouldn't challenge anything t h e sentimentalists wanted to see happen. All the way along, as a matter of fact, the Christian church has been at the forefront of the Jewish assault o n our values and institutions. The church is so in hock to the Jews that it is

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now busily trying to re-write the New Testament in order to excise t h e parts of it that the Jews find offensive, such as the Jewish responsibility for the crucifixion of Christ. A major reason that whites lost contact with their basic instincts as a people over the past decades is because we were asked questions that w e couldn't answer well, even to our own ears. The Jews have taken over t h e media and the educational system, and through these vehicles they h a v e asked whites some very tough questions. Why is race-mixing so b a d ? Why--really--is homosexuality such a bad thing? Why shouldn't people of the different races, or of the same sex, live together and have sex with o n e another if that makes them happy? Well, why shouldn't they? The Jews kept hammering away at white America--probing, prying. [I have noticed that in past years--this is a paraphrase of a 1976 talk, r e m e m b e r - - t h e villain in Pierce's expressions was the Jews alone. These years, he often broadens it and talks about Jews, liberals, and feminists as being t h e problem--which is not to say he still isn't prone to singling out and railing against Jews.] The Jews asked questions. They raised doubts. What y o u people believe isn't justified, they told us. It isn't true. It isn't right. W h a t supports what you believe? When we were asked those questions, w e really didn't have good answers to them. Before, we hadn't n e e d e d answers. We just intuitively knew what worked for us. It was in o u r bones, in our souls, that interracial sex and homosexuality weren't good f o r our people. We hadn't really needed to spell out the answer as to exactly why they weren’t. We just knew it. But that kind of subjective truth wasn't good enough any longer. W e began to be pressed to express exactly why things are so for us, and w e really couldn't. And when we couldn't provide answers, the Jews p r o v i d e d their answers. Over and over and over they did. Their answers were i n the newspapers, on television, in the movies, in books and magazines, a n d in the school textbooks. And as time went on, their answers came to b e our answers. We lost contact with the deep inner source of answers t h a t had served our people so well in prior times. The objections of whites who opposed the Jews' answers were w e a k and easily dismissed. Whites would say things like, "Interracial couples and their children won't be happy because children of mixed race won't b e accepted by either whites or blacks." The problem with that kind of objection is that it grows out of the very premise that the Jews are t r y i n g to sell to us: that personal happiness and not the continuity of our r a c e should be the criterion for choosing a marriage partner. We didn't have a counterargument to that premise grounded in an alternative premise t h a t could stand up to scrutiny. So eventually whites caved in. We lost. What they pounded at u s raised so many doubts in us that we lost all faith--all connection, really--to

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what previously we had known in our gut was right for our kind. Our ethics, our code of behavior, our feelings, our morality--all of it went d o w n the drain. What replaced it was a new morality that comes down to this: if something makes people happy and contented, then it is right. In a nutshell, what our children are taught in school is that progress can b e equated with more happiness for more people, and that happiness is feeling good. And it's that kind of morality that is bringing us down as a race, and will continue to bring us down unless we do something about it. You probably have seen that Coca Cola commercial that plays all t h e time on television. [This is 1976, remember.] It shows a ring of t w e n t y people or so, of all races and both sexes, and they are obviously as h a p p y and carefree as they can possibly be. They are holding hands and singing "I'd like to give the world a Coke"--that is to say, I'd like to give e v e r y b o d y the kind of bliss we have. There are some very compelling premises a b o u t life that are imbedded in that commercial and the thousands like it, a n d average white kids are going to pick it up. It is an image of life that has a great deal of surface appeal: life is about feeling good, and you feel good b y consuming things. After literally thousands of such messages in commercials and i n popular music and elsewhere, young people take on this attitude t o w a r d life. And it follows naturally from this basic attitude that since all ra c e s are equal and essentially the same--another "answer" drummed into whites hard, that all races are equal in intelligence, creativity, civilizationbuilding capacity, and so on--and since they can all be happy doing t h e same things, and happiness, remember, is what really counts, then w h y should anybody worry about race? If pleasure is the basis for judgment, then race doesn't matter. Just as Coke is pleasurable when shared w i t h people of other races, so too is sex, another pleasurable activity. Sex is j u s t as pleasurable whether it is with a black or a white. Really, if life is about feeling good in this lifetime, why concern yourself at all about your own race? Why worry about whether y o u r children or grandchildren are mulattos? What does that have to do w i t h anything? A Coke will taste just as good to them whatever their race. Sex will feel just as good to them. Cars and TVs will be just as gratifying f o r them to own. Who cares about race, and particularly who cares about t h e white race, whose oppressive and violent conduct throughout history doesn't warrant anybody caring about it--another "answer" we've taken in. I remember one time I was invited to talk to a secondary school class. The topic of my presentation that day was white Americans' need t o develop a sense of racial identity and pride. After my talk, I opened it u p for questions and a white student asked me why it was so important f o r the white race to survive. I was at a loss for words for a moment, a n d

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before I could respond another student in the class who looked Jewish t o me began to answer the first student's question. There is no good reason for whites to survive, this second s t u d e n t said. All white people have done throughout history is oppress and exploit other people, and they've given nothing to the world except the knowledge of how to kill people effectively. Other races, this student said, h a v e contributed to making people happier and more comfortable. The s t u d e n t then listed names of individuals who had made positive contributions, all Jews I noticed: Freud, Salk [the developer of the polio vaccine], Einstein, and some others. I asked this second student whether he was a Jew. T h e student answered that yes, he was, and that he was proud of that fact. The whole class applauded this student. I could see that the w h i t e s in that class had been the subject of so much moral intimidation, had b e e n so pumped full of racial guilt and self-disdain, that they had virtually n o positive racial identity and no racial commitment. Their minds had b e e n twisted, and no one among them had really noticed it happening. That is how bad things have gotten for our race. I could have told the students that while the Jews are clever, t h e y haven't done everything worthwhile in the world. I could have made t h e point that racial differences are more than skin deep. I could have gotten into IQ scores and historical examples of how civilizations have c r u m b l e d when the race that built them began intermarrying with the subjugated peoples. But the students would not have heard me. They had no basis f o r hearing me. They had no connection to the deep inner source from which our profound intuitive truths about race spring. All they had was the slick plastic world view of the Coca Cola commercial, the feel-good c o n s u m e r world of owning and enjoying. There was nothing I could have said t o these students against sleeping with blacks or taking dope o r experimenting with homosexuality that they would have been able t o relate to. All these things feel good, don't they? And feeling good is w h a t life is about, isn't it? So what's the big deal? That would have been t h e i r response. These liberal students were not really different from t h e businessmen back in the 1950s who were segregationists and then t u r n e d around and became integrationists. Their answers hadn't been good enough, and over time they caved in and bought into egoism a n d materialism. Riots and social unrest were upsetting for them and bad f o r business, so they got on board. And why not? The purpose of life is t o achieve happiness and make money and have a new house and cars a n d lots of diversions and entertainments, isn't it? If that is what life is a b o u t to these people, if they have accepted that idea, if that is all t h e y understand, if eternity means nothing to them, if their lives have n o

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meaning beyond what they can experience in this life, if race is beside t h e point, then, indeed, why not become an integrationist? The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer said that the most any m a n can hope for is a heroic passage through life. To Schopenhauer, and to t h e National Alliance, greatness, not happiness or status or material success, is the mark of a good life. We can't all realistically aspire to being heroic i n battle. But we can adopt a heroic attitude toward life and live w i t h eternity in mind. We can choose to live with the attitude that t h e individual is not an end in himself but rather is one who lives for a n d through something greater--his racial community--which is eternal. This conception of life is diametrically opposed to the view of life that is s o pervasive among white Americans in our time. Too many of us h a v e chosen happiness and this moment instead of greatness and eternity. W e have become a race of self-seekers concerned with one thing: selfgratification. It was not that white people in prior times weren't concerned a b o u t their own welfare. Of course they were. It's that this happiness-seeking, materialistic outlook has a stronger grip on the average person t h a n before. And what is really important, and distressing, is that this outlook has a grip on those who set the tone, set the direction, for our people: o u r political leaders, educators, poets, philosophers, and priests and ministers. This way of holding the meaning of our lives has permeated o u r souls as a race to the point that we have become spiritually ill. And w h e n I say that I don't mean that I think we are ill because we have sinned a n d some anthropomorphic deity, some heavenly Father sitting on his throne i n the sky, is punishing us. I'm not saying that "somebody up there" is keeping us from overcoming our enemies because we are not fulfilling His commandments. That is nonsense. We are not being punished by s o m e supernatural being. We are in trouble as a race for the same reason t h a t an explorer at sea is in trouble when he has been distracted from his t r u e destination and loses his compass and can't see the sky through the d e n s e fog. Our race is like a ship without a compass. Various factions in t h e crew are arguing about which way to steer, but no one really knows which way the ship is headed. We've lost our sense of direction. We no longer have a distant fixed star to guide on. Actually, it is even worse than that. We've lost our ability to follow a distant star even if we could see one. W e are like a race without a soul, and that is a fatal condition. No p u r e l y political program can have any real value for us in the long run unless w e get our souls back, unless we learn once again how to be true to our i n n e r nature. White Americans are in a mess, and we are in grave danger of being in a worse mess as time goes on. We have reached the point w h e r e we will never overcome the problems we face unless we cure ourselves.

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But as bad as things are, there is hope that we will cure ourselves. T h e hope comes from the fact that while our basic nature as a people and o u r path as a race have been submerged and trampled, they have not b e e n totally destroyed. They are still there if we look hard enough. Deep down, we k n o w that the course we are taking in this society is wrong, unnatural, evil. We k n o w that it is wrong to accept the "I'm all right, Jack" a t t i t u d e which prevails today. Deep within us, we k n o w that it is wrong to live only for the present and to forget the past and ignore the future. We k n o w it is wrong to have instant self-gratification as the only goal in life. We know these things for the same reason that despite the artificial fashions of the day we are attracted to beauty and nobility and repelled b y the ugly and the base. We know these things because deep within all of us, deep within our race souls, there is a source of divine wisdom, an a g e s old wisdom, a wisdom as old as the universe. This wisdom is a truth t h a t most of us have been largely unconscious of all our lives. We have n o t been given the opportunity and invited to contact and understand t h a t wisdom, but it is still there even if it is obscured. The National Alliance wants to make this truth, our truth, available and known. It is the truth that tells us that no man, no race--not even t h e planet--exists as an end in itself. Only the totality exists for itself. T h e universe is the physical manifestation of the whole. It is a whole that is continually changing. It is evolving toward ever more complex, h i g h e r states of existence. The development of life on earth from non-living matter was one step in this process. The evolution of man-like c r e a t u r e s from more primitive beings was another step. The diversification of t h e s e creatures into the various races and sub-races and their evolution i n different parts of the world and at different rates is a continuation of t h a t process. This evolution yields more and more highly developed physical forms. There is an urge, a divine spark, to achieve complete selfrealization. For our race, it is the impulse to move toward our highest s t a t e of being in every aspect--physical, mental, cultural, and spiritual. It is also the impulse toward higher and higher self-consciousness, that is to say, a more highly developed consciousness of the whole of which each being a n d type of being is an element. This process has brought us to the verge of a full understanding that we are in fact a part of the Creator. We are t h e manifestation and the substance by which the Creator--the whole of which we are an aspect--can continue its evolution toward self-realization. W h e n we understand this, and when we heed the divine spark within us, t h e n once again can we resume ascending the upward path that has led us f r o m sub-man to man and that can now lead us from man to Superman a n d beyond.

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No other race can take our path. We will only regain our way along our path when we understand fully that is our responsibility to do i t ourselves. We are not the playthings of God. We must will ourselves to d o what is necessary to fulfill our ordained destiny as a race. We m u s t recognize and accept our responsibility for the future of our people; it r e s t s in our hands. That is an awesome responsibility, but it is a bearable o n e when we recognize that we embody the divine spark which is the u p w a r d driving urge of the universe. This recognition bestows upon us the m o r a l authority to do whatever is necessary to carry out our responsibility. We in the National Alliance accept responsibility for realizing o u r glorious destiny. We accept responsibility for abiding by the demands of our convictions. If we fail in our responsibility, we and our kind will p a s s away forever. All of the dreams and sacrifices of our ancestors will h a v e been in vain. There will not be even a memory of us or our kind left. Living our lives rooted in an understanding of that fact sets us apart a n d marks us as adults in a world of children. Being an adult has i t s challenges, but it also has its rewards. While other men live lives that a r e essentially without meaning and leave no trace behind them after t h e i r lives have ended, we are living and working for the sake of eternity and i n so doing are becoming a part of that eternity. Thus the National Alliance helps our people to find their way once again to their right and natural path. It helps them find harmony with t h e whole. Our purpose is the purpose for which the earth was born out of t h e gas and the dust of the cosmos; the purpose for which the first a m p h i b i a n crawled out of the sea three hundred million years ago and learned how t o live on the land; the purpose for which the first race of men h e l d themselves apart from the races of submen and bred only with their o w n kind. It is the purpose for which men first captured lightning from the s k y and tamed it and called it fire; the purpose for which our ancestors built the world's first astronomical observatory on a British plain more t h a n four thousand years ago. It is the purpose for which Jesus the Galilean fought the Jews and died two thousand years ago; the purpose for which Rembrandt painted and Shakespeare wrote and Newton pondered. Our purpose, the purpose with which we must become obsessed, is t h e purpose for which the best, the noblest men and women of our race d o w n through the ages, have struggled and died, whether they were fully conscious of it or not; the purpose for which they sought beauty a n d created beauty; the purpose for which they studied the heavens a n d taught themselves nature’s mysteries; the purpose for which they fought the degenerative, the regressive, and the evil forces all around them; t h e purpose for which instead of taking the easy path in life, the d o w n w a r d path, they chose the upward path, regardless of the pain and the suffering this choice entailed.

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We in the National Alliance are safeguarding the future of our race. We are building a new order of beauty, sanity, strength, and health o n earth--an order where our people can progress and mature to where t h e y are capable of fulfilling the role allotted them by the Creator. If we are fit, if we once again heed the inner knowledge in our souls which has b e e n endowed us by the Creator, if we regain what we once knew was t r u e without fully understanding why, if we teach ourselves why, then once again will we be on the upward path ordained to us toward our d e s t i n y - godhood. We in the National Alliance believe our first and most important t a s k is to help our people make the spiritual advances, achieve the m o r a l victories, and bring about the gains in consciousness and u n d e r s t a n d i n g that will allow us to head in the direction we are meant to travel. That is why we are not so focused, not now anyway, on the current political, economic, and social issues of the day, as pressing as they are. We take t h e long-run and not the short-run approach. Tax rebellion or getting out of the UN won't solve the real problem, and that is the loss of our souls. W e believe that without first establishing the spiritual basis we will n e v e r achieve the material or tactical victories we seek. That is why the National Alliance represents an effort to build a spiritual foundation for a cultural and social movement. This is not to say we don't take stands on the various issues of t h e day--we do. But to join us you don't have to agree with us on every one of those positions on those particular issues. What you do need to accept is that you are a part of the whole that is the Creator. And that your p u r p o s e is the Creator's purpose, and that is the ever-ascending path of life symbolized by the Life Rune that we have adopted as our emblem. It is the path that leads ever upward toward self-realization. It is the d e s t i n y of those who follow this path to achieve godhood. That is what you m u s t believe in your heart to join us. And you must agree not to let t h e enticements of a comfortable, cozy life get in the way of living i n accordance with that belief. That is the choice you must make to join us. One of the things I find notable about this 1976 Sunday evening talk is i t s spiritual overtone. There were the references to “the Creator,” “divine spark,” and “godhead.” There were statements such as, “We in the National Alliance believe our first and most important task is to help our people make the spiritual advances....” And elsewhere: “The National Alliance represents an effort to build a spiritual foundation for a cultural and social movement.” What is this spiritual--I think the word religious applies--talk about? It turns out that during the early 1970s Pierce formulated a religious orientation to guide his life and work he called Cosmotheism. To understand Pierce, how he saw things then and sees them now, t h e

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direction his life has taken, what he has attempted to accomplish, it is crucial to understand what Cosmotheism is about. We move to that next.

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1 4 ____________ COSMOTHEISM Pierce told me that during the early 1970s he formulated a r a c e - b a s e d religious orientation to provide the spiritual basis for the direction he w a s taking with the National Alliance. He needed a name for what he had p u t together, he said, and he came up with Cosmotheism. He’s not s u r e whether he ran across the term in an encyclopedia or made it up. One d a y when I was in his office with him in West Virginia, I asked him to help m e understand what Cosmotheism was about. He rose from his desk and w e n t to a file drawer and pulled out some pamphlets, sorted through them a bit, and then handed three of them to me. "You can look these over. I w r o t e them on Cosmotheism back in the late 1970s. They are going to sound a little naive, but here they are." I spent a minute or two looking them over. The three p a m p h l e t s were each about twenty pages in length and had the Life Rune prominently displayed on their covers. The pamphlets inform the r e a d e r that the Life Rune, or Rune of Life, is the insignia worn by the members of the Cosmotheist Community on their jacket lapels or blouses. Of course, i t is also the symbol of the National Alliance. The Life Rune is one of t h e characters in an ancient alphabet of northern Europe and represents t h e processes of birth and renewal. The Cosmotheist literature says that i t signifies "the upward Path of Life which we strive to follow."1 As I was paging through the pamphlets, I noted that they w e r e written in stilted, bible-like prose. One of the them, entitled The Path, was printed in 1977. The second, On Living Things, was printed in 1 9 7 9 . The third, On Society, was printed in 1984. They were produced by t h e Cosmotheist Organization, not the National Alliance. I asked Pierce a b o u t this Cosmotheist Organization. "The National Alliance came first.” Pierce replied. “We had meetings every Sunday evening at our offices in Washington. Members of t h e Alliance were invited to bring other people, and a variety of people showed up. In fact, too big a variety--but I'll get into that. One of t h e more interesting people who came, I remember, was John Gant. Gant h a d degrees in both medicine and physics, and he was a professor at George Washington University. He did medical research and was a consultant t o the Air Force. He was also an amateur astronomer--as matter of fact, t h e r e is a crater on the moon named after him. He died about fifteen years ago,

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and I inherited some astronomical instruments from him. So I had people like that coming to the Sunday night meetings. "On those Sunday nights, I'd show movies that I got from the local library. They were from a series called Civilization hosted by a n Englishman named Kenneth Clark. I think the series may have played o n PBS. [It did.] Clark was a fairly subtle man. While he never spoke o u t directly about racial matters, there were a lot of implicit messages in h i s series. For example, in one of the episodes he compared an African tribal mask from the Guggenheim collection in New York with the Apollo of t h e Belvedere sculpture which reflects the epitome of Greek art. Clark s a i d that while the carved mask is indeed art, it is fair to say that the Apollo sculpture is an expression of a higher artistic sensibility. He did this k i n d of thing a number of times, and to me it was an indication that he w a s sensitive, intelligent, and insightful, and hadn't been subverted by political correctness. At the same time, he didn't want to stick his neck out a n d buck the forces around him. So he would come out with these little h i n t s and just leave it as a ‘word to the wise,’ as they say. "After the Clark movies, I would give talks, some of which we h a v e on tape. [“Our Cause,” paraphrased in the last chapter, was one of them.] Some of the talks got into racial differences, comparisons between w h i t e s and blacks, that kind of thing. I know Stephen Jay Gould [the H a r v a r d University evolutionary theorist] and others disagree with me, but I believe that the groups that remained in the tropics simply did not evolve as rapidly as those that migrated to the northern hemisphere. The northern peoples had to deal with severe seasonal changes in climate, a n d the sorts of attitudes and behaviors that sufficed in the tropics simply wouldn't keep you alive in northern Europe eons ago. There was a m u c h more rigorous selection process in this kind of challenging environment. The result was that whites evolved further. We developed certain faculties to a greater extent than blacks did. Evolutionary development, and particularly racial differences, is a basic idea behind Cosmotheism. Although if you look over those pamphlets on Cosmotheism I put together, race isn't mentioned very much at all. "When I would speak about race on Sundays, I noticed that i t appealed to a certain type in the audience. Other times, the lesson I d r e w from one of Clark's episodes was more subtle and related to certain aspects of our own nature as a people and as a civilization. I noticed that s o m e people were interested in that, but I could see the eyes glaze over in t h e first group, the ones that liked the race material. What was going on w a s that some people wanted me to tell them what we were going to do a b o u t the problem we have right here in Washington, D. C. with blacks and Jews. They didn't want to hear about anything else. The way they looked at it,

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we had these very immediate and urgent problems to deal with, so cut t h e philosophical stuff, who wants to hear about that? "My attitude about their way of thinking was, yes, we h a v e immediate problems, but if we want to arrive at a good, lasting solution t o them we need to think about these other things that I was bringing u p . Some people who came to the meetings agreed with me on that, and o t h e r s didn't. So what I did was split the group up. I would invite everybody t o the National Alliance meetings on one Sunday, and then, on a l t e r n a t e Sundays, I'd invite just the people who I thought were receptive to t h e more fundamental things I wanted to talk about. That second g r o u p became the Cosmotheist Community. “The Cosmotheist group didn’t just get into abstract things. Sometimes we discussed very practical things, like how to raise children. Suppose you are a parent: how can you possibly keep your child f r o m being taken over by the people who are wrecking our civilization? I s there any way you can compete with television and the school system a n d the corrupted kids your kid comes into contact with? We got into questions like that. "After a time, we--I’m talking about the Cosmotheist group--decided that it would be worthwhile to try an experiment. We'd try to create a n environment more under our control than it is now and live with people who share our values and raise our kids in that sort of setting. We t a l k e d about buying some land on which we could build a community. I said t o the group, 'Look, I have so many thousand dollars in savings I can p u t toward it, but it isn't enough. Some other people are going to have t o cough up some money, too.’ I wanted to open up a bank account. I also told them, ‘We are going to have to do this in a business-like way. What w e really are is a church--we're like one anyway. So why don't we call ourselves a church, because there are some advantages to that. For o n e thing, we won't have to pay taxes.’ “When I said all that, I really didn't have the foggiest idea what I was talking about. For example, you don't have to pay taxes on a fund like the one we were setting up in any case. We could have called ourselves the Ajax Land Requisition Society, anything, and all the gifts to that e n t i t y would have been tax deductible. It didn’t have to be a church. Although then again, there were some advantages to being a church, because if y o u are the Ajax corporation rather than a church and put money into a n interest-bearing account, you have to pay taxes on the interest the f u n d accrues. But I didn’t know all those details then. "I also talked to the Cosmotheist group about how anything that h a s ever made an impact and shaped people’s lives has been more than just a n idea. It has been an idea with a concrete embodiment. It not only had a doctrine, it had rituals and songs and priestly vestments, things like that.

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For example, if you walk into a Methodist ceremony you can immediately distinguish it from an Episcopal ceremony or Roman Catholic ceremony. "As it turned out, we did organize ourselves as a church. So first w e were the Cosmotheist Community and then we became the Cosmotheist Community Church. I had assumed that if we became a church we w o u l d incorporate and have a board of directors and so on, but then I found o u t that Virginia [Pierce’s operations were in Arlington, Virginia, just outside of Washington] doesn’t incorporate churches. The attitude of the state is that it and the churches shouldn't have anything to do with one another. The churches should regulate their own affairs and not ask the state to d o it for them.” "How many people were involved in the church?" I asked. "Around twenty," Pierce replied. "Did you have a title in the church, minister or something like that?" "I never had a formal title. ‘Teacher’ was one I often used. When I had to deal with the government taxing agencies and so forth in order t o qualify for something, I would call myself a minister. But I always felt a little funny and awkward with that because the idea of a minister r e m i n d s me of these potbellied hypocrites in fancy collars preaching pap to t h e congregation of sheep on Sunday morning. I didn't want to have a n y t h i n g to do with that." I read through the three pamphlets on Cosmotheism that Pierce gave m e and listened to a tape of a talk he gave back in 1976 at one of the S u n d a y evening meetings called “Cosmotheism: Wave of the Future.” I concluded from that that what Pierce calls Cosmotheism is a version of a religious orientation called pantheism. It helps to understand Cosmotheism if it is put in its pantheistic context. Pantheism as a religious perspective and tradition differs from t h r e e others which are more familiar to us in this culture: theism (Judaism a n d Even t h o u g h Christianity are examples), atheism, and humanism. 2 pantheism doesn't have a strong foothold in Western society, it is far f r o m a rare phenomenon in the world. 3 Taoism, some forms of Buddhism, Confucianism, the religions of American Indian tribes, and the p a g a n religions of northern Europe before the Christian influence all embody a pantheistic outlook. Many Greek philosophers reflect a pantheistic f r a m e of reference, including Plato and Aristotle and the Stoics, as d i d philosophers of more recent times such as Spinoza, Fichte, and Hegel. (Spinoza, by the way, to whom many attribute the term pantheism, w a s Jewish.) Among the prominent literary figures whose work reveals a pantheistic perspective on the world are William Wordsworth, Ralph Waldo Emerson, D.H. Lawrence, Robinson Jeffers, and Gary Snyder.

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And what is this perspective on the world? The words used t o express the pantheistic orientation vary greatly, but what they all share is a picture of how everything fits together. Pantheists get beyond t h e particulars, this discrete entity and that one, to a perception of an allencompassing and unified order to things. Pantheism is the view t h a t everything that exists--nature, animals, human beings, e v e r y t h i n g - - f o r m s an integrated whole. To the pantheist, everything is interrelated. Thus, pantheists see human life not as independent and self-contained b u t rather as an integral part of the world. This stress on wholeness should not be taken to mean that pantheists are contending that "all is one," t h a t there aren't separate entities in the world, that the perception of distinctions is an illusion. Rather, pantheists--or most of them, a n y w a y - are saying that the various elements that comprise the world are n o t m e r e l y distinct; and that most fundamentally, most importantly, they a r e not distinct. When pantheists look at the world, they see connectedness, they see unity. What makes pantheism a religion and not simply a n insight or a philosophy is that this unity that pantheists see is d i v i n e --it is sacred. To pantheists, the world isn't simply a set of interrelated concrete phenomena. There is more--call it God--and this “something more” infuses, permeates, the world. It is part of everything, and everything is part of It. It divinizes the world and makes it holy. When pantheists look at the world, they see God. Pantheism can be better understood if it is contrasted with t h e i s m - again, Christianity and Judaism fall in this category. The theistic tradition is characterized by the belief in a personal God--that is to say, a God w i t h the characteristics of a human being. This theistic God has a personality and bearing--like that of a commanding father perhaps. This is a God w h o can hear and see and pass moral judgment and make decisions and t a k e purposeful action. He is focal: all power and holiness flow from Him. He was so powerful that he had the power to create the universe, a u n i v e r s e which he now in a parent-like or monarch-like way oversees. He is separate, distinct from nature and mankind. He is not of this world. He is apart, above, transcendent, looking down on us all. The appropriate relationship to the theistic God is deferential a n d devotional. He is prayed to. He is an object of worship--the sole object of worship. The worshipper does not identify himself with God or seek t o merge with God or become God; that would be blasphemous. Rather, t h e fundamental objective of religious practice in the theistic tradition is t o establish a proper relationship with God. Cultivating this p r o p e r relationship brings the worshipper peace and happiness and perhaps a n ecstatic joy, and it gives him direction in living in accordance with God's will and in escaping God's displeasure or wrath. The worshipper gains strength and guidance from God--perhaps with assistance from a messiah

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--in the lifelong task of achieving salvation in this life and bliss a n d serenity in the next life. In theistic traditions, there is the belief in personal immortality. The faithful will survive death in some form. Death is regrettable to b e sure, but that regret is softened by the conviction that the next world will be a better place than this one is. In fact, in theistic traditions existence o n earth is in large measure perceived as a time of preparation for t h e afterlife. Like theists, pantheists believe in God; pantheism is not a disguised form of atheism or a substitution of naturalism for religious faith. W h e r e the difference lies is that pantheists do not perceive of God as a person o r anything like a person. The pantheistic god doesn't have a personality. I t doesn't have a mind. It doesn't perceive as does a human being. It doesn't formulate intentions and carry out actions in response to circumstances i n the manner of a person. Pantheistic religions tend not to play up t h e creator-of-the-universe conception of God as do theistic religions. There is more of a tendency in pantheism to attend to God and w o r l d - - h o w e v e r they/it came to be--simply as realities to be encountered and taken into account at this time and in this life. Pantheism denies the beyondness, the otherness, of God. God isn't up there, over there, someplace else, transcendent. God is here, a part of all this, i m m a n e n t . God penetrates everything in the universe. God is i n nature. God is in human beings. God and man and nature are not distinct --or at least not totally distinct, or only distinct. What makes things a b i t complicated is that while pantheism emphasizes God's immanence, there is also a tendency within this tradition to view the being of God as if it w e r e not completely exhausted by the universe. That is to say, God has a transcendent dimension as well as an immanent one. Some scholars h a v e used the term panentheism (note the "en" in the middle) to distinguish t h e strand of pantheism that stresses both the immanent and t r a n s c e n d e n t quality of God.4 So we need to be careful not to set up rigid dichotomies. Still, however, the most useful distinction to keep in mind for our p u r p o s e s is the basic one between a transcendent God (theism) and an i m m a n e n t God (pantheism). If God exists but isn't a person, then what is It? (To have used He a t the end of this last sentence would have personalized God and been a t variance with pantheistic thinking.) One finds a variety of words used t o describe God within pantheism. God is described variously as the Force, the Divine Spark, the Principle of the World, and the Plan for the Universe. Alternatively, God may be referred to as the Spirit of the World or the Soul of the World. Still other possibilities, God may be spoken of as the Divine Unity or the Process--or Unfolding--of the Divine Unity. Yet another w a y of referring to God within the pantheistic tradition, the world is called t h e

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Self-Expression of God. These aren't the clearest of terms imaginable, b u t then again cloudiness of meaning is not unheard of in matters of religion, and they do communicate a basic sense of how pantheism conceives of God. What is the proper relationship of human beings to the pantheistic God? Since God is not a person or separate from everything, it isn't a personal relationship in the way two people would relate to one another. There isn't a deferential posture toward this God. Rather than a worshipful response to the presence of God as one finds in theism, in pantheism t h e r e is respect, awe, wonderment. And rather than devotional practice, i n pantheistic religions there is an emphasis on the search for knowledge of the Unity and the development of personal resources of a certain kind: namely, the understanding and wisdom and personal strength that will contribute to one's living a life in accordance with the Unity or, a n o t h e r way to say it, that will allow one to integrate with the cosmos. T h u s meditative and contemplative activities are more consistent w i t h pantheism than prayer. Really, any activity—whether intellectual and n o n intellectual--which brings people into closer contact with things as t h e y actually are and to a better understanding of how it all goes together a n d where they fit in the larger scheme of things--including a walk in t h e woods--is an appropriate religious practice within the pantheistic tradition. Within pantheism, there is more of a focus on integrating into t h i s world than winning forgiveness of sin or a place in the next world. Also, i n contrast to theism, this integration may well include a merging with God, a realization of one's identity with, or sameness with, God. The result m a y be happiness and joy, but more likely it will be more along the lines of a thoroughgoing peace of mind or sense of being truly home. Most pantheists deny the possibility that they will survive death in s o m e conscious form, so they aren't seeking personal immortality through t h e i r religion. They tend to believe that whatever happens must happen in t h i s lifetime and with no help from God or a messiah. For them, death is regrettable because it deprives us of experience and the possibility of doing further good on this earth. Other characteristics of pantheism that shed light on Pierce's Cosmotheist beliefs include: • It needs to be underscored that most pantheists are not monists. They aren't saying All is One. They aren't contending that there is only one Being and that all reality is either identical with it or modes of it. They are pluralists. That is to say, they believe that there are many k i n d s of things. They don't regard the existence of real, finite entities as inimical to unity. As pluralists, these pantheists don't see just one human n a t u r e but various human natures. Pierce carries this idea over to race. W h e r e some would see one human race, he sees a number of human races.

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• In line with this pluralist mentality, pantheists don’t believe t h a t there is just one way to live in accordance with the Unity. They d o n ' t insist on one lifestyle or set of activities for everyone. They believe t h a t personal well-being and the welfare of the whole will be best attained b y people living within parameters dictated by their own essential natures. The idea is to do what is natural to you given the reality of the whole of which you are a part. Pierce, for instance, doesn't contend that the rural, dig-your-own-well-and-cut-your-own-wood way of life he has chosen t o live is right for everybody. In his view, his way is not the only way to b e happy, and it is not the only way to serve the Life Force or the Creator, h i s terms for God. • Along this same line, pantheists don't hold up any one h u m a n attribute above the others as automatically being on a higher plane t h a n the others. A good mind, for example, can be positive and it can b e negative depending on the use to which it is put. In fact, one picks up a coolness toward intellectual prowess in pantheism; or anyway, that it is n o t essential to a good life, and may actually interfere with it. • Pantheists are critical of humanism. They reject the secularized, human-centered world view. In their eyes, humanism sets man up as t h e sole concern, as being all important. Humanists, the pantheists contend, have substituted worship of man for the worship of God. This contradicts the pantheistic view of man as a part of nature, and pantheism's contention that the meaning and purpose of life cannot, should not, b e made with reference to human beings alone. • Pantheists disagree with an existentialist posture that would h a v e man simply choose the meaning of his life. There are dictates inherent i n man’s being and in his context, pantheists hold, that place obligations o n him and limit the scope of his freedom to choose his path in life. Man is what he is and is a part of everything, and these realities direct how o n e should live. Man should not, say the pantheists, be viewed as an end i n himself. • Pantheists are critical of a reliance on science as the source of answers to the questions of existence. There is more to the world than c a n be accounted for by the natural sciences and their ways of coming to k n o w things, contend the pantheists. Pantheists don't claim to know all there is to know about the Divine Unity. They admit that they still have questions about creation, immortality, and the meaning and purpose of life, but t h e y don’t believe that science has the answers to them either. • Pantheists usually believe in free will. Most often, they aren’t determinists. They don't believe man's actions and fate are determined b y either God's will or earthly circumstances. They believe in the power of choice and moral responsibility. They derive their concept of morality from the nature of the Divine Unity, not from the nature of a personalized

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God and His word. A person's conduct cannot be assessed apart from h i s overall context, pantheists believe. Pantheists judge the goodness of a n individual act, and a total life, with reference to the individual’s relationship to the Unity. Pantheists believe living in harmony with t h e Unity is morally good, and living in discordance with It is morally bad. • As might be expected, pantheists tend to love nature and seek t o establish a relationship to things natural. They tend to believe that if o n e doesn't contact nature, one is less likely to come to the pantheistic w o r l d view. If one never hikes in the wilderness or gazes at the sunset or sails on the water, if one never gets out of his own little orbit, he is less likely t o see the pantheistic truths. Pantheists live more in an ethical than mystical relation to nature. They perceive that living in proper relation to n a t u r e presupposes its preservation and protection. They tend to b e environmentalists. They tend to see urban life as adverse to both personal well-being and the well-being of the Unity. They tend to be of a mind t h a t technology despoils the environment and separates people from It. At t h e same time, however, they tend to think of pantheism as an approach to life that can be lived out in any locale, including urban settings. • Pantheists regard organized churches and religious leaders w i t h suspicion. They doubt whether the life that pantheism seeks to attain c a n be facilitated by hierarchically organized, clergy-centered, empire-building religions. Pierce says he can’t remember where he got the term Cosmotheism. I d i d some investigating and found that the English Romantic poet, critic, a n d philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge used the term in the early n i n e t e e n t h century. In Coleridge’s writings, cosmotheism referred, in one instance I came across, to an identification of God with the universe and, in another, to the worship of the world as God.5 So Pierce may have picked it up f r o m his reading of Coleridge. Another possible source of the term can be f o u n d in Pierce’s Sunday evening talk of July 24th, 1977 called “Cosmotheism: Wave of the Future.” 6 Early in that talk, Pierce quotes the writer D.H. Lawrence as saying "We and the cosmos are one. The cosmos is a v a s t living body of which we are all parts. The sun is a great heart w h o s e tremors run through our smallest veins. The moon is a great gleaming nerve center from which we quiver forever. All this is literally true, a s men knew in the great past, and as they will know again." So it could b e that reading Lawrence was Pierce's inspiration. But it was a long time ago, and Pierce doesn't remember, so this will have to remain speculation. In the “Cosmotheism: Wave of the Future” talk, Pierce p u t s Cosmotheism in its historical and philosophical perspective. He describes Cosmotheists as people who are bearers of the Creator's purpose or,

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another way to state it, bearers of the Universal Will. He says that m a n y people over the course of history have understood parts of Cosmotheism, and he lists a number of examples, among them ancient Greek and Roman philosophers, northern European pagan philosophers, Romantic w r i t e r s such as Wordsworth and Pope, and the European philosophers Fichte a n d Hegel. Pierce says in his talk that the pantheistic tradition is central to t h e history of the white race in Europe. Before Christianity was exported t o Europe by the expanding Roman Empire, he asserts, European religions stressed the oneness of God and man. He says that this e m p h a s i s contrasted with the Christian church's dichotomous conception which emphasizes God and man’s distinction and separation from each other. Pierce argues that the twentieth century is congenial to t h e pantheistic perspective. Modern science, he tells his audience, has m o v e d us from a static to a dynamic view of the universe, and pantheism is m o r e in alignment with that paradigm than is the church's conception of t h e world as a finished creation. Since Darwin, Pierce points out, the world h a s come to be viewed as undergoing a continuous and not-yet-finished change or evolution. Pantheism is more congenial to this perspective, h e asserts, than are theistic religions such as Christianity. To be sure, Pierce acknowledges, Christian doctrine with its static view of the universe is still accepted by many people. However, he notes, very few of the leading thinkers of our time buy into the Christian conception of the world. Cosmotheism, Pierce tells his audience, differs from most o t h e r religions with their dependence on truth as revealed through revelation o r as passed down by authority. It also departs from pure rationalism. Cosmotheism is grounded in a synthesis of objective and subjective knowledge, says Pierce. Cosmotheism is the union of the Creator's immanent consciousness, what our reason and senses tell us a b o u t ourselves and the world, and the findings of science. In addition, offers Pierce, Cosmotheism is in accord with the truth that comes from d e e p within us if we are willing to attend to it, from our genes, from o u r collective race-soul. The problems Cosmotheism faces in being accepted in this culture d o not stem from its validity, Pierce contends. A major problem Cosmotheism confronts is that the mass of people will never have the chance to accept o r reject it on the basis of its merits, because they will never learn about it i n the first place. Those who control the public discourse in A m e r i c a - - t h e news and entertainment and publishing industries and the schools--do their best to censor and malign anything like Cosmotheism, claims Pierce. Plus, if people do manage to learn about the tenets of Cosmotheism a n d accept them as valid, they still face the tough challenge of manifesting them in their lives. Given the religious and ideological orthodoxies of t h e

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moment, Pierce declares, it requires a good measure of personal independence and strength of character to stand up to the rejections, pressures, and sanctions that result when people think the "wrong" things or act in the "wrong" ways. The best way around that state of affairs, s a y s Pierce, is to break our isolation from one another and to form a c o m mu n i t y of “consciousness and blood.” It appears to me that Cosmotheism is basically an elaboration of t h e pantheistic perspective George Bernard Shaw articulated in Man a n d S u p e r m a n , the play that made such a strong impression on Pierce when h e was a graduate student at Caltech. 7 Pierce modified what Shaw put forth, changed nomenclature in places, punched up certain ideas in Shaw a n d played others down, extrapolated from what Shaw offered, and a d d e d some new things of his own, especially around how people can organize themselves to realize the Cosmotheist ideal. A shorthand way of describing the end result of Pierce's formulations is that Cosmotheism is essentially what Shaw had to say in Man and Superman with a National Socialist twist to it. While Shaw wrote of Life, or the Life Force, Pierce's Cosmotheism talks about the Creator. By and large, the Life Force and the Creator a r e synonymous concepts, with Pierce's idea of the Creator perhaps carrying a bit more of a divine or sacred connotation than Shaw's idea of the Life Force. And while the Creator, like the Life Force, is essentially immanent, I pick up more of a transcendent, "other," dimension in Pierce’s concept t h a n the Shavian one has. If one can draw the distinction between a philosophy and a religion, it seems to me the Creator in Cosmotheism has more of a religious feel to it than Shaw's Life Force. Of course, we are talking a b o u t Pierce of twenty years ago here. In my dealings with him I have n e v e r heard him refer to the Creator--it has always been the Life Force, serving the Life Force. My guess is that twenty years ago and up to his move t o West Virginia in the mid-1980s, Pierce had more of a religious orientation than he has today. His current use of "Life Force" language and t h e absence of "Creator" talk may reflect a reversion back toward the S h a w influences that began it all over forty years ago. As with Shaw's Life Force, there is a dynamic quality to the concept of the Creator in Cosmotheism. The Creator more than just is, more t h a n just exists, more than just began it all and now watches and judges o r selectively intervenes in earthly affairs; the Creator is a force and is definitely going someplace. Pierce uses the term Urge to get at t h a t dimension of the Creator. The direction the Urge is seeking to travel i n Cosmotheist doctrine is the same as Shaw's Life Force: toward selfconsciousness, self-understanding, and self-completion. And as in Shaw’s formulation, there is a dynamic quality in Cosmotheism to m a n ' s

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relationship with the Creator. It isn't simply a matter of being with t h e Creator or integrating with It; it is a matter of doing with the Creator. A n d again as in Shaw, that doing takes the form of serving the Creator by being Its brain and taking action to further Its process. There is the idea in Cosmotheism that man can make the choice of whether or not to serve the Creator. However, I pick up more of a sense i n Cosmotheism than in Shaw that this kind of service is not only a good thing to do, you really ought to do it. Cosmotheism agrees with Shaw that there isn't just one way to s e r v e the Life Force or Creator. What is important, both orientations hold, is t o get a grasp of the big picture, how it all works, and then to find the way t o support the Life Force/Creator’s process that is natural to you and m o s t effective. Cosmotheism makes salient the pluralistic outlook of pantheism a n d uses it to serve a racial agenda. Cosmotheist doctrine stresses that t h e parts of the whole are as fundamental a reality as the unity of all things, and that we can't ignore the differences among the parts, including t h e i r qualitative differences. All to say, from the Cosmotheist perspective individuals are different in nature from one another and some are b e t t e r than others, and the same thing holds true for races. According t o Cosmotheism, individuals can be measured against what they were and d i d in the past and what they can become and create in the future, and so too can races. Shaw in Man and Superman alluded to breeding the race into a higher form of being as a goal of the Life Force, but he muted that point t o a large extent. Cosmotheism, on the other hand, puts that process c e n t e r stage and in bold print, as it were. And Cosmotheism makes it clear e v e n though it is not stated explicitly (as it wasn’t in Shaw either) that race d o e s not refer to the whole human race, all of mankind, but rather to the w h i t e race. Cosmotheism is at its core a white racialist world view. The pantheist concept of world-soul becomes in Cosmotheism the race-soul. Therefore, when Cosmotheists talk about serving the Creator, t h e y are referring to improving the white race, their race. There is the tacit assumption in Cosmotheism, as there well may have been in Shaw, t h a t this is a religion, philosophy, whatever to call it, that applies to the w h i t e race only. It is about the white race and for the white race. As it was i n Shaw, improvement of the race in Cosmotheism is conceived in Nietzschean terms, that is to say, as the movement toward the ideal of the Superman. And grounded in the evolutionary perspective it shares with Shaw, Cosmotheism assumes that that improvement will most likely involve struggle and peril. Both Shaw and Cosmotheism see modern life in general as working against the improvement of the race. (Shaw equated modern life w i t h

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Hell.) And while it is obliquely hinted at in Shaw (the Devil in his play is a Jew), it is very clearly written between the lines that Cosmotheism considers Jews to be an impediment to the fulfillment of the f u n d a m e n t a l impulse and destiny of the race. One difference between Shaw and Cosmotheism lies in what is expected of the servant of the Life Force/Creator. With Shaw, there is a mix of "ivory tower" and "social work" expectations That is, what t h e individual--Don Juan, say--would best do is go up in the ivory tower, i.e., back off enough, get enough distance from day-to-day existence, to be a b l e to reflect and become informed and wise enough to be the philosopher’s brain the Life Force needs. As well, Don Juan or someone else who w o u l d go this route, informed by the knowledge and wisdom he has acquired, would take on the role of the Life Force’s social worker, that is, help I t move in the proper direction. In all of this, however, there is a "backed off," personally-removed quality inherent in this approach to life: I got t h e sense from the play that Don Juan was talking about t h e m , other people, and it, Life, and what t h e y were like and what t h e y were becoming. But he wasn't talking about himself and what he was becoming. When I read the Cosmotheist material Pierce put together, there are, to be sure, the ivory-tower and social-work aspects, as I am calling t h e m , but there is more. There is the idea in Cosmotheism that the Creator includes you and m e . We are a part of the world and not just looking o n and critiquing and stepping in to help things along. We--you and I - - d o more than merely point the w a y and pave the w a y , as important, a s crucial, as those things are. We have the responsibility to become the w a y , to create in our own beings and in our own lives the exemplification of t h e upward unfolding of the race. A last difference between Shaw’s and Pierce’s formulations: In S h a w you get the impression that Don Juan's search for Heaven is an individual quest. He was going to get there by himself. With Cosmotheism, i n contrast, this search is to be a shared, communal endeavor. The message comes through in Cosmotheism that it is not likely that you or I will e v e r get there on our own. It is going to take the support of other people, and a supportive social context, for us to travel upward toward greatness. Now to the three pamphlets, or booklets, on Cosmotheism that Pierce p u t together in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Path, the first one, printed, i n 1977, sets out the basic tenets of Cosmotheism. 8 It describes the Creator, the Urge, the Path of Life and the way that individuals embark on the P a t h successfully, and the Cosmotheist Community. Man and the world and the Creator are not separate things, b u t man is a part of the world, which is part of the Whole, which is

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the Creator. The tangible Universe is the material manifestation of the Creator. All the blazing suns of the firmament; t h e formless gas between the stars; the silent, frozen m o u n t a i n peaks of the moon; the rustling trees of the earthly forests; t h e teeming creatures of the dark ocean depths; and man are p a r t s of the Creator's material manifestation. 9 The Urge lies at the root of all things and is manifested in t h e relations among all things....The Urge is in the tenuous gases of the void, for they have a purpose, which is the flaming s u n s and all the planets which form from them. The Urge is in t h e earth, for it has a purpose, which is the realm of plants a n d animals which flourish on it. And the Urge is in man, for he h a s a purpose, which is higher man. And the purposes of all t h e s e things are steps on the Path of Life, which leads to the One Purpose, which is the Self-Realization of the Creator: the SelfCompletion of the Self-Created.1 0 Those who attain Divine Consciousness will ascend the Path of Life toward their Destiny, which is Godhood; which is to say, the Path of Life leads upward through a n e v e r - e n d i n g succession of states, the next of which is that of higher m a n , and the ultimate that of the Self-Realized Creator. 1 1 True reason will illuminate the Path for them and give t h e m insight; it will be a mighty aid to the Creator's Urge w i t h i n them...True reason seeks to guide man's actions in accord w i t h the immanent consciousness of the Whole, while false r e a s o n does not....The man or woman of true reason seeks order in all things, and he shuns chaos. He is pleased by a harmonious relationship between all the elements of his life and the world. He rejects that which clashes and does not fit, that which is alien. He is happy in the knowledge that what was true a n d good yesterday will be true and good tomorrow. Through o r d e r and harmony he seeks true progress, which is the ascent of t h e Path of Life; but he shuns frivolous change, which destroys t h e harmony between the past and the future. He loves truth, a n d he hates falsehood. He loves beauty, and he hates ugliness. He loves nobility in all things, and he hates baseness. And all t h e s e predispositions of the man or woman of true reason are like rays thrown out by the Divine Spark which burns in his soul.

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And this Divine Spark is the immanent consciousness of t h e Whole. It is the presence of the Creator's Urge in him.1 2 The gathering of those who would become members of t h e Community of Divine Consciousness is called the Cosmotheist Community; it is the Community of those who would become People of the Rune. And the People of the Rune are known f o r these four things: knowledge, consciousness, discipline, a n d service....By knowledge is meant understanding of t h e Truth....By consciousness is meant the awakened state of t h o s e who have gone beyond knowledge and have partaken of t h e immanent consciousness of the Whole which resides in t h e i r innermost souls....Discipline comes from within and without. From without it is imposed on the members of the Cosmotheist Community. By being so imposed it brings forth the growth of discipline from within. Without discipline there is no m a s t e r y , and he who has not mastered the chaos of conflicting forces within himself cannot render full service. But discipline imposed and discipline which grows from within together give those who have attained knowledge and consciousness m a s t e r y over their own forces, so that those forces may serve t h e Creator's Purpose....The members of the community of Divine Consciousness, the Awakened Ones, the People of the Rune, serve in a new way, which is the way of higher man, the w a y of true reason. They are conscious agents of the Creator's Purpose....Through their service they resume the ascent t o w a r d their destiny, which is Godhood.1 3 The second pamphlet, On Living Things, describes the measure of a man, the dangers that must be overcome in creating the higher man, a n d the responsibilities that the Community as a whole and each individual member within the Community must accept. 1 4 [The qualities one uses to judge the value of a man] are t h e trueness of his inner sense of direction, the soundness of h i s constitution, and the purity of his blood. 1 5 [The two greatest dangers that must be overcome in creating the higher man] are the corruption of the spirit and t h e corruption of the blood. First comes the corruption of the spirit, through the presence of alien race soul. Alien values a n d attitudes become intermixed with the values and attitudes of

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higher man's stock who are not yet conscious of their i d e n t i t y and mission. And then follows the corruption of the blood of those whose values are confused; they can no longer follow their inner sense of direction, and in their confusion they m i x their blood with that of alien stocks; and they and t h e i r offspring become abominations, spreading further corruption among the stock from which higher man arises. 1 6 They must become conscious of their identity and t h e i r mission; they must seek and discover the values of their o w n race-soul, putting aside all values which have come from alien race-souls; and they must remove from their midst all w h o have become abominations and all who are of alien blood....1 7 He must take into his own hands those forces which change t h e seed of all living things from generation to generation, a n d must use those forces under the guidance of an a w a k e n i n g consciousness to lift his stock over the threshold which separates man from higher man, the realm of i m m a n e n t consciousness from that of Divine Consciousness. 1 8 The third, and last, booklet Pierce produced on Cosmotheism was On Society. 19 Actually, the booklet wasn't about society as a whole but r a t h e r about the Cosmotheist Community itself--although there may be a tacit hope embedded in the title of this document that someday all of society will operate in the way the Cosmotheist Community does. On Society describes the integration of the religious and secular in Community life (Community is capitalized because Pierce is referring to the Cosmotheist Community) and discusses four main social institutions: the family, t h e school, the military, and the government. Pierce is an admirer of the social and political arrangements put forth by Plato in his treatise The Republic 2 0 and, ironically, the way the Catholic church organizes itself, and this is revealed in what he writes in this pamphlet. The Community is both church and state, and it does n o t separate these two aspects of its being. It does not s e p a r a t e guidance in striving for knowledge from guidance in raising consciousness or building character. It does not s e p a r a t e religious and moral training from other training. It guides e a c h member toward knowledge, consciousness, and discipline through the same institutions. 2 1

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[The four essential institutions of the Community] are family, by which the Community breeds and builds itself; academy, by which it trains itself and grows in knowledge; corps of guardians, by which it defends itself; and hierarchy, by which it governs and guides itself.2 2

the the the the

The community honors each man who is a father and e a c h woman who is a mother, and the family in which the two a r e united, in a measure corresponding to the value of the children they engender; and this value is measured both by t h e qualities inherent in the children at their birth and t h e development and strengthening of their qualities t h r o u g h proper nurture. 2 3 In the Academy, the children receive a uniform grounding i n language, history, music, and the other elements of t h e i r cultural heritage; they are made conscious of the spiritual basis of their existence and of the Cosmotheist truth; and they begin the lifelong process of building will and character t h r o u g h discipline. 2 4 The corps of guardians is the institution by which t h e Community defends itself against its enemies, both within a n d without: against those who would harm any of the things u p o n which the life of the Community depends, both its physical life and its spiritual life. The men of the community who a r e chosen to become guardians shall...come only from t h o s e ordained to a life of service to the One Purpose, and they shall be only the best of those.2 5 The hierarchy is the institution by which the Community orders itself. It is a community of priests....In structure it is a series of steps leading upward....As he advances in knowledge, in consciousness, in discipline, and in service, he is judged b y those above him; and according to their judgment, he m a y progress upward, from step to step, throughout his life. 2 6 The hierarchy guides and judges. It shapes, structures, a n d makes or changes rules, when those things are needed; otherwise it preserves what it has made. It looks to the fu ture, foresees the needs of the Community, and strives to fulfill those needs. Above all else, the hierarchy keeps t h e

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community moving ever upward: toward new knowledge, higher levels of consciousness, greater strength and discipline, more effective service of the Creator's Purpose. 2 7

"I wasn't always clear about what you meant by some of the things y o u said on the tape and in the pamphlets you gave me,” I said to Pierce. “When you talk about 'bearers of the Creator's purpose' and 'the perfect union of the Creator's immanent consciousness and our race soul'---" "Back then I was trying to get things sorted out in my head,” Pierce interrupted, “and I may have expressed myself in airy ways. I think I could do it more precisely and clearly now. It was just that when I first read Shaw I could feel the hairs rising on the back of my neck. I felt i t was true and an insight into reality that few people have, and even f e w e r people can express things as well as he did. It was about this process--this purpose, this primeval urge toward higher consciousness--that was t r y i n g to continue. Shaw put things in a different light for me. I now could examine things in this light. Did this square with what I know a b o u t history, human nature, and so forth? And when I did that, things d i d make sense. If they hadn't, I would have rejected it." "Is this right, that what you are trying to get at in using terms like ‘divine spark’ is something more than what we think of as the biological unfolding of evolution?" "Yes, what I’m talking about is more than that, or at least it is a different way of looking at evolution. It is the development of a certain kind of self-consciousness. It seems to me that there is a Life Force reaching out in the darkness, trying to develop a more sensitive a n d refined tool for understanding itself. There is this feeling we have--or, I should say, the best of us have--in the presence of beauty, truly fine a r t let’s say. It’s the basis for the respect we have for the great philosopher. This is more than just a recognition of ethical or moral principles; it's being drawn to what is finest; it’s being drawn to genius, to what is really best. It is that part of us that knows that accomplishment in the sense of money-grabbing, getting to be a CEO, or becoming a celebrity by telling jokes isn't really worthy of respect. That sensibility, if you want to call i t that, doesn't have survival value as far as I can see, but nevertheless, e v e n though it is submerged in so many people given the world as it is, it h a s evolved as a part of our nature along with all the other things. I'm t r y i n g to get at this impulse in people, which isn't part of evolution as we usually think about it." "When you talk about self-consciousness here, you mean--" "I mean by that more than an understanding of who I am in i t s popular psychological meaning, or some kind of political or social self-

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understanding. What I am talking about transcends that kind of thing. I t is, in the most fundamental sense, who I am relative to everything a r o u n d me and where things have come from and where they are going--the really big picture, I guess you'd say. It is a higher consciousness." "And when you say things like, 'My destiny is godhood'..." "That is where Nietzsche fits in. If this process of which I am a p a r t continues as we would hope, the result will be the emergence of w h a t Nietzsche calls the Superman. It is a type of being that very few of us c a n get our minds around. And the Superman may be a step toward an e v e n higher being. If one extrapolates indefinitely, the very end result--and w e can only begin to imagine it--I call godhood. We need to be the agents of this process. We need to serve it." "And I hear you saying in the material I have reviewed that each of us has a choice of whether to serve--or retard, or be indifferent t o - - t h e Life Force, that fundamental process." "Historically, only a small number have made the choice to serve t h e Life Force. But fortunately for us, in Europe there was an influential minority who saw this larger reality and moved our civilization in a positive direction. The mass of people followed along. Now the choice is with us: are we going to accept responsibility for being the conscious a n d willing agents of the Life Force or are we not? The future of the n e w millennium depends on our answer." “When you came out here to West Virginia in 1985, it was at least t o some extent to move the Cosmotheist Church here and form the kind of community you’d been talking about in Arlington, is that right?” "Yes. I took the money I had accumulated and bought this land in t h e name of the Cosmotheist Community Church. After I got here, I found o u t that there is a law that limits how much property a church can hold. I f there wasn't a limit, churches would accumulate larger and larger a m o u n t s of property and not pay taxes on any of it, and the government wouldn't get any revenue. This kind of law came out of the experience in England, where the church had acquired a substantial percentage of the landscape. Henry the Eighth solved it by simply confiscating the church's land, b u t that was a short-term solution, and they came up with these laws. In W e s t Virginia the limit is sixty acres, so I put that amount in the name of t h e Cosmotheist Community Church and the rest in my name. "It turned out that the church never really went anywhere here i n West Virginia. The other people didn't move out here, and I really d i d n ' t have the time to build up a church here--I had to keep the Alliance alive. If you are a one-man band as I have pretty much been, you are limited i n what you can accomplish. And then there was a big fight with the IRS which I lost. They said that we weren't a church. They were obviously under pressure to take away the tax exemption we had. The IRS s e n t

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some agents out here to check us out. I still have the report they wrote. I t had things like the road out here was very rough and not conducive t o people getting to the services, and that we didn't have enough chairs a n d where were people going to sit, and there was no central heating s y s t e m and so there couldn't be services in the winter--a bunch of baloney." (The IRS revoked Pierce’s church status and the revocation w a s upheld in court. Pierce thinks the IRS was responding to pressure applied on it by the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith. While the v a s t majority of people view the ADL in a positive light, as an opponent of bigotry and intolerance, Pierce sees it as a Jewish instrument of t h o u g h t control and the abridgment of freedoms. He contends that the ADL s e e k s to harm or even destroy anyone or anything that gets in the way of t h e Jewish agenda for this country, which includes him and his organization.) "You think your racial views were the real reason the IRS got on y o u r case?" "If I had been preaching a doctrine that didn't irritate the Jews t h e y would have left us alone. There are all kinds of snake-handling cults a n d everything else up here in these hills, and the IRS lets them call themselves a church and doesn't bother them. It is no big drain on t h e federal budget, and the IRS stays in good graces generally by not bothering people more than it has to. But in our case they were determined to g e t us, and it was strictly because of what I was teaching on racial and Jewish matters." "Did they ever say that was why they were coming after you?" "They are never going to say you can't be a church because you d o n ' t have the right doctrine, so they measure potholes and count chairs. But the truth of the matter is that they were out here because we d i d n ' t preach the right things.”

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1 5 ____________ ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN "I understand you have read a lot that Alexander Solzhenitsyn h a s written,” I said to Pierce. [Bob DeMarais had mentioned it to me.] Has Solzhenitsyn had a major influence on your thinking?" "I have read some of what Solzhenitsyn has written, although he is not really in a direct line of my development. I didn't read him until a f t e r my own views were pretty well formulated. I did find him interesting, however, and mined some facts from what he had written. For example, I read the commencement address he gave at Harvard in 1978. It had b e e n published and distributed widely. I said to myself, ‘This guy is one of t h e very few people who has had the courage to come right out and say t h e s e things in public as opposed to the milquetoast blather that you get i n virtually all commencement addresses. I really appreciated that he s a i d things that needed to be said--fundamental and true things that p r o b a b l y no one else with access to that forum would have told these H a r v a r d seniors and their parents. In my own way, I am trying to get a message t o this society about the radical changes we need to make, and even though I don’t agree with Solzhenitsyn about everything, I respected what he did a t Harvard.” Alexander Solzhenitsyn is a Russian writer born in 1918 who was a w a r d e d the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970. His books include One Day in t h e Life of Ivan Denisovich, August 1914, The First Circle, and The Gulag Archipelago. 1 Solzhenitsyn was arrested in 1945 for anti-Stalinist r e m a r k s and eventually ended up in a hard-labor camp in Kazakhstan. His writings, some of which were written on scraps of paper while he was interned, depict the harsh conditions of the labor camps and blamed Stalin for t h e i r existence. 2 Solzhenitsyn attacked the Soviet Communist Party, and in 1973 h e was expelled from the Soviet Union and came to the United States, w h e r e he lived in Vermont. Solzhenitsyn’s champions in this country w e r e appalled to learn that his vision wasn’t of a democracy but rather a theocracy based on the precepts of the Russian Orthodox Church. While i n America, Solzhenitsyn decried the growing decadence of Western society. In 1994, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the changed political conditions in Russia, he returned to his home country.

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Solzhenitsym gave the Harvard commencement address that Pierce referred to on June 8th, 1978. Between ten and fifteen thousand people gathered in the drizzling rain to hear the words of this celebrated author. Solzhenitsyn entitled his talk “A World Split Apart.” He didn’t s a y anything on that occasion that he hadn’t been saying for years, b u t nevertheless many were surprised, as well as put off, by what they heard. The West is in a fight for its spiritual survival, Solzhenitsyn told h i s audience, and its adversary is modernity itself. The modern world h a d brought with it “moral poverty,” Solzhenitsyn declared. and “the calamity of an autonomous, irreligious humanistic consciousness.” “Two hundred o r even fifty years ago,” he proclaimed, “it would have seemed q u i t e impossible, in America, that an individual be granted boundless f r e e d o m with no purpose, simply for the satisfaction of his whims...” And t h e n later: “Is it true that man is above everything? Is there no Superior Spirit above him? Is it right that man’s life and society’s activities should b e ruled by material expansion above all? Is it permissible to promote s u c h expansion to the detriment of our integral spiritual life?” 3 Solzhenitsyn’s Harvard commencement address was met with strong criticism from liberal quarters. The New York Times editorialized, “Mr. Solzhenitsyn’s world view seems to us far more dangerous that the e a s y going spirit which he finds so exasperating....Life in a society run by zealots like Mr. Solzhenitsyn is bound to be uncomfortable for those who do n o t share his vision or ascribe to his beliefs.” The Washington Post accused him of a “gross misunderstanding of western society, which has chosen t o organize its political and social and cultural affairs on the basis of t h e differences among men.” 4 I told Pierce that I had recently read a biography of Solzhenitsyn, and t h a t I was struck by some of the similarities between his outlook and Pierce's. 5 I was thinking of Solzhenitsyn’s opposition to materialism, rationalism, and individualism, and his authoritarianism, spirituality, and w h a t appears to be his anti-Semitism. And then there is his affinity for n a t u r e and the non-urban life: he said he chose to live in Cavendish, V e r m o n t because of “the simple way of life of the people, the countryside, and t h e There is even Solzhenitsyn’s total long winters with the snow.” 6 immersion in his work (“All my life consists of only one thing—work.”) t h a t reminds me of Pierce’s complete investment of himself in his work. 7 "I can see how you could say that,” Pierce responded. “But there a r e a lot of differences between Solzhenitsyn and me, too. Hell, I don't e v e n know the man, so I can't be sure, but I think that Solzhenitsyn is a lot more Christian than I am. In fact, I'm not a Christian at all; I don't p u t any stock in that. And I imagine he is much more of a sober character

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that I am. For example, when I relax with a video it is likely to b e something like a James Bond movie. Sex and violence, that's what I like. I get kind of strung out at work, a lot of frustrations and so forth, a n d watching a really violent film has a cathartic effect on me--'Damn it, give it to the son-of-a-bitch!' I don't picture Solzhenitsyn doing that. And I always try to do, within limits anyway, what is natural. I'm sort of a nudist by nature. Of course I don't run around naked in the office, but a t home I do. I don't see Solzhenitsyn doing anything like that." "One of the things I was thinking about is the way Solzhenitsyn portrays Jews negatively in his books." "I noticed that in First Circle," Pierce replied. (In that book, t h r e e major Jewish characters--Rubin, Kagan, and Roitman--are depicted a s defenders of evil.) "It's in August 1 9 1 4 too,” I said. (The anarchist and assassin Bogrov, Jewish, is weak and cowardly, a spineless intellectual, attached to luxury, self-pitying, and described with serpentine imagery. 8 ) "I should read that book. I got started on it, but then something happened and I didn’t finish it.” “I have noticed,” I said to Pierce, “that when Solzhenitsyn has b e e n questioned about his anti-Semitism, he denies it. He says, 'Oh no, I h a v e nothing against the Jews. These are isolated characters who just happen t o be Jews. I am simply describing history.' I don’t know w h a t Solzhenitsyn's views about Jews really are, but he may think along t h e same lines as you do and made a tactical decision as to how to m o s t effectively express what he thinks given the situation he is in. Have y o u ever thought that it might be better for you if you muted your criticism of Jews some, been more diplomatic about it, that maybe you would be a b l e to reach more people if you approached it that way instead of head-on?" "Maybe it would be easier for me if I came at it that way. But see, I've been doing this for thirty-two years, and while I suppose for all t h a t time I could have taken on a role that was unnatural to me, I just d i d n ' t want to do it. The only way for me is to do what is natural to me, and t h a t is to say what I really believe and really feel. I'm not being critical of Solzhenitsyn; I'm just talking about my way. Besides, I think it is necessary for s o m e b o d y to be an extremist, for s o m e b o d y to say it all, even the things that frighten people or that they don't want to hear. I think that is my natural role. Others who are a lot more people-oriented than I am, who are more accustomed to adjusting what they say and d o because of their interactions with other people, they can give a m o r e moderate message that is a lot easier for the average person to accept. But that is not my way. Perhaps I could have done it that way for a while, b u t I don't think I could have done it for as long as I have been doing t h i s work.

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“In a certain way, what I am doing is self-indulgent. Very f e w people are able, as I am, to indulge themselves by saying exactly w h a t they want to say. Most people have to interact with a lot of different t y p e s of individuals every day. They have to be diplomatic and careful in w h a t they say. And that makes sense. You can't go around offending y o u r neighbors and co-workers. Tact and politeness and those kinds of things are important in keeping a society running smoothly. I try to be polite. I try not to offend people unnecessarily. But at the same time, I'll be t h e guy who goes ahead and says it when other people don't. If I figure o u t something and think it is true and important and ought to be said, I say it. I don't hold back. I don't moderate it. I don't round off the rough edges t o avoid offending people. Oh, that isn't entirely true--there are some t i m e s when there is no point in getting into a lot of hairy and off-putting details on something if they can be described in terms that are a bit obtuse. A word to the wise is sufficient. The right people will understand t h e message without having to stampede the sheep. But mostly, let's put i t that way, I indulge myself in the luxury of telling the truth, the whole truth, and nothing besides the truth as I see it. That's one of the payoffs of doing this work.”

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1 6 ____________ BOB MATHEWS The 1983 National Alliance’s annual convention was held in September i n Washington, D.C., and Pierce invited a young mine worker from the Pacific Northwest by the name of Bob Mathews to give a talk. Mathews had b e e n an Alliance member for three years and actively recruiting new m e m b e r s for Pierce's organization among the farmers and ranchers and working people around where he lived in Washington state. Pierce asked him t o tell the people at the convention about how that effort was going, as well as about the situation generally in his part of the country. Bob agreed t o do that and wrote out his speech on his dining table at home and flew o u t to Washington for the conference. Pierce looked forward to Bob's talk and publicized it in the m o n t h l y bulletin sent out to Alliance members. He included Bob's picture and a short write-up on Bob's recruiting activities. What Pierce didn't know w a s what Bob had in mind to do. Bob had really taken to The Turner Diaries. He pored over every word in the book and gave it to his friends to r e a d along with his highest recommendation. But the thing about Bob was t h a t he wasn't content to just read the book and agree with what it said. Bob was a man of action. He had a fire burning inside him; that is what people said about him. He was going to create an Order of his own, like the one i n the book, and start a revolution like the one he had read about. Bob m e a n t business. Bob's talk was awaited with a measure of anticipation by the o n e hundred or so in attendance at the convention because of the picture a n d write-up that had appeared in the Alliance bulletin. The Bob M a t h e w s they saw at the podium that day was a boyish-looking man thirty years of age. He was about 5’7” and had a trim muscular build. He was goodlooking with even facial features. His dark brown hair was short a n d parted to the side and it tended to fall forward onto his forehead. Those who knew Bob said he had hazel eyes that shined with intensity a n d purpose--that was what you noticed about him when you looked at him, they said. Most people who came to know Bob saw him as a serious a n d forceful person, and they liked him. Even those who detested his politics liked Bob the man. 1 In pictures I have seen of him, he reminds me of a n enlisted man home on leave or, another association that comes to mind, t h e

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young working-class fathers I see walking past the stores in a shopping mall with their wives, their young children in a stroller. An audio tape exists of Mathews' talk. His voice is youthful. There is a tension and fervor in his delivery that gives a sense of immediacy a n d electricity to the occasion. Bob talked about ten minutes or so, not long. Excerpts from what he had to say that day in the late summer of 1983 give a sense of his message: My brothers and sisters, from the mist-shrouded forested valleys and mountains of the Pacific Northwest I bring you a message of solidarity, a call to action, and a demand f o r adherence to duty as members of a vanguard of an A r y a n resurgence and, ultimately, total Aryan victory. The signs of awakening are sprouting up across the Northwest, and no m o r e than among the two-fisted farmers and ranchers...The task is not going to be easy. TV satellite dishes are springing up like poisonous mushrooms across the domain of the tillers of t h e soil. The electronic Jew is slithering into the living rooms of even the most remote farms and ranches. The race-destroying dogs are everywhere. In Metaline Falls, we have broken t h e chains of Jewish thought. We know not the meaning of t h e word "mine"; it is "ours": our race, the totality of our people. Ten hearts, one beat! One hundred hearts, one beat! T e n thousand hearts, one beat! We were born to fight and die a n d to continue the flow of our people. The future is now! So s t a n d up like men and drive the enemy to the sea! Stand up like men and swear a sacred oath upon the green graves of o u r sires that you will reclaim what our forefathers discovered, explored, conquered, settled, built, and died for! Stand up like men and reclaim our soil! Look toward the stars and proclaim our destiny! In Metaline Falls we have a saying: Defeat, n e v e r ! Victory forever! 2 Bob's talk received a standing ovation. year.

He would be dead in a little over a

Robert Jay Mathews was born in Marfa, Texas in 1953 and grew up i n Arizona, around Phoenix. From the time he was a teenager, Bob had a fierce racial pride in being a Caucasian. It wasn't merely a matter of h i s being prejudiced against minorities, harboring antagonistic feelings t o w a r d them, resenting them, as is usually attributed to whites who hold strong racial views. Bob wasn't so much against anything as he was f o r something: white people. He held the conviction that it was white m e n

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who had created the greatness that is Western civilization. He was also convinced that America was in a decline and that whites were being brought down to far less than they once were, and that they had to d o something about that. When still a teenager, he joined the John Birch Society, and he tried to start a survivalist-type group called the Sons of Liberty, but that didn't get very far. Bob also got involved with a t a x protest movement in Arizona. He wound up getting arrested and put o n probation for not paying his taxes. 3 After high school, Bob didn't go on to college, much to t h e disappointment of his parents. Bob told them that he didn't want to go through all the liberal propaganda they shove down your throat in college, and anyway he wanted to get on with his life. He wanted to get out of Phoenix, that was for sure. There were too many laws, too many u r b a n problems, too many minorities, and just too many people in general. So when he was in his early twenties Bob got out a map of North America a n d started running his finger over it. His finger came to rest on an isolated village in Washington state, Metaline Falls, the last town before t h e Canadian border. Bob loaded up his pickup and drove to Metaline Falls t o begin a new life. Right away, he found a laboring job in a lead and zinc mine. 4 One writer describes the place Bob went to in these terms: Minorities were virtually absent from the Metaline Falls area, and a white man living there could imagine that he w a s existing in a country that wasn't ethnically diverse or full of crowded, complicated cities. A man could dream of starting over here, of rebuilding his life from scratch. Mathews also loved the landscape the town was set in. Canada's Selkirk Mountains rose in the distance. At dawn full-grown d e e r walked across the main street of Metaline Falls. Heavy s n o w only made the hills and evergreens more beautiful. God's country. It was the kind of climate one would find in n o r t h e r n Europe, where the Aryan and Scandinavian people h a d flourished before their heirs came to America. In centuries past those ethnic groups had given rise to Norse and Viking sagas, grand tales of the courage and strength of n o r t h e r n warriors in battle. They had no fear of death: If they p e r i s h e d heroically, the Valkyries (the handmaidens of Odin, t h e Supreme Being of Norse mythology) would whisk their souls away to Valhalla, where they'd be enshrined in the great hall of immortality. A modern-day religion, Odinism, has s p r u n g from these sagas. Bob Mathews was familiar with it; he liked

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it. He regarded it the same way he regarded the n o r t h w e s t e r n passage--both could inspire a man to become a hero. 5 It wasn't long before Bob could afford to buy fifty acres of land i n the area and put a mobile home on it. Bob tried a lot of ways to make t h e land profitable over the years, crops and such, but nothing ever really panned out. Bob wanted to start a family, and he met his wife in a n unconventional way, through an ad in the nationally-circulated M o t h e r Earth News. His ad read, "Looking for a mature, intelligent woman, 1 8 - 2 5 , to share my life and land in Washington." Eventually one hundred t h i r t y women replied. The letter that most caught Bob’s attention was from a Kansan who had moved to Wyoming after college by the name of Debbie McGarrity. Debbie wrote Bob that she thought that the most important job a woman could do was to raise children. "You can't have a good society unless the home is a decent place," Debbie wrote.6 Bob drove to Wyoming to meet Debbie. They hit it off and s h e moved to Metaline Falls and they were married in 1976. As it turned out, Debbie and Bob didn't have children of their own, but they did adopt a son. Later, a couple of months before his death, Bob was to have a child of h i s own, a daughter, with a woman he met through the movement, Zillah Craig. Right after Bob returned home from his speech at the National Alliance convention, he gathered together eight men in a barracks-like structure h e had erected near his mobile home. He said, "I've asked you to come h e r e because I think we share a common goal." Earlier he had talked to t h e m about forming an Order like the one in The Turner Diaries, a group of kinsman who would let their deeds do their talking for them. The goal w a s to carve out a part of Eastern Washington as a homeland for the w h i t e race, purged of Jews and minorities. They would use The Turner Diaries as a blueprint for getting that done. 7 Bob told the group he had set up a plan. He said it involved robbing pornography stores and pimps and counterfeiting money as a way to r a i s e funds. It also involved assassinating both Jews and Gentiles who w e r e contributing to the destruction of the white race. "I'm telling you now," Bob said, "if any of you don't want to get involved in this, you are free t o leave." 8 No one left. "I'm going to ask each of you to take an oath that you will r e m a i n true to this cause," Bob continued. "I would like to remind all of you w h a t is at stake here. It is our children, kinsmen, and their very economic a n d racial survival. Because of that, I would like to place a white child b e f o r e

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us as we take this oath."9 A six-week-old daughter of one of those p r e s e n t was placed in the center of the circle as a symbol of a Caucasian f u t u r e they were about to pledge to create. She stared up at the figures looming above her in the glow of the candles. The men clasped hands and recited an oath of loyalty and commitment to their race and cause that Bob h a d written: . I, as an Aryan warrior, swear myself to complete secrecy to t h e Order and total loyalty to my comrades. Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you fall in battle, I will see to the welfare and well-being of your family. Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should one of you be taken prisoner, I will do whatever is necessary t o regain your freedom. Let me bear witness to you, my brothers, that should an e n e m y agent hurt you, I will chase him to the ends of the earth a n d remove his head from his body. And furthermore, let me bear witness to you, my brothers, t h a t if I break this oath, let me be forever cursed upon the lips of our people as a coward and an oath breaker. My brothers, let us go forth by ones and twos, by scores and b y legions, and as true Aryan men with pure hearts and strong minds face the enemies of our faith and our race with courage and determination. We hereby invoke the blood covenant and declare that we a r e in a full state of war and will not lay down our weapons until we have driven the enemy into the sea and reclaimed the l a n d which was promised to our fathers of old, and through o u r blood and His will, becomes the land of our children to be.1 0 Actually, the group did try, at least at the beginning, to raise m o n e y through legitimate means: they obtained a trail-clearing contract with t h e U.S. Forest Service. But that didn’t bring in enough money fast enough. So Bob and two others in the group robbed a porn shop in Spokane, with o n e of Bob's partners in this undertaking slugging one of the clerks in t h e

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process. Their take was thirty-six dollars. Not much, but things escalated from there. Later on, Bob walked into a Seattle branch of Citibank, h a n d e d the teller a note and walked off with almost twenty-six thousand dollars. 1 1 A snapshot exists of a smiling Bob Mathews in a long-sleeve flannel s h i r t holding a Halloween trick-or-treat bag containing the money. Then t h e r e were the armored car holdups: The group captured the courier of a n armored car while it was parked in front of a Fred Meyers d e p a r t m e n t store and made off with forty-three thousand dollars. And they h i t another armored car, this one parked in front of a Bon Marché outlet, a n d the take on that one was a half million dollars.1 2 As for terrorism, the Order bombed an adult movie theater i n downtown Seattle and a Boise, Idaho synagogue. Neither bomb did m u c h People t h r e w damage. 13 They began talking about whom to assassinate. out names ranging from Henry Kissinger to David Rockefeller to Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center. The one they wound up “taking out,” however, was a controversial Jewish radio call-in host from Denver by the name of Alan Berg. The killing later became the basis for the film Talk Radio directed by Oliver Stone. It seems that one of the Order h a d lived in the Denver area and was very put off by Berg, who went off o n monologues on the joys of oral sex, the flaws in Christianity, why w h i t e s were afraid of blacks, and how white women fantasized about sleeping with black men. 14 Berg particularly liked to egg on right-wing callers ("Everything you said is a lie, OK? You have made up and inferred a thought, like all fanatics, like John Birchers, like Klansmen, like all t h o s e folks.") 1 5 Bob masterminded the hit on Berg. He and several others of t h e Order drove to Denver. They ambushed Berg getting out of his car in f r o n t of his apartment. One of the members of the Order, not Bob, started firing from close up. Bullets hit Berg in the face, neck, and torso. The garage door behind Berg splintered from the spray of bullets. When Berg w a s found lying face up in a pool of blood, the cigarette he had been holding was still lit. Autopsy reports couldn't be sure how many shots there w e r e because Berg was twisting at the time he was shot, although it w a s probably around twelve. Two slugs struck near Berg's left eye and exited on the right side of his neck. Others hit the left side of Berg's head a n d exited from his neck and the back of his skull.1 6 The armored-car stick-ups continued. The biggest one took place o n the side of a highway near Ukiah, California, in the northern part of t h e state. Bob and eleven others in two pickup trucks forced a Brinks truck t o stop and jumped out of their trucks wearing bandannas over their faces. One of them held up a sign that read "Get Out or Die." Bob jumped onto t h e front bumper of the truck and shouted for the two guards to get out, b u t

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they seemed frozen and didn't move. One of the robbers, a man n a m e d Pierce (no relation), then proceeded to blow dime-sized holes in t h e windshield with an automatic weapon. That did the trick--the g u a r d s opened the door and scrambled out. All this was going on with traffic going by on the highway. People gawked as they went by, and some stopped up the road. It must h a v e seemed unreal to the passers-by, like a movie. The group started a chain to unload the bags of money out of the money compartment in back of t h e armored truck. Time was passing--they had given themselves five minutes to complete the job, and it already was approaching s e v e n minutes. Somebody could have called the highway patrol. A traffic j a m - they hadn't thought of that until now--could block their way out. Bob w a s inside the truck frantically scooping up money bags and passing them on. They had to get out of there! In all the excitement, Bob didn't notice t h a t the 9 mm pistol he was carrying had fallen out of his pocket. It l a t e r turned out to be a fateful error, because the gun was eventually traced t o him, and the FBI knew whom it was looking for. Finally the men j u m p e d in their pickups and sped away, tossing nails out of the back to slow d o w n anyone chasing them. 1 7 The Order made a clean getaway (except for the gun left behind), a n d when they counted up the money they found that the take was a whopping 3.6 million dollars. 18 They used some of the money for salaries, and most of them quit their regular jobs. Money went into things like mobile homes and a ski condo. They also purchased one hundred ten ac re s in Idaho and one hundred sixty acres in Missouri to use as paramilitary camps. Money went for all-terrain vehicles and guns and ammunition. Two members of the group formed a company called Mountain M a n Supply Company with the intention of using it to provide supplies to t h e Order. 19 But the use--or at least the alleged use--of the haul from t h e Ukiah Brinks robbery that is of most interest in this context came a b o u t during Bob’s trip east with Zillah Craig, who was the woman in his life b y this point and pregnant with his child. As far as I know, Bob n e v e r divorced Debbie. In September of 1984, Bob and Zillah went to Arlington, Virginia a n d met with Bob's idol, William Pierce. Zillah said that Bob treated Pierce w i t h reverence approaching worship. She reported that a baby grand piano took up much of one of the rooms in the small apartment that Pierce shared with his wife (his second--he had remarried in 1982). Zillah s a y s that Pierce told them of his plans to move his operation to a tiny town i n West Virginia called Mill Point. It was near the birthplace of the w r i t e r Pearl Buck, Pierce told them. Bob and Pierce then went into a b e d r o o m and Zillah didn't hear what they had talked about. She said she spent t h e

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time while Bob and Pierce were together with Pierce's wife, whose t a l k about her interest in parapsychology and the supernatural Zillah said g a v e her the “creeps.” 2 0 Zillah says that the next day she saw Bob put a large sum of money, she isn't sure how much it was, in a paper bag. Pierce, she says, came t o the hotel, and he and Bob went outside and sat on a bench n e a r b y . Through the window, Zillah says, she saw Bob give Pierce the paper bag. 2 1 Jerry Dale, former county sheriff in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, reports that shortly after this meeting with Mathews was said to h a v e taken place, Pierce paid ninety-five thousand dollars cash for the t h r e e hundred forty-six acre plot of land on which he now lives.2 2 I remember getting the impression from my discussions with Pierce that the money for the West Virginia property came from donations f r o m the people who attended his Sunday night meetings in Arlington and h i s own savings. Although as I think about it, he hadn’t really said specifically where the money had come from, only that he bought the land with t h e money he had “accumulated.” I decided not to ask Pierce straight o u t where he obtained the money to buy the West Virginia property. If h e had gotten it from Mathews, I wouldn’t have expected him to say, "Sure, I bought this place with Brinks robbery loot," so I didn’t see any point i n bringing it up. I did talk to an individual who was close to the scene i n those years, however, and when I asked him whether Pierce could h a v e come up with that much money from the people who went to his S u n d a y night talks, he replied with a laugh, "Those people? They didn't h a v e anything." I told Pierce about the comment of the individual I spoke t o and he replied, “What that person told you was very misleading. The people who attended my Cosmotheist meetings were mostly professionals. They did have money, and many of them gave it.” I'll leave it there. Just like Pierce's fictional Order in The Turner Diaries, Bob Mathews' Order got into counterfeiting money. Along with the dropped pistol, t h e counterfeiting activity turned out to be Bob's downfall. What happened is that one of the people who had agreed to help pass the money was a m a n named Thomas Martinez. Bob had met Martinez in the National Alliance. Martinez got caught trying to pass one of the fake bills and cut a deal w i t h authorities. In return for the FBI going easy on him, Martinez would tell them where to find Mathews. Martinez told the FBI that he was scheduled to meet Bob shortly at a Sheraton Motel in Portland, Oregon, and t h e y could follow him out there.2 3 On the day of the meeting, FBI agents and Portland city SWAT t e a m members converged on the motel. Bob was in room 42. The other guests were herded into the motel's small lounge and told to keep their h e a d s

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down. Bob went outside his room to stretch and spotted a man hiding i n the bushes and realized what was up and bolted down the stairs past a female agent who fired a shot at him. The shot missed Bob, and the slug smashed through the window of the lounge where the other guests w e r e crouched down and ricocheted off a stone fireplace. Somehow Bob got out of there and ran about two blocks down t h e street and got behind a concrete pillar next to an apartment complex. Bob later reported it was at this point he decided to stop being the hunted a n d become the hunter. A couple of officers chasing him ran up to the pillar and Bob fired, wounding one of them in the shin and foot. Bob l a t e r claimed that he had at first aimed at the officer's head, but when he s a w that he was a handsome white man he lowered his aim. The other officer blasted a shotgun and the pellets smashed into Bob's exposed gun h a n d and searing pain shot up his arm and blood shot from the wound. Bob managed to escape, but the hand injury would throb for the remaining weeks that he had left to live.2 4 Bob managed to make it to a house on Whidbey Island off the coast of Seattle. There he wrote up a "declaration of war." The excerpts below give an indication of his mindset at that time: It is now a dark and dismal time in the history of our race. All about us lie the green graves of our sires, yet, in a land once ours, we have become a people dispossessed. By the millions, those not of our blood violate our borders a n d mock our claim to sovereignty. Yet our people only react w i t h lethargy. A great sickness has overcome us. Why do our people d o nothing? What madness is this? Has the cancer of racial masochism consumed our very will to exist? Our heroes and our culture have been insulted and degraded. The mongrel hordes clamor to sever us from our inheritance. Yet our people do not care. Throughout this land our children are being coerced into accepting non-whites for their idols, their companions, and, worst of all, their mates. A course which is taking us straight into oblivion. Yet our people do not see. Not by accident but by design these terrible things have come to pass. It is self-evident to all who have eyes to see that a n

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evil shadow has fallen across our once fair land. Evidence abounds that a certain vile, alien people [he is obviously referring to Jews] have taken control over our country. All about us the land is dying. Our cities swarm with d u s k y hordes. The water is rancid and the air is rank. Our farms a r e being seized by usurious leeches [another reference to Jews] and our people are being forced off the land. They close the factories, the mills, the mines, and ship our jobs overseas. Yet our people do not awaken. The Aryan yeomanry [small landholders] is awakening. A long forgotten wind is starting to blow. Do you hear t h e approaching thunder? It is that of the awakened Saxon. War is upon the land. The tyrant's blood will flow. We will resign ourselves no more to be ruled by a g o v e r n m e n t based on mobocracy. We, from this day forward, declare we n o longer consider the regime in Washington to be valid a n d lawful representative of all Aryans who refuse to submit to t h e coercion and subtle tyranny placed upon us by Tel Aviv a n d their lackeys in Washington. We recognize that the mass of o u r people have been put into a lobotomized, lethargic state of blind obedience and we will not take part anymore in collective racial suicide! This is war!2 5 The "declaration Congress." Excerpts:

of war"

was

followed

by

an

"open

letter

All of you together are not solely responsible for what h a s happened to America, but each of you, without exception, is partly responsible. And the day will come when each of y o u will be called to account for that responsibility. The day will come when your complicity in the betrayal of t h e 55,000 Americans who were sacrificed in Vietnam will b e called to account. The day will come when your subservience to the a n t i American "Israel Lobby" will be called into account. Your v o t e s

to

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to strip American arsenals so that Zionists can hold on to stolen land [and] your acquiescence in a policy which has turned o u r Arab friends into enemies--those things are inexcusable. The day will come when, above all else, you will pay f o r betraying your race. Most of you will say that you are against the forced racial busing of school children, that you are against the "reverse discrimination" which takes jobs away f r o m Whites and gives them to Blacks, that you are against t h e flooding of America with illegal immigrants, because you k n o w these things are unpopular. But you brought every one of these plagues down on our heads. You passed the "civil rights” laws which gave us busing in the first place, and then y o u refused repeatedly to specifically outlaw this monstrous c r i m e against our children. It was your scramble for Black votes a n d your cowardice in the face of the controlled news media which allowed our cities to become crime-infested jungles. You set u p the requirements that employers had to meet racial quotas. And you passed the immigration laws which started the flood of non-White immigrants into America--a flood that is out of control. We hold you responsible for all these things: for every White child terrorized in a racially-mixed school, for every White person murdered in one of our urban jungles, for every White woman raped by one of the arrogant "equals" roaming o u r streets, for every White family hungry and desperate because a White worker's job was given to a Black. Each day the list grows longer, but the day will come when the whole score will be settled and you will pay for every one of these debts i n full. 2 6 On November 25th, 1984 Bob wrote a letter to a small w e e k l y newspaper in Newport, Washington which said, "It is logical to assume t h a t my days on this planet are rapidly drawing to a close. Even so, I have n o fear. For the reality of life is death. I have made the ultimate sacrifice t o secure the future for my children....As always, for blood, honor, for faith and for race."2 7 On December 7th, the FBI had the Whidbey Island house s u r r o u n d e d . They'd caught up with Bob again. He was alone in the house. This t i m e they were going to be sure that he didn't get away. One hundred a g e n t s

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surrounded the house. They cut off his electricity. They attempted t o negotiate through a bullhorn--"Come out and we won't harm you." Bob was having none of that. He wasn't coming out of there. His hand m a n g l e d and throbbing, he opened fire with an automatic weapon. 2 8 The standoff went on through the night and into the next day. By this time, the press had converged on the site. The FBI lofted in tear gas. Bob must have had a gas mask. He continued to f i r e - - d a - d a - d a - d a - d a - d a da-da-da-da-da-da. They issued an ultimatum—“Give up or we're coming in to get you.” More automatic weapon fire from Bob. At 3:00 p.m. on that day, December 8th, a SWAT team went into t h e house. When they got inside, bullets rained down on them through t h e ceiling from the floor above. The SWAT team returned fire as t h e y retreated. Later that evening, after it had gotten dark, a helicopter flew o v e r the house and dropped white phosphorous illumination flares onto t h e roof. The house ignited, and flames shot one hundred feet into the air. Bullets came ripping through the walls from inside the burning house--Bob was still firing away! The agents kept down as the slugs whistled t h r o u g h the night air and split the trees above them. Then everything was still. The next morning, in the charred ruins of the house they found a body burned beyond recognition. Dental records determined it to be t h a t of Bob Mathews.2 9 "Bob was a very intense young man,” Pierce told me, “and quite different from the weaklings I see so many of in America today. If Bob saw a situation that called for intervention, or action, he would jump up and d o something, while other people would just talk about it. The typical m a l e these days might talk with his buddies about what ought to be done, say, to the government. He might even express his outrage. But he wouldn't d o anything. He wouldn't do what any respectable white male one h u n d r e d , two hundred, a thousand years ago would have done. But Bob M a t h e w s was different in that regard. He was a serious man who took things seriously. It was what impressed me about him and made me respect h i m and remember him more than anything else. It wasn't that he was a g r e a t thinker--he was more of an activist. He distributed leaflets and organized, things like that. "He was a National Alliance member and came to our national meeting in Washington in 1983. Bob had been passing out leaflets a n d books and organizing up in his part of the country for a couple of years. The economic situation with a lot of the people he had been working with

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--truckers, forest workers, farmers--was pretty grim. There were a lot of repossessions of farms and a lot of people were out of work, and Bob h a d decided the time for tougher action had come. He didn't see that what h e had been doing up to then was making a big difference. Bob was a v e r y frustrated and impatient young man. He gave a talk at our meeting. I wouldn't call it a skillful oration exactly, but it came from the heart. "After Bob's talk at the convention, I got together with him and said, 'Bob, you gave a very good talk. But don't be misled by the fact t h a t people up in the Pacific Northwest that you are around seem in a bit m o r e revolutionary mood than the rest of the country and jump the gun.' See, he had the idea that if he started something he could provide an example others would follow. This Aryan Nations outfit is nearby in Hayden Lake, Idaho, and he visited there and recruited some of those people, and he got some people from around where he lived in Washington state. I s u p p o s e he had around twenty people involved with him at the peak, although there were maybe eight or nine of them that were core members of h i s operation. They started robbing banks and heisting armored cars and s o forth. God, the things they were doing were really breathtaking! "Not only was Bob knocking over banks and so forth, but he and h i s group were going around the country recruiting people for t h e i r revolutionary army. He thought that this effort of his could snowball. T h e technique went something like this: They'd come into some city, Atlanta say, and they would rent a house and fill up a couple of tables in the h o u s e with stacks of money from their latest bank robbery, and some copies of The Turner Diaries, and hand grenades and machine guns and w h a t e v e r else they had. They had this list of supposed patriots in the a r e a - sometimes in a previous town they would ask, 'We're going to Atlanta next, do you know anybody who would be a good prospect for us?" And so t h e y would get a list of names and addresses. Bob thought that when people saw all the money they had heisted and the military weapons and so o n they would say, 'Sign me up! And I have three friends; let me get them o n the telephone and get them over here!’ "So Bob and his group would bring the people on the list over to t h e i r safe house as they called it--CIA terminology they had adopted--and t h e y would say, 'OK, the revolution has started, and you've been chosen t o participate!’ The guy's eyes would bug out and he would see the table full of money and machine guns, and typically what would happen is he'd say, 'Oh great, that's wonderful, the revolution has started, yeah. You know, I've got to think about this for a little while, guys. Let me go home a n d talk to my wife and I'll get right back to you.' And zoom! this guy's a s s doesn't touch his shirt until he had put a lot of distance between himself and Mathews and the rest of them. He'd get home and call up all t h e people he knew and he'd say, 'God damn, you know what I just saw?’ He'd

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be all excited and he'd talk about it and it would end right there. He'd b e sympathetic and everything, he wasn't trying to mess those guys up, b u t he wasn't going to stick his neck out. "How Bob managed to last as long as he did, I'll never know. He survived one shoot-out with the FBI in a motel up in Portland--his h a n d was hit with buckshot. What led to his downfall was he got into counterfeiting money [an activity the Turner Diaries' Order did as well] a n d one of the members of his group was caught passing and then turned." "Tom Martinez." "That's the one. Martinez had been in the National Alliance. That's where Bob first got together with him. Bob had a few good soldiers w h o were willing to follow him and do what he told them to do to the best of their ability, but he also had some defective people like Martinez. I'd h a d to throw him out of the Alliance. What happened was that Martinez had a pal in Philadelphia where he was from by the name of Howard Brown. T h e Alliance unit leader up there was Alan Balogh, basically a good s t u r d y fellow. Balogh would do things like staple Alliance placards to telephone poles, and he would punch out anybody who gave him a bad time while h e was doing it. Sometimes this would result in legal difficulties, and o n e time when Balogh got fined five hundred dollars I took up a collection a t one of our national conventions to pay his fine. “Well, the next year Martinez and Brown wanted me to take up a collection for them because they had been fined for disorderly conduct. They had been talking loudly in a restaurant about niggers, and s o m e liberal white woman took exception to it and made some politically correct remark to them, and Martinez, Brown, and the woman got into a n argument. The manager told Martinez and Brown to get out, and they left with a lot of words and threats. The manager called the police, and t h e police picked them up and arrested them for disorderly conduct. “I thought the two of them had used poor judgment and had b e h a v e d in a manner I did not want from Alliance members. Plus I had h a d problems of this sort before with Martinez. At the next annual convention, Martinez got up and said that since I had taken up a collection last year f o r this same kind of thing that I ought to do it again. “I explained the difference between last year’s situation and this one. In this case, the two of them hadn’t accomplished anything useful, t h e y were on enemy territory, etc. It was just poor judgment and bad b e h a v i o r on their part. Whereas last year, Balogh was doing a reasonable thing, putting up our posters where others could see them, a good activity that I encourage, and he punched out a heckler only as a last resort. “Martinez stayed up drinking until 4:00 in the morning and w a s going on about how I didn’t have any sympathy for the ordinary working guys out in the street, and he went around and took up a collection on h i s

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own in the face of what I had said about not wanting it. So I threw h i m out. “Anyway, Martinez took a bunch of counterfeit money and b o u g h t some beer with it in Philadelphia. The money wasn't especially good a n d the clerk at the store called the police and they grabbed him when h e - dumb, dumb, DUMB--came back to the very same place the next night t o buy more beer. Martinez sees he's in trouble and throws Mathews to t h e m to save himself. "I talked to Bob's widow, Debbie, afterwards and I told her I felt somewhat responsible. Bob was obviously very much taken with T h e Turner Diaries, and it was clear he drew a lot of the elements from t h e book in the way he did things and the terminology he used and so on. I told her I had told Bob that I didn't think the country was in a revolutionary mood and had urged him not to do this, but maybe I could have said it better. She said it wouldn't have made any difference what I had told Bob. He had made up his mind that this is what he was going t o do, and he figured he wasn't going to survive it." "Bob obviously being inspired by my book made for a big p r o b l e m for me after it happened. The secret police were on my neck for years. They were all over this county and they really wanted to haul me in. I thought I was going to get indicted and put on trial with those others d o w n in Fort Smith." (In 1987, the Justice Department brought sedition charges against thirteen individuals identified with white racialist groups and activities. The indictment accused them of conspiring to overthrow the United States government. After a lengthy trial with over a hundred witnesses a n d thousands of pages of documents, all the defendants were acquitted. Undoubtedly Pierce's concerns had to do not only with the possibility of a conviction and jail time but also the time and energy that a trial w o u l d require and the likelihood that no matter what its outcome it would d r a i n if not break him financially.30 ) "What impressions of Bob Mathews stick with you?” "Well, there's his charisma and his leadership ability. But the m a i n thing for me is that Bob was just a very honest and sincere sort of person. He was the sort of person you need very badly if you're going to have a revolution. A person who is totally dedicated, who will put his life on t h e line without even thinking about it, who will do whatever it takes, w h e t h e r it means machine-gunning a crowd of people or walking into the jaws of death. Bob was ready to it, and not because he was a thrill-seeker o r wanted attention or praise. He was ready to do it because it needed to b e done.”

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1 7 ____________ TO WEST VIRGINIA "You moved from the Washington, D.C. area in 1985 to this remote area i n West Virginia,” I said to Pierce. “What precipitated the move?" "I’d lived in Washington for eighteen years and it was getting to me,” Pierce replied. “I finally decided that I am just not an urbanite. For o n e thing, I don’t like crowds. They make me nervous. Now, I don't even like going to shop in Lewisburg [a town forty miles from where he lives i n West Virginia]. I prefer having just a few people around me whom I k n o w and trust. I suppose psychologists have a name for it, label it a neurosis of some kind, but I don't think it is all that uncommon or unnatural, really. During the development of this country, many people if they h a d neighbors within a mile of them started to feel cramped and they m o v e d further west. I just wanted some space around me, some privacy. Plus I don't like noise and I don't like pollution. And I don’t want to get up to a n alarm clock and put on a suit and tie and drive someplace. And the t r u t h is I had just sort of OD’d on blacks in Washington. I was reacting in a v e r y negative way to the sight of all of them around everywhere. I was doing some things back in Washington that if I'd been caught it would h a v e gotten me put in jail for the rest of my life. So I figured that I had b e t t e r get out of this town, and I did.” "When you say you were doing some things in Washington t h a t would have put you in jail for the rest of your life, is that just a figure of speech?" "No, I was doing some crazy things. I wrote Hunter [his novel, b e g u n in 1983 and published in 1989] about what Oscar Yeager was doing a n d why he was doing it. 1 [Yeager was killing interracial couples and Jews.] Yeager was engaged in what could be called terrorist activity, but he w a s doing it primarily for therapeutic reasons. When he started blowing a w a y racially mixed couples he didn't expect to make a big change in society. I t was just that he couldn't live with himself if he didn't do something t o oppose what he saw happening around him. I didn't do what he did, but I was doing things that were ill-advised. Washington is very cosmopolitan and imbued with government spirit. I was drowning in that g o d d a m n environment. I hated it. I was feeling a sense of desperation, and I reacted. If I had stayed I probably would have gotten caught. But fortunately I was able to get away from there."

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I never found out what Pierce was doing in Washington, if anything, that would have gotten him into trouble. One other time, he briefly mentioned a “blackness” he had felt in Washington toward the end of h i s time there and said that if he had stayed they would have caught h i m blowing something up and put him in prison. For obvious reasons h e wasn’t about to go into details of what he had been doing in Washington, and for the sake of our relationship and my overall goals for the book I didn’t think it wise to get into an inquisitorial and adversarial exchange with him over something that wasn’t going to bear fruit in any case. So I went with him when he changed the focus of the discussion. "Let me get back to my personal motivations for coming out here t o West Virginia,” Pierce said. “There's also something beyond wanting t o have some room and having had enough of Washington. It is t h e Cosmotheist Community idea. I wanted to see whether we could create a new and better environment for families and kids, and people in general. I thought people would come out here with me, or if not that, that t h e y would come along later. I thought such a nice place as this is would a t t r a c t people to the Alliance who wanted to be a part of this. But it turned o u t that the rest of the world was not as ready for the move as I was, so t h e population has remained small out here. To me, this is an ideal environment. I've never liked anyplace as much, and I've lived all o v e r the country--Virginia, Georgia, Texas, California, Colorado, Oregon, a n d Connecticut. But apparently mine is a minority view. Apparently city life has an attraction for a lot of people it doesn't have for me." "Apart from wanting to live in a racially and culturally homogeneous environment and your own preferences around living with fewer people and closer to the land, are you generally against urban life?" "I do think that cities have developed in some unhealthy ways. T h e y have gotten too congested and polluted, and they have become inefficient in many ways. When I had my office in Washington and my wife and I were living in Fredericksburg where she was teaching, I tried commuting every day. But I was spending an hour-and-a-half in the morning and t h e evening in the bloody traffic, and my personality is not well adapted t o that. I get road rage, I guess it is called--really irritated. I know s o m e people are better adapted to that kind of situation than I am, but still, I don't think it is healthy for people to waste three hours in traffic jams. "Cities have changed since I was a kid, and I've changed too, and I suppose the things that are different about cities now get to me more t h a n they would have if I hadn't changed in the ways I have. For instance, when I was an undergraduate at Rice University from 1951 to 1955, f o r t y five years ago, Houston was primarily a white city. There were blacks a n d Mexicans, but they were separate. Interactions between the white a n d non-white communities were regulated. So you had a white society. T h e

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white community could essentially function by itself. Black music a n d black crime and all the rest of it didn't intrude on white society. All t h e things we did that were bad, wrong, degenerate, were our own, n o t somebody else's. Although, as I think about it that isn't strictly t r u e - - t h e Jews were just getting going with television and the music industry. But basically, at least as I remember it, city life wasn't too bad back then. "I lived in an apartment near the Rice campus, and t h e neighborhoods around there were white and decent, with normal h e a l t h y people. There weren't drugs, and the kids didn't sulk and rebel. In t h e future, post-revolution, we will need to create cities that are healthier, where people can work together and interact with one another without all the congestion, pollution, and other crap that comes with urban life." I was reminded at this point of a novel by Jack London that I k n e w Pierce had read, Valley of the Moon.2 It depicts a young couple who m a k e a break from the squalor of city life. They embark on foot to find t h e i r place on earth, their land. The book presents a positive picture of a lifestyle based on a closeness to the soil and a rejection of urban v a l u e s and problems. The story is set in northern California and depicts a place less crowded than today where the natural environment still made t h e predominant impact on one's sensibilities. When I read it I thought of Pierce's own journey to West Virginia. "Is your message, say, to a y o u n g couple just starting out,” I asked Pierce, “that they should take the kind of walk that Billy and Saxon [the central characters in the book, a y o u n g married couple] took in Valley of the M o o n --to quit trying to cope o r insulate yourself from the alienating and distressing aspects of m o d e r n urban existence and just go somewhere and leave it all behind?" "I'm not like some Old Testament prophet telling people to get out of the city or face the wrath of God,” Pierce replied. “I understand people a r e tied to their work there. And there can be a very healthy exchange a m o n g people in the city. I remember the stimulation I had living near t h e university in Houston and Pasadena. Plus many people are dependent o n the support structure of the city and really don't know how to do things for themselves and really aren't interested in learning. And besides that, there are people who simply prefer city life. There is no point in m e telling a city-bred person who agrees with our philosophy but who loves city life to get off his ass and get out of the city. He's not going to do it f o r one thing, and he would be miserable if he did. "I think it is more a matter of making cities liveable again, as t h e y once were. We forget that cities weren't always the dangerous, alienating places they are today. Oh, I wish the average Alliance member w e r e n ' t quite so soft and dependent. I'd like to see a few more of the rugged, selfreliant sort of people. For one thing, I think having people of that k i n d around will be important to our future. We need to be able to meet t h e

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challenge of surviving a sudden and traumatic upheaval. But I'm not o n e to tell people to go find their ‘valley of the moon.’ "It does gall me, though, the way people have developed into economic serfs since the Industrial Revolution. I have the feeling that t h e economic endeavors five hundred years ago were better in terms of raising families, and they were just saner and more compatible with what h u m a n beings need all the way around. Some people were farmers, some lived i n villages and towns and were burghers and craftsman, and there was a healthy interdependence among them. If, for example, someone m a d e shoes, he had his workshop and his showroom where customers came i n and looked at the types of boots they could get and where they could b e measured and fitted for boots that he would make for them. The shoemaker lived over his shop and his whole family participated in t h e work, even the three-year-old who picked up scraps of leather off t h e floor and swept out every evening. “Sometimes the skills needed in these enterprises were of the s o r t that a kid wouldn't learn naturally from his father, so he'd be a p p r e n t i c e d to a master to learn violin-making or whatever it was. It was a reasonable system: the various trades and levels--apprentice, journeyman, a n d master--and the guilds were set up to regulate things. The guilds u p h e l d standards in their trade or craft. If a person were caught cheating o r producing shoddy goods he was tossed out of the guild, and in that case h e might as well have cut his own throat. "But then with the Industrial Revolution, you had the types of enterprises that needed in effect human machines to dig the coal out of t h e ground or tend to the spinning machines or whatever it was. Some people gained the opportunity for luxury from that system, the chance to consume various goods and all. But for most people the quality of life went down. And the general quality of society went down too as I see it." As it turned out, Pierce went to rural West Virginia alone. Pierce told m e that his second wife, Elizabeth, didn’t want to move to this wild part of t h e country with no running water and live her life in a used trailer. Pierce’s first marriage to Patricia had ended in 1982 after twenty-five years, a n d he had married Elizabeth that same year. As for his first marriage, Pierce said that Patricia had wanted “a normal life, with furniture a n d everything,” and she wasn’t going to have that with him. They only s a w each other on the weekends in Fredericksburg, Virginia where they lived. Pierce stayed in his National Alliance office in Arlington during the week. “I was alienated from my wife [Patricia] during the latter part of t h e 1970s and those first couple of years of the ‘80s until our divorce,” Pierce told me. “I was staying up in Washington all the time. I was feeling s u c h pressure from the work [related to the National Alliance] that I didn’t w a n t

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to take the time to commute, so I slept on a couch in the office and fixed my own meals there and tried to keep it going. I was really hanging on b y my fingernails. I couldn’t pay the bills. I just had to keep things going. I felt that not only was what I was doing important, but that my whole life was tied up with this and that I would be a personal failure if I didn’t make the Alliance succeed. I was really working hard.” Pierce said that his wife’s colleagues at the college where she t a u g h t would see his name in the paper for something or another and say to h e r , “Is that your husband? Is he crazy?” and that this had been difficult f o r her. Pierce said that in order to do justice to the work he was doing h e would have to give interviews and do things that would cause a r u c k u s and his name was going to surface in the media, and he didn’t want to feel that he should hold back on any of that in order to spare his wife discomfort. So they went their separate ways. Pierce didn’t say whether a relationship with Elizabeth (Elizabeth worked in his Arlington office) p r i o r to his divorce was a precipitating factor in the breakup of his m a r r i a g e with Patricia. Pierce told me that he was quite lonely after he moved to W e s t Virginia. His loneliness was compounded when he lost his cat soon after h e arrived. But he kept busy setting up the place, having the mobile h o m e moved onto the property, drilling a well, and putting in a septic system. I n a search for companionship, he started playing the personals ads to meet a woman. “I put an advertisement in the Washingtonian, a slick, y u p p i e magazine,” Pierce said, “in which I described myself, a fifty-two-year-old former university professor and now writer living in the mountains of West Virginia, needs a woman, etc., and I talked some about my personal likes. I got a flood of responses from professional w o m e n - businesswomen, lawyers, and so on. One of them was from a w o m a n named Kathy. She was of Anglo-Saxon stock from Arkansas. She h a d gotten a doctorate at Princeton and became a professor of French l i t e r a t u r e at Yale. While she was at Yale, she married a math professor at Columbia. The marriage didn’t work out, and she was left alone in New York City without a job. She got a law degree and went to work as a lawyer for t h e Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington. “Kathy was an attractive woman and a little bit randy, so we hit it off just fine as far as the physical side of it went. But she was drinking w a y too much and smoking two to three packs of cigarettes a day. And she w a s going to see a psychotherapist once a week, and also a hypnotist because she had migraine headaches. I told her the reason you are having t h e s e migraine headaches and seeing this therapist and drinking and smoking too much is because you are living in a god-awful, unnatural situation. No woman ought to be a lawyer, I told her. That’s a cop-out. It’s a man’s

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occupation. And besides that, you are living by yourself in this d o g - e a t dog city, Washington, D.C., which is no place for a woman. You need to g e t out of here. Spend a few weeks with me in West Virginia, I said, and you’ll see the difference. “Well, that just made her mad. She was infected with all t h i s feminist crap. As soon as I started talking ideas with her our relationship was soiled.” Although things didn’t work out with Kathy, they did with Olga Skerlecz, a musician and recent immigrant from Hungary who lived in Connecticut. Pierce traveled to Connecticut to meet Olga: they got along, and the n e x t year, 1986, she came to live with Pierce in West Virginia as his wife. T h e marriage was to last four years.

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1 8 ____________ HUNTER Published in 1989, Hunter was Pierce's second novel after The T u r n e r Diaries.1 To this point, Hunter is also Pierce’s last novel--he has only written non-fiction since. As with The Turner Diaries, Pierce wrote Hunter under the same pen name of Andrew Macdonald, and as with his first novel it was never any secret that Pierce wrote the book. Pierce published Hunter through his own outlet, National V a n g u a r d Books. Whatever he would have preferred to do, taking what amounts to a self-publishing route with Hunter was realistically his only way of getting this book into print. The content of Hunter, which most would find racist, anti-Semitic, and unacceptably violent, renders it an extremely unlikely prospect for getting picked up by one of the mainstream commercial publishing houses that distribute their books through bookstore chains such as Barnes & Noble and Borders. And since Hunter is written as a popular and not a scholarly treatment of the issues Pierce takes on in t h e book, academic publishers--New York University Press, Harvard University Press, and so forth--would reject it on that basis alone. The Turner Diaries was published by a commercial publisher for a time, but that was due to a special circumstance: the connection the book had to the Oklahoma City bombing. As for distribution, Delta Press, which specializes in books t h a t appeal to military enthusiasts and survivalists, has been selling Hunter a t gun shows and through catalogs and magazine ads in Soldier of Fortune and the like. The development of the Internet in recent years has greatly increased the distribution possibilities for books of the sort Pierce writes. Through listservs and chat lines, individuals inform each other of t h e existence of books that are not otherwise publicized; and there are t h e online book-ordering services: both amazon.com and bn.com (Barnes a n d Noble) make Hunter as well as The Turner Diaries available. Hunter begins with Oscar Yeager sitting in his tan Ford sedan which is parked in a shopping mall parking lot in Washington, D.C.. Yeager is listening to his favorite Schubert sonata on the car radio. Despite the cold night air, his palms are sweaty and perspiration rolls down his cheeks. W e are told he is waiting for something, but what it is we don't know.2 Oscar Yeager is a tall man of forty years of age. He has golden-blond hair, deep-set gray eyes, craggy features, a high, smooth forehead, and a

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thin scar running diagonally across his left cheek the result of a skiing accident. 3 He is a consulting engineer by profession and a tinkerer a n d inventor by inclination. He flew F4 fighters in Vietnam. After leaving t h e Air Force in 1976, he went back to school at the University of Colorado (where Pierce himself went) and obtained graduate degrees in electrical engineering and computer science. A series of design contracts with t h e Pentagon brought him to Washington four years ago. 4 After twenty minutes, a brown van pulls into the parking lot. T h e driver is a black male. A white female occupies the passenger's seat. T h e y get out of the car and stand near one another, arguing it appears to Yeager. His wait is over. He drives toward the couple until they are about eight feet from his open window. They stop what they are doing and look a t him. Their eyes meet his. With a smooth motion, Yeager reaches u n d e r the blanket on the seat next to him and brings the rifle to his shoulder. He braces his left elbow against the door and squeezes off two shots. He s e e s the couple's skulls--first one and then the other--explode into showers of bone fragments, brain tissue, and blood. Yeager feels calm. He drives away. He stops the car and glances back toward the van. The man's body is sprawled into the roadway. T h e woman's body is obscured by the van. Yeager expriences the icy calm all the way home. It is only after he parks his car in the garage and e n t e r s the house and puts away his coat that the same mixture of euphoria a n d contentment comes over him as with each of his five other executions of interracial couples over the past three weeks. 5 Why is Yeager doing this? How did it come to this--killing interracial couples in parking lots? It is about race, we are told, Yeager’s race, t h e white race. Yeager’s experience in Vietnam had given him a d e e p e r appreciation for his own people. All the fliers in his unit were white and a highly select group, an elite. Yeager had contrasted them with the blacks in the heavily-integrated U.S. ground forces. One of the differences he h a d noted was the meaning of pride to the two races. For the white pilots h e had known, pride essentially meant self-respect based on one's accomplishments, especially the achievement of mastery of oneself. I t showed itself as an aura of personal dignity and honor. In contrast, w i t h the blacks he had been around, pride primarily meant affecting a certain style, a certain way of carrying oneself and relating to others. For t h e m , pride manifested itself as a swaggering quality, an insolence, and a determination to get one up on other people, especially “Whitey.” W i t h blacks, pride was primarily a social thing. It had to do with relationships, whereas with whites it was more of a private, inner thing. Yeager hadn't personally liked all of his fellow white flyers. T h e r e were some for whom he had little respect. But nevertheless he felt a

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kinship with them, a sense of natural community. At a very basic level, h e had understood them and they had understood him. Despite their individual differences, they were people with whom he could work a n d play and feel right about it. Despite the weaknesses, stupidity, a n d meanness he saw in some of them, his white comrades were "us" to him. They were his people. Spurred by his observations and experiences in the military, Yeager looked deeper into the phenomenon of race after his discharge and e n t r y into graduate school. He read a great deal on the subject--not in courses but just on his own, trying to understand his growing racial consciousness and to put it into historical perspective. His study and reflection led him t o the conclusion that the xenophobia he experienced with regard to blacks was more than simply a response to surface differences in a p p e a r a n c e between them and himself or to the differences in their lifestyles. T h e differences between the races ran deeper than that, Yeager decided. Despite what he knew he ought to believe, the fact of the matter is t h a t there are innate differences between blacks and whites. The vibrations o r spirits of the two races are fundamentally different. They have different race souls. Simply, they are rooted differently as beings, and that is revealed in significant physical, mental, and behavioral distinctions. Yeager began to see history from a racial perspective. History is more than an account of a succession of events and dates and names, h e concluded. It is a record of the development and interactions of types of people--of races and ethnic groups. That is what history is in the m o s t fundamental, most meaningful sense. One’s understanding of history is enriched if the physical and psychical characteristics of types of people a r e taken into account, he decided. The significance of the Vietnam era a n d what has happened since is better understood if a racial perspective is brought to bear on an inquiry into that war and its aftermath. Looking at things from a racial perspective raised the question f o r Yeager of what effect the war in Vietnam and the events since then h a s had on his people, white people. Coming at it from that angle, it b e c a m e clear to him that what has happened during the last few decades has had a negative, destructive impact on whites. Whites are losing their way. T h e y are becoming more decadent, less admirable, less themselves, less honorable, less conscious of themselves as a people, weaker and less a b l e to survive and advance themselves as a race. And the factors contributing to that circumstance are clear: the hypocrisy, concealed motives, a n d irresponsibility and immorality of the leadership of the government; t h e effects of the civil rights and feminist revolutions; the multicultural preachings of the media and the schools; the appearance of more and m o r e interracial couples; and the increased abuse of drugs among white y o u n g people. All of these things have undermined white heritage, w h i t e

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integrity and dignity, white racial commitment, and the level of solidarity among whites. It seemed to Yeager that things are always looked at from the point of view of how they affect one group or another—a certain country, political party, economic class, or minority group, or it might be women. The one group that is never singled out for attention, he now noticed, w a s the white race. And that was precisely what he was doing, and he w a s repulsed by what he was seeing. The question then became what was he going to do about what w a s happening to his race. He wasn't a politician, or the type to become a pamphleteer. He was a man of few words, a man of action; and the action that he wanted to take, he realized, was very direct, immediate, and m u c h of it was violent. That was what was inside him that wanted to get out. That was the pressure that sought release. Yeager thought about several possibilities along these lines. He thought about using his electronic expertise to break into commercial broadcasts with a pirate transmitter and deliver his own message a b o u t what was happening to white people. He thought about renting a p l a n e and bombing the Congress when it was in session. But he settled on t h e killings of interracial couples for three reasons. First, they were symbolic of what was most threatening his race--the tainting of white blood. Second, they had therapeutic value for him personally. They had a cathartic effect. They relieved the pressure he felt. They calmed him a n d lifted his mood. It felt good to defy those in authority--the politicians, t h e media bosses, all those who were promoting, or allowing or profiting from, the destruction of his race. And last, the kind of thing he was doing could be easily replicated by others. Anyone could get a gun and shoot down a miscegenating couple on the street. 6 As might be expected after reading Pierce's first novel The Turner Diaries, Oscar is just getting warmed up with these assassinations of interracial couples. There is much death and destruction on the horizon. First there is Washington Post columnist, David Jacobs—Jewish, of course--who w r i t e s that the killings of the racially mixed couples was the work of a sexually frustrated white male. White males, said Jacobs, resent the greater sexual prowess of black men and the attraction that white women have for black men. White lynchings of blacks in the South in years gone by were largely motivated by sexual envy, he pointed out to his readers. White racism will continue as a great evil as long as there is a white race, said Jacobs, and t h e best thing the government could do is hasten this day by encouraging e v e n more racial intermarriage. A tax break for interracial couples would be a good step in that direction, Jacobs wrote.

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Jacobs started to get into his car in the unattended u n d e r g r o u n d parking area of his condominium complex. He never knew what hit him.7 And then there is Congressman Horowitz, who vows to start up a Congressional investigation of the killings. Oscar came up behind Horowitz when he was standing in front of a urinal and looped a garrote over h i s head and strangled him to death. At this point, Oscar meets Harry Keller, an ex-college teacher w h o works for a group called the National League (read National Alliance). Harry tells Oscar about the National League: Our cause is a secure and progressive future for our race. We want a White world someday--a White world that is conscious of itself and its mission; a world governed by eugenic principles; a world in which the goal of families as well a s governments is the upward breeding of our race; a cleaner, greener world, with fewer but better people, living closer t o Nature; a world in which quality once again rules o v e r quantity, in which people's lives have purpose, in which b e a u t y and excellence and honor once again have meaning and hope. Our race is in danger of perishing, partly because w e ' r e being outbred by other races in the same ecological niche a n d partly because we're miscegenating ourselves to death....Progress comes when all the competitors in the g a m e struggle for survival and the most fit wins. Our race isn't struggling. It's lying down and dying. Our job is to wake it u p . When it is trying to survive, it'll whip all the other races w i t h its hands tied behind its back....We want first to assure t h e survival of our race by waking it up and igniting its n a t u r a l fighting spirit, and then we want to reorient its values and i t s way of looking at things so that it strives to continue b e t t e r i n g itself... 8 Harry tells Oscar that at the moment the National League’s efforts were educational rather than political. "We're trying to raise people's consciousness on racial issues," he tells Oscar, "and then motivate a n d direct those whose consciousness we have some effect on." He tells Oscar about the materials the National League publishes and about the video studio he has constructed. Most of the members of the League a r e professionals, he informs Oscar. Harry goes on to tell Oscar that the League's principal adversaries a r e the Jews:

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Some of them may look White, but no racially conscious J e w thinks of himself as White, and the Jews are the most racially conscious people on the face of the earth, by a big margin. They call their enemies--and that includes anyone they can't control--"neo-Nazis” because they've invested a lot of effort into making that a label of opprobrium; they've invested i t with a heavy load of emotion, of feeling, so that most people react negatively to the word without having a clear understanding of what it means. 9 Harry's anti-Semitism was making Oscar uncomfortable. His fight is against race-mixing, and he doesn't see what Jews have to do with that. Of course he will learn the error of his thinking as time goes along. Along with Oscar and Harry during this exchange is Adelaide, w h o becomes Oscar's love interest. Adelaide is twenty-three, which makes h e r seventeen years younger than Oscar. Oscar had met her just a few m o n t h s before in the Pentagon office of an army buddy where she was working a s a civilian analyst. 10 Adelaide had grown up in a tiny town in Iowa and h a s been in Washington for a little over a year. Oscar marveled at her n u d e form lying asleep in his bed: She was a beautiful woman, one of the most beautiful h e [Oscar] had ever seen, long and lean and lithe, with silkysmooth skin, perfect thighs surmounted by a luxuriant bush of reddish hue, a flat belly, magnificent breasts, a graceful neck of extraordinary length, and a face so lovely, so pure, so childishly peaceful and innocent, that looking at it nestled gently there i n the pillow, half obscured in the tangle of her long, golden-red hair, made his heart ache with desire, the way it ached w h e n he watched an unusually spectacular sunset in the desert o r came upon an especially glorious vista while hiking in t h e mountains. 1 1 Adelaide pairs her physical attractiveness with an equally appealing personal manner: she is "bright, generous, and helpful, and a l w a y s cheerful." 12 Quite a gal, this Adelaide. In the book, Adelaide basically is support for Oscar. The men in t h e book deal with the big questions and make things happen. Oscar says t h a t there are both physical and psychic difference between men and w o m e n which grow out of the evolutionary condition, and that the feminists a n d their supporters don't take these realities into account. Back in Vietnam, Oscar recalls, there was the idea that the only reason women weren't flying

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military aircraft in combat was because of the repressive effects of society's ideas and practices. But he was convinced that no matter h o w fast her reflexes, or fine her coordination, or keen her vision, a w o m a n wouldn't be as good a combat pilot as a man. What she lacked was t h e instinct to fight. Fighting wasn't her natural role. The fighting h o r m o n e s are missing, Oscar decided, the innate fighting micro-skills finely t u n e d over the millions of years of the evolution of the species during which m e n were the hunters and fighters and the women were the nurturers. 1 3 Oscar concluded that while Adelaide was bright and witty and well read and her intelligence made her an especially good companion, h e r mind simply didn't work the same way his did. For one thing, her m e n t a l world was smaller, her horizon closer. What was real to her was the h e r e and-now. The past and the future, like distant landscapes, were of m u c h less interest to her. Adelaide was a good, practical worker on limited projects, but mapping world-historical vistas and making plans t o transform them would seem unreal to her. And one other thing: Adelaide was not a generalizer. Her focus w a s on the trees, not the forest. She saw people as individuals. Oscar did too, of course--but he also saw people as members of larger categories. He s a w them as representatives of their races, their social classes, their religions, their interest groups. To understand a man, Yeager believed, one had t o consider where his roots were and with whom he identified and not j u s t take into account his individual indiosyncracies. 1 4 Oscar says Adelaide’s way of approaching things as a woman explains why when an interracial couple is murdered she sees two people murdered and not a blow against miscegenation. Her reaction is natural t o her, it is feminine. Oscar decided that Adelaide could be brought around t o an acceptance of his ideological beliefs, and even approval of what he is doing, but that her fundamental nature is to be private and adaptive a n d peaceful while his is to be public and transformative and violent, and t h a t had to be taken into account when dealing with her. Oscar tells Adelaide that he wants to fight what is wrong with t h e country: "the growth in racial mixing, the flood of non-White immigrants pouring into the cities, the increasingly obvious crookedness and lack of responsibility of the politicians, the destructive bias of the news a n d entertainment media, the breakdown of the country's morale, the decay of discipline and standards everywhere, and the loss of any sense of racial o r cultural identity on the part of the dwindling White majority." 15 She responds: "There's a lot of dirt out there, and we can't change that. But w e can keep our own lives clean and make clean lives for our children. That's all we can do."16 Oscar understands what she said and why she feels as s h e

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does, but he knows her way of dealing with the situation isn't his way, isn’t a man's way if he is truly a man. For her part, Adelaide is sympathetic to Oscar’s attitude even if she is not as disposed to get into all the investigations, analyses, and pondering as he is. She had been put off by all the randy Blacks who had come on t o her in college, and how the campus environment was more interested i n helping her overcome her purported racist tendencies than equipping h e r to live the life she wanted to live, which was with people of her o w n choosing. She says that the feminists on campus weren't of much help. Most of them, she thinks, whether they knew it or not, were angry t h a t they were women and not men. They campaigned against rape--much of it black males forcing themselves on white women--date rape, t h e y usually call it--but what they were really protesting, she suspects, is t h a t they were on the bottom and not on top. "And since I've always b e e n happy to be on the bottom as long as there was a good man on top, I couldn't really empathize with them," says Adelaide. 1 7 Oscar's (and Pierce's) ambivalence toward women comes through i n Oscar’s perception of what he is getting out of his relationship w i t h Adelaide. On the one hand, he concludes, living with Adelaide h a s definitely mellowed out the jumpiness and uneasiness he had felt before. He has a more positive outlook now as a result of experiencing h e r laughter and grace at every meal. And it is comforting to feel her w a r m body snuggled next to him when he goes to bed. But on the other hand, h e worries that she is taking away his edge, pulling him away from what h e needs to do, dampening his sense of purpose and urgency, making what h e has been doing seem less important, distracting him from what really matters in his life. Was he becoming more cautious, softer, more passive, more tolerant of the intolerable? 18 Reading this passage in the book reminded me of the section in Shaw’s play, Man and Superman, the p l a y that had such a powerful impact on Pierce in his younger years, when A n a says to Don Juan that she wants to go to Heaven with him and his r e p l y that he would find his own way there and that he wouldn’t be taking h e r route. As it turns out, Adelaide doesn't take away Oscar's edge, because h e was able to pull off what came to be called the “hate crime of the century”: Oscar bombed a church that was hosting a meeting of the People's Committee Against Hate. Among those on the platform that night killed b y the blast were two governors, three congressman, a senator, a cardinal, t w o bishops, a prominent rabbi, a TV talk show host, two leading Hollywood actors, an acclaimed feminist writer, the head of a homosexual rights organization, the president of the NAACP, and the leader of the Jewish organization B'nai B'rith. Forty-one members of the audience and t h e

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media also perished in the bombing. Speaking of therapeutic relief, as I was reading Pierce's account of this slaughter, I was imagining the smile o n his face and gleam in his eyes as he wrote these pages. As in The T u r n e r Diaries, the components of the bomb and the method of constructing i t were presented in detail in the book. 1 9 "Freeze, Yeager! FBI!"20 Uh, oh. Oscar is caught. It's all over for him, or so it appears. T h e agent holding the Smith and Wesson Airweight .38 Special on him is William Ryan. Ryan is in his mid-fifties, sturdy-looking, about four inches shorter than Yeager, and is gray-haired and has steely-blue eyes. But surprise--Ryan is sympathetic to what Oscar has been up to and isn't going to arrest him. Instead, he wants Oscar to be his hitman as he, Ryan, maneuvers to become the head of a new agency called the Committee f o r Public Safety, a kind of American KGB, and then, from that base, proceed t o clean up the problems confronting America. Ryan needs Oscar to do h i s dirtywork for him because with Ryan's position and visibility inside t h e system and his personal situation (he has a wife and children), he is not i n a position to do it himself. This arrangement between Oscar and Ryan s e t s up the narrative strand for the remainder of the book: Oscar knocks off people and blows things up at Ryan's behest, while at the same time Ryan cracks some heads and worse in his official capacity as the head of an FBI anti-terrorist unit. Amid all the fireworks, Ryan still has the time to fill Oscar in on w h a t is going on with the Jews. He informs Oscar that while the Jews in Europe exercised their control through money and banking, here they do it b y manipulating public opinion through their control of the media--television, Hollywood, the music and publishing industries, and news dissemination outlets. By these means, Ryan tells Oscar, Jews further their own i n t e r e s t s and "promote racial mixing and other forms of degeneracy" a m o n g whites. 2 1 Ryan stays busy eliminating rivals and taking care of people who a r e causing trouble. On a couple of occasions in particular, I thought the w a y Ryan and his unit handled black rioters seemed to be good examples of Pierce playing out his fantasies and getting the satisfaction and cathartic relief that comes from that. In the first instance, six hundred men of Ryan's agency equipped with helmets, flak jackets, and M16s and u n d e r his direct supervision sweep through the riot area blasting locks off doors and shooting anyone who did not respond instantly to their orders. T h e y arrest four hundred blacks, kill one hundred three and wound another t w o hundred, and quell the disorder post-haste. In the second instance, i n response to black looting and arson, Ryan and his men go in w i t h

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helicopters. There is live television coverage of Ryan's assault. Pierce describes the scene: "One moment the television showed hundreds of Blacks in the street below, shaking their fists defiantly at the helicopter above and shouting obscenities. Then there were a hundred practically instantaneous flashes scattered among the crowd and a deafening, staccato explosion. All that could be seen after that were horizontal Black bodies strewn grotesquely on the pavement." 2 2 One other episode that may have been Pierce playing out h i s fantasies, although this one doesn't involve either Oscar or Ryan: when a group of AIDS protesters throw AIDS-infected blood on a secretary as s h e leaves her office, her husband blows them away with a twelve-gauge shotgun while the cops look the other way. When a homosexual spokesman protests the failure of the police to respond, his office is firebombed. And then when a group of homosexuals appear at City Hall with placards to protest the firebombing, street workers beat t h e m senseless. 23 All the while this is going on, three other things are happening: t h e National League's Harry Keller keeps up his lessons to Oscar on the Jewish menace and continues to augment Oscar's already-existing views on race; Oscar does some speechifying on the book’s designated topics; and a n e w character comes on the scene, Saul Rogers, a former high school t e a c h e r and current member of the League. By this time Oscar has joined t h e League, and he and Harry build up Saul into a powerful television p r e a c h e r of the League's doctrine under the guise of a Christian evangelist m i n i s t r y along the lines of a Jerry Falwell or Billy Graham. Saul, as might b e expected, gets in a few speeches of his own when the occasion arises. "You young people, think about what your parents and grandparents are like. Think about the way they look and act, and then pick yourself a mate t h a t looks and acts that way too." "Who would have thought that we'd h a v e [people] actually beginning to feel proud that they're White and developing a real interest in their racial roots in Europe.24 " Indeed, this is a "teaching and speeching" cast of characters. Or a t least the men are--Adelaide and Colleen, Harry's wife, offer an observation here and there, but they aren't given to mounting the podium as the m e n are. Among Harry's "lessons": • There is a competition going on in this society to see which group's interests are going to come out on top, but many white people h a v e n ' t figured that out. "Among them," says Harry, "are the Christians w h o believe it is better to be shat on than to shit on and the lunatic-fringe pluralists who are opposed to any group prevailing, especially their own." 2 5

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• Mr. Everyman knows that people who don't like Jews are f r o w n e d upon, so he is absolutely determined not to believe anything bad a b o u t Jews. "But it is unbecoming of a man not to think like a man should think, which means to believe the evidence before his eyes instead of what h e ' s supposed to believe. We're living in an age of rigid ideological conformity, in which men submissively accept 'approved' ideas instead of having t h e courage to think for themselves. Submissiveness doesn't become a man." 2 6 • Jesus Christ, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Einstein a r e four Jews who have one thing in common: they have been illusion builders. Christianity: "If our race survives the next century it will only be because we have gotten the monkey of Christianity off our backs and have found a way to a genuinely Western spirituality." Marx: "Marx's doctrine is as a n t i Western as Jesus'. It too was designed to appeal to the dregs of W e s t e r n society, the worst elements among us, and to pull down the best a n d strongest to their level....It simply isn't workable, and it shows up i t s designer as a windy fraud." Freud: "Some of the most bizarre notions of human motivation he foisted on the world are still being promoted by h i s [Jewish] disciples. Imagine how many millions of dollars neurotic w o m e n have paid out to Freudian quacks posing as physicians or therapists!" Einstein: "Einstein took the work of three other men as his base, and h e added to it. He provided new explanations. For this he deserved credit. I t is understandable that his fellow Jews would want to brag a bit about him, but they went way beyond that. The Jewish hucksters saw t h e i r opportunity to build another cult figure they could market to the Gentiles, and they did."2 7 • The modernist movement in literature, music, painting, and t h e other arts is largely a creation of the media--and since the media a r e dominated by the Jews, that means modernism is largely a creation of t h e Jews. As for modernism, what is it but the repudiation of our culture, the culture we have shared with all other White people throughout our history? What the Greeks wrote and what t h e Greeks sculpted 2,500 years ago appeals to us today for t h e same reasons it appealed to the Greeks then. We respond t o beauty and order the same way. The feelings expressed b y Homer and Sophocles are our feelings. What Dostoevsky w r o t e spoke to Englishman and Germans as well as to the Russians, just as Dickens spoke to Russians and Germans, and Goethe spoke to Germans and Englishmen. A painting by R e m b r a n d t or Turner or Friedrich said the same thing to all Europeans, j u s t as did a symphony by Beethoven....Our culture tied us together,

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made us aware of our common heritage. And the Jew, t h e eternal outsider trying to work his way in, could not tolerate that. He had to break us up, destroy our solidarity, make u s believe that we had no more in common with one another t h a n with the Negro or the Chinaman--or the Jew. Modernism is t h e essential strategy of the parasite." 2 8 • On the goals of the National League: We perceive the threat to everything which is beautiful a n d good in the world. Some of us might state it a little differently, perhaps a little more personally, and say that we perceive i n the mindless push toward an ever more inclusive egalitarianism, an ever more debased democracy, and all t h e consequences those things entail--more and more ugliness, more and more disorder, more and more racial d e g r a d a t i o n - - a threat to the meaning of our existence. We're not t h r e a t e n e d personally and physically, but the thing we identify with, t h e thing that gives meaning to our lives, is threatened. We identify with our race, with an idealization of our r a c e - - m o r e than that, with the process of which our race is the principal agent, the process of higher organization, the process which is the active principle of God."2 9 • On the League's goal of promoting racial consciousness among whites: Consciousness is knowledge plus awareness plus motivation....To become racially conscious one must e l e v a t e one's racial knowledge to such a degree that it actually governs one's thoughts and behavior; one must have a constant awareness of it; one must feel it. One can gain knowledge f r o m reading books or listening to sermons, but achieving a n d maintaining consciousness generally involves changing the w a y one lives. 3 0

The climax of the book involves a showdown between Oscar and Ryan. Ryan wants Oscar to "pop"--that is to say, kill--Saul. He tells Oscar t h a t Saul's television programs are stirring people up and that he worries t h a t there could be a tax revolt, and that this would get in the way of what he, Ryan, is trying to do. Oscar balks at the idea of killing Saul, his fellow

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League member, and that leads to a debate between Oscar and Ryan on t h e best means for accomplishing the ends they both want to achieve. Ryan explains his thinking: what we need most of all now, and f o r the next couple of decades at least, is order and stability. It isn't the t i m e for disruption and revolt; whites aren't ready for it. "The White people a r e too far gone," he explains to Oscar. "They don't understand discipline, sacrifice, pulling together for a common goal. They're too weak, too timid, too spoiled, too selfish, too undisciplined." 31 Ryan wants to work within t h e current system to accomplish his purposes, within its democratic processes, and to ally with others, including Jews. He sees himself as realistically aligning with the forces of history instead of ignoring them or idealistically trying to combat them as he perceives Oscar and the League to be doing: If you [Oscar] had made a serious study of history like I h a v e you might have recognized certain general facts of historical development. History has inertia. Any historical d e v e l o p m e n t such as the one we've been going through in this country as i t has changed in this century from an essentially homogeneous, White, Christian nation quite conscious of its European heritage to a heterogeneous, multi-racial, polyglot, heterodox r a b b l e ruled by Jews and crooked lawyer-politicians in league w i t h the Jews, has an enormous inertia. It moves tectonically, like a crustal plate in the earth. It has built up its motion over a long period of time. That motion is driven by historical forces. There is simply no turning such a development around. T h e most one can hope to do is understand its dynamics and l e a r n how best to adapt to it. That's what I intend to do. You, on t h e other hand, want to ignore the laws of history and charge head-on into all the forces that are carrying America in t h e direction she's going. In particular, you want to tackle the Jews head-on. You can't win that way.3 2 Oscar counters Ryan’s argument with what amounts to the p r o g r a m of Harry Keller and the National League, which is to raise the racial consciousness of whites, and then in an as yet unspecified way, "send t h e Jews to hell." In Oscar's eyes, the argument comes down to whether it is better to promote stasis as Ryan wants or flux as he and the League favor. No doubt there is much truth in what you [Ryan] say. No d o u b t we would be facing a desperate and risky struggle. But w e m u s t chance it, Ryan. We m u s t interrupt the current t r e n d s . We must at least give our people a chance to save t h e m s e l v e s

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and make a fresh start. We can't permit ourselves to be locked into a new stasis, with the Jews continuing to control the media. That would be inevitably lethal. Order and stability a r e good things, when the situation is progressive, when a people is imbued with a constructive spirit and is building a b e t t e r future for its progeny. But when the situation is regressive, then order and stability become the enemies of life, t h e enemies of true progress. 3 3 To punch up his point, Oscar sends a spray of tear gas into Ryan's face by squeezing on the pocket clip of a pen he had been toying with a s the two men have been talking. He then closes off the debate--and, for all practical purposes, the book--by firing two quick rounds from a pistol into Ryan's midsection and then one more to the back of Ryan's head. After reading the book, I came to the conclusion that Harry Keller w a s Pierce and that--it seemed obvious--the National League was the National Alliance. I chuckled to myself about Pierce's choice of the National League, the name of one of the major leagues in professional baseball, as the n a m e for the fictional counterpart to his own organization, because I know h o w much he disdains mass, commercialized spectator sports. He thinks people ought to engage in physical activity themselves and not watch others p l a y games. He also thinks that the spectator sports are a way the s y s t e m distracts people from the important things they ought to be attending t o and doing. Lastly, as with practically everything in his life he assesses sports in light of race--namely, the fact that blacks are very prominent i n the major spectator sports of baseball, football, and basketball. He t h i n k s that makes those enterprises about them and not us, and wonders why s o many whites get caught up in them. I remember one weekend day--I don't recall whether it was a Saturday or a Sunday--I went to watch the evening news with Pierce o n the second floor of the headquarters building. But he wasn't there and t h e set was dark. I went looking for him and found him sitting kind of shrunken at his desk in his office, looking as despondent as I have e v e r seen him. I said I had just come from the television area and had expected to see him there. He muttered dejectedly, "They pre-empted the news f o r the ballgames, goddammit." Back to Hunter, reading the book I came to the conclusion that Oscar Yeager represents the kind of recruit that Pierce would like to attract t o his organization, the National Alliance--bright, action-oriented, receptive t o what he, Pierce, could teach him. As for the ending of the book, w h e r e Oscar dispatches Ryan, I saw that as the triumph of Pierce's and t h e Alliance's way of doing business over a more conservative approach. A n d

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then there was doing was about, coming up

was a lot of cathartic fantasizing in the book. Put all that together I thought. My conversation with next, prompted me to rethink my

and speechifying that Pierce and that was what the book Pierce about Hunter, which is conclusions.

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1 9 ____________ PIERCE ON HUNTER “When I wrote what became The Turner Diaries," Pierce told me, "in m y mind I wasn't writing a book. It was a series of installments of a story f o r the tabloid I was publishing at the time, Attack! It was just a n experiment. I thought, let's see how this goes. When I started out, I d i d n ' t have a detailed theory about the impact of fiction or the plot of what I w a s writing planned out. I just thought I'll put some messages in fictional f o r m and see if that would make it more accessible to some types of people, a n d off I went, one episode per issue of the magazine. I never imagined that i t would become a book. Frankly, if I had realized that it was going to be a book I would have been a lot more careful in my writing "When The Turner Diaries began to make an impact, I did start t o think more about this phenomenon, however, and I came to the conclusion that fiction really can be a powerful medium for getting ideas across. I thought about how other people, including those who see things in t h e opposite way from how I see them, have used this medium so effectively. I formulated an explanation, which I am sure isn't original, as to w h y fiction if it is done right has such a powerful impact on people. Simply, t h e reader--or television watcher or movie viewer or playgoer--comes t o identify with the protagonist. And once that happens, you've got t h i s person where you want him. For one thing, he vicariously experiences t h e action and comes to care about the protagonist. The protagonist gets into a jam and the reader feels what that is like for him and worries about him: 'My God, this is rough, how will he get out of this?' The protagonist falls i n love or gets excited or mad or anticipates or fears something, and t h e reader does too. The reader develops a kind of rooting interest in h o w things turn out for the protagonist. And not only that, but if something is well-written the reader starts to think as the protagonist does a n d - - t h e most powerful thing of all--if the protagonist learns something or comes t o believe in something, if he changes his ideas, the reader tends to do t h e same thing, he changes too. So what you have is a powerful teaching tool, a persuasive tool. "So what you do--and this is what I did with Hunter--is have y o u r protagonist, Oscar Yeager in this case, start out with what you imagine t o be the common mindset of the readers who are likely to pick up the book. The protagonist enunciates this mindset in his conversations with o t h e r

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characters and approaches things, solves problems and so on, that w a y . And then--Wham!--something comes into his life that shakes that way of coming at things. Through his experiences, the protagonist changes h i s ideas--and the reader, who has gone through things with the protagonist, changes his ideas, or learns, too. You've got to make it convincing, of course. Maybe you have the protagonist resist changing--'I was n e v e r taught this' 'This can't be'--but eventually reality or logic, whatever, forces him to change the way he sees things and acts, and the reader changes i n the same way. "From the beginning with Hunter, I had this idea in mind of h o w fiction can work as a teaching tool, and I saw it as a book from t h e beginning. I wrote the first chapter in 1984, and then for a long time I didn't have time to work on it. I finished the whole thing up in one y e a r , 1989. I do think I was a much better writer of fiction with this book compared to The Turner Diaries. I see it as ironic that The Turner Diaries has had such a big impact and, at least so far, Hunter hasn't. But I t h i n k that is not related to the quality of the two books. It has been due t o circumstances beyond my control. If somebody imitates Oscar Yeager a n d it is found out that that is what he did, then maybe Hunter would take off like a skyrocket." "There has been the claim that Yeager was based on an actual p e r s o n named Joseph Paul Franklin. Is that true?" (Franklin killed interracial couples in the 1970s and is in prison in Missouri.) "No, it wasn’t based on Franklin,” Pierce answered curtly. “But to go on, the idea was to have Yeager and the reader go through things together, and to change in the same way. I put myself in Yeager's position and t r i e d to have Yeager develop in the same way I did, have his ideas change a s mine did. I had Yeager start off with reasonably conventional views a n d then become radicalized: by his experiences in the Vietnam war, his s t u d y afterward in graduate school, his relationship with Harry Keller, and, t h e biggest influence of all, the effect William Ryan had on him." "It's interesting to hear you say you put yourself in Yeager's position. When I read the book I thought you would see yourself as Harry Keller of the National League, which I took to be the National Alliance, and t h a t from your--Keller's--perspective Yeager was the kind of raw material y o u would like to attract to your organization--bright, tough, action-oriented, ruthless--and the kind of person you could educate and mold." "I especially identified with Yeager because he is the kind of person I would like to be. But actually I put myself in the place of every character in the book when I am dealing with him. I asked myself what I would s a y and how I would respond to something that was happening to him. Like in the case of the exchanges between Yeager and Ryan, I would switch personas from one to the other as they debated.”

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"At the end of the book, where Yeager kills Ryan, you wrote a b o u t Yeager choosing flux over stasis--and that Ryan represented stasis. Is t h a t a fundamental message you are trying to get across, that flux is p r e f e r a b l e to stasis?" "Yes. Ryan, was a conservative--a very strong and free-thinking, independent sort of conservative, but a conservative nevertheless. He wasn't fundamentally a racist. And he was basically pro-government. Ryan was in favor of first getting control of the system and then s h o r t circuiting some of its most destructive tendencies. Yeager on the o t h e r hand saw the system as so corrupt that it just had to be done away w i t h and completely rebuilt from the ground up." "It seemed to me you left things hanging a bit at the end of t h e book." (On the last page, Oscar, who has become a communications person, starts thinking it is about time to go back to “hunting.”) "I thought, hey, I'll see how this one does and then maybe I'll write a sequel. But really there is a conclusion to the book: the dialogue b e t w e e n Yeager and Ryan, and then Yeager kills Ryan and liberates himself to do a s he pleases." "Hunter is not a book that the bookstores are going to carry, but I d i d notice you can get it through amazon.com." "And we have a few other people distributing it for us. Probably t h e biggest seller is Delta Press down in Arkansas. They primarily cater to t h e military market--vets and people interested in the military culture, a n d they sell a line of military manuals that were originally produced by t h e government printing office for training military personnel on how to u s e various weapons, how to make booby-traps, how to conduct a reconnaissance patrol, how to build a fortified structure, how to build a latrine, and so on. They sell both The Turner Diaries and Hunter. " "Do you have any plans to write more fiction?" "I really would like to do more of that. It's hard work, but it is creative, fun, and very rewarding. At the end of the day, I can look a n d say, 'It's finished and it's good.' But I just don't have the time to do it now. I've got a radio script to get out every week, and I want to stay with t h e radio program because it gives me a voice. I get to talk to the world e v e r y week about something I think is important. I would like to h a v e somebody who could take over at least part of the radio load whom I could count on to do a top-quality job, and get somebody to help out with t h e administrative work around here. Then I could slide out from under t h e workload and do other things like write fiction. "Although if I had the time to write a book it wouldn’t be fiction right now. There are a couple of serious non-fiction books that need to b e written while I still can write them. Then I can sort of retire and w r i t e fiction. One book I'd like to write is one that deals with what is in t h e

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Cosmotheist Community pamphlets that I put together, except in plain prose and with lots of examples. It would provide a rationale for t h i s whole thing. It would tell people where it is all going, what it all means, and why they should do what I think they should." During another conversation, Pierce told me about a book that h e wanted to write which probably is this same book he talked about d u r i n g our discussion of Hunter. On that occasion, he said that he wanted to w r i t e a book that would spell out the way he looks at things. It would try to t i e everything together philosophically. It would go very slowly and spell everything out, he said. It would deal with fundamental values a n d purposes. The book he had in mind would get into the considerations a person should keep in mind when setting life goals. It would be about h o w to find purpose and meaning in life. It would be about natural ethics, absolute ethics--those were the terms he used--and their implications, where they lead. He said that it would lay out why he is concerned a b o u t saving his race and why he thought others should be as well. He said t h a t he has written about fifty pages toward this book, but that he w a s n ' t working on it at the moment. "And then another book I'd like to write," Pierce continued, "about fifteen years ago I wrote installments over about a three-year p e r i o d called Who We Are. I did a lot of research for it. It was a race history t h a t starts with the origins of life and deals with paleoanthropology--before t h e dawn of recorded history. It looks at the Greeks, Romans, Germanic people, the Celts, and on down, all from a racial standpoint. I think t h o s e writings that I did back then could be shaped into a very good book, because unfortunately most people don't get race history in school. W h e n I was in school, while I didn't get it explicitly, there was enough of a healthy, traditional curriculum that I came away with a feeling for some of these things. When I was at Rice in the early 1950s I took a course called Foundations of Western Civilization. I don't think the instructor w a s especially inspired, although I must say I had a big crush on her. Her name was Katherine Fisher. She married someone named Drew later on, and went on to great things, including a high position in the American Historical Association. Actually, the material was good in that course and I got interested, but unfortunately I was immature and had a lot of o t h e r things to do. But that experience did leave me with enough of a feeling that these are my people I'm studying. This is how my people developed. And then I did a lot of reading and thinking later on my own. Needless t o say, now the people who have gotten control of the universities cringe a t the thought of white kids paying more attention to the development of European civilization than the different styles of mud huts in equatorial Africa.

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“If I were to write a race history like this, I'd have to reformat it a n d do a lot of studying and make a lot of corrections. Some of our people w h o know anthropology and history have pointed out places where I m a d e mistakes or was incomplete. I'd have to really hole up and put my mind t o this. But I think it would provide people with a useful and convincing source, something they are kept from getting now. "I would be perfectly happy if a big New York publishing h o u s e would publish this book if I wrote it, so I could spend all of my time t r y i n g to do the best job of writing I could. But I have had to build a n organization and publishing vehicle so that if publishers and bookstore chains block my books--as has been the case with the exception of Lyle Stuart picking up The Turner Diaries for a brief time--I can make t h e m available anyway. I'm very much a loner and would have preferred not t o get into all this organizational and administrative business, but I have h a d to reach people with what I have to say and give them the chance to h a v e access to ideas and material they would not otherwise be allowed t o experience." After my talk with Pierce about Hunter, I rethought the way I h a d perceived the characters in the book. I was taken by Pierce saying that h e had identified with Yeager and all the other characters. Or at least all t h e other male characters--I don't get the sense that he identified w i t h Adelaide or Colleen. So for Pierce it wasn't a matter of Harry Keller being m e and every other (male) character being t h e m . More, it was e v e r y character was me, every character was Pierce himself--either as he is or a s he would like to be or could be. Yeager was the Air Force pilot Pierce would have liked to have been if he could have met the requirements. All that reading about race and history which Oscar did in Colorado--Pierce had done that, or at least he had started it in Colorado and continued it i n California and Oregon. And Oscar's reflections on the impact of t h e Vietnam era on young people in particular--the drugs, the disrespect f o r legitimate authority, the lessening consciousness of their race, and a l l - Pierce had done that too. Of course what was different was that Oscar w a s a man of action and extremely violent. You couldn’t call Pierce a man of action in that sense, but as he said in our talk about the book, Oscar w a s the kind of individual that he would like to be. And while p r e s u m a b l y Pierce hasn’t been violent as Oscar was, undoubtedly he has at least thought about being violent. And then there was that talk I had with h i m about his move to West Virginia when he said he had done things i n Washington that could have gotten him locked up for life. Keller, of course, is Pierce as he is. And Saul is Pierce as he w o u l d like to be--remember this was written in the late 1980s, before the radio show--a communicator of the message to a mass audience through t h e

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media. I thought about the character's name, Saul--an unusual name for a character in a book by Pierce. It might be a reference to the biblical P a u l - in discussions with me, Pierce referred to him as "Saul of Tarsus" in o r d e r to underscore his Jewishness and the Jewish underpinnings of Christianity. Perhaps Pierce sees himself as the Paul of George Bernard Shaw’s ideas and National Socialism, the spreader of the word. As for Ryan, here is the insider, the person with his hands on t h e reins of power, who Pierce might have been instead of the p e r i p h e r a l figure he is. Ryan is the part of Pierce that wishes he were on the inside instead of always being on the outside looking in. Ryan is the part of Pierce that longs for contact with the best and the brightest of t h e mainstream society, where he once functioned. Ryan is the conservative impulse in Pierce which has been obscured by the radical, confrontational side of him that has been dominant since the Oregon State years, o v e r thirty-five years now. Ryan is the realistic, and somewhat pessimistic, part of Pierce, the part of Pierce that knows that the foundations f o r drastic, revolutionary change are not in place now and won’t be a n y t i m e soon. When Oscar killed Ryan, Pierce was killing that part of himself t h a t Ryan represents--those beliefs, those longings, those misgivings. Ryan's death affirms what Pierce has done with his life these last three decades, and it takes away some of the weight of regret and some of t h e ambivalence that he doesn't want to carry. Ryan’s death clears the way f o r getting to work writing the next hard-hitting radio broadcast and setting up the next National Alliance meeting instead of thinking about how i t might have all been different.

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2 0 ____________ WILLIAM GAYLEY SIMPSON "Someone else you might want to include in this project," Pierce called o u t to me as I was leaving his office at the end of one of our evening talks, "is William Gayley Simpson. Do you know about him?" Simpson's name did call up some associations for me. I knew he h a d written a book called Which Way Western Man? and that Pierce h a d published it under his own imprint, National Vanguard Books. 1 I h a d taken notice of the Simpson book because it was one of only four books Pierce had chosen to sponsor in this way--the others being his own t w o novels, The Turner Diaries and Hunter, and another novel, Serpent's Walk, by Randolph Calverhill, which works off the premise that survivors of Hitler's elite SS corps continued their struggle after the war. 2 That Pierce had stood behind the Simpson book as he did was enough to prompt me t o make a mental note to read it and see what had drawn Pierce to publish it. And then my interest in the book was heightened by something that c a m e up in my investigations into the Bob Mathews story. It seems t h a t Mathews was really taken with Which Way Western Man? Shortly a f t e r joining the National Alliance, Mathews is reported to have spent night a f t e r night poring over the book and marking sections with a red pen. 3 So Which Way Western Man? was on my to-do list. But at the point t h a t Pierce brought Simpson into our discussions, I hadn't seen the book a n d didn't know anything about Simpson. "Simpson was born in 1892, the same year as my father," Pierce continued, "so he was a generation ahead of me. In the '30s he w a s interacting with the public in a big way, speaking at a lot of universities, mostly about peace issues, how we must never get into another world w a r and that sort of thing, and at one time he taught Latin, mathematics, a n d history at a boarding school around where he lived up in New York state. Somehow he had gotten hold of something I had written--this must h a v e been around 1975--and he wrote me about it. At that time he was a l r e a d y eighty-three years old. "Anyway, we started corresponding--about fundamental things; i t wasn't superficial at all. I found Simpson to be a deep, sensitive, a n d serious man. [That last one, being serious, I'd come to notice, is especially important to Pierce. He draws a basic distinction between serious people and "hobbyists," as he calls them.] So I made a resolution to go see him.

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He invited me and I went up to visit him up at his farm. He had built a farmhouse with his own hands--a really nice house--and he had a s h o p and outbuildings. He did some planting, but mostly at that time he j u s t lived there and thought and wrote and stayed in contact with people f r o m all over the world. I stayed with him that first time a couple of days, a n d then I visited him a couple more times after that. "During this period, Simpson sent me an autobiographical book h e had published back in 1934. I read it and was very impressed. He told me about a book he was finishing up that he thought would be v e r y significant, which turned out to be Which Way Western Man? I read a copy from its first printing that he had managed to get done up in New York and was very impressed. We [National Vanguard Books] sold most of that printing for him, and then we did two more printings ourselves, a b o u t seven thousand copies, and sold out on that. The book's been out of p r i n t for around five or six years now. I promised Simpson before he died, which was in 1990 I think--he didn't quite make it to one hundred as I remember--that I'd reprint the book again after we sold all of the second edition. But he gave me a whole list of changes he wanted in the n e x t edition, and that made it a really big job, and I just haven't had t h e resources to get it done. "I'm sorry I didn't get to know Simpson better before he died. I found him to be a very interesting fellow, and I admired him as someone who was truly selfless. He was a true servant of the Life Force. He d i d n ' t put his own welfare, bank account, carnal pleasure, or anything else a h e a d of what he thought was the right thing to do. Here, let me get you a copy of Which Way Western Man? " Pierce stood up from his desk, turned to his left, took a couple of steps, and turned left through the open door into his library. I followed. It was dark in there--I could barely make out the titles of the books. I t was a good-sized room; I'd estimate it to be about t w e n t y - b y - t w e n t y - f i v e feet. It reminded me of the stacks in a university library, the same kind of metal shelves and arrangement. The walls were covered with books, and a couple of rows of shelves tightly packed from floor to ceiling with books spanned the room's interior. Pierce had labels taped onto the shelves categorizing his collection, so he knew right where to find the Simpson book. He went directly to the wall opposite the door, and after a b r i e f search he found what he was looking for. I stood behind him and took i n this tall grey-haired man standing in this gloomy library as he silently peered at titles and turned a few pages of the Simpson book once he f o u n d it. Pierce turned back to me and said "This is it," and handed over t h e bulky, dark-blue paperback. My hand gave way a bit from the weight of what I later learned was a seven-hundred-fifty-eight page volume.

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I thanked Pierce for the book and told him that I would spend t h e rest of that evening and the next day reading it, and that if I could get i t finished and my thoughts organized I would talk to him the next evening about what Simpson had written. Pierce said that was fine with him, and I bid him goodnight. I spent the rest of the evening paging through Which Way W e s t e r n M a n ? , stopping here and there to read a page or two or three to get myself oriented. It became quickly clear that this tome covered far more topics than I had the time to explore at this point. So I looked for a focus, s o m e theme or emphasis in the book that would serve the book I was p u t t i n g together about Pierce, something I could sound out Pierce about when w e spoke again the next evening. Within an hour, I found one that intrigued me. A central strand i n Simpson's book is his perspective on Christianity. It turns out t h a t Christianity was at the core of Simpson's being. He had studied for t h e ministry at the renowned Union Theological Seminary. Christian teachings guided his thoughts and actions until his mid- to late thirties, and t h e church's place in Western culture provided the context for his reflections throughout his life. I had the angle I would bring to my engagement w i t h the Simpson reading, which took up my time until well past midnight t h a t night and all of the next day until my 7:00 p.m. meeting with Pierce. In Which Way Western Man? Simpson tells the reader that in his t w e n t i e s he read of the life of Francis of Assisi and found it an inspiration a n d personal challenge. In Simpson's eyes, St. Francis exemplified what Jesus meant for his most dedicated followers to do in the world. At t w e n t y - e i g h t years of age, during a month alone on an island in the St. Lawrence River, Simpson made the decision to incorporate this ideal into his own life: In 1920, after five years of relentless questing for the place i n our world where I might make my life count for the most, I committed myself without any reserve and without compromise to a course of action dictated to me by the f a r t h e s t reaches of my religious insight and devotion, my highest idealism, and my most thoroughly thought-out convictions. With whole-souled abandon, I gave myself over to an effort t o put the teaching of Jesus into practice. I took him at his w o r d - with absolute literalness--in the same sense that Francis of Assisi did.4 Simpson lived a Franciscan life for nine years. Focusing his efforts i n large cities, he made his way across the American continent trying t o better the circumstance of people who were having a tough go of it in life.

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He toiled as a common laborer, giving his work as a gift and living o n whatever others chose to give him in return. It proved to be a n experience that was not only a test of what Simpson was made of as a person but also of the very foundations that had heretofore directed h i s life: liberalism, idealism, and Christianity. Simpson ended this phase of his life when he reached the conclusion that the way he had been conducting himself for nearly a decade w a s neither the best way for him to serve others nor consistent with his o w n personal make-up. As laudable as it seemed on the face of it, he finally decided, what he had been doing hadn't gotten at the heart of what w a s wrong with mankind. It hadn't because it isn't so much the conditions of human beings that need improvement but rather their caliber, and t h e way he had gone about things hadn't gotten at that. As for himself, looking back on it, Simpson saw that he had tried to become equal to the lowest and the least of individuals, and that just wasn't him, that wasn't his r o a d in life, it wasn't his way forward. It was now clear to him that what h e really wanted to do was reassert the life of the mind that called out to h i m and to reconnect with the aristocratic instinct and taste that he felt strongly to be natural to him. Plus, he was simply tired of the urban life he had led: "I came to be filled with a growing sense of the madness of cities, and indeed our whole civilization, and had a deepening hunger f o r mountains and the sea, and a desire to live close to the earth and to g r o w my own food."5 In 1932, Simpson left his wife and child, who had accompanied h i m on his Franciscan venture. A friend helped him make a down payment o n a farm in the Catskill Mountains of New York state, where he spent the r e s t of his long life. His primary vocation from that point forward was to s t u d y mankind--its nature, its limitations, its possibilities. From then on, i n s t e a d of being preoccupied with here-and-now destitution and despair as he h a d been, he would be guided by a positive vision of the future that he w o u l d create: "It was to the future I wished to address myself [in order to] prepare for the new dawn which I believed must at last succeed the s t o r m of the night."6 Simpson gave over the rest of his life to attempting to point the way to a finer human existence, with particular reference to those h e increasingly came to see as his people, those of European background. For them especially, he sought to describe a life of health, robustness, b e a u t y , nobility, and meaning far beyond what they were currently seeking a n d attaining, and far more in keeping with what he considered to be their t r u e nature and possibilities. Simpson began writing a series of papers t h a t spelled out his thoughts and sending them to friends. These p a p e r s became the basis for Which Way Western Man? I will focus on Simpson's religious views, which were a central part of that writing.

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In Which Way Western Man? Simpson analyzes the religious ideals t h a t were the foundation of his thinking and conduct in his younger years a n d offers what he considers to be a more life-affirming and life-enhancing perspective to use as a grounding for one's life. Simpson points out t h a t "Would you be a good Christian, then do good for others"--with special emphasis on caring for and giving to the underprivileged, the oppressed, the unfortunate, the sick, the sorrowful, the suffering--has always been a central message in Christianity. This Christian ideal of service to others i n need, says Simpson, originally grew out of the conception of Jesus as t h e Good Shepherd. In more recent times, this ideal has often carried with it a social gospel connotation: reform the world has been the call, the charge, heard by many of the faithful. It was this service/reform message of Christianity that came through so powerfully to Simpson during h i s younger years. It gave his life meaning and direction, and it enabled h i m to feel righteous and in the light, a member of the spiritual vanguard. The commitment and diligence he demonstrated in his Franciscan period was indeed praiseworthy, Simpson believes now, and as he t h i n k s back on it he did ease the pain of many people. Nevertheless, Simpson is convinced that he was misguided during this phase of his life. He w a s misguided because his Christian orientation had focused him on issues of human equality and had distracted him from what his experience o v e r those nine years had taught him was the most fundamental issue confronting mankind: human quality. His Franciscan perspective, h e eventually concluded, had worked against the only kind of life h e ultimately considered worth seeking for himself and for others--and t h a t is a life of quality. Human beings, Simpson decided, are in fact not equal. And moreover, qualitatively they are not as good as they once were, a n d the prime reason is that the better elements of mankind are being o u t b r e d by the worst. We need to attend to that problem and do something a b o u t it, asserts Simpson in his book. Virtually every one of Simpson's critiques of the church in Which Way Western Man? is grounded in this concern f o r the quality of human beings and individual and collective life and t h e related issue of, if you will, human breeding patterns. In Which Way Western Man?, Simpson defines an approach to life that he is certain is better than the ideal of Christian service he f o r m e r l y followed. Instead of attempting to save someone or ameliorate some social condition, Simpson stresses letting one's own life shine: that is to say, living honestly in accordance with one's own highest vision of oneself. Conducting one's life on this basis, contends Simpson, aligns with basic human nature. "No unspoiled and untamed life wants to 'be good,'" Simpson argues. "It wants to be itself." 7 The great drive in all u n b r o k e n life, writes Simpson, is to fulfill the demands in the innermost quick of i t s

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being. So determine to live as who you really are, advises Simpson. M a k e your outside match your inside. Obey your deepest impulses. Satisfy y o u r most inalienable and unappeasable desires. Rather than follow Jesus, suggests Simpson, follow the god within you. Christianity, asserts Simpson, cuts us off from others of our kind. Christianity's stress on spiritual commonality and unity among i t s adherents, he argues, obscures a much needed sense of biological a n d cultural connectedness and identification. While Christianity calls f o r deference to the idea of the brotherhood of all mankind, Simpson calls f o r a heightened awareness of what differentiates us, those of n o r t h e r n European heritage, from other peoples and the preservation of a n "indissolvable bond" among us. 8 The existence of this bond is crucially important, Simpson holds, because it encourages feelings of i n d e b t e d n e s s and obligation to our ancestors and a commitment to serve the future wellbeing of our culture and our race. Those who attend to the well-being of the race will be d r a w n , Simpson believes, to see what he sees: that a people will not maintain or go beyond themselves if they don't give serious attention to replenishing themselves with, as he puts it, "a steady stream of vigorous and gifted n e w life." 9 To be sure, the church is very interested in new life, since it w a n t s as many in its flock as possible; but its basic concern, contends Simpson, is with the quantity and not the quality of that new life. Thus Simpson e n d s up talking about service to others of a kind, but it is service to the survival and qualitative advancement of one's people, and in significant ways t h a t is different from seeking to heal the sick or serve the poor. Simpson argues that Christianity’s preoccupation with devotional practices and inner states of being has the effect of separating us from the physical side of existence--and that alienation, Simpson argues, contributes to o u r stagnation and deterioration both as individuals and as a people. By physical side of life, Simpson is referring to the earth itself and to s u c h things as diet and sex and--here it is again--breeding. Simpson warns u s against looking away from matters related to "man's relationship to t h e earth from which he has been formed; the state of the soil that s u p p o r t s the plant and animal life which supplies his food; and man's physical health and bodily beauty, and the vigorous will to beget children a s indications of it." 10 We are a physical organism, a part of nature, at a particular point in the evolutionary process, says Simpson. Church d o g m a and practice obscure those realities, and that does us a disservice.

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Simpson makes the case in Which Way Western Man? that Christianity does not concern itself enough with strength, vitality, distinctions based o n blood and breeding, and aristocratic excellence--those things that a r e supportive of the qualitative advancement of the race. To the contrary, claims Simpson, Christianity has had a sickening, a weakening, a n emasculating effect on Western civilization, as it has enslaved us to ideals and ways that vitiate our vigor as a people. Christianity, offers Simpson, is characterized by "soft" values: unselfishness, charitableness, forgiveness, patience, humility, and pity. The church has focused too much, Simpson holds, on "the poor, the sick, the defeated, the lowly, and sinners a n d outcasts" and not enough on "the well-constituted, and healthy, a n d beautiful, and capable, and strong, and proud." 11 Simpson believes t h a t people will become what they most value and what they most attend to, and therefore, at least by Simpson's standard, Christianity points us i n precisely the wrong direction. Christianity places too great an emphasis on one's subordination to a n external deity and the transference of responsibility and power to t h i s higher authority, writes Simpson. In contrast to this focus, Simpson points out that prior to the dominance of Christianity, Europeans stretching b a c k for three thousand years of their history believed most in the individuals who were noble and excellent. They expected people to stand on their o w n two feet and make something of themselves, and looked for leadership from those who proved themselves to be truly superior. To Simpson's mind, Christianity's sentimentality and other-worldliness has taken away man's belief in his innermost self, which is h i s belief in Life. It has taken away his struggle, without which there is no growth, no fulfillment. It has not told man to g e t his roots deep down in the soil, to food and drink, and to force his tender shoots up to the sky, to sun and air. On the contrary, it has told man that all this costly and painful labor has b e e n done for him by another, and to accept this fact and rest in it, and eventually he will be transplanted to another g a r d e n [heaven] and be miraculously transformed into a full-grown and perfect flower. 1 2 There simply isn't any other garden, says Simpson, and to live as if t h e r e were will result in this garden on earth, our garden, the only one there is, remaining--or becoming--barren.

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Simpson looks upon Christianity as a Semitic religion and foreign to t h e European spirit. He notes that while some assert that Christ was a Gentile, be that as it may, by religion he was a Jew. And in any case, Christ's teachings have been filtered through Saul of Tarsus--known as the Apostle Paul--to the extent that that Christianity is arguably Paul's religion m o r e than Jesus', and certainly Paul was a Jew. Thomas Cahill has written a recent bestseller entitled The Gift of the Jews: How a Desert Tribe o f Nomads Changed the Way Everyone Thinks and Feels.13 While Simpson would agree with Cahill that Jewish religious influences on the W e s t e r n world have indeed been strong, he surely wouldn't use the word gift t o describe them. In the long run, contends Simpson, no people can flourish, or even long maintain themselves, unless they live with and by a religion that accords with their own nature and ways: "A people's religion should come out of their own blood. It should be their own innermost soul m a d e manifest, the elevation before their eyes of their own hopes and d r e a m s , and of the lessons they have learned through their own immemorial With that criterion as its measure, says Simpson, experience." 14 Christianity is indeed not a gift to the Western world. Those of European heritage need a religion of their own, Simpson argues, one that is consonant with what is best in their past and t h e exigencies of their present. He calls for a religion "really our own," o n e that will "burst forth a new comprehension of life, a new vision, a n e w faith, a new discipline for every side of our life, personal and social, f o r man and woman and child, from top to bottom, for the lowest to t h e highest." 15 He envisions a bible that holds up our own ideals and traditions, the record of o u r supreme achievements and triumphs, the story of our saints and heroes, the admonitions of our great wise men and guides, the vision of our own hopes and dreams and purposes p u s h e d deep into a distant future. It will be the Book of Life not of t h e poor and the weak or the meek, a book of the strong and t h e masterful, who by their mastery over themselves will s h a p e their life into something more beautiful in soul and in body....It will be their book of gratitude to Life, their book of rejoicing, their cradle-song and their battle song, the mirror of their soul soaring over vast abysses and the eagle eye studying f a r horizons. It will be the supremely yea-saying book of a people resolved at all costs to live on the heights, to be itself; and t h a t will rather perish than give way to any other, to serve h i s will. 1 6

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Why, Simpson asks, cannot Aristotle be our Moses, Homer or some of t h e Icelandic sagas our Exodus and Judges? Why cannot Dante or Goethe t a k e the place of Job? Why cannot Blake supplant the Revelation of St. John a n d Shakespeare replace Ecclesiastes? And why cannot the Psalms b e superseded by the record of some ones of us, in the past or now or yet t o come, whose lives and teachings are most inspiring to our collective soul?1 7 When I met with Pierce the next evening I asked him for his reaction t o the way Simpson treated Christianity in Which Way Western Man? "I was very favorably taken by what Simpson had to say," Pierce replied. "By the time I read his book in the mid- to late-‘70s I had p r e t t y well concluded that Christianity was one of the major spiritual illnesses of our people and that we really had to come to grips with that. We couldn't pretend it was just a minor problem: we had to figure out how to deal w i t h it. And I thought Simpson's conclusions on that subject carried a lot of weight. When he was so immersed in it, Simpson had more claim to being a true Christian than just about anybody else on the planet. He w a s n ' t someone who rejected Christianity at a very early stage as I had. And h e was a very honest, demanding, and thoughtful person. Plus, he was a m a n of the world, being in contact with some of the intellectual leaders of h i s day. Therefore his conclusions were especially significant I thought." "You used the term 'major spiritual illness' to describe Christianity," I interjected. "That's pretty strong." "Yes, it is," Pierce replied. "But as I see it, Christianity has a n u m b e r of elements that are very destructive to our people. One of them is i t s egalitarianism. You know: 'the meek shall inherit the earth,' 'the last shall be first, and the first shall be last,' and so on. It's this whole Sermon-onthe-Mount idea of leveling and putting people down and pulling d o w n those who are on the top of the heap regardless of how they got there. I t is a fundamental part of Christian doctrine, and I think it is destructive of any kind of ordered society. When you look at Christianity you have to g e t beyond the requirements and rituals--you shall be baptized, you shall observe the marriage sacrament, and so forth--and look at underlying things, like the egalitarian, bolshevik message in this religion, which is really dangerous and has helped move us to this democratic age. "And then there is the universalistic message in Christianity. T h a t we are all alike, that fundamentally there is no difference among people, that the only thing that counts is whether you are in or out of Jesus' flock. It's the 'we are all one in Christ Jesus' idea--man and woman, white a n d black, Greek and Jew. We are all equal in the eyes of the Lord, t h a t business. All of that is fundamentally opposed to the evolutionary v i e w that I have and which I think is necessary to progress. The truth of t h e matter is that we aren't all one, and we are different from one another,

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and some individuals and cultures are better than others. Anything t h a t obscures that reality and its implications holds things back. "Another idea inherent in Christianity is that what we do here o n earth doesn't really matter. This life is just a testing ground; the r e a l action will go on someplace else, after our death--that line of thought. A n d then there is the notion that we don't have to really stay on the case because God has everything under control. He is watching us all the t i m e and looking out for us, and He can push this button or that one and m a k e anything happen He wants. We aren't in control, and in any case we d o n ' t need to be because it's not really our responsibility, it's God's. I h a v e talked to many Christians of good intelligence who accept this idea. But t o me, it comes down to an abdication of responsibility. “And then there is all the superstition and craziness in Christianity. When they had their chance, the Christians burned free thinkers, stifled intellectual development for centuries, and led people off to those suicidal Crusades. So I see Christianity as more than a humorous aberration; it's a really dangerous one. And at the same time that I say that I acknowledge that many if not most Christians are basically reasonable and d e c e n t people. It's just that they haven’t thought things all the way through. They aren't the problem--it's the doctrine." "I assume you agree with Simpson that Christianity is an alien religion." "I do. The European spirit is much more expressed in the p a g a n tradition of northern Europe. In that tradition, there was much more of the idea that man is responsible for the world around him. He is responsible for his own actions. And he's answerable to nobody b u t himself. To live up to the European concept of honor and responsibility is to me far more in accord with our nature than to try to follow Christianity. And I realize it is a complex subject because for a thousand y e a r s Christianity has been modified by European feeling, tradition, and religious ideas. That is how Christianity succeeded in gaining such a grip on Europe, by adapting itself to the conditions there." I had looked into pagan religions a bit after learning that Bob Mathews saw himself as an Odinist. Odinism is a pagan religion which holds that truths are inherent in nature and revealed by it and not a n overseeing God. Mathews was attracted to this pre-Christian religion as a reflection of Aryan spirit and will. Odin is the father deity of Norse mythology. He rules over a pantheon of gods and goddesses, including Thor, the god of thunder. He is depicted as a fearless fighter who carries a spear and inspires fearless human warriors called berserkers. Along w i t h being a fierce warrior, Odin is also the wisest god, having given an eye t o drink from the spring of wisdom. 18 Mathews was attracted to what he s a w as a strong, and white, God, in contrast to the martyred and Jewish Jesus.

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He didn’t want to be associated with a religion--Christianity--known f o r meekness and gentleness. 1 9 I mentioned to Pierce that I could u n d e r s t a n d how the image of a big, burly, bearded Viking-type wielding a spear or a battle-ax would have appeal to some people. "Well, I can understand how the idea of a Viking with his battle-ax charging into a monastery and splitting some monk's skull and grabbing a silver crucifix off the altar and melting it down to make bracelets would b e appealing,” Pierce replied. “But, really, that is a very one-sided picture. Raiding was one activity of the Vikings among many, and of course t h e Vikings were only one part of European culture and civilization. Although I will say that I can relate to that Viking image much more than the whole idea of the Crucifix, which seems so alien as a symbol of a religion. A m a n hanging from a cross crucified. That just seems weird to me. It is hard f o r me to have a good feeling about that. It just doesn't seem European to m e . It would take somebody with a really alien mindset to choose something like that as a symbol for a religion. It is an execution scene. It's like if I were to start a new religion and chose as a symbol a man hanging from a gallows, or in an iron cage with crows pecking at his skeleton. One of t h e principal symbols of pagan religion is the tree of life, it's called the World Tree, which represents their particular cosmology. Have you ever heard of it? [I hadn't.] To me, the World Tree is a much more fitting symbol for a religion for our people." The World Tree, I later learned, is a symbol for the continual creation of new life on earth amid the forces and creatures that tear at its r o o t s - roots that remain, through it all, ever green. The World Tree also represents nature as the source of nourishment and healing to mankind. 2 0 I could understand why Pierce brought this image up, as it reflects his o w n frame of reference. In the World Tree symbol there is the focus on t h i s earthly world and man's embeddedness in nature and dependence on it. And then too, there is the theme of renewal and growth amid struggle a n d adversity. Very much a Pierce representation, I decided. "Frankly," Pierce continued, "I fail to see anything that is good o r useful in Christianity. There are a lot of people who say, 'Where would w e be without Christianity. Without Christianity we'd all be raping and killing each other.' Well, we are raping and killing each other as it is. The fact of the matter is that before the dominance of Christianity, Europeans k e p t that sort of thing pretty much under control through the w a y s communities were set up. They had rules that made sense in terms of their survival and way of life, and the rules were enforced, and more o r less people respected the rules. There doesn't have to be some kind of supernatural sanction to keep people in line.

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"One of the things I quote often because I think it is significant comes from northern European non-Christian writings and it goes something like this: 'Cattle die and kinsman die, and so too must one die oneself. But there is one thing I know that never dies, and that is the fame of a d e a d man's deeds.' [It is from the Hávamál, a group of disconnected, fragmentary poems composed by unknown Norse poets between 800 a n d 1100 A.D..21] ‘Fame’ here doesn't mean fame in the way we think of i t today--notoriety, having people know who you are, being a celebrity, t h a t kind of thing. In this case, fame means your reputation, the impression you make on the world and your fellow men while you are alive. If y o u live in a way that warrants it, your people will remember you f o r generations as a person who did great things or was exceptionally wise o r just or courageous, whatever it was. That is the only immortality that is real, and that is a kind of immortality that can matter to people and really affect how they live. You don't need the promise of a life-after-death k i n d of immortality to get people to be good people. "Something you might find useful is a translation of a booklet I published in my magazine written in the 1930s or early ‘40s called T h e Voice of Our Ancestors which gets at an aspect of the European spirit. L e t me see if I can find it and you can look it over when you get the time." Pierce rummaged through a pile of assorted papers, letters, reports, and magazines and quickly pulled out the copy of National Vanguard magazine he was looking for. It always surprised me how fast he could locate what he wanted amid what seemed to be the disarray in his office. "Here it is. Go ahead and take it with you." Later that night I read The Voice of Our Ancestors issue of the National Vanguard Pierce gave me.22 It was written by a Wulf Soerensen--nobody I had ever heard of--and describes the thoughts of a man, I a s s u m e Soerensen himself, while gazing at miniature portraits of his ancestors from many generations back. He remarks to himself how little he k n o w s about them and how little real connection he feels with them. He speculates that likely he is not an exception in that regard. "People t o d a y don't even know the birth dates and death dates of their own parents,” h e writes. “Of course they're written down somewhere....Earlier--much earlier [he means before the predominance of Christianity in Europe]--things w e r e different...That was a time when the living flow of blood from father t o grandfather and great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather still h a d not been cut off. It had not yet sunk, as it has today, so deep b e n e a t h alien spiritual baggage that most of us can no longer hear its rustle..."2 3 The man then refers to the time when "Rome" (the Christian church) "cracked its whip over our land" and "overwhelmed the manifestation of

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our true nature." "Thus it happened that our people no longer could understand the voice of our ancestors, that we went astray for m a n y centuries, becoming more and more alienated from our own ways....Only h e who bears his own soul, living and burning in his breast, is an individual, is a master. And he who abandons his own kind is a slave."2 4 As I read this writer's obvious anger and resentment, I w a s reminded of the similar expressions by Native Americans and those f r o m the Third World about Christian missionaries I had heard and read. I w a s taken by the fact that this time it came from a European. To such men [as his distant forebears], the c o m m a n d m e n t s from Sinai were offered as guiding lights for their lives! Isn't i t understandable that they raised their swords in anger w h e n the monks told them they were "born in sin"--these best of t h e Goths, whose very name means "the good ones"? Can't o n e understand the unspeakable contempt with which these noble men regarded those who promised them a reward in h e a v e n for abstaining from doing things which were beneath t h e dignity even of animals? To such men the c o m m a n d m e n t s were brought: men who infinitely surpassed in human dignity and morality the monks who brought them. For countless generations they had been sky-high above the moral flatlands on which the commandments from Sinai operated. Thousands of years before the time of the "savior" the monks claimed t o represent, our ancestors had sown the seeds of culture a n d civilization throughout the world on long, seminal voyages a n d wanderings. 2 5 The writer imagines his pre-Christian ancestors as not knowing h o w to "beg" [pray]: They were too strong and proud--and too h e a l t h y - - f o r supplication....They wanted nothing given to them; either t h e y already had everything they wanted, or, if they lacked something, they got it for themselves. Their religion was a saying as brief as a wink and as clear and deep as a m o u n t a i n steam: "Do right and fear no one." As for the rest of it, it w a s n ' t really necessary to put into words, which suited a people w h o were naturally stingy with their words anyway. They carried that part of their religion inside them, and it served them like a compass needle which always steers a boat on its p r o p e r course. Wasn't that a better religion than one which must b e

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written down in a book, lest it be forgotten--and which o n e cannot properly understand until a priest comes and i n t e r p r e t s what is written there? And even then an act of faith is required to believe that this intricate interpretation is correct.…It is something we are supposed to believe is true, b u t of which no one can be certain and which most of us silently renounce, because it is contrary to Nature and to reason. W e want once again to be free of sin--from birth onward--like o u r ancestors were. We are tired of being humble and small a n d weak and all the other things demanded of us by a god w h o despises his own creations and looks on the world as a sink of corruption. We want to be proud again, and great and strong, and to do things for ourselves!2 6 When I finished reading the National Vanguard issue containing t h e Soerensen writing, I tossed it onto a dresser and it fell open to the l e t t e r s to-the-editor page. One of the letters caught my eye, and I stood there a n d read it. The anonymous writer referring to Christianity expressed t h e desire to "throw the whole thing out and start over from scratch with t h e sun, the moon, Odin, Thor, and all the other wild and beautiful forces in t h e majestic world of Nature." 2 7 As I thought about it, it seemed to me that got at the heart of t h e issue.

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2 1 ____________ WORLD WAR II I had decided that one section of the Pierce book would be a presentation of the topics or themes Pierce has been emphasizing in recent years. I would go through these areas one by one after I had established a context that would put them in perspective--that is to say, after I had gone o v e r Pierce’s personal history and basic view of things. I wrote down a list of topics that seemed to capture what Pierce has been focusing on in his radio broadcasts and writings: the Jewish control of the news and e n t e r t a i n m e n t outlets, white racial identity and commitment, immigration and t h e "browning of America," the globalization of the economy, the failures of white leadership and the limits of mass democracy, public school inadequacies, and how contemporary gender roles were off-base. I decided the next step was to go through my list with Pierce to see if he saw the categories in the same way I did. When I had finished r e a d i n g through what I had on the sheet of paper, Pierce quickly offered, “Don't forget the historical theme. I have been very concerned about World W a r II and its impact on things since." Yes, of course. Not only should it have been on the list, it should have been first on the list. Pierce is engrossed in the World War II period. It is all grounded there for him. Undoubtedly that is due in large part t o the connection he feels with Hitler and National Socialism. But the m o s t powerful stimulus behind Pierce’s consuming interest in the World War I I era, I believe, is his fervent conviction that this was a m o n u m e n t a l l y important turning point in the course of Western history. As he sees it, t h e direction that cultural and political events of Europe and America h a v e taken over the past half-century were set in motion by that war. Pierce thinks that if we--and by ‘we’ he means white people--are to u n d e r s t a n d our time we are going to have to get beyond the official version of w h a t World War II was about and take a hard look at what really h a p p e n e d back then, and he is encouraging people to do just that. He sees himself i n a tough battle in getting them to do it, however, because he is convinced that there are powerful forces in our society that make any questioning of the prevailing interpretation of those years, and any suggestion of a n alternative account a highly unwelcome and even condemned a n d punished, undertaking.

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During the time I was in West Virginia, Pierce was obviously savoring a book he was reading entitled The Wolf of the Kremlin by S t u a r t Kahan. 1 I assume Bob DeMarais steered him to the book, suggesting t h a t he might be interested in reading it. Bob takes on the role of recommending titles to Pierce. Pierce had mentioned The Wolf of t h e Kremlin to me several times, and it was readily apparent to me that h e was having a great time with the book. He told me that it was about a right-hand man of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin by the name of Lazar Kaganovich. Kaganovich, Pierce told me, was the most powerful Jew in t h e Soviet Union from the late 1920s through the '30s. In 1929 Stalin had p u t him in charge of supervising the collectivization of Soviet agriculture. According to Pierce, Kaganovich came to be known as the "“Butcher of t h e Ukraine.” After I left the property, I read an article by Pierce, published in h i s Free Speech magazine, which deals with Kaganovich. Like everything i n Free Speech, the Kaganovich piece was based on a transcript of one of Pierce’s radio programs. I also read three other of Pierce's Free Speech articles that have to do with World War II. All of the articles, including the one on Kaganovich, begin with an account of an atrocity--the first t h r e e by the Soviets and the last by Moroccans who were fighting on the side of the Allies--and then go from there to an explication of Pierce's conception of that period in history. After going through these writings, I have a better understanding of what Pierce was getting at in his references t o Kaganovich during his conversations with me, as well as Pierce's overall perspective on World War II. In these next pages, I will weave these f o u r writings together to try to capture Pierce's view of this time in history a n d its current significance. Pierce's Kaganovich article in Free Speech is called “The Genocide a t Vinnitsa.” 2 Vinnitsa is a city of one hundred thousand people in, which a t that time, of course, was a part of the Soviet Union. According to Pierce’s account, Germany had invaded the Soviet Union with the aim of destroying communism. Note Pierce's conception of the struggle--Germany w a s fighting communism. The German army had pushed far into the Soviet Union and had, in Pierce’s words, “liberated all of the Ukraine from t h e communists.” Pierce tells us that Ukrainian officials in Vinnitsa told t h e Germans when they arrived that five years earlier the NKVD (which Pierce describes as the Soviet secret police and a counterpart to our FBI) h a d executed a number of Ukrainian civilians--farmers and workers and a f e w civil servants and priests. The Germans investigated these allegations and proceeded to dig u p nine thousand four hundred thirty-nine corpses in mass graves in a

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nearby park and orchard. The bodies of the men had their hands t i e d behind their back. All of the victims had been shot in the back of the n e c k with a .22 caliber pistol. Pierce tells us that this was a trademark m e t h o d and weapon of the NKVD. While the men were clothed, many of the y o u n g women were unclothed. The Germans estimated that in addition to t h e over nine thousand bodies they were able to find, there were a n o t h e r three thousand buried in that vicinity that they didn’t find. The relatives of the dead said that the individuals who had been arrested in those y e a r s weren't criminals in any conventional sense but rather were charged w i t h being “enemies of the people” by the NKVD and imprisoned. As I read Pierce’s account of the killings, I had questions about t h e method of killing. Would they shoot prisoners in the neck? Wouldn’t t h e y shoot them in the skull? I asked Pierce about that. “The NKVD executioners,” he replied, “shot prisoners in the base of the skull, right a t the top of the spine, so that the bullet would destroy the m e d u l l a oblongata, which is the most primitive part of the brain, controlling respiration and heartbeat. This caused certain and immediate death, whereas a shot higher into the head would damage the cerebrum, which controls higher functions, but might not kill the victim. Some w r i t e r s describe the shot into the base of the skull as a ‘neck shot,’ but it w a s really a shot into the lower part of the skull, where the head is attached t o the neck.” Pierce in his article gives some background of the situation. Ukrainians, he writes, possessed an independent and nationalistic spirit and wanted no part of the Soviet Union from the earliest days after t h e Bolsheviks came to power following the Russian revolution in 1917. T h e Ukraine was the stronghold of kulaks--independent farmers and small landowners. The kulaks didn’t take to collectivization of agriculture, and i t was Kaganovich’s job to break their spirit or eliminate them. One tactic i n this overall strategy was a state-induced famine. The NKVD and Red A r m y troops would go from farm to farm and confiscate crops and livestock. Pierce reports that the head of the NKVD during this period was a Jew b y the name of Genrikh Yagoda. Pierce claims that there was a preponderance of Jews in the NKVD. Pierce puts the number of Kulaks who died of starvation in 1934 and 1935 at seven million. There was an NKVD prison in Vinnitsa, Pierce writes. Its n o r m a l capacity was two thousand inmates, but by 1937 and 1938 it was p a c k e d with eighteen thousand prisoners. Pierce describes a nightly activity a t the prison: Throughout much of 1938 a few dozen prisoners were t a k e n from the prison each night and driven to a nearby motor pool area. There their hands were tied behind their backs and t h e y

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were led, one at a time, a few hundred feet to a concrete slab i n front of a garage. The slab was used for washing vehicles, a n d it had a drain at one side with an iron grating over it. Just a s the prisoners reached the edge of the slab they were shot i n the back of the neck, so that when they fell onto the concrete their blood would run into the drain. This was what the NKVD men jokingly call mokrii robota--"wet work"--and they h a d had plenty of experience at "wet work." A truck parked next t o the slab kept its engine racing so that the noise of the engine would cover the sound of the shots. While the next p r i s o n e r was being led up, a couple of NKVD men would throw t h e corpse of the previous prisoner into the truck. When t h e night's quota of victims had been murdered the truck w o u l d drive off with its load of corpses to the fenced-in park or to t h e nearby orchard, where new graves already were waiting. A n d this "wet work" went on night after night, month after month.3 Pierce then goes into why he thinks what happened so long ago i n the Ukraine generally and in Vinnitsa specifically matters to us in o u r time. For one thing, Pierce asserts, these Ukrainians who were m u r d e r e d were our people, our kinfolk, part of our race. That is importance enough, he says, but beyond that there is the fact that very few people k n o w anything about these events, and the question becomes, why don’t t h e y ? We hear about what happened in Auschwitz all the time, Pierce notes, b u t we never hear about what happened in Vinnitsa. Our attention is drawn t o the Holocaust constantly, but rarely if ever is it drawn to what h a p p e n e d in the Ukraine. Why is that? Pierce asks. Pierce answers his own question. It is because the people w h o control the flow of information in our society are Jews, and t h e y disseminate what they care about and what serves their interests. To Jews, the Holocaust is important because Jews died there, and the genocide in the Ukraine is not important because Gentiles (non-Jews) died t h e r e . And it is to the Jews' advantage, Pierce contends, to keep "rubbing o u r noses" in the Holocaust because it makes us feel guilty. They want us t o feel that we owe them something for letting this terrible thing happen t o them. They are innocent and everybody else is in the wrong in one way o r another. That is the image they want to project. The Jews don't w a n t Vinnitsa to come up because they were the guilty ones there. The Jews have been able to paint themselves as the only victims i n the war, says Pierce. It isn't going to help their cause to divide t h e attention and sympathy of the American public between Auschwitz a n d Vinnitsa or between those who died in the Holocaust and the millions w h o perished in the genocide in the Ukraine. It isn't going to help them g e t

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billions of dollars every year for Israel from the United States, military strikes against Iraq, Israel's number one antagonist in the Middle East, whenever they want them, or to expropriate money out of the Germans, the Swiss, and others for claimed wrongs done to Jews of past generations. If the Ukrainians controlled the news and entertainment networks i n America, says Pierce, you can bet that we would have all heard about w h a t happened in Vinnitsa and what happened to the kulaks. But t h e Ukrainians aren't in control of the media, that is the point. The Ukrainians don't control television and they don’t dominate the publishing industry. They don't own the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall S t r e e t Journal, Time, N e w s w e e k , or US News and World Report. And t h e Ukrainians don't control the motion picture industry. Steven Spielberg is not Ukrainian. We have been getting a falsified version of this time in our history, insists Pierce. It is critically important, he says, that we come to realize this and that we learn the truth about what happened back then, because what occurred during the Second World War set the direction for what h a s happened since, including what is going on now in the Middle East. T h e fundamental reality, Pierce contends, is that our government allied w i t h the Soviet government for the purpose of destroying Germany. The Soviet communists were presented to the American public as the good guys a n d the Germans as the bad guys. We never heard about things like w h a t happened in the Ukraine, or in the Katyn Forest, another o u t r a g e committed by the Soviets, or any of the other atrocities against our people by the communists, says Pierce, because that would have gotten in the w a y of the program of building up the Soviet communists as worthy allies a n d setting us up to support and participate in the destruction of Germany. Pierce's mention of the Katyn Forest in his list of atrocities is a reference of what has become known as the Katyn Forest Massacre. The Katyn Forest is in western Russia. Pierce's version of what happened there sheds m o r e light on his conception of the Second World War and its significance.4 In September of 1939 Poland was attacked from the west b y Germany and from the east by the Soviet Union. Pierce's view of it is t h a t the Germans wanted the part of western Poland that had been taken a w a y from them after the First World War, much of which had historically b e e n German territory. As for the Soviets, it wasn’t clear from Pierce’s writing what he considered to be their motivation, so I e-mailed him asking him t o clarify his thinking about that. He replied immediately: Soviet communism was expansionist and imperialist. Furthermore, Russia had historic claims to eastern Poland going back for centuries. In fact, between the so-called Third

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Partition of Poland in 1795 and the First World War, Poland didn’t even exist as an independent state. Russian nationalists never really accepted the separation of Poland from Russia after World War I and were eager to “correct” this separation.5 Under strong Jewish pressure, says Pierce, Britain and France declared war against Germany, ostensibly because of Germany's invasion of Poland. What Pierce wants noted is that Britain and France chose not t o declare war on the Soviet Union, who had invaded Poland just as Germany had. The Jews in those two countries, and in the United States, says Pierce, hated Germany and wanted to destroy her, and were highly enamored of the Soviet Union. Why? Because Hitler was freeing Germany from Jewish influence (again, note his choice of language). The Jews had a v i r t u a l monopoly on certain professions in Germany and on the mass media a n d had been distorting German culture, says Pierce. Hitler’s government w a s weeding them out of the economic and academic life of the nation and o u t of the arts. By 1939, two-thirds of Germany's Jews had emigrated. In t h e Soviet Union, in contrast, the Jews were "riding high" as commissars a n d party bosses. In the U.S. and western Europe at this time, the Jews h e l d what Pierce calls a "deathgrip" on the mass media and were v e r y influential behind the scenes politically, and they did everything t h e y could to promote a pro-Soviet and anti-German posture in these countries. In Pierce's version of the history of this time, Hitler very m u c h wanted to avoid a war with Britain, France, and America, for whom he felt an affinity. However, he thought that his country had been t r e a t e d unconscionably by the victors in World War I, and he was dedicated t o doing something about it. Hitler also hated communism and looked u p o n the Soviet communists as a threat to all of Europe, and he recognized t h e i r hostility to everything he represented and was trying to achieve. In t h e spring of 1941, massive troop buildups in the Soviet Union, as well a s other internal developments there, convinced him that the USSR was going to invade Germany from the east. This circumstance, so claims Pierce, coupled with Hitler’s general hostility to the Bolshevik regime in the Soviet Union prompted him to make a pre-emptive strike. German troops smashed through Poland and continued on into the Ukraine and Russia. These events set the stage for the Katyn Forest episode. According to Pierce's version of what occurred, in 1943 when t h e Germans entered an area near Smolensk in western Russia they h e a r d reports from Russian civilians that a large number of prisoners had b e e n murdered in that vicinity by the Soviet NKVD three years before. T h e Germans were led to a series of mounds in a wooded area known as t h e Katyn Forest about ten miles west of the city. As they did in Vinnitsa, t h e

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Germans dug into the mounds and began discovering bodies. They t h e n called in the International Red Cross and representatives of various n e u t r a l countries. Four thousand corpses were uncovered in mass graves, a n d based on the information they received, the Germans estimated t h a t eleven thousand bodies were still missing. The dead turned out to b e Polish. They tended to be influential Poles--military officers, cultural a n d business leaders, intellectuals, and artists. Fifteen thousand of them h a d been rounded up by the NKVD and shot in the back of the neck. Was the Soviet Union condemned for that atrocity? Pierce a s k s rhetorically. No, they weren't. They were the “good guys,” our ally against the “awful” Germans. Unlike Vinnitsa, the American media did treat t h e Katyn Forest story some, but the spin put on it was that the Germans themselves were the ones who had perpetrated the massacre. The m e d i a and our government certainly didn't want the public to think that o u r friends the Soviets were butchering civilian populations. Better that o u r people thought that the Germans had perpetrated the terrible deed. T h a t would support the official line that the war must go on to free the Poles from the wicked Germans, who must be made to pay for their actions. A n d the war did go on, Pierce notes, at the cost of many millions of lives a n d the physical devastation of Europe, and indeed the Germans w e r e punished, and the Poles and the entire rest of Eastern Europe were t u r n e d over to Soviet domination for almost half a century. Pierce says that now historians accept that it was the Russians w h o murdered fifteen thousand of Poland's leaders, and that it took place between March and May of 1940, fourteen months before the German invasion of the Soviet Union. You can read about it in libraries, Pierce says. An example he offers is the book Death in the Forest: The Story of t h e But don't hold your b r e a t h Katyn Forest Massacre by J.K. Zowodny. 6 waiting for any Hollywood movies about this atrocity, Pierce cautions. And then there was what happened to German civilians at the hands of Soviet military units in East Prussia after the war. Pierce writes: Often the men...were simply murdered on the spot. The w o m e n were, almost without exception, gang-raped. This was the f a t e of girls as young as eight years old and old women in t h e i r eighties, as well as women in the advanced stages of pregnancy. Women who resisted rape had their throats cut o r were shot. Very often women were murdered after being g a n g raped. Many women and girls were raped so often and s o brutally that they died from this abuse alone. 7

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Pierce quotes a directive to Soviet troops commissar by the name of Ilya Ehrenburg:

from a Jewish Soviet

Kill! Kill! In the German race there is nothing but evil; not o n e among the living, not one among the yet unborn but is evil! Stamp out the fascist beast once and for all in its lair! Use force and break the racial pride of these German women. Take t h e m as your lawful booty. Kill! As you storm onward, kill, y o u gallant soldiers of the Red Army.8 By no means were all Russian soldiers butchers and rapists, n o t e s Pierce. For instance, there was a captain in the Red Army by the name of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who was in Germany in 1945. Captain Solzhenitsyn wrote about a scene he witnessed in the town of Neidenberg: Twenty-two Hoeringstrasse. It's not been burned, just looted, rifled. A moaning by the walls, half muffled: the m o t h e r ' s wounded, still alive. The little daughter's on the mattress, dead. How many have been in on it? A platoon, a c o m p a n y perhaps? A girl's been turned into a woman, a woman t u r n e d into a corpse....9 Pierce claims that the Jews don't want us to know what happened t o the Germans after World War II. Or, for that matter, during it--he gives a s an example the fire-bombing by the Allies of the civilian German population in the city of Dresden.10 The Jews don't want us to see that t h e Germans were victims too, Pierce argues. The Jews suffered and t h e Germans didn't--that is what they want us to think. Similarly, the Jews don't want us to think about the millions of others of our people who d i e d at the hands of the communists in the Ukraine and in the Siberian gulags. 1 1 We are told that children in school have to learn about the Holocaust because it was the greatest crime against mankind in history. But t h e genocidal atrocities against our people matter too, Pierce writes. The t r u t h of it, he says, is that many persons besides the Jews suffered enormously in that catastrophe known as World War II. But for the lies we were told, says Pierce, we would have n e v e r allowed ourselves to become involved in the war in Europe, even with t h e Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. If the information we received had n o t been so controlled and so slanted, so biased, perhaps Eastern Europe wouldn't have wound up in the hands of the Soviets to be plundered for s o long. If we had known something other than the story we had been fed, perhaps communism would have been crushed in Europe decades before i t

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was. And perhaps Korea and Vietnam wouldn't have happened, and t h e one hundred thousand of our best men who perished in those conflicts would never have died. And perhaps we wouldn't be pouring billions of dollars every year into propping up Israel and doing its bidding in t h e Middle East and alienating the Arab nations in the process. But we d i d n ' t hear the truth then, maintains Pierce, just as we aren't hearing the t r u t h now. White people ought to be concerned when any part of our history is suppressed from us, says Pierce. We ought to find out why it h a p p e n e d and how it happened. If we understand things like Vinnitsa and Katyn, i t might help us ensure that this kind of thing doesn't happen in the future. Understanding these obscure events that took place so long ago m i g h t contribute to a realization among us that we can't trust the mass media, o r the government in Washington that dances to the tune of the Jews. Pierce says he knows that his message is not a welcome one to m a n y Americans, but nevertheless he believes Americans need to hear it: There were a lot of decent Americans who fought in the war i n Europe, anti-Communist Americans, and many of them d o n ' t want to think about the fact that they fought on the w r o n g side....I believe that knowing the truth...is far more i m p o r t a n t than protecting our carefully nurtured belief that we were o n the side of righteousness. I believe that understanding how w e were deceived in the past is necessary if we are to avoid being deceived in the future. 1 2 But while Americans need to hear this alternative perspective on t h e war, there are many, according to Pierce, who would keep them f r o m hearing it. He says that if he had written or said any of what he did in t h i s article in Canada or Britain it would have been labeled hate speech and h e would have been shut up immediately. This could happen in this country, says Pierce, if those who don’t want what he says to be allowed expression have their way. Pierce acknowledges that those who want to make s u r e that people like him are silenced are articulate and highly persuasive i n their arguments, and that many well-intended people support them i n their efforts. But see through what they are up to, implores Pierce, a n d don't let them get away with it. I mentioned to Bob DeMarais that World War II had come up in m y conversations with Pierce. He reached over to a table next to his desk a n d picked up a book and handed it to me. “Have you read this?” he asked. “It is about some women who opposed America’s involvement in World W a r II. Why don’t you take it with you?”

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I thanked Bob and went on my way. The book Bob gave me was entitled Women of the Far Right by Glen Jeansonne. 13 The book tells the story of an organized right-wing w o m e n ' s movement in the 1930s and ‘40s that centered its efforts around opposing America's involvement in World War II. Jeansonne provides sketches of the women who led this movement and the organizations they created. I t quickly came home to me that this was no minor phenomenon I w a s reading about: at its peak, the confederation of woman's groups t h a t conducted this campaign against the Franklin Roosevelt administration a n d I was its supporters had a membership of six million members. 14 staggered to read those numbers. I had always associated large-scale a n t i war activity with Vietnam. My image of World War II, in contrast, w a s that of the Good War that everybody, or just about everybody, supported. What I was learning in the Jeansonne book cut some holes in that picture I was carrying around in my head. Also, as I read along in the book I was increasingly taken by the fact that I had never heard of any of these women. After I left West Virginia I found out that I wasn't alone. I mentioned some of these women's n a m e s to several generally informed people, and they hadn't heard of t h e m either. It appears that even though these women were well known i n their day they have been blotted out of mainstream history. They are n o t part of the story of this country that we have been told and that we s h a r e as a people. Reading the Jeansonne book raised the question for me of h o w that happened, and it got me thinking about what difference it makes n o w that for all practical purposes these women never existed. Although the women depicted in the book saw themselves a s champions of woman, they stood out in stark contrast to today's feminists. Of course, one obvious difference is that their reactionary politics is on t h e opposite side of the political spectrum from the vast majority of m o d e r n feminists, who tend to be on the left in varying degrees. These earlier women were highly nationalistic and patriotic. They were ardently a n t i Communist and pro-capitalist, and their political antipathies and allegiances were at the forefront of their personal and organizational agendas; that is to say, they were more than advocates for women. A s they saw it, gender issues were embedded in larger socio-political concerns and needed to be confronted within this broader context. As well, t h e i r orientation was in the first instance maternal. They saw themselves a s mothers, they approached things from that perspective. Only mothers, they believed, could save their sons from the slaughter in the war that w a s impending. Also, these women supported sexual abstinence b e f o r e marriage, and they upheld the traditional nuclear family, which in t h e i r eyes included a strong and vital patriarchal presence. These women d i d n ' t

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set themselves off against men. Men, their husbands and sons and o t h e r men, weren't "them" to these women, they were part of "us." These women didn't paint men as oppressors or competitors or adversaries, o r see them as needing to be held in check or re-conditioned. Another difference, in contrast to feminism's coolness toward organized religion, these women tended to be avowed Christians. And a last contrast: while Jewish women have been disproportionately represented in today's women's movement, 15 these earlier women were markedly anti-Jewish i n their attitudes. The first mothers' organization was formed in 1939 just a f t e r Germany invaded Poland and Britain entered the war. Three mothers of draft-age sons--Frances Sherrill, Mary Sheldon, and Mary I r e l a n d - - s t a r t e d a group called the National Legion of Mothers of America. The purpose of this new organization was to oppose the use of United States troops except for defending this country from attack. By the end the first week, t e n thousand women had joined up. One of the new recruits was quoted a s saying, "I have a 21-year-old son and I am going to fight for him. It w a s too much trouble to bring him into the world and bring him up all t h e s e years to have him fight the battles of foreign nations." 16 By 1941, t h e NLMA claimed four million members. 1 7 The most prominent woman to emerge on the far right during t h e s e years was Elizabeth Dilling. Dilling described herself as a "super patriot," and said that the real threat in Europe to us wasn't fascism b u t communism. Dilling's anti-communism took on racial overtones, as s h e claimed that the "interracial idea," as she referred to it, was one of t h e strongest dogmas of socialism-communism. She said that the left p r o m o t e s interracial sex, and that if they get their way the races will be molded into “one big mass.”18 Dilling contended that the left had duped everybody into seeing fascism as the big enemy when in fact it defended p r o p e r t y , supported religion, promoted class harmony, battled communism, a n d presented no threat to us. As far as Dilling was concerned, getting into t h e European war on the side of the communists in the Soviet Union w a s joining forces with precisely the wrong side in the conflict, and that in a n y case sending our boys across the ocean to fight in a European war w o u l d result in young lives being lost, disruption to family life, and a strain to t h e social fabric of this country. Dilling was very hostile to the woman's movement on the left, which, she argued, had "tried to get women enthusiastically to prefer bricklaying to feminine pursuits." She also became increasingly hostile to Jews. She claimed that she did not set out to oppose Jews but that the fact of t h e matter is that "no one with open eyes can observe a Red parade, a communist, anarchist, socialist, or radical meeting anywhere in the w o r l d

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without noting the prominence of Jewry." 19 Referring to Emma Goldman, the leftist Jewish atheist, Dilling asked, "Have women like me who believe in beautiful Christian ideals the right to sit in their rose-shaded living rooms while the Emma Goldmans fill the platforms with their dirt a n d anti-American ideas?" 2 0 Whatever else can be said about Dilling, nobody can deny that s h e worked hard. She toiled from early morning to midnight every day of t h e week at the cause she had taken to heart. Dilling wrote and toured t h e country tirelessly, and by 1939 audiences for her lectures and speeches had grown from hundreds to electrified thousands. 21 In opposition to t h e Lend Lease Act (legislation which provided American arms to the British and, in her eyes, paved the way to sending our boys to die in Europe) Dilling led a parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington. W o m e n marched in twos and carried banners that said "Kill Bill 1776 [the L e n d Lease Act] Not Our Boys." A mass rally followed the march. Among Dilling's other activities in opposition to the war that she was sure w a s coming, she organized a demonstration of twenty-five women outside of the office of a senator who was reputed to want the war. When t h e women sat down and refused to leave, Dilling and one other woman w e r e arrested and the others ejected from the corridor. Dilling was l a t e r 22 convicted of disorderly conduct for the incident. While World War II was in process, Dilling was given to say things like, "Any professed servant of Christ who could aid the church-burning, clergy-murdering, God-hating Soviet regime belongs either in the ranks of the blind leaders of the blind or in the ancient and dishonorable order of Judas." 23 This sort of thing got her arrested and brought to trial f o r violating the Sedition and Smith acts, namely undermining the morale of the armed forces in wartime. The case was eventually dismissed, but i t did serve the purpose of putting a crimp in Dilling's activities by tying u p her time and draining her financial resources as she had to come up w i t h legal fees and the other costs of a trial far from home. 24 After the w a r , Dilling kept right on going, crusading against communism, racial integration, the income tax, and the growing power of the federal government until her death in 1969. 2 5 Catherine Curtis was another prominent woman on the extreme r i g h t during these years. Curtis was considered to be the most effective organizer among women of her ideological stripe, and she became t h e leader of the coalition that included the National Legion of Mothers of America. 26 Curtis argued that getting into a war would involve m o t h e r s turning their sons over to the government and would negate their work of nurturing their boys from cradle to the grave. 27 She shared with t h e others in this movement an antipathy toward Jews, whom she saw a s

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dominating banking, politics, and the entertainment industry to t h e detriment of the rest of the country. 2 8 In 1935 Curtis founded the Women Investors of America. This organization tied rightist ideology to the achievement of women's rights and sponsored talks by Curtis and others on financial matters. Curtis looked upon the development of woman's financial capabilities not as a way for women to achieve independence of men or family but rather as a means of guarding and augmenting the family pocketbook. She also thought that woman's financial expertise could guard the nation's pocketbook as well, and thus serve as a buffer against communism. And then there was Lyrl Clark Van Hyning. By the early 1940s, V a n Hyning's organization, We the Mothers of America, had one hundred a n d fifty thousand members nationwide. Its male auxiliary was called We t h e Van Hyning reflected the anti-Semitism Fathers of America. 29 characteristic of this group of women, as she blamed Jewish international bankers for getting the United States into the war and circulated a recall petition against members of Congress she said were responsible for doing their bidding. Van Hyning strongly opposed the Normandy invasion i n 1944, an event that has been brought back to the nation's attention i n recent years by Steven Spielberg's film, Saving Private Ryan. A few w e e k s before the invasion Van Hyning said, "Those boys who will be forced t o throw their young flesh against that impregnable wall of steel are t h e same babies mothers cherished and comforted and brought to manhood. Mother's kiss healed all hurts of childhood. But on invasion day no kiss can heal the terrible hurts and mother won't be there. Mothers h a v e 30 Reading this passage, a contrasting betrayed their sons to the butchers." image to Van Hyning’s stridency and defiance came to my mind: the I o w a mother in the Spielberg film who lay crumpled on the floor at the feet of military personnel who had just informed her that three of her sons h a d been killed in the war. Modern feminists have nothing good to say about women like Dilling, Curtis, and Van Hyning. To them, it is virtually inconceivable that w o m e n would presume to link right-wing ideology and political activity with t h e promotion of women's rights. When they speak of these kinds of w o m e n at all, they paint them as dupes of males and betrayers of the t r u e interests of women. Gerda Lerner has stated that these sorts of w o m e n have internalized the idea of their inferiority, and that this has led them t o participate in their own subordination. Hester Eisenstein says that t h e y have been brainwashed to believe they need men to protect them. A t h i r d contemporary feminist, Andrea Dworkin, calls them reprehensible. 3 1

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But there is still the overwhelming reality of the Holocaust. Apart f r o m anything else, didn’t that horror make any view other than the war as a victory of good over evil beside the point? I needed to hear what Pierce would say about this. “Most people who hear your criticism of o u r involvement in World War II or your condemnation to the Jews,” I began,“ will very quickly dismiss you with a reference to the Holocaust. Of course that is why we were in Europe, to put an end to the Holocaust. I just r e a d Alan Dershowitz' book Chutzpah, 32 and he labels a bigot anyone who d e n i e s the accepted version of six million Jews being killed and the use of g a s chambers as means of extermination. What is your perception of t h e Holocaust?" "Before I began reading a lot of history when I was on the faculty a t Oregon State University,” Pierce answered me, “I had a generally sympathetic attitude toward Jews. I had accepted the Hollywood propaganda line that the Nazis were terrible creatures who took all t h e s e sensitive, violin-playing, philosophizing, poetizing, harmless people a n d brutalized and killed them--six million of them. But then I started r e a d i n g some books that weren't on the approved reading list. One of the books a s I remember was put out by a Catholic social agency in Germany or Austria and it was about the atrocities committed against German civilians a f t e r the war--I think it was called The Tragedy of Silesia. [I later found t h e book, edited by Johannes Kaps and published in Munich in 1952. 33 ] T h e book was written by priests and has first-person, eyewitness accounts of what happened to Germans after the war, horrible stuff--whole families being raped and their throats cut, children tortured to death by d r u n k e n Red Army soldiers, that kind of thing, on a massive scale. It hit me that I hadn't been exposed to that kind of information before, and it led me t o read other things. I came away from this with a much broader perspective on atrocity and genocide during this period of the 1940s than I had h a d before. "I remember a photograph in Life magazine of a fifteen-year-old girl who had just been gang-raped by a group of Poles on a train b e a r i n g German expellees from the eastern territories. I have that photograph i n my files to this day because it so struck me when I saw it and read t h e caption under it. It turns out that hundreds of thousands of German girls were raped. Why, I wondered, when all these terrible things happened d o we only hear about what happened to the Jews? I had never heard of what happened to the Germans until I dug material out of the back shelves of libraries. It certainly wasn't on television. Schools weren't talking about it in history classes. The answer I came to in response to my o w n question is that we don't hear about what happened to the Germans because the Jews don't want us to, and with the power they have over t h e

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media and the power they have politically they are able to publicize a n d capitalize on what happened to them and suppress information about w h a t happened to anybody else. The result is they have a monopoly on victim status, and that is a good card to have in your hand. "The next question I asked myself was, if the Jews have the power t o control what people learn about who got raped or killed during that time, they don't absolutely have to be telling the truth; who is going to challenge them? So I began looking into the details of the Holocaust. Of course, it is a lifetime job to try to get at the bottom of that situation and figure o u t exactly what happened, but I did find what I took to be credible evidence that some of the Holocaust stories were simple lies. I came to t h e conclusion that the Holocaust story isn't wholly true. So then the big question is: what parts are true and what parts aren't? And the only w a y to get at that is to deal with it piece by piece. You have to take a particular claim--’I saw them gas ten thousand Jews on March 19th,’ or w h a t e v e r - and look at the evidence: could this have happened? did it happen? And if it didn't happen as the story had it, what did happen? Each one of these is a full-fledged project for some historian or graduate student. “Anyway, I learned about enough things that had been falsified, exaggerated, or distorted that I became what Mr. Dershowitz would call a Holocaust denier. Actually, I think that is a deliberate misnomer. Because I don't deny that Jews were killed. The Germans wanted to get rid of t h e Jews. They started by forcing them to emigrate as soon as Hitler b e c a m e Chancellor by passing various exclusionary laws that cut Jews out of o n e sector of German life after another. Jews couldn't publish n e w s p a p e r s except ones for their fellow Jews. They couldn't teach in regular schools, only in Jewish schools. Jewish attorneys could only have practices serving their fellow Jews. The result was that before the war started two-thirds of German Jews had left the country. And that was really Hitler's aim. He may have had a secret desire to cut a few Jewish throats, but his main goal was to get them out of Germany and off the Germans' backs so t h a t Germans could do things their own way. "And then of course the war came along and a lot of Jews did end u p in concentration camps. And some Jews were executed--particularly in t h e east--and many Jews died of typhus and malnutrition. I have personally talked to Germans who participated in shootings of Jews in the east. A n d these included mass shootings, often done in reprisal for something t h a t had occurred. Germans would put Jews into ghettos in Polish, Russian, a n d Ukrainian areas. Jewish partisans would kill a German soldier o r something, and a hundred Jews would be rounded up and shot. But n e v e r once did I talk to a German who knew anything about gas chambers a s execution devices. And these were people that I am certain trusted m e and talked frankly with me.

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"So I am not a denier in the way I would define a Holocaust denier, but I certainly do not believe the Holocaust in its official version. And it is clear to me that this official version is very important to the Jews, and it is not because of justice. It is because they can exploit the victim status i t grants them because of the guilt it generates in the rest of us: 'Oh, we l e t this happen to these poor people. How can we compensate them? It would be unfair to criticize them for anything they do because they h a v e suffered so much. We have to give the Jews anything they want.' This h a s been drilled into our people and Jews take advantage of it. I c a n understand why they get frantic if anybody dares to say, 'Hey, did t h i s really happen the way you describe?’ They shout, ‘He's a denier. He m u s t be punished! He must apologize!'" "Is there anything that leads you to believe that there was a policy of extermination? There was a conference in 1942, I think it was, a t t e n d e d by Eichmann and others, where it is said it was decided." "I presume that most of what took place on the German side d u r i n g the war except for perhaps the very last days was based on policy. T h e Germans had the best disciplined army, and they were not inclined to d o things unless they had a policy--let's say that in the event of German soldiers being killed by partisans you may or must or should take so m a n y Jews from the ghetto and have them dig a trench outside of town and t h e n shoot them. The British historian David Irving has said that there is n o evidence that there was any policy for the general extermination of t h e Jews. That makes sense to me because, while we don't hear about it, t h e r e were a lot of Jews that lived in Germany throughout the war, a n d everybody knew they were Jews and yet nobody bothered them. If t h e r e were a policy of general extermination, those would be the ones w h o would have been rounded up first, and they weren't at all. “I haven't seen any credible evidence to support the Auschwitz picture Steven Spielberg has painted. The gas chambers we know a b o u t were de-lousing chambers; they were used for sanitation purposes. T h e crematoria of the sort that were at Auschwitz were also found at e v e r y other prison or work camp, and nobody is contending that gassings w e r e going on in all these other places. People died in these places, and corpses were cremated. But certainly the crematoria that existed at Auschwitz could not have processed the incredible number of bodies the Jews claim were handled in this way. They have said that four-and-a-half million were killed in Auschwitz--simple arithmetic shows that it couldn't h a v e happened that way. Confronted with that, the Jews say, 'Oh, well, OK, s o they didn't dispose of all the bodies in the crematoria. They threw t h e bodies into big pits they had dug and set fire to them.' Perhaps, but I haven't seen credible evidence of that. I have seen photographs of Germans shooting Jewish and non-Jewish partisans. Why are there n o

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credible photographs of Jews being gassed? All we have is a collection of stories. "The Germans had two types of camps: concentration camps like t h e ones we had in this country for the Japanese where elements of t h e population they considered hostile or dangerous were concentrated so t h e y could be dealt with without posing a general threat to the rest, and w o r k camps. Auschwitz was primarily a work camp where they p r o d u c e d synthetic rubber. To me, the concept of a death camp doesn't make sense. If extermination were in fact the policy and I were in charge of implementing it, I don't think I would go to all the effort to send them b y rail from one part of Poland all the way to another part and put them in a camp to gas them. I wouldn't bother to build barracks and other facilities. I would do what the communists did, shoot them in small batches n e a r where they were arrested. “My belief is that the Jews not only greatly exaggerated their losses but they embellished the details to make them more dramatic, memorable, and shocking. For example, the Jews have told about German soldiers grabbing Jewish babies by the legs and swinging their heads against brick walls. I don't believe it. The German soldiers simply didn't act that way t o any extent at all--that is just not the kind of people they w e r e - - a n d certainly nothing like this happened as a matter of policy. I can imagine a rare instance where a drunken German soldier, separated from his u n i t and angry about the bombing of German cities, might commit an individual atrocity; but beyond that, it doesn't fit. It is an invention to horrify Gentiles and make them think, 'Oh, those poor Jews and those t e r r i b l e Germans! How can we ever compensate for this awful thing that h a s happened!' "There are these stories about Jews getting off the train at Auschwitz and a German officer walks up and down the line and says you, you, a n d you, go over there, to be gassed, and in some cases knocks them down o n the platform and pours gasoline on them and sets them on fire. And t h e n there are the stories of Germans throwing children off of roofs to t h e cobblestones below for sport, and shooting people like target practice. Doesn't fit. An invention. But the way the Jews have it cooked up, if y o u question any of these stories, say, 'Hey wait a minute, did you really s e e that occur? What was the date? What were the units of the German a r m y involved?' Try to pin it down at all, and the Jews will say 'I can't remember things like that,' or 'We weren't allowed to look at t h e i r shoulder patches,' or whatever. If you start to getting into the facts, t h e Jews get hysterical, weeping and wailing, or accusatory and try to s h a m e you: 'Isn't six million enough? Are you trying to crucify us all over again?' They want to keep it like a religion where you dare not question. It is like what went on during the Crusades. They come back in 1056 or something

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and say, 'This is a piece from the true cross.' Someone comes forward a n d says, ‘I'm not sure I believe it. Let me check it to see how old the wood is.' He'd be stoned to death!" "Didn't some Germans testify after the war that they operated t h e gas chambers?" "There were some notorious confessions after the war, but I t h i n k torture was involved. The commandant of Bergen-Belsen, named Hoess, signed whatever they told him to sign after they worked him over, a n d there were a few others. But if this really happened the way the Jews s a i d it did, there would have been statements of all sorts--including o r d i n a r y German soldiers--and much more documentary evidence, and there isn't. " "You obviously don't accept the number of six million Jewish d e a t h s during the war." "They have shuffled the numbers around a lot. At Auschwitz, t h e first number was four-and-a-half million, and then it was two million, a n d then it was one million and not all of those were Jews. Then they said t h a t the ones they thought were killed at Auschwitz were actually killed a t Treblinka or somewhere else. But six million has become the official sacred number. That is the one you hear from the media. It is rather like the doctrine of the virgin birth--believe it or else. It is very important t o know what the real number is because it is part of our history, children learn about it in school, and it has influenced so many things in t h i s country, including our support for Israel. The Jews use the six million number to get the idea across, 'You can't deal with us like you w o u l d anybody else because we have suffered so much, and you let it happen. So give us what we want, and don't ask any questions!' They don't say it t h a t blatantly, but that is the tacit message. We really do need to check it o u t and get at the facts." "I thought I read somewhere that you estimated that t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of a million Jews died during the war." "I can make estimates, but the estimates are not based on sound, hard evidence. I have discovered that a lot of lies have been told a b o u t this. So then I have to ask myself by how much did they inflate t h e i r losses. Was it by a factor of ten? five? two? It is very difficult at t h i s point to say. "My point is that we ought to look at the others besides the Jews w h o were killed in the war too. We all know about the six million Jews w h o were supposedly killed in the war, but how many of us know how m a n y American soldiers were killed, and German soldiers and civilians? A n d why don't we know those figures? Are the Jewish deaths the only o n e s that matter? At the end of the war, ethnic Germans were expelled f r o m Poland and Czechoslovakia, and millions of them died in the process.

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Millions of German POWs died in the years right after the war. Who k n o w s about any of that? "There are some books on our list you ought to read. One is a book by a Canadian named James Bacque which describes what happened to t h e German POWs after the war. Another one is called Flight in the Winter b y an author by the name of Thorwald. It describes how the communists would rape and torture and kill German refugees. The deaths during t h a t war have to be put in perspective, that’s what I am saying. We h a v e gotten the idea that the only ones who suffered during the war were t h e Jews. That just isn’t the case.”3 4 After talking to Pierce, it came to me that I really had no idea of t h e magnitude of the loss of life in Europe during the World War II period, so I looked into it. For Germany, there were 4.2 million military and civilian deaths during the war, plus another 3.6 million deaths in the i m m e d i a t e post-war period resulting from reprisals against German military personnel, civilians, and ethnic Germans as they were being forced t o vacate areas, primarily in Poland and Czechoslovakia, where they had b e e n living. Thus there were a total of 7.8 million German deaths due to t h e war. Another five million Germans were wounded or p e r m a n e n t l y disabled, bringing total German casualties to 12.8 million. As for the Soviet Union, the estimate is that eighteen million people died in the war. I w a s unable to find the total of Soviet wounded and disabled. The United States suffered approximately one million casualties, including around t h r e e hundred thousand deaths. 3 5 I was able to locate and read the Bacque book about the abuse of German POWs that Pierce mentioned. Actually, Bacque, a Canadian novelist a n d amateur historian, has published two books on this general topic. The first, Other Losses, was published in Toronto back in 1989, and the second, Crimes and Mercies, was published in London in 1997. 36 Bacque’s books recount the mistreatment of two groups of Germans after World War I I : the ethnic Germans who were dispossessed from areas where they h a d been living outside of Germany, and the German POWs in Allied prison camps. Bacque has been unable to find a U.S. publisher for either of h i s books. In 1990, he told an interviewer from the Toronto Star n e w s p a p e r that Other Losses had been turned down by a total of thirty American publishers. 37 Crimes and Mercies, the 1997 book, was published b y Boston-based Little, Brown, but it chose to release the book through i t s London branch and not in this country. In the introduction of Crimes a n d Mercies, Bacque thanks his London editor who, in his words, "took t h e

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courageous decision to publish this book despite the harsh opposition it is bound to arouse." 38 Pierce says if Bacque’s book had been about t h e mistreatment of Jews rather than Germans he wonders how much t r o u b l e Bacque would have had getting his book published in the United States a n d how much harsh opposition he would have expected. In Crimes and Mercies, Bacque tells of the fate of 16.6 million ethnic Germans who were expelled from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary after the war, many of whom, he points out, had lived in these areas f o r many generations. Bacque calls it the largest ethnic cleansing the w o r l d has ever known. 39 He says the ethnic Germans were told to leave t h e i r homes in good order and to take only one large piece of luggage and o n e piece of hand luggage per person with them. 40 After I left West Virginia I spoke to an elderly woman now living in Canada who with her family h a d been among those forced to leave an area of Poland called Silesia. She confirmed what Bacque reports and added that her family was also told t o leave most of their money behind--although, she told me, they did m a n a g e to get money out by hiding it on their persons. Bacque alleges that these Germans were brutalized as they made t h e trek back to what was left of Germany or to concentration camps in Poland and elsewhere. He reports that 2.1 million of the ethnic Germans p e r i s h e d before they reached their destination. 41 Bacque offers up tales of horror:4 2 • Of Czech guards shooting people at random. • Of Russians raping German mothers while their small children were present. • Of nuns being repeatedly raped. • Of German women having their achilles tendons cut and being raped by Czech men as they lay on the ground screaming. • Of dead children being put in coffins, five to seven children t o each coffin, and buried together. The children had died with t h e i r eyes open. The certificates said the cause of death had b e e n starvation. As for the German POWs, Bacque reports that in American a n d French zones more than five million German soldiers were crowded into barbed-wire cages. One Allied POW camp was described as huts made o u t of chicken wire covered with tar paper. Water was supplied by a single tap inside each hut. The water was usually frozen in the winter. T h e prisoners slept on the muddy ground, one hundred eighty prisoners to a hut. In some camps, German prisoners were simply herded into fields a n d lived in the open, in holes they dug out themselves. These camps lacked even primitive sanitary facilities, and the prisoners were vastly underfed. The ground beneath them quickly became a quagmire of filth. They soon began dying of starvation and disease. "Sometimes at the roll calls in t h e

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morning,” Bacque quotes a prisoner as saying, “men fell over dead.” 4 3 About one million of these German prisoners died in captivity, along w i t h another half million in Soviet camps.4 4 Bacque’s book contained pictures of these German POWs. Looking a t them, I was struck by how different they looked from the image of them I had taken away from the Academy Award-nominated Steven Spielberg film, Saving Private Ryan. As I remember, the German soldiers in the film were older, in their thirties it seemed, and rather dark in appearance, a n d they had short burr haircuts. The soldiers in the Bacque pictures, however, were much younger, teenagers and in their early twenties, a n d they had fair complexions, and they had light hair and it was long; I didn’t notice any clippered-top hair styles. They looked like kids to me. I pondered how it might have changed the Spielberg film if the German soldiers had looked like the POWs I was gazing upon in the Bacque book. One of the German prisoners, a man by the name of Charles v o n Luttichau, testified about the conditions of one of the American camps: The latrines were just logs flung over ditches next to t h e barbed were fences. To sleep, all we could do was to dig out a hole with our hands, then cling together in the hole. We w e r e crowded very close together. Because of illness, the men had t o defecate on the ground. Soon, many of us were too weak t o take off our trousers first. So our clothing was infected, and s o was the mud where we had to walk and sit and lie down. There was no water at all at first, except the rain, then after a couple of weeks we could get a little water from a standpipe. But most of us had nothing to carry it in, so we could get only a few mouthfuls after hours of lining up, sometimes e v e n through the night. We had to walk between the holes on t h e soft earth thrown up by digging, so it was easy to fall into a hole but hard to climb out. The rain was almost constant along that part of the Rhine that spring. More than half the days w e had rain. More than half the days we had no food at all. On the rest, we got a little K [food] ration. I could see from t h e package that they [the Americans] were giving us one tenth of the rations they issued to their own men. So in the end we got perhaps five percent of a normal US army ration. I complained to the American camp commander that he was breaking t h e Geneva Convention, but he said, "Forget the Convention. You haven't any rights." Within a few days, some of the men w h o had gone healthy into the camp were dead. I saw our m e n dragging many dead bodies to the gate of the camp, where t h e y

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were thrown loose on top of each other onto trucks, which took them away. 4 5 Among other illustrations Bacque offers of American abuse of German POWs are these:4 6 • On General Eisenhower’s initiative, the American prisoner of w a r camps were kept far below the standards set by the Geneva Convention. Japanese general Masaharu Homme was shot for maintaining camps i n these conditions. • At a place called Andermach, German prisoners were trying t o nourish themselves on grass. An American college professor reports h e saw bodies being taken out of there “by the truckload.” • Prisoner Hanns Scharf testified that a German woman and her t w o children came to an American guard in one of the camps carrying a w i n e bottle. She asked the guard to give the bottle to her husband who was j u s t inside the wire. The guard took the wine, upended the bottle in his o w n mouth, threw it to the ground, and killed the woman's husband with five shots. • William Kreuznock, a Canadian, reported guards at night w o u l d shoot machine guns at random into the camp, apparently for sport. One guard at this camp wrote in his diary: "Wild shooting in the night, absolute fireworks. It must be the supposed peace. Next morning forty dead a s 'victims of the fireworks,' in our cage alone, many wounded." • In one of the American camps, there were eighteen thousand o n e hundred deaths in a ten-week period. That was a rate of f o r t y - t h r e e percent of the prisoners a year. In March of 1946, in a French camp, deaths peaked at twenty-five percent in one month. • Prisoner Johannes Heising in a US camp reported that one night t h e Americans bulldozed living men into the earth. He is uncertain as to h o w many of the crowd of men were killed in the blackness of the night. • In 1996 a mass grave was discovered near an American POW camp. An expert concluded that the bodies were dead prisoners from t h e American camps, ages nineteen to twenty-three. A US Army ration book smuggled out by an ex-prisoner shows that these captives were given six hundred to eight hundred fifty calories per day. The prisoners h a d starved. • In Dobbs Ferry, New York, Martin Beech, a retired Unitarian minister, says, "I still experience flashbacks--starving prisoners eating grass, and thirsty men bursting through barbed wire and dashing a m i d gunfire toward a nearby river.” 4 7

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Bacque concludes: "The struggle has been presented to us as 'their' evil against 'our' good, but as Solzhenitsyn wrote: 'The line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being.’"4 8 I was also able to find the other book Pierce had mentioned, Flight in t h e Winter. 49 It took some doing to get hold of it, since this book, as was also true of the Bacque books, was never published in this country and n o t readily available. As with the Bacque books, I had to go through an i n t e r library loan process to obtain Flight in the Winter, and that took some t i m e and effort. Flight in the Winter was written by Juergen Thorwald and w a s published in London back in 1953. It tells of the events on the e a s t e r n front in Europe during the last days of world War II. I could see w h y Pierce referred me to the book. Some of the depictions of the suffering of civilians were graphic and jarring. For example, included in the book is a n account of the effect of the British and American air raid on the German city of Dresden on February 13th, 1945: The first wave of heavy British bombers a p p r o a c h e d between nine and ten o’clock at night from the direction of Holland. Between 10:09 and 10:35 p.m. they d r o p p e d approximately three thousand high-explosive bombs and f o u r hundred thousand incendiaries on the totally unprepared city. The bombing was well planned. The countless incendiary bombs set large sectors of the city on fire, particularly the old quarters. A fierce reddish-yellow glow shone on the d e p a r t i n g planes....At 1:22 a.m. the next wave of planes arrived over t h e city and dropped approximately five thousand incendiaries. This second wave, guided by the blaze of the burning areas, had only to drop its load into the dark spots to complete t h e destruction. Their bombs fell into the crowds that had escaped from the already flaming parts of the town. Collapsing buildings, particularly along the east-west axis that once r a n though the entire city, barred the streets and cut off t h e i r escape. Tens of thousands burned to death or suffocated. A fire-storm arose with a suction so powerful that it d r a g g e d grown people irresistibly into the flames. A third raid a b o u t noon rounded out the results of the preceding attacks. It released two thousand high explosives and fifty t h o u s a n d incendiaries on a city that was already in ruins.... Most of the corpses in the city were naked. The f i r e storm had ripped their clothes off. They were red, puffed u p by the heat. The railway station was a scene of havoc. In i t s

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basement, two thousand dead could still be counted. They h a d suffocated, and now floated in the water that had burst f r o m broken mains and flooded the station. In the cemeteries around the town, excavating machinery was put to work to dig graves into which eighteen thousand dead were laid. Six thousand others, some of them parts only, were cremated on a grate that had been constructed in a roped-off section of t h e centre of the town. Soon the count was kept only by t h e number of heads found. Sixty-five per cent of those who w e r e found could not be identified. By April 1 another t w e n t y - n i n e thousand victims had been removed. But ten to fifteen thousand more were estimated to be still buried under t h e rubble. 5 0 Thorwald also tells of what happened to German soldiers a n d civilians in the streets of Prague one day at the end of the war at t h e hands of a crowd. He calls it “a day as evil as any known in history.” T h e Germans had been herded into a courtyard. The crowd drenched them with petrol, strung them up with their f e e t uppermost, set them on fire, and watched their agony, prolonged by the fact that in their position the rising heat a n d smoke did not suffocate them. They tied German men a n d women together with barbed wire, shot into the bundles, a n d rolled them down into the Moldau river. They d r o w n e d German children in the water troughs in the streets, and t h r e w women and children from windows. They beat every German until he lay still on the ground, forced naked women to r e m o v e the barricades, cut the tendons in their heels, and laughed a t their writhing. Others they kicked to death. 5 1 That evening, Thorwald writes, a pastor and some elderly p e a s a n t s stood on the banks of the river downstream from where these events took place. The river brought bundles tied with barbed wire and corpses t h a t had lost their tongues, their eyes, and their breasts. It also brought a wooden bed, floating like a raft, to which a family, parents and children, had been nailed with long spikes. Those on the shore were able to b r i n g the bed to them and began pulling the spikes out of the children’s hands.5 2

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2 2 ____________ PIERCE AND JEWS Why is Pierce so antagonistic toward Jews? Why does he have such a preoccupation with them? This chapter attempts to shed light on t h o s e questions. Surely, to the vast majority of readers the perspective expressed in the material that follows will seem way, way off-base. But a s wrong-headed as this perspective might appear certain to be, and a s uncomfortable as it may be to encounter it, understanding and responding to William Pierce and others like him involves coming to grips with t h i s view of Jewish people and the fact that there are those who adhere to it. Pierce notes that there are around fourteen million Jews in the w o r l d today. 1 Most of them live in Israel and the United States, he r e p o r t s - about five million in Israel and between five and six million in t h i s country. Jews comprise approximately two-and-a-half percent of t h e American population. In Pierce’s eyes, Jews are a race apart; they are not white people. A s a National Socialist, Pierce's concept of race includes biological inheritance, blood, but goes beyond that to incorporate the history, culture, spirit o r soul, and destiny of a people. At various times, rather than speak of Jews as a race, Pierce refers to them as a tribe, an ethnic group, or a people. Whatever Pierce calls them, however, the idea behind it is that Jews a r e not white. Jews are "them," and whites--and here Pierce is referring especially to whites of northern European background--are "us." Pierce believes that it is important to keep in mind that historically Jews have lived as a small minority among other peoples. According t o Pierce, until the creation of Israel a half-century ago, there was only o n e period when the Jews had a national existence in the usual sense of t h e term. That was from the time of King David to the Babylonian conquest, a little over four hundred years. After the Babylonians dispersed the Jews throughout the Middle East in the middle of the sixth-century B.C., Pierce points out, the Jews lived as a minority everywhere and a majority nowhere. But wherever they lived, they maintained their sense of separate identity: “The Jews in Rome did not think of themselves a s Romans who happened to believe in Judaism," Pierce contends, "but a s Jews who happened to live in Rome--and the same for every other c o u n t r y where they lived.” 2

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As Pierce describes it, the Jews adapted “amazingly well” to t h e i r peculiar status in the world. They were able to--note his choice of w o r d s - "infiltrate areas and accumulate substantial portions of wealth." They d i d this by collaborating with one another and “preying on the host.” It should be noted that parasites have hosts. Pierce's use of terms like preying a n d host gives an indication of how he perceives Jews. Pierce quotes the f i r s t century B.C. Greek writer Strabo as remarking that the Jews “have penetrated every country, so that it is difficult to find anyplace in t h e world where their tribe is not dominant.” 3 The history of the Jews, notes Pierce, is a “chronicle of o n e persecution after another, right down to modern times.” 4 Jews have b e e n universally despised by the people upon whom they preyed, he says, a n d they have been expelled from one county in Europe after another--it didn’t start with the Germans. Jews are familiar with the tales of t h e i r persecution from the time of the pharaohs on through to Hitler, Pierce says, and this has helped cement in their sense of identity and t h e i r loyalty to one another. It brings people together if they share the i d e a that things have been rough for them, that other people have been out t o get them, and that they are all in it together and need to stick by o n e another if they are going to survive, and Jews see things that way, Pierce believes. Pierce argues that while the Jews have defined their treatment b y their hosts as religious bigotry, their so-called mistreatment really h a s been a case of others' self-defense against persistent deception a n d exploitation. The many European countries that have kicked Jews out of their lands since the Middle Ages, Pierce contends, have had the s a m e aversive reaction to them that the Egyptians, Greeks, and everyone else i n pre-Christian times had. This enmity that other peoples t h r o u g h o u t history have felt toward the Jews has served to heighten the Jews’ animosity toward them and contributed to Jews’ feeling that they a r e justified in avenging themselves against non-Jews whenever they have t h e opportunity--that is what Pierce asserts. Pierce recommends the book, A History of the Jews by Abram Sachar, to those who wish to study t h e details of Jewish history. Pierce says that Sachar, the former president of Brandeis University, looks at things from “a very Jewish point of view,” b u t that nevertheless the book is very revealing. 5 Pierce says the Jews’ mode of existence changed to a certain e x t e n t after the Second World War with the “theft of Palestine and t h e establishment of the new state of Israel on Palestinian territory.” I s r a e l still exists, Pierce claims, only because two-thirds of the Jews live elsewhere and look out for its interests.

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Without a constant supply of money extorted from Germany, the United States, and other countries, Israel could not continue to exist. Israel would have gone under half-a-dozen times i n its warfare with its neighbors during the past fifty years if t h e United States had not provided massive military a n d diplomatic support. If all the Jews in America and Europe sold their television networks and newspapers and film studios a n d moved to Israel, Israel would soon cease to exist.6 For a scholarly treatment of Jews, Pierce recommends the books of California State University professor Kevin MacDonald. The MacDonald books are entitled A People That Shall Dwell Alone, Separation and I t s Discontents, and The Culture of Critique. 7 "Pretty heavy reading," Pierce says of the MacDonald books, "but very convincing, very thorough."

Pierce sees the fourteen million Jews in the world as comprising a cohesive, committed, and loyal racial interest group. Pierce contends t h a t Jews identify with one another and look out for their common i n t e r e s t s more than any other group. They think and act as one big family: Like most families, they do a lot of arguing and squabbling among themselves. They go to different synagogues--Orthodox and Conservative and Reform--or to no synagogue at all. T h e r e are atheist Jews, and there are Jews who have converted t o Christianity. There are capitalist Jews and communist Jews, homosexual Jews and heterosexual Jews. There are rich Jews and middle-class Jews, and even a few poor Jews. But d e s p i t e this apparent diversity they do a better job of cooperating w i t h each other and looking out for their common interests than a n y other ethnic group in the world. 8 This tendency of Jews to stick together, to favor Jews over non-Jews and to work for the interests of their tribe, Pierce insists, is a prime r e a s o n for their extraordinary wealth and power through the ages. Pierce says h e wishes whites in our time had the same degree of racial consciousness t h a t Jews possess, but they don't. "This is largely the reason why we are in t h e mess we're in today," he declares. Pierce acknowledges that there a r e "clubby little groups" of whites who cooperate with one another to a d v a n c e their interests. Pierce lists as examples the Council on Foreign Relations and organizations made up of rich and powerful men, corporate heads a n d bankers and others of that sort. Indeed these groups are powerful, Pierce

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says, but they don't have a racial or tribal underpinning and focus the w a y the Jewish group does. These white groups are primarily motivated b y their own personal economic or political interests. Virtually all of them a r e "heavily larded" with Jews, Pierce says, so even if they don't have a n y blacks or Asians among their membership, they aren't white racial groups as such. Why are the Jews so unified according to Pierce? One reason, h e says, is their religious heritage. Judaism, Pierce claims, is an ethnocentric religion--a racist religion, really. Whereas Christianity and Islam a r e universalistic religions, open to anyone who chooses to believe in t h e m , Judaism is not. Judaism is a religion only for the Chosen People, only for t h e circumcised sons of Abraham. Jews are defined in terms of their bloodlines, not in terms of their faith, which is why n o n religious Jews like Freud or Trotsky or even Marx, the father of atheistic communism, are considered Jews as much as the m o s t pious synagogue-goer, with sidelocks and yarmulke. The n o n religious Jews don't believe in the hocus pocus in the Torah, b u t they nevertheless are steeped in the folklore and traditions of Judaism. They are as familiar as their religious cousins a r e with the claims that Jews are a Chosen People, destined to o w n all of the world's wealth and be waited on hand and foot b y non-Jews. 9 Jews view themselves as a distinct people and superior to the people among whom they live and deserving of whatever advantages they c a n reap at the expense of non-Jews--so Pierce alleges. Pierce recommends that those who wish to explore the religious basis for Jewish ethnocentrism read the Old Testament, especially the five books of Moses and the book of Isaiah. The five books of Moses are the first five books in the Old Testament--Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, a n d Deuteronomy. Pierce says that chapters sixty and sixty-one in the book of Isaiah contains examples of what he holds to be a fundamental theme i n Judaism, that the Jews have been chosen by their tribal god, Yahweh ( o r Jehovah, however people choose to pronounce it), to own and rule t h e earth. He notes that in these chapters the Jewish prophet Isaiah “raves” that eventually the Jews shall "suck the milk of the Gentiles" and "eat t h e riches of the Gentiles," and that the Gentiles will "stand and feed y o u r flocks" and "be your plowmen and your vinedressers." 11 (In the King James version of the Bible I consulted, it was “strangers” and “the sons of the alien” rather than Gentiles in the last two examples Pierce cites.)

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"If you really want to rub your nose in the subject," Pierce says, "do some browsing in the Talmud." The Talmud is a compilation of t h e teachings of Jewish rabbis who lived in the first five centuries of t h e Christian era. The rabbis erected a distinctively Jewish design for living which has served to maintain the cohesiveness and uniqueness of the Jews as a “people apart” for the succeeding centuries. 12 Pierce told me that h e read the Lazarus Goldschmidt edition of the Talmud in German at the Yale University library back in 1965 and found it enlightening. "There is s o m e really breathtaking [anti-Gentile] stuff in the Talmud," he says. 13

In Pierce’s eyes, Jews are whites’ chief adversaries in their quest to live their way as a people and to realize their destiny as a race. In Pierce’s view of it, Jews’ ways and whites’ ways contradict one another. W h e n whites and Jews share the same geographical space, Pierce holds, Jews pull whites down and deflect them from who they are and where they ought t o be going as a race. As Pierce sees it, Jews are waging an undeclared war of a sort on whites, a war that involves cultural and political attacks r a t h e r than military strikes, and he is plainly convinced that if whites don't w a k e up to the fact that they are being besieged and begin to take up the battle, in a few generations they are very likely to be greatly diminished as a people. Pierce thinks that the stakes couldn't be higher in this w a r . Whites’ upward course as a race—and perhaps ultimately, its v e r y survival--is on the line. Pierce contends that despite their small number, Jews wield m o r e power in this country than any other group regardless of its size. Jews' power far beyond what their numbers would predict comes in part, s a y s Pierce, from their abundant economic resources and their strong political clout, the latter primarily wielded behind the scenes. But what really gives Jews power, argues Pierce, is their control of the news a n d entertainment media in this country. In particular it is the ability t o manage the flow of images and ideas through the popular media that gives Jews the capability to have things their way. That is Pierce's thesis. Jews in the American media--it is a theme that Pierce returns to time and again. Maintaining their status as the dominant minority in America at t h e present time by controlling the news and entertainment media is different from the way Jews used to look out for their interests, says Pierce. I n prior times, according to Pierce, Jews used their wealth to buy influence and privileges by giving or lending money to kings, popes, and emperors. What is very important to take into account, Pierce observes, is that b a c k then except for this economic and political connection with those at the top, Jews by and large maintained a separate existence from non-Jews. Jews

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usually lived among their own and did not engage in the same occupations as the peoples among whom they lived. Prior to the last couple of centuries, Jews had almost no cultural influence on our people, says Pierce: "They didn't write books or plays, they didn't paint or compose music, t h e y didn't run for public office, and, of course, they didn't have television studios or newspapers or advertising agencies. To a large extent they lived their lives and we lived ours."1 4 The great advantage of this arrangement, Pierce says, was that t h e - again, note the language--damage done by the Jews was mostly economic, along with some political mischief when it suited their purposes. But Jews didn't damage the spirit of our people, Pierce offers. This all changed, h e says, with the advent of the mass media and mass democracy. The Jews quickly understood the potential the media gave them for extending t h e i r influence from the rulers to the population as a whole. The Jews also quickly caught on to how democracy provided them with the vehicle t o translate the power to control the thoughts and attitudes of the public into political power. It used to be moneylending and bribes, and the pressure w a s exerted only at the top, on the political leaders of the society. Today, it is control of the mass media of news a n d entertainment, and the pressure is exerted at every level of society. Some people still talk darkly about international Jewish bankers. Of course there are such animals today, just a s there are also international bankers who are not Jews. But t h e control of the media is the key to Jewish power, not control of banking. The most important Jews today no longer are t h e Rothschilds, Warburgs, Hambros, and Sassoons [bankers], b u t instead the Eisners, Levins, Newhouses, Redstones, Bronfmans, and Sulzburgers: the Jewish media bosses. 1 5

Whether or not the Jews control the mass media is of great concern t o Pierce because he is certain that whoever controls the flow of images a n d ideas in a society wields enormous power. Media power is not power t h a t is distant and impersonal, Pierce points out. The media reach into e v e r y home at every waking hour. They shape every individual, young and old, rich and poor, simple and sophisticated. Pierce goes so far as to say t h a t the power the individuals wield who command the media is unprecedented. No king or pope of old, claims Pierce, no conquering hero, ever had such power.

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Pierce reminds us that everything we know about circumstances a n d events outside our neighborhood and workplace and circle of acquaintances--or think we know, anyway--comes from the media. Most people have a very limited range of real life experiences. Television and films and glossy magazines provide a n enormous expansion of experience for the average person b y substituting artificial experiences for real experiences. On t h e television screen viewers experience artificial social relationships, artificial romances, artificial conflicts, artificial life. In advertisements they are given artificial ideals of beauty and fashion, artificial life-styles....And in t h e i r newspapers and newsmagazines they are given a...view of w h a t is happening in the world.1 6 Exposure to the media results in many people having difficulty distinguishing the artificial world of the media from reality. "Unfortunately, most people do not have sufficient powers of discrimination to distinguish the artificial world of the media from the r e a l world of everyday experience," Pierce observes. "The two worlds merge i n their minds, and they can’t tell them apart." 17 Pierce showed me a cartoon which he said illustrates this point. A man is bent over fixing a tire on h i s car which is parked along side of a road in a drenching rain. A little child has his head poked out the window. The father is looking back at him a n d saying, “No, we can’t change channels. Don’t you understand? This is real; this is what is happening.” Most people, Pierce points out, don’t quite realize that they h a v e never actually seen or interacted with the president or their favorite movie star or television personality. They have been s h o w n these people, and told about them. Not too long ago, many people experienced p r o f o u n d loss at the deaths of Princess Diana and John F. Kennedy, Jr., whom t h e y had only known on the basis of what the media had shown them. How many of the mourners were fully conscious of that fact? People r e s p o n d e d to their deaths in the same way they would have to the deaths of individuals they had actually been with in a flesh-and-blood way. W e sometimes fail to realize that we haven’t been in the Oval Office meeting. We haven’t been in the Middle East. We weren’t at Normandy. We didn’t know Roosevelt. We didn’t know Hitler. We never saw Castro or Mao o r Martin Luther King. We have never spoken to Saddam Hussein. They a r e all words on a page and images and sounds on a television or movie screen. As Pierce sees it, whoever shows us the world beyond our front d o o r - whoever mediates the reality beyond our reach--is incredibly powerful.

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Several times in our discussions, Pierce decried the fact that so m a n y people have very little basic real-world experience. A lot of people t h e s e days, he said on one occasion, have never seen the birth or the death of a n animal. He pointed out how in earlier times our dead relatives would d i e in our house and we would see their cold, dead bodies in the bedroom. So many fundamental things are experienced vicariously when they once were experienced directly. We are left with an unrealistic view of life, says Pierce. A lot of people, he says--and here he is talking about citydwellers--almost never touch the earth. They live in a concrete world, a manufactured world. They exist in an invented world. They relate to a virtual reality. Pierce holds that the distinction between what is n a t u r a l and what is contrived is likely to mean little or nothing to people who live in this way. The media, says Pierce, create a picture of the world and tell people what to think and feel and do about that picture. Advertisements, f o r example, don’t just show potential customers what is available and p r o v i d e them with the information they need to choose what they want. Cleverly designed advertising creates wants that didn’t exist before. It manipulates people’s desires and motivations. In a similar way, entertainment a n d news programs and print media manipulate viewers’ ideas, values, a n d behavior. Pierce underscores that here he isn’t just talking about h e a v y handed suppression of news stories or what he calls the b l a t a n t propagandizing of history-distorting television docudramas. It is m o r e subtle than that, he says. There is the decision of which stories to cover and which to play down or ignore. There is the reporters’ choice of words, their tone of voice, and their facial expressions. There is the wording of headlines. These kinds of things guide our thoughts and opinions too, s a y s Pierce. The media inform us about how to think and how to conduct ourselves in order to be in tune with the in-crowd, the beautiful people, the smart money, notes Pierce. Pierce believes that people have a strong impulse to conform to a currently accepted or fashionable way to t h i n k and be. This desire to be in tune with those “in-the-know” gives people i n the media the power to shape opinion. Thus when a television p r o d u c e r expresses approval of certain ideas and behaviors and disapproves of others through the characters and situations he presents, he exerts strong pressure on viewers to align themselves with these ideas and behaviors. For example, a racially-mixed couple will be respected, liked, and socially sought after by other characters, as will a “take charge” Black scholar or businessman, or a sensitive a n d talented homosexual, or a poor but honest and h a r d w o r k i n g illegal alien from Mexico. On the other hand, a White racist--

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that is, any racially-conscious White person who looks askance at miscegenation or at the rapidly darkening racial composition of America--is portrayed, at best, as a despicable bigot who is reviled by the other characters, or at worst, as a dangerous psychopath who is fascinated by firearms and is a menace t o all law-abiding citizens. The racist “gun nut,” in fact, h a s become a familiar stereotype.... 1 8 Pierce says that news that reaches mass audiences ground rules and boundaries of acceptable opinion.

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Consider the media coverage of the Middle East news. Some editors and commentators are slavishly pro-Israel i n their every utterance, while others seem nearly neutral. No one, however, dares to suggest that the U.S. government is backing the wrong side in the Arab-Jewish conflict and that i t served Jewish interests rather than American interests to s e n d U.S. forces to cripple Iraq, Israel’s principal rival in the Middle East. Thus a spectrum of permissible opinion from p r o - I s r a e l to nearly neutral, is established. Another example is the media treatment of racial issues in the United States. Some commentators seem almost dispassionate in reporting racial strife, while others a r e emotionally partisan--with the partisanship always on the n o n White side. All of the media spokesmen without exception, take the position that “multiculturalism” and racial mixing a r e here to stay, and that they are good things.1 9 According to Pierce, once the spectrum of permissible public opinion is established, every point of view, concept, or proposal within t h i s spectrum is allowed expression, and anything outside this frame is e i t h e r allowed no expression or is twisted and distorted to reinforce the notion that the ideas and people outside the established boundaries a r e unacceptably misguided, irrational, evil, or kooky, and aren’t deserving of tolerance. That is how it works, says Pierce, and the fact that it works t h a t way has an enormous impact on our lives. What does Pierce offer to support his contentions that Jews play a dominant part in the news and entertainment media? A good source f o r answering that question is an article Pierce periodically updates entitled “Who Rules America?” in which he documents what he alleges to be t h e “striking prominence” of Jews in the media. The article’s authors are listed

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as the “research staff of National Vanguard Books.” The research staff taking on the job of updating the article when I was in West Virginia turned out to be one person, Bob DeMarais, armed with his computer and a few reference books. In putting together the material in the next f e w pages, I will draw upon the version of “Who Rules America” published o n Pierce’s Web site in June of 2000. 20 I will refer to Pierce as the a u t h o r because while he farms out the research, he puts together the material a n d writes the copy. In “Who Rules America” Pierce notes that government deregulation has resulted in a series of corporate mergers and acquisitions which h a v e produced a handful of multi-billion dollar media giants. “Whenever y o u watch television," he writes, "whether from a local broadcasting station o r via cable or satellite dish; whenever you see a feature film in a theater o r at home; whenever you listen to the radio or recorded music; w h e n e v e r you read a newspaper, book, or magazine--it is very likely that t h e information or entertainment you receive was produced and/or 21 He then lists a distributed by one of these megamedia companies." number of companies and the people who head them up. What follows is the information Pierce provides in Who Rules America? Unless otherwise indicated, the names listed below are individuals Pierce identifies as being Jewish. The largest media conglomerate in the world, writes Pierce, is AOL Time Warner. The company is the result of a merger announced i n January of 2000 between America Online, this country’s largest I n t e r n e t service provider, and media content provider Time Warner. AOL chief Steve Case became the chairman of the new company, and Bob Pittman, the former president of AOL, became its co-chief operating officer. (Both Case and Pittman are Gentiles.) Gerald Levin, the former head of Time Warner, became AOL Time Warner’s chief executive officer. Pierce characterizes Case and Pittman as capitalists and technology types focused on profits and process, and predicts that they will defer to Levin and t h o s e he brings on board to deal with the substance of what is transmitted t o audiences. Pierce asserts that AOL will be used by Time Warner as a platform for what he calls “Jewish content.” Prior to its merger with AOL, Time Warner, with thirteen billion dollars in 1997 revenues, was the second largest media conglomerate i n the world behind the Walt Disney Company. Time Warner produces films through Warner Brothers Studio, Castle Rock Entertainment, and New Line Cinema. Time Warner's television subsidiary, HBO, is the country’s largest pay-TV cable network. In 1996, Time Warner acquired T u r n e r Broadcasting (CNN, TNT, and TBS). Warner Music, with fifty labels, is America’s second largest producer of recorded music. Warner Music, n o t e s

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Pierce, was an early promoter of “gangsta’ rap,” a genre whose graphic lyrics explicitly encourage blacks to commit acts of violence against whites. Time Warner’s publishing division, whose editor-in-chief is Norman Pearlstine, is the largest magazine publisher in the country. Its publications include Time, Sports Illustrated, People, and Fortune. Pierce asserts that in 1995 Time Warner, which had twenty p e r c e n t ownership of the CBS television network at the time, was active i n blocking Gentile Ted Turner’s effort to buy CBS. CBS’s chairman and CEO a t that time was Lawrence Tisch, who prior to taking over CBS in 1985 h a d made billions in theater, hotels, insurance, and cigarettes but had n e v e r been in the telecommunications industry. Pierce contends that Tisch w a s brought on board at CBS back in 1985 to block Turner’s first attempt t o buy that network. The Jews, Pierce says, wanted to be certain that t h e “Tiffany Network” (premier network) stayed in their hands. The Walt Disney Company, with 1997 revenues of t w e n t y - t h r e e billion dollars, is the second largest media conglomerate according to Pierce in Who Rules America? Disney’s chairman and CEO is Michael Eisner. Disney includes three television production companies, Walt Disney Television, Touchstone Television, and Buena Vista Television. Its f e a t u r e films division, the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group, is headed by Joseph Roth and includes Touchstone, Hollywood, and Caravan pictures. (Roth h a s since launched an independent entertainment venture, Revolution Studio.) Disney also owns Miramax Films run by Bob and Harvey Weinstein. Pierce asserts that prior to the Eisner-led takeover of the Disney Company i n 1984, Disney epitomized “wholesome family entertainment” such as S n o w White. Now, however, the company has expanded into “adult” movies like The Crying Game, Priest, and Kids. In 1995, Disney through its purchase of Capital Cities/ABC acquired ABC television, which has two hundred twenty five affiliated stations i n the United States. ABC owns ten local stations in large markets including New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Houston. ABC’s cable subsidiary, ESPN, is headed by Steven Bornstein. Disney also has the controlling share of the Arts and Entertainment Network (A&E) and Lifetime Television. Disney’s cable networks, which include the Disney Channel, have more than one hundred million subscribers. The ABC Radio Network has over three thousand four hundred affiliates. Disney’s publishing enterprises include W magazine, Hyperion book publishing company, and seven daily newspapers. Number three on Pierce’s megamedia company list, with 1 9 9 7 revenues almost the equal of Time Warner’s, is Viacom Incorporated. Viacom is headed by Sumner Redstone (who, Pierce points out, was b o r n Murray Rothstein). Viacom produces feature films though P a r a m o u n t Pictures, whose boss is Sherry Lansing. It also produces television

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programs, and owns thirteen television stations and twelve radio stations. Viacom is the world’s largest provider of cable through its Showtime, MTV, and Nickelodeon channels. Nickelodeon, with around sixty-five million subscribers, has the largest share of the four-to-eleven-year-old audience and is gradually, Pierce says, nudging its fare toward the “blatant degeneracy” that is MTV’s trademark. MTV, writes Pierce, “pumps i t s racially-mixed rock and rap videos into...seventy-one countries and is t h e dominant cultural influence on White teenagers around the world.” Viacom distributes videos through its four thousand Blockbuster stores. Its publishing division includes Simon & Schuster, Scribner, The Free Press, and Pocket Books. Viacom is also involved with satillite broadcasting, theme parks, and video games. In 1999, Viacom acquired CBS television. The fourth major player among the media giants that Pierce lists, with annual revenues around twelve billion dollars, is Seagram Company Limited. Seagram’s president is Edgar Bronfman, Jr. Bronfman, Jr.’s father --Edgar Bronfman, Sr.--is president of the World Jewish Congress. Seagram’s Universal Studios produces films and television programs. I n May of 1998, Seagram acquired control of PolyGram records and b e c a m e America’s largest producer of recorded music. Pierce notes in “Who Rules America?” that in 1997 films produced b y the four largest motion picture companies--Disney, Warner Brothers, Paramount (Viacom), and Universal (Seagram)--accounted for t w o - t h i r d s of total box-office receipts. News Corporation, owned by Australian Rupert Murdoch, is the fifth media conglomerate Pierce cites, with 1997 revenues of eleven billion dollars. Pierce identifies Murdoch as an Australian Gentile. However, writes Pierce, Peter Chernin is the president and CEO of the Fox Group, which includes all of News Corporation’s film, television, and publishing operations in the U.S. Within the Fox Group is the Fox Television Network, 20th Century Fox Films, and Fox 2000. Working under Chernin is t h e president of 20th Century Fox, Laura Ziskin. Pierce quotes Chernin a s saying, “I get to control movies seen all over the world.” Peter Roth w o r k s under Chernin as president of Fox Entertainment. Chernin also supervises New Corporation’s newspaper, the New York Post, and its magazine, T V Guide. Then there is DreamWorks SKG formed in 1994. DreamWorks is a partnership of Steven Spielberg, former Disney Pictures chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, and music industry mogul David Geffen. DreamWorks produces movies, animated films, television programs, and recorded music. Its film, American Beauty, a depiction of the lives of a suburban family and their neighbors, won the Academy Award for best film of 1999. Pierce contends that most of the television and movie production companies not owned by the largest corporations are under Jewish control.

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He cites as an example New World Entertainment owned by Ronald Perelman, quoting a media analyst as proclaiming Perelman to be “the premier independent TV program producer in the United States.” In his "Who Rules America" article, Pierce points out that the Jewish presence in television news is strong. The executive producers of ABC’s World News Tonight with Peter Jennings and The NBC Nightly News w i t h Tom Brokaw are Paul Friedman and Neil Shapiro respectively. Until recently, the executive producer of the CBS Evening News with Dan Rather was Al Ortiz. (Ortiz was replaced by Jim Murphy.) The executive p r o d u c e r of the CBS Morning News is Al Berman. (Pierce doesn’t mention t h e morning programs on NBC and ABC.) Rick Kaplan heads the news division at CNN. (Kaplan has since lost this position.) As for newspapers, the three most prestigious and influential in t h e country--the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post--are Jewish-owned. The New York Times Company--owned by t h e Sulzberger family--owns thirty-three other newspapers, including t h e Boston Globe. Jointly with the Washington Post, the New York T i m e s publishes the International Herald Tribune, the most widely d i s t r i b u t e d English language daily newspaper in the world. Besides publishing t h e Wall Street Journal, the nation’s largest-circulation newspaper, Dow Jones & Company, whose chairman and CEO is Peter R. Kann, publishes t h e weekly financial tabloid Barron’s. The Newhouse media empire, f o u n d e d by Samuel Newhouse and now run by his sons, owns twenty-six daily newspapers and the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade. Its magazines include the New Yorker, Vogue, Vanity Fair, and GQ. The newspaper T h e Village Voice is owned by Leonard Stern. On to the weekly news magazines. Time, with 4.1 million circulation, is published by a subsidiary of AOL Time Warner, whose CEO is Gerald Levin. N e w s w e e k , with a 3.2 million circulation, is published by t h e Washington Post Company headed by Katherine Meyer Graham t h r o u g h her son Donald. U.S. News and World Report, with a weekly circulation of 2.3 million, is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman. Zuckerman also owns t h e Atlantic Monthly magazine and the sixth largest newspaper in t h e country, the New York Daily News. Pierce told me that he finds it remarkable that nobody talks a b o u t any of this. If these people were all Mormons, Southern Baptists, or—ponder this--Arabs, he said, you can bet your life on people m a k i n g something out of it. But since it is Jews, nobody brings it up. “Take t h e Baptists, for instance,” he said in one of his broadcasts. “They launched a boycott of the Disney Corporation because of the raunchy movies i t s Miramax films division has been turning out, but they refuse to identify either Disney boss Michael Eisner or the Miramax bosses Bob and H a r v e y Weinstein as Jewish. It’s gotten to the point where you can’t even call a

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Jew a Jew. They can call themselves Jews, but you can’t even use t h e name.” 2 2 “Things happen so fast with all the mergers and personnel changes and so forth,” Pierce told me, “we can’t keep up with all of it, plus I d o n ' t have a high-powered team of professionals tracking all this stuff down. So I know we are out-of-date in places and we have it wrong in other places. But while we may be off on the details, we are on the mark about t h e overall picture, and that is that the Jews--a very small minority remember, about two-and-a-half percent of the population in this country --dominate the news and entertainment media. They control what comes into our minds. And that matters--it really does. If a n y minority controls the flow of information in this country it ought to be an issue, a n d especially it ought to be an issue when it is the Jews who are the ones i n charge. We need to start paying attention to what is going on here, and w e aren’t. That is a problem.” The question becomes, what exactly, according to Pierce, do the Jews d o with the power he says they have over the media? Pierce says that some people say that the Jews are simply businessmen like any other, and that they are merely seeking to make a profit. He says that that is true as far as it goes but that while, of course, he is not privy to the Jews' private conversations and dealings, judging b y their actions other motives reveal themselves. Pierce says he isn’t claiming that there is a vast, tightly organized, joint undertaking that t h e Jews have going; more, he surmises, it falls into the category of highly committed and like-minded people individually going in similar directions and collaborating when the opportunity arises and supporting one a n o t h e r when they get a chance. I think it best to let Pierce speak for himself on this matter. Below is a series of excerpts from his writings: Media propaganda takes a deliberate slant: to make us [whites] feel guilty, to kill our sense of racial consciousness while t h e Jews keep theirs, to persuade us to give up our arms, and t o silence all our dissident voices. Their aim is for us to b e racially unconscious, to be ashamed of our nature and o u r traditions, to be afraid to organize for our common good, a f r a i d of being thought of as racists. The deliberate aim of the Jewish media propaganda is to disarm us morally, to make us rootless and defenseless, and then to destroy us. 2 3

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The control of the opinion-molding media is nearly monolithic. All of the controlled media--television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, motion pictures--speak with a single voice, each reinforcing the other. Despite the appearance of variety, there is no real dissent, no alternative source of facts or ideas accessible to the great mass of people which might allow t h e m to form opinions at odds with those of the media masters. They are presented with a single view of the world--a world i n which every voice proclaims the equality of the races, t h e inerrant nature of the Jewish "Holocaust" tale, the wickedness of attempting to halt a flood of non-White aliens from pouring across our borders, the danger of permitting citizens to k e e p and bear arms, the moral equivalence of all sexual orientations, and the desirability of a "pluralistic," cosmopolitan society rather than a homogeneous one. It is a view of the w o r l d designed by the media masters to suit their own ends--and t h e pressure to conform to that view is overwhelming. People adapt their opinions to it, vote in accord with it, and s h a p e their lives to fit it.2 4 The Jews' policy is to disarm the White population morally a s well as physically by deliberately creating the false impression that Whites are oppressors and victimizers, and non-Whites a r e our innocent victims. They want us to feel guilty. They w a n t us to feel that it would be immoral for us to resist any of t h e i r schemes for more non-White immigration, for so-called diversity and multiculturalism, for more racial mixing a n d racial intermarriage. 2 5 Jewish media control determines the foreign policy of t h e United States and permits Jewish interests rather t h a n American interests to decide questions of war and peace. Without Jewish media control, there would have been n o Persian Gulf war, for example, and no continued beating of t h e drums for another war against Iraq. 2 6 Well over half of all money the Democratic Party raises for i t s candidates comes from the tiny Jewish minority in America, a minority that has accumulated a vastly disproportionate s h a r e of America's wealth. A substantial part of the donations f r o m Jews comes from a relatively few rich Jews associated with t h e entertainment industry in Los Angeles and New York. And of

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course, there are strings attached to all of this money. It b u y s appointments to government office. That's one of the r e a s o n s that two-thirds of the advisors, speech writers, legislative assistants, lawyers, press secretaries, and so forth around Bill Clinton are Jews. [In our discussions, Pierce pointed out that t h e entire Clinton administration national defense t e a m - - S e c r e t a r y of State, Secretary of Defense, and National Security Advisor-was Jewish, and that both of Clinton's Supreme Court appointees were Jews.]...The Jews who control the news m e d i a may criticize him [Clinton] for taking campaign contributions from Chinese gangsters and Indonesian bankers, but they will never criticize him for taking money from the Jewish promoters of gangsta' rap. Never, never, never. 2 7 Not all the music is gangsta' rap, of course, and not all the films are the sort of obvious filth the Weinstein brothers produce f o r Michael Eisner's Disney Company--but it is all poison. T h e whole movement in popular music--which has replaced White music with Black music among young Whites--has b e e n orchestrated by Jews. The use of film to condition White Americans to accept racial mixing and interracial sex a n d homosexuality has been almost entirely a Jewish operation, j u s t as the use of films earlier to incite hatred against Germany a n d to portray Jews as the world's most deserving victims was a Jewish operation. 2 8 The Jew-controlled entertainment media have taken the lead i n persuading a whole generation that homosexuality is a n o r m a l and acceptable way of life; that there is nothing wrong w i t h White women dating or marrying Black men, or with White men marrying Asian women; that all races are inherently e q u a l in ability and character--except that the character of the White race is suspect because of a history of oppressing other races; and that any effort by Whites at racial self-preservation is reprehensible. 2 9 The great fad these days, the great media-promoted craze, is “diversity,” and Jews are to be found in every nook and c r a n n y of the “diversity” movement. Jews produce the “diversity” propaganda, they agitate for new “diversity” legislation, a n d they are always trying to cram diversity down our throats. 3 0

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The idea, of course, is to exterminate us, to wage genocide against us, to leave us no opportunity to be among our o w n kind, no opportunity to feel a sense of kinship and belonging among our own people, no opportunity to organize and d e f e n d ourselves. They want to be the one and only self-conscious group on this earth able to act intelligently in promoting t h e i r group interests, and then the world will belong to t h e m . They've been pretty successful so far in their campaign against us. 3 1

Pierce holds up the Steven Spielberg film, Saving Private Ryan, as a noteworthy example of how the media sell a version of reality to the m a s s public. Pierce says the film is considered to be a realistic and h o n e s t portrayal of World War II. The Spielberg film does show the b l o o d - a n d guts aspect of the war more starkly than other films have, h e acknowledges, but it is far from honest, at least as Pierce views that w a r . "It [Saving Private Ryan] propagates the same lies about the Second World War that every film--and I mean e v e r y film--made by the Jewish film industry in Hollywood for nearly sixty years has propagated," he said in a radio broadcast he called "Media Myths." These lies are that the Second World War was a 'necessary' war, that there was no way we could have avoided it, and t h a t it was a 'good' war, that is, a morally justified war. We w e r e forced to fight Germany in order to protect America. We could not have stayed out of the war or fought on the other side, because that would have been immoral. The other side w a s evil. We fought against evil. By destroying Germany and Hitler we saved the world from slavery and tyranny. Hitler was a n evil man, the most evil man who has ever lived, and with h i s evil SS troops he intended to enslave the world and d e s t r o y everything beautiful and good. But we stopped him. We s a v e d America. We saved the world.3 2 Pierce says the Spielberg film is just one more iteration of this World War II story. It has been parroted by every politician, television newsman, every school teacher for half a century. Pierce insists that t h e dogma that World War II preserved our freedom and saved the w o r l d - - t o the extent that even questioning the justification of our involvement i n that war is uniformly refarded as “out of bounds”--is evidence of just h o w strong a hold the Jewish propagandists have over this country. You c a n

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have dissenting views on the Spanish-American War and Korea, he says; and go right ahead and say anything you want about Vietnam. But d o n ' t let anybody catch you saying anything bad about World War II. The Second World War didn't preserve America's freedom, s a y s Pierce. "America's freedom was never threatened by Germany,” h e proclaimed in one of his broadcasts. Hitler could not even have imagined taking away America's freedom. His war against America was entirely defensive. W e were the aggressors. The U.S. Army invaded Germany and took away Germany's freedom, not the other way around. T h e r e was never the slightest danger that Hitler would i n v a d e America. And we certainly didn't save the world. What we d i d was turn half of the world over to the rule of the communists for nearly fifty years. We didn't even defend America's economic interests by destroying Germany. The only people whose vital interests were defended by America's participation in the Second World War were the Jews.3 3 We've been sold the idea that the American, British, and Soviet terror bombing, rape, and dismemberment of Germany was the liberation of the German people from the tyrannical rule of Hitler, says Pierce. But the truth of it, he argues, is that millions of white people, including Americans, killed one another in a fratricidal war--racial brother against brother--for the sake of punishing the Germans for throwing the Jews o u t of their country during the 1930s. The Jews controlled the mass m e d i a and politicians even back then, Pierce says, and they were able t o persuade us to give precedence to their interests over our own. The Jews hated the Germans and wanted us to destroy Germany for them, and t h a t is what we did. And we still think that what we did was a fine and noble thing, and nobody in public life has the courage to say anything different. This is plainly how Pierce sees it. A contemporary political example of Jewish manipulation of t h e opinions of our people to their advantage, Pierce declares, is what has gone on in recent years with Iraq. Saddam Hussein and Iraq are being held up as a threat t o America, a threat to the world, just as Germany w a s represented as a threat to the world before the Second World War, when in fact Iraq is a threat only to the Jews' plans f o r the Middle East, and Germany was a threat only to the Jews' plans for controlling Europe [he is referring to communism, which he sees as Jewish-dominated]....Iraq is certainly not a

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threat to America and never has been, but if the Jews become worried about Saddam Hussein's ability to thwart Israel's further expansion, you can be sure that we will be called o n again to save America, to save freedom, and to save the w o r l d by "liberating" Iraq. And unfortunately, most Americans will respond to the call. They will believe that they are being patriotic by responding, just as most of the veterans of t h e Second World War still believe that they were being patriotic in responding to the call to save America from Hitler.3 4

In American Dissident Voices programs called "The Fayetteville Murders" and "Fashion for Genocide," Pierce presents another illustration of what h e believes to be anti-white media bias. 35 In these broadcasts he contrasts the media coverage of three crimes which took place in Fayetteville, North Carolina. One of the crimes received extensive national news coverage a n d the other two nobody outside of Fayetteville ever heard about, and h e thinks he knows why. First the case that everybody heard about as Pierce’s describes it. Back in 1995, Pierce tells his audience, a white soldier by the name of James Burmeister got “tanked up” and ran into a convicted black d r u g dealer and his girlfriend in Fayetteville and shot them both to death. Police later found what they called “racist literature” in Burmeister's room. Immediately the case became national news and was a cause célèbre f o r months: a race killing, how terrible. Bill Clinton held up the crime as a n example of persistent white racism. The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith and the Simon Wiesenthal Center condemned it as a hate crime t i m e and again. In the second Fayetteville case, Pierce recounts, two white women, eighteen-year-old Tracy Lambert and twenty-five-year-old year old Susan Moore, were murdered. Tracy and Susan were on their way home o n e evening when they were abducted by seven blacks and mixed-blood Hispanics. All of the abductors were prospective members of a gang called the Crips. Authorities later learned that they had been assigned the g a n g initiation task of murdering two white people--any two white people. So the seven of them drove the two young women to a vacant lot, made t h e m kneel on the ground, and shot them both in the head as they pleaded f o r their lives. The crime was reported locally in Fayetteville, but n o t elsewhere, Pierce says. Now to the third Fayetteville case. A twenty-five-year-old w h i t e soldier named Donald Lange was stomped and kicked by seven black soldiers while, according to reports of witnesses, the attackers w e r e

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shouting racial epithets. Lange lived, but his brain was destroyed. At t h e time of Pierce’s broadcast, one year after the crime, Lange had not m o v e d or spoken since the beating. Pierce says that the medical prognosis is t h a t he will never regain his faculties. Again, observes Pierce, no n e w s coverage beyond the local area of what happened to Donald Lange. No comment from the President nor any other high official. Silence. Now imagine, Pierce says, if the races of the perpetrators and victims had been reversed in these last two crimes: two black women are killed b y white gang members assigned to kill any two black people; seven w h i t e soldiers beat a black soldier into a vegetative state while shouting racial slurs. The gruesome details of the crime would have been on e v e r y television screen in America night after night, Pierce contends, and t h e r e would have been a parade of politicians and preachers and "hate watchers" lecturing to us about the evils of white racism, just as they did in t h e Burmeister case and just as they did when three white ex-convicts d r a g g e d a black ex-convict to death behind a pick-up truck in Texas--another widely reported case nationally. But you didn't hear about what happened to Tracy Lambert a n d Susan Moore, Pierce says, and you didn’t hear about Donald Lange, because they don't fit with the current official line, which is that White people are evil, especially heterosexual White males. They have persecuted non-Whites for hundreds of years. White people really shouldn't complain if non-Whites sometimes strike back at them. That is only justice. W h e n Blacks and Mexicans organize in gangs, it is only to protect themselves from Whites, but when Whites organize, it is t o oppress non-Whites. Whites need to be reminded that they a r e oppressors. That is why White crimes against non-Whites should be emphasized. And if we are to have a happy a n d prosperous multicultural society with lots of diversity, which is of course a wonderful thing, then Whites have to mix with n o n Whites. So we shouldn't give them any news that might m a k e them reluctant to mix. We shouldn't tell them about black crimes against whites, because that might frighten w h i t e women away from black men. It might even lead whites t o organize against non-whites. In the long run the only sure w a y to have a peaceful society in which everyone gets along w i t h everyone else is to get rid of the white majority: to replace t h e present white majority with a non-white majority. A lot of racial mixing and racial intermarriage will help to achieve that, and we should report the news with that aim in mind.3 6

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If what happened to these three young white victims in Fayetteville received wide coverage, Pierce contends, white people might start asking what the actual numbers of white crimes against minorities are c o m p a r e d to the reverse, and that wouldn't be good at all. 37 Better, says Pierce, t h a t people imagine that whites are committing hate crimes left and right a n d are the only ones committing them. Better that people assume that a n y white person who is racially conscious is a low-life “white supremacist” who does terrible things to minorities. Better that whites feel guilty a n d obligated to cooperate with the program that has been set up for them b y those on a higher moral plane than they. Pierce expresses particular concern about the impact of the mass media o n white children. He writes: "By permitting the Jews to control our news a n d entertainment media we are doing more than merely giving them a decisive influence on our political system and virtual control of o u r government; we also are giving them control of the minds and souls of o u r children, whose attitudes and ideals are shaped more by Jewish television and Jewish films than by parents, schools, or any other influence." 3 8 In a broadcast in mid-1998, Pierce used the widely publicized case of a schoolyard shooting in Jonesboro, Arkansas in March of that year t o make his point that the popular media are having a harmful effect o n children. Thirteen-year-old Mitchell Johnson and another boy had s h o t and killed four of their schoolmates and a teacher in a shooting spree. On June 13th of 1998, Pierce told his listeners, President Clinton g a v e a speech at Portland State University. Prior to the speech, he had visited a high school in Springfield, Oregon, where another school killing-spree h a d just taken place. According to Pierce, during the Springfield visit Clinton bemoaned the "culture of violence" in America that incites young people t o kill and affirmed his determination to bring an end to the epidemic of school violence which has been plaguing the country. Right after his Portland speech, reports Pierce, Clinton hopped on A i r Force One and flew to Los Angeles, where he was the guest of honor at a party at the mansion of record mogul Lew Wasserman. The purpose of t h e party, says Pierce, was to raise donations for the Democratic party. Lew Wasserman, Mr. Clinton's host, is the chairman emeritus of MCA, the giant record company which is the principal p r o m o t e r and distributor of the musical genre known as "gangsta’ rap." For those who don't know this, gangsta' rap has lyrics glorifying the life style of Black gangsters and drug bosses. It glorifies street shootings and other aspects of Black criminality. Its r a p lyrics are very graphic about murder and rape, which i t

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promotes as being very “cool” and fashionable. Gangsta’ r a p has been pushed hard by Wasserman and other big media Jews in an effort to get White kids hooked on Black culture a n d lifestyles. It fits right in with Mr. Clinton's efforts to eliminate White racism by getting Whites to accept Blacks and o t h e r aspects of "diversity." 3 9 Pierce says that according to Mitchell Johnson's English teacher, Debbie Pelley, the young Arkansas killer was really into rap music. Mitchell's favorite rapper, Tupac Shakur, performed on one of the labels distributed by Lew Wasserman's company. (Shakur was himself killed in a drive-by shooting.) Mrs. Pelley told a U.S. Senate committee that Mitchell brought this kind of music to school with him, listening to it on the bus a n d even trying to listen to it during classes. She testified that she h e a r d Mitchell sing along with lyrics about "coming to school and killing all t h e kids." Pierce speculates that the impressionable young boy came to t h i n k that it would be “cool” to shoot his schoolmates. Did Clinton see the connection between what Wasserman's c o m p a n y produced and what happened in that schoolyard in Arkansas? Pierce thinks the answer to that question is yes. "I think he was aware of it, b u t he figured that the general public wasn't and so he could get away w i t h going to Lew Wasserman's party and hugging Lew Wasserman a n d accepting money from Lew Wasserman just a few hours after telling t h e parents at Thurston High School in Springfield, Oregon that he “felt t h e i r pain” over the shootings there and that he was determined to d o everything he could to end the culture of violence which led to s u c h shootings. He figured he could get away with it because Lew Wasserman's fellow Jewish media bosses wouldn't call him to account for it. I guess h e figured right, didn't he?" 4 0 As he was putting this broadcast about the Arkansas killings together, Pierce talked to me and Irena about it. He told us he had received a l e t t e r from a woman who had said that his language in his radio programs w a s too harsh and inflammatory. There seemed to be a lot of name-calling a n d talk about violence, she had written, and this kind of thing was making h e r uncomfortable. "Let me read you something from what I put together f o r next week,” Pierce said to us, “and why don't you see if this is the sort of thing she is talking about in her letter and whether you think I'm coming on too strong." Irena and I said we would do that, and Pierce began reading a section of his upcoming radio program off his computer screen in spirited fashion, just as if he were delivering a real broadcast. He finished r e a d i n g

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with a sentence that went "Bill Clinton is a constitutional psychopath, a n indictable criminal, and a piece of filth, and the fact that he was elected President of the United States twice is justification for an armed uprising by every patriot." He looked over at the two of us and asked, "Well, w h a t about that? Is that too strong do you think?" Irena didn't answer, right away, and I guess I took over a s spokesman for the two of us. I said that I could see how what he s a i d could put off some people; it could sound hyperbolic and shrill a n d undercut his credibility. This kind of heightened language could d r a w attention to itself and obscure some of the key ideas that he is trying to g e t across, such as that if things keep going as they are, whites are going to b e a minority in America in fifty years. I said I thought this kind of t a l k might especially turn away women, that it might seem indecorous a n d menacing to them. I said that it did appear to me that he had a p r o b l e m getting women to relate to his message, and that perhaps these sorts of statements blocked women from hearing what he had to say and set up i n their minds an outside-the-boundaries-of-the-community image of h i m and his ideas and his organization that kept them at a distance. Pierce's reply was that he had to grab people's attention, and t h a t strong language like this was the way to reach his audience. He said h e needs to stir up people, and anyway, this is how he really feels a b o u t Clinton. I said it seemed to me his approach would attract some and turn off others, but that the last thing he said, about how this is how he really felt, might be the most important consideration. Perhaps what was p a r a m o u n t for him was to maintain his own personal integrity and to express himself honestly, and then to just let things fall out as they do. “No, no, that’s not it,” he replied. “I do believe that honesty is t h e best policy, but what’s most important is to get my message across to m y audience. I’m willing to do whatever it takes to get that accomplished. I am willing to change how I go about things.” “Something you might do with regard to people like this woman” I said, “is to show them that you understand where they are having problems with your approach, that you know what’s making them uneasy. Let them know you are aware of what they are going through and that y o u care about what is happening with them. And then tell them why y o u come at these issues the way you do.” “I could go that ‘touchy-feely’ route, I suppose,” Pierce replied, obviously not too thrilled with my idea. “Here, let me read this part of t h e talk again.” Pierce then looked back at the computer screen, found h i s place, and read that same part of his talk again, the part about Clinton being a constitutional psychopath, out loud with the same animation as t h e first time. He looked very pleased with the ring of his prose. When h e

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finished he said more to himself than to Irena and me: "I can't u n d e r s t a n d why anybody would be put off by something like that.” When I later heard the broadcast, I noticed that the Clinton m a t e r i a l we had talked about stayed in the script. I forgot to ask him whether h e answered the woman’s letter, and if he did, what he told her. A year after the Jonesboro killings, at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado two students killed twelve other students and a teacher, and t h e n committed suicide. The nation was horrified by what happened. In a radio program, Pierce remarked: You remember, we discussed this phenomenon of schoolyard killings more than a year ago. I predicted then that we w o u l d see many more of them, because the social pathology t h a t causes them is becoming worse. In a word, that pathology is alienation. Multiculturalism results in alienation. Always. You destroy a kid's sense of rootedness, his sense of belonging to a natural community; you rob him of his sense of identity, h i s sense of kinship with the people around him, and you'll have a frustrated kid....You take away a kid's sense of responsibility t o his biological community, and you're likely to have anti-social behavior. If on top of that you destroy his respect f o r authority, you're practically guaranteed trouble...Finally, w e should note the effect of the media on young people. The media blur their sense of reality. If children watch television, play video games, and go to the movies from the time t h e y ' r e able to talk, by the time they're 17 they've seen thousands of people shot to death or otherwise killed--many of whom, w i t h video games, they’ve “killed” themselves. In past generations, children might see three or four real deaths while growing u p , and they would have a much better appreciation for the reality of death--and of life--than the kid raised today does. T h e y wouldn't be quite so likely to confuse game-playing for r e a l life. 4 1

"The mass media could be a powerful force for good, a powerful force f o r enlightening and uplifting and guiding our people rather than exploiting them," Pierce asserts. 4 2 And what does Pierce propose be done about t h e fact, at least in his eyes, that it isn’t a positive force?

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Pierce is especially perplexed by what he views as a " n a k e d emperor" problem--nobody will acknowledge the obvious. A good start a s far as Pierce is concerned would be to start naming the problem. It w o u l d also help, Pierce argues, if people came to understand the problem. Most people will believe what they are told to believe b y their television. Which means that it is essential that t h e people who control the mass media, the people who decide what the masses are to be told, must be our people, people with our interests--not people with an entirely different agenda of their own. The mass media could be a powerful force for good, a powerful force for enlightening and uplifting a n d guiding our people rather than exploiting them.” You know, a lot of people understand that; t h e y understand the power of the mass media. Our political l e a d e r s certainly understand that. Many academics understand it. But they won’t buck the Jews. They prefer to go with the flow, t o get what advantage they can for themselves, but not to s p e a k out against the way the media have been and are being misused to exploit our people. They are afraid of becoming targets of Jewish hate-propaganda themselves. And t h e y understand the difficulty of convincing the public of the t r u t h after the public already has been convinced of a lie.... And so the politicians and the academics won’t point o u t the lies...and that means that we’ll have to do it ourselves, t h e hard way. We’ll have to continue building our own media: media like these American Dissident Voices programs. That’s a long and difficult job. And while we’re doing that we’ll b e hearing and seeing a lot more romanticized propaganda f r o m Steven Spielberg and the Weinstein brothers and the rest of the Jewish media establishment. But at least we are reaching more people with the truth this month than we did last month, and we’ll reach more still next month....4 3 When Pierce talks about what to do about the media problem h e sees, his rhetoric often takes on a Malcolm X-like “by any m e a n s necessary” quality. Two examples: "I have decided," Pierce declared in o n e of his radio programs, "that it is our responsibility to ourselves, to o u r posterity, to our ancestors, and to the God of Nature which made us w h a t we are, to use any and all means--any and all means--to combat t h e s e Jewish media bosses and their collaborators in the government, in t h e schools, in the churches, and wherever else we find them." 44 And in one of

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his writings he stated: "Once we have absorbed and understood the fact of Jewish media control, it is our inescapable responsibility to do w h a t e v e r is necessary to break that control. We must shrink from nothing i n combating this evil power which has fastened its deadly grip on our people and is injecting its lethal poison into our minds and souls. If we fail t o destroy it, it certainly will destroy our race. Let us begin now to acquire knowledge and take action toward this necessary end." 4 5 But specifically what would Pierce have us do? He is not of a bent t o advocate particular policies: this law, that regulation, organizing a b u y o u t or boycott, getting individuals into key slots in organizations and agencies --those kinds of things. There are the violent, revolutionary actions h e writes about in his novels, and from being around him I think there is a part of him that would indeed relish something like that happening. Time and again he'd say we need a revolution, but then he would also invariably quickly add that he doesn’t believe that the time is ripe for one now. M y guess is that Pierce would be uplifted to hear of the assassination of a media mogul or two or three. It should be made clear, however, that I never heard him say anything of that sort. I am just making a supposition based on my sense of him. Pierce has handled the problem of the media’s intrusion into his o w n life in an individual and non-violent way. He has moved to a remote a r e a of West Virginia where the nearest movie theater is forty miles away. He watches virtually no television. He is a faithful viewer of the NBC evening news, but he told me he watches it by and large because of his w o r k - - t h a t is, to inform his radio programs and writings. When I think of how Pierce has organized his life, I am reminded of the letter I discussed earlier t h a t Bob DeMarais wrote to a woman in Florida who had written Pierce. This is the letter Pierce gave to Bob and asked him to draft a reply. In the letter, Bob suggested that the woman give up television--100%, cold turkey--and cut way down o n your radio listening or turn it off altogether. Leave what isn’t real and go to what is real. Spend time with nature, go for a walk or sit out in your yard, see the ground and the sky, feel your place on this earth, see the trees and plants and birds a n d animals, feel their life. And feel your own life. Think of h o w each life grows out of a life before. Think of your ancestors who passed life on to you. Think of your children--or t h e children you will have--and how they will find mates a n d continue the process of life reproducing itself. 4 6

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I haven't talked to Pierce about Bob's letter to the listener w h o wrote, but I imagine that Pierce would find what Bob said to be reasonable advice given the ‘pre-revolutionary’ circumstance that exists today. But a t the same time, I think Pierce would see this sort of individual coping as a means to an greater end, and that is the time when this woman and o t h e r s of her race join with one another to seize control of the media as part of a larger effort to bring about a radical and fundamental change in t h e i r collective lives. I obtained the books Pierce had recommended by Kevin MacDonald, t h e ones he said in his radio broadcast were “very convincing, very thorough.” The MacDonald books were available from my university library, so I wasn’t forced to go through a lengthy inter-library loan process as I h a v e with almost all of the books I have reviewed as part of this project. T h e MacDonald books are three related volumes, the first published in 1 9 9 4 and the last two in 1998.47 MacDonald's general topic in the three books is the ethnic conflict between Jews and those he calls “European-derived peoples.” The subtitles of MacDonald’s three books give an indication of how MacDonald approaches his subject: Judaism as a Group Evolutionary Strategy, Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Anti-Semitism, and A n Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements. MacDonald is a university professor and writes in academic style. I have to agree with Pierce’s description of the books; with a total of eight hundred sixty-seven heavily documented pages of tightly-packed print i t is “pretty heavy reading.” I’m not recommending these books be included among those taken to the beach this summer. On the other hand, I will only be able to touch on a very small portion of what MacDonald considers in these wide-ranging books, so it may be useful to the reader to check into them. If there is only time to read one of the three, m y recommendation is the last one, The Culture of Critique. As the subtitle of the first volume indicates, MacDonald looks a t things from an evolutionary perspective. In this case, however, instead of being concerned with the fate of a species of animals, MacDonald focuses on how one group of human beings--Jews--has struggled to survive a n d prosper. MacDonald’s thesis is that in the pursuit of their interests Jews have consciously compromised the interests of non-Jews. His books chronicle the ways Jews have gone about that and the impact their actions have had on European peoples in general and European-Americans i n particular. What MacDonald finds very intriguing is how, in the last h a l f century, European-derived people seem to have gone down without a fight, as it were. In fact, many of them have gone so far as to actively

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participate in furthering the demise of their cultural heritage and way of life and in lowering the level of their own resources, social status, a n d political power. MacDonald writes, “That an ethnic group would b e unconcerned with its own eclipse and domination is certainly not expected by an evolutionist or, indeed, by advocates of social justice whatever t h e i r ideology.” 48 Yet it appears that by and large European people are in fact unconcerned about their own eclipse and domination. In all three of h i s books, and particularly in his last one, The Culture of Critique, MacDonald attempts to identify the ways Jews have been able to foster this anomalous posture among non-Jews. MacDonald argues that, as an ethnic group, Jews have b e e n exceedingly successful in recent decades: ...Jews have played a decisive role in developing highly influential intellectual and political movements that serve t h e i r interests in contemporary societies. There has been a n enormous growth in Jewish power and influence in W e s t e r n societies generally, particularly the United States. Ginsberg (1993) notes that Jewish economic status and cultural influence have increased dramatically since 1960. Shapiro (1992, 1 1 6 ) shows that Jews are overrepresented by at least a factor of nine on indexes of wealth, but that this is a conservative estimate, because much Jewish wealth is in real estate, which is difficult to determine and easy to hide. While constituting approximately 2.4 percent of the population of the United States, Jews represent half of the top one hundred Wall S t r e e t executives and about 40 percent of admissions to Ivy League colleges. Lipset and Raab (1995) note that Jews contribute between one-quarter and one-third of all political contributions in the United States, including one-half of Democratic P a r t y contributions and one-fourth of Republican contributions. T h e general message of Goldberg’s (1996) book Jewish Power: Inside the American Jewish Establishment is that American Judaism is well organized and lavishly funded. It has achieved a great deal of power, and it has been successful in achieving its interests. 4 9 How did the Jews go about getting to such a position of prominence? It is clear that MacDonald thinks that intelligence, industry, conscientiousness, and intragroup support have had a great deal to do w i t h their economic success. But what is especially germane here is h o w MacDonald sees Jews operating at the intellectual and cultural levels i n

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support of their interests. According to MacDonald, in these realms t h e Jews have had one major aim with regard to the United States: t h a t America not be dominated by a self-conscious, committed, and u n i t e d Most of what the Jews have d o n e European-derived majority. 50 intellectually and socially can be understood as a means to that end, s a y s MacDonald. Whatever the stated reasons for a particular Jewish-inspired idea or activity, largely or wholly its purpose is to dilute European American power--so concludes MacDonald. Why would the Jews pursue this goal? From MacDonald's writings, I discern two primary reasons. The first grows out of his evolutionist perspective. MacDonald sees competition for a bigger slice of the p i e - - o r as he puts it, “intergroup competition for resources”--to be inherent in t h e nature of things. Groups of people look out for their own well-being a n d seek their own advantage; that is the way it goes. Like it or not, that is t h e game on the table. The second reason--and MacDonald gives a great d e a l of weight to this one--grows out of Jews’ experience in Europe when w h i t e racial consciousness and unchecked anti-Semitism took hold in Germany under Hitler. "Never let that kind of thing happen again" seems to be t h e lesson Jews have taken away from that painful period in their history. Now to some of the strategies MacDonald cites as having contributed to t h e achievement of the Jews’ goal of preventing the dominance of Europeanderived people in America. First, MacDonald asserts, Jewish writers and organizations h a v e played up one of the two major aspects of the American political a n d cultural heritage while playing down the other one. MacDonald says t h a t there are two main strands in the American story, as it were. One is a n enlightenment-inspired commitment to individual rights and individual autonomy, and the other is a republican strand emphasizing a cohesive a n d socially homogeneous society and the importance of Anglo-Saxon ethnicity in the development and preservation of the American identity. 51 Jewish writers and activists, MacDonald notes, tend to stress the first of these t w o strands. They emphasize civil liberties and individual freedom and choice. They applaud the democratic process in contrast to republican forms a n d Euro-American traditions. They emphasize the past sins of the d o m i n a n t American culture and the limitations in its way of life. Why all this is important is that to the extent that non-Jews come to value personal independence and self-determination and at the same time devalue o r ignore their ancestral and national roots and any loyalties and obligations they engender, it will cut them off from their past and extinguish a n y sense of solidarity with others who share their ethnic heritage. In a word, white Americans will be splintered.

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There is also the attack on the Christian religion as a way to kick t h e props from under Gentiles. MacDonald quotes the Jewish intellectual Norman Podhoretz as writing that “it is in fact the case that Jewishdominated organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union h a v e ridiculed Christian religious beliefs, [and] attempted to undermine t h e public strength of Christianity....” 52 Jews have effectively p a i n t e d fundamentalist Christians who attempt to influence educational and o t h e r public policy or oppose what they consider to be the moral bankruptcy of certain forms of mass entertainment as backward and a threat to t h e society. Religion and spirituality hold people together and give them a common direction. If you can make them cynical about their religious orientation and secularize them, you can pull them apart from one another. And then there is the denigration of non-cosmopolitan EuropeanAmerican ways of life. MacDonald writes that a prominent theme of Jewish New York intellectuals and Jewish scholars in the social sciences h a s been the intellectual and moral inferiority of traditional American culture, particularly rural American culture.” 53 According to MacDonald, what is important is not so much that Jews come to believe negative things a b o u t non-Jews, but rather that non-Jews come to believe negative things a b o u t themselves. And that is what has happened, says MacDonald. European Americans have come to look down upon their rural brethren and, e v e n more than that, rural ways and living with connection to the land i n general. To disconnect European-Americans from the earth and a p a t t e r n of life that is literally grounded is to cut off their roots. MacDonald sees Freudian psychoanalysis as a Jewish-dominated intellectual movement and a central element in what he calls “this war o n Gentile cultural supports." In particular, MacDonald claims, psychoanalysis pathologizes childhood and undercuts the belief in what he calls h i g h investment parenting, that is to say, authoritative, non-permissive approaches to raising children. 54 MacDonald doesn’t get into it in his book, but as I was reading this material I wondered whether he might also v i e w the more indulgent parenting techniques popularized in the 1950s a n d ‘60s by pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock in the same light. I do know t h a t Pierce is disgusted with the ways white parents have given over t h e i r time-honored--he would call it Aryan--discipline-and-responsibilitycentered way of bringing up children. Also, beyond the particular issue of childraising, I came away from MacDonald's books with the impression that he sees Jewish prominence in the therapeutic professions as having made Gentiles more distrustful of their basic attitudes, impulses, a n d patterns of conduct. I think MacDonald believes the "psychologization" of Gentiles has induced them to introspect and second-guess themselves, a n d

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that this takes away some of their edge, their forcefulness, their fierceness, their ability to connect instinct and action. It has served to soften them. Then there is the prominence of Jews in promoting black civil rights and the cause of racial integration. MacDonald writes: Jews have been instrumental in organizing African Americans as a political force that served Jewish interests i n diluting the political and cultural hegemony [dominance] of non-Jewish European Americans. Jews played a v e r y prominent role in organizing blacks beginning with t h e founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 and, despite increasing black anti-Semitism, continuing into the present... Cruse observes that Jewish organizations view AngloSaxon (read Caucasian) nationalism as their greatest potential threat and they have tended to support pro-black integration policies for blacks in America, presumably because s u c h policies dilute Caucasian power and lessen the possibility of a cohesive, nationalist anti-Semitic Caucasian majority. At t h e same time, Jewish organizations have opposed a black nationalist position while pursuing an anti-assimilationist, nationalist group strategy for their own group. 5 5 MacDonald points out that Jews have promoted liberal immigration policies as a mechanism of ensuring that the United States would be a pluralistic rather than a unitary, homogeneous nation. 56 The more n o n whites who come into the United States, the fewer whites there will be as a total percentage of the population. Also, the greater the number of people whose culture differs from the European culture, the less European i n character America becomes. MacDonald notes the strong backing of t h e Jews for the landmark 1965 immigration law which cut the flow of immigrants from Europe and dramatically increased the flow from Asia and Latin America. 57 Writes MacDonald: "The 1965 law is having the effect that it seems reasonable to suppose had been intended by its Jewish advocates all along. The census Bureau projects that by the year 2 0 5 0 , European-derived peoples will be a minority in this country." 5 8 MacDonald underscores that the problem of immigration of n o n European peoples is not confined to the United States. He notes that while it is "a severe and increasingly contentious problem" in the entire W e s t e r n world, only European-derived peoples have opened their doors to t h e other peoples of the world and now stand in danger of losing control of territory occupied for hundreds of years.” 5 9

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And then there is multiculturalism. MacDonald contends that t h e multiculturalist ideology has been promoted by Jewish intellectuals t o rationalize minority group ethnocentrism while at the same t i m e delegitimize and pathologize European ethnocentrism. Multiculturalism has caught hold with all segments of the population, including those f r o m European backgrounds. Multiculturalism promotes the idea that Europeanderived people are morally obligated to attend to the welfare of minority groups and to serve the interests of minority groups, even if it is done a t the cost of their own interests. However, multiculturalism does not s t r e s s the reverse, that is to say, it does not implore other groups to attend to a n d serve the interests of European-derived peoples. MacDonald points out the harsh condemnation--including from t h e many European-derived people who have accepted the tenets of multiculturalism--of any indication that those of European background might develop a cohesive group identity and strategy in reaction to t h e group identities and strategies of other groups. 60 Thus there is a double standard: it is all right for minorities to come together to promote t h e i r interests--for there to be black, Hispanic, and Jewish organizations, black, Hispanic, and Jewish leadership, a black, Hispanic, and Jewish a g e n d a - - b u t it is not all right for European-Americans to do the same thing. “I h a v e noted," MacDonald writes, "that a fundamental agenda [of t h e multiculturalists] has been to make the European-derived peoples of t h e United States view concern with their own demographic and cultural eclipse as irrational and as an indication of psychopathology.” 61 In a n o t h e r place, MacDonald puts it this way: "At present the interests of n o n European-derived peoples to expand demographically and politically in t h e United States are widely perceived as a moral imperative, whereas t h e attempts of European-derived peoples to retain demographic, political, a n d cultural control is represented as racist, immoral, and an indication of psychiatric disorder. From the perspective of these European-derived peoples, the prevailing ethnic morality is altruistic and self-sacrificial." 6 2 While the rug is being pulled out from under the European majority, Jews, in contrast, have long been painted in the most positive light possible. “[A] consistent theme of Jewish intellectual activity since t h e Enlightenment," writes MacDonald, "has been to cast Jewish ethnic i n t e r e s t s and Judaism itself as embodying a unique and irreplaceable m o r a l vision...." 63 MacDonald states: "There is a great deal of consensus on b r o a d Jewish issues, particularly in the areas of Israel and the welfare of o t h e r foreign Jewries, immigration and refugee policy, church-state separation, abortion rights, and civil liberties.” 64 According to MacDonald, Europeanderived peoples have come to accept that Jews and whatever they favor is the right side, the side to be on, the side to support, no question about it;

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and that to be against Jews or to criticize them is to be on the wrong side, no question about that either. MacDonald says that if the present trends continue, the w h i t e population (not including Jews) will likely suffer a decline in economic a n d social status over the next several generations. 65 However, that is if present trends continue; MacDonald thinks they probably will not continue. European-Americans are likely, MacDonald believes, to eventually join together and pursue their interests in the same way other ethnic groups d o now. He writes: The viability of a morality of self-sacrifice is especially problematic in the context of a multicultural society in which everyone is conscious of group membership and there is between-group competition for resources....I rather doubt t h a t such altruism will continue if there are obvious signs that t h e status and political power of European-derived groups is decreasing while the power of other groups increases. The prediction...is that as other groups become increasingly powerful and salient in a multicultural society, the Europeanderived peoples of the United States will become increasingly unified; among these peoples, contemporary divisive influences, such as issues related to gender and sexual orientation, social class differences, or religious differences, will be increasingly perceived as unimportant. Eventually t h e s e groups will develop a united front and a collectivist political orientation vis-à-vis the other ethnic groups. 6 6 Clearly, European ethnic and political unity and collective action is something Pierce would like to see happen and in his own way is attempting to foster. We are left with two big questions about t h i s possibility, however. The first is whether it would be a good turn of events if it happened. Some hold that it would balkanize America, i.e., t u r n America into a series of separate and competing enclaves and split t h e fabric of this country. Others, Pierce included, believe it would be a selfpreserving and self-affirming response of European-Americans to t h e i r current circumstance. The second question, of course, is whether, good thing or bad thing, European-American ethnic allegiance and i d e n t i t y politics will in fact emerge somewhere up the line. MacDonald is of m i n d to think that it will. If Pierce is right in his analysis, however, there is o n e very powerful force within this society in particular, the mass media, which is attempting to ensure that it won’t.

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2 3 ____________ RACISM AND HATE Pierce is dismissed by his opponents--and most others as well--as a racist and a hater. He dealt with the topics of racism and hate and t h e characterizations of him as a racist and hater in several radio p r o g r a m s and Free Speech articles. I will attempt to capture the essence of what h e said on those occasions. First, Pierce on racism. 1 Pierce believes that over the past forty or fifty years white people have been conditioned to feel guilty about their n a t u r a l inclinations around race. He says the media in particular but also t h e schools, politicians, and mainstream churches have waged an all-out campaign to get whites to deny their natural--and Pierce contends, healthy--impulses. And what are these “natural” racial impulses o r inclinations? In order to get at that, Pierce says, we must examine the w a y white people thought and behaved before the “conditioning program” began. Pierce contends that in times past most whites accepted the fact t h a t people of a particular race preferred to live and work and play with o t h e r s like themselves. White people, he says, were curious about other races. They would study the lore of the Indians, for example. And indeed, w h i t e s found much to admire in other races and cultures--Chinese art f o r example. But still, according to Pierce, whites retained a sense of separateness and exclusiveness and pride in their own European heritage, in their own racial characteristics. They didn't feel it necessary t o apologize for teaching the history of their own race to their children, that is to say, European history. They didn't feel the need to balance things o u t by giving equal treatment to other races and cultures. They left Japanese and Tibetan history to the scholars in those fields. And they certainly didn't feel a conciliatory obligation to invent a ‘false’ black history t o elevate the self-esteem of blacks or to persuade young whites that blacks were their cultural equals. Did whites feel their race was superior to other races? In general, yes, they did, says Pierce, which is not to say that they were blind to t h e fact that other races and cultures could do some things very well, and i n cases were better than they were at some things. But whites valued w h a t they were good at, and so by the standards they set up they looked v e r y

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good to themselves. They were confident in their abilities a n d accomplishments as thinkers and problem solvers and civilization builders, says Pierce. They liked their literature and art best. They valued t h e i r way of life--their concept of virtue and morality and their approach t o family and work and so on. Basically, they believed they had a s u p e r i o r culture and superior race. In that sense they were what today would b e called white supremacists. But, Pierce says, they were certainly not alone in feeling that way; it is natural for a people to think their ways are t h e best, that they are the best. The Chinese, for instance, have historically believed that they are superior to the ‘foreign devils,’ notes Pierce. T h a t the Chinese thought that way didn't bother whites, Pierce says. It d i d n ' t threaten whites’ sense of their worth, their sense of their place in t h e world. Pierce argues that an outgrowth of people's natural feelings of racial identification and favoritism is to segregate themselves from other people, to live among their own in the ways they prefer. That is their n o r m a l impulse, says Pierce. That way of living has been typical throughout t h e history of humankind. It may seem like a good idea for people to live mixed up with other peoples, Pierce acknowledges, but it doesn’t work a s well as we have been told that it does, and it isn’t inherently a superior o r a more elevated way to live. And in any case, says Pierce, living amid s o called diversity is not the only legitimate (that is, morally acceptable) w a y to live, and hardly an urgent moral imperative. It is only in recent y e a r s that whites have been pressured to think in those terms. World War II brought big changes in this pattern of thought a n d conduct, says Pierce. (This reference to the impact of the Second World War is another example of Pierce's view of this period in history as a watershed event in human history.) Pierce says those who w a n t e d Germany destroyed painted it as a war for democracy and equality. As i t went, the Germans believed in a master race while we believed in t h e equality of the races. This rationale, argues Pierce, brought increased stress on an equality theme in American life in contrast to an emphasis o n the qualitative differences among individuals and groups. The idea of t h e equality of whites and blacks went along with that theme. From t h e assumption that blacks were equal to whites it followed that if blacks w e r e observed to accomplish less or conduct themselves less admirably, something external to them must be causing it. And that cause w a s identified--white oppression. Whites must have made blacks the way t h e y were. Pierce says that while white villainy seemed to make sense given the--as far as he is concerned--false notion of racial equality, it simply didn't square with the facts. The vast majority of whites, contends Pierce, didn't concern themselves with blacks and wasted no time trying t o

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suppress them. The vast majority of whites didn’t care what blacks did. They simply wanted to go their way and let blacks go theirs. But the facts of the matter aren’t what is important here, maintains Pierce. What is important is to understand that World War II served to heighten the belief that if blacks had any problems at all, they could be laid at the feet of whites. Pierce views the civil rights revolution of the 1950s and ‘60s a s another important turning point in the development of the “whites-asbad-guys” perception that has taken hold. During those years, says Pierce, the media showed us images of inoffensive blacks marching and protesting amid what looked to be white hooligans who were screaming at t h e m , assaulting them, and in some instances killing them. After scores of television clips, news stories, and commentaries which painted this s a m e picture, resistance to what the civil rights activists wanted became e q u a t e d in most people’s minds with KKK types and beefy Southern sheriffs a n d their German shepherds and waterhoses. It is understandable, says Pierce, how most white people came to sympathize strongly with the dignified demonstrators and their cause and to be repulsed by their boorish a n d brutal white attackers and what we were told they represented. Pierce says that indeed there were white working-class people w h o saw their way of life threatened and acted in an undignified a n d intemperate and violent way. The media were quick to record it and place it in a context--in a story line--that appealed to what Pierce calls t h e “innate white sense of propriety and fairness.” The media t h e n transmitted these carefully selected scenes of white resistance to racial integration along with particular interpretations of what was h a p p e n i n g over and over and over again. The white people who saw on t h e i r television screens and read about what their own people were doing w e r e embarrassed by it and felt guilty over it. Pierce says that the media m a d e the whole idea of resistance to racial integration shame- and guilt-inducing to most white people. Pierce says the media paired up names, labels, for what whites w e r e seeing and hearing and reading and feeling during the civil rights revolution: racism, and racist. The media associated racism with w h i t e resistance to the civil rights organizations. Again and again and again t h e y paired up white resistance to a single idea/explanation--racism. Again a n d again, the media paired the image of the roughneck white opponent of civil rights being portrayed on the screen or in print with a label/identity of racist. After a time, Pierce says, the words themselves—“racism,” “racist”--came to evoke pangs of revulsion and guilt on their own, just as the s o u n d of a dinner bell resulted in Pavlov's dogs salivating. The media h a d created a conditioned response to the word racism. Now, claims Pierce, all

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anybody has to do to get whites to turn pale, become apologetic, and give in is call them racist. People don't have to argue the facts with whites, h e says; all they have to do is push the right emotional button. If they r i n g the "racist bell," whites--even the most rugged and proudest of w h i t e s - will bow their heads and put their tails between their legs and let people have their way with them. Pierce says the media could have worked the conditioning t h e opposite way if they had wanted to by associating different things w i t h white resistance to the civil rights movement. For instance, they could have presented interviews with middle class whites--professional people, academics, artists and writers, philosophers--who believed in white racial and cultural integrity and who would have pointed out the negative impact on countries like Puerto Rico, Brazil, and Portugal when the races w e r e mixed together. The media could have shown what happened to w h i t e schools and neighborhoods after an infusion of blacks, the decay a n d disorder and crime. They could have interviewed white women raped b y blacks. They could have presented case studies of whites girls who m a t e d with black boys they met in school and shown us their mixed-race children and let us see how we really felt about that. But of course they didn't d o that. That wasn't consistent with the program. During this time and since, according to Pierce, the schools joined t h e campaign of re-shaping white attitudes. The curriculum kept s t u d e n t s from understanding the rationale for segregation. Instead, segregation w a s linked to mindless hatred and oppression. History was de-Europeanized and infused with the real and imaginary accomplishments of non-whites. The churches also got into the act of decrying racism and promoting a multiracial society. And for their part, white politicians pandered t o minority interests and lectured to their own people about how they m u s t share their lives with minorities and to give them anything they w a n t e d . All three of these segments of the society--the schools, churches, a n d politicians--offers Pierce, promoted the idea that anyone opposed to a n integrated society was evil and irrational, that is to say, a racist. The only thing that operated against this wave of cultural re-shaping of whites, s a y s Pierce, is the actual physical presence of blacks so that people could experience for themselves the glaring contradictions between the theory of racial equality and the reality of racial differences. Pierce notes that race has become such a hot-button issue that it is very difficult to discuss it rationally at the present time. He says talking about race today must be how it was for Presbyterians to talk about sex a century ago. He says he gets letters and messages from white people w h o say he ought to be killed for advocating separation of the races a n d opposing miscegenation. As difficult as it is to do, whites n e v e r t h e l e s s must think and talk about race rationally and honestly, Pierce asserts.

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They must not be embarrassed about it and feel guilty about it. They m u s t be willing to entertain the idea that wanting to live and work among t h e i r own people is a natural, healthy feeling they were born with. Nature g a v e whites that impulse so that they could evolve as a race. Living a m o n g their own allows them to develop special characteristics and abilities t h a t set them apart from every other race. Living with their own is essential t o their survival as a race. What is irrational and destructive is the v e r y thing that is being pushed upon them--a multiracial, culturally conglomerate society and way of life. It is going to take determination f o r whites to open up their eyes and their minds to reality, and more courage than they have shown in the past to begin to report to the world what t h e y truly believe. But that is what whites must do. Pierce says that whites are being controlled by their fear of being smeared as racists if they disagree with the orthodoxy about race in t h i s country. In a Free Speech article called "The Importance of Courage," Pierce talks about how he has dealt with the challenge of overcoming h i s own timidity when confronting the possibility of being called a racist. I’m sorry to say that I’ve seen that same sort of timidity in myself. When interviewers have asked me whether or not I am a racist, I have responded by asking, “Well, what do y o u mean by the word ‘racist’?” I’ve tried to wriggle out of giving a direct answer to the question... I have resolved not to try to wriggle away from saying exactly what I believe when someone asks me whether or not I am a racist [because] it’s pretty clear what the i n t e r v i e w e r s have in mind when they ask me whether or not I am a racist. These days anyone is a racist who refuses to deny t h e abundantly clear evidence that there are inherited differences in behavior, intelligence, and attitudes....A racist is any White person who prefers to live among other Whites instead of among non-Whites and prefers to send his children to White schools. A racist is any White person who feels a sense of identity with, a sense of belonging to, his own tribe, his o w n people, his own race, and who shows an interest in his race’s history, heroes, culture, and folkways...A White racist is a person who finds the members of his own race more attractive physically than members of other races and who is instinctively repulsed by the idea of racial intermarriage or b y the sight of a White person intimately involved with a n o n White...A racist is a White person who is disgusted with t h e multiracial cesspool that America is becoming.... Yes, I am a racist.2

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Pierce applies basically the same analysis to the hater label as he did t o the racist characterization--that it is a product of conditioning, linking a label charged with a negative emotion to people or organizations in o r d e r to discredit them. They [the media] always use the word “hate” in writing about me or the National Alliance....What they are deliberately trying to do is create an association in the mind of the a v e r a g e reader or television viewer between any mention of me or m y organization and the emotion of hatred....It is an irrational, Pavlovian sort of thing, because the National Alliance is not a hate group but instead a group dedicated to the welfare a n d progress of our people. But clearly there are folks out t h e r e who feel threatened by such effort: folks who regard a n y activity aimed at building a sense of racial solidarity and racial consciousness among Europeans as a threat to themselves....They don’t come right out and say they a r e opposed to White people regaining an understanding of o u r roots and an appreciation for our own unique qualities in a rapidly darkening world and a sense of responsibility for t h e future of our people....They attempt to use psychological trickery to keep our people confused and disorganized. T h e y don’t want us thinking clearly about what is in our o w n interest and what is not. They deliberately attempt to incite hatred against me and others who are concerned about t h e future of our people....3 Pierce claims as a matter of fact, and as ironic as it may seem, that h e is the target of a hate campaign. He says that those who oppose h i m - - a n d here I believe he is primarily talking about the mass media generally, a n d the Anti-Defamation League, the Simon Wiesenthal Foundation, and t h e Southern Poverty Law Center in particular--use the pretense of “combating hate” in order to create hate against him. He contends that they call him a hater to make him appear to be such an irrational and dangerous individual that it is all right for decent people to hate him for it. He s a y s that he gets a significant amount of what he would call hate mail. In one of his Free Speech articles, Pierce responded to the charge that he is a hater: Whenever I look at what has happened to our cities and o u r schools during the past 30 or 40 years, I cannot suppress m y

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feeling of hostility toward the Blacks, mestizos, and Asians w h o have made so much of our country an enemy-occupied wasteland. I feel a surge of anger every time I see a n o n White face on television or in an advertisement. Thirty o r forty years ago, before all the new civil rights laws gave them a privileged status and when there were 25 or 30 million f e w e r of them in the country, I didn’t feel this hostility. I figured that we could each stay in our own communities and w e wouldn’t get in each other’s way. But now I want them out of our country, out of our living space. But even so, my hostility toward these non-Whites who are overrunning my world is n o t the nasty sort of hatred, embellished with obscenity that I s e e expressed in the hate letters I receive.... My feeling toward the Jewish media bosses--and all t h e clever little Jewish propagandists who write news stories a b o u t so-called “hate groups” in an attempt to make ordinary people hate me--is much closer to real hatred. Over the years t h e y have done enormous damage to our people with t h e i r poisonous propaganda, and they aspire to do even more.... But I reserve my most heartfelt hatred for t h e collaborators among my own people...who consciously a n d deliberately betray their own people, lie to their own people, i n order to gain advantage for themselves--the politicians, generals, public officials, clergymen, professors, writers, businessmen, and publicists....There is no fire in hell hot e n o u g h to punish these traitors, and there will be no place for them t o hide when the day of retribution comes.... Yes, I hate traitors, I hate liars and deceivers, and I cannot say that I feel at all apologetic about the fact that I h a t e them. Hate may be an unpleasant sort of emotion, but it c a n serve a good purpose, and that is why Mother Nature gave u s the capability to hate. It is one of the faculties which protects us from traitors and deceivers by ensuring that we will w e e d them from our midst when we catch them, instead of forgiving them and giving them a chance to betray us again. Nevertheless I reject the label “hater,” with which t h e real hatemongers have tried to brand me. I spend very little of my time hating and a great deal of my time spreading understanding with the hope that it will benefit my people. 4 Pierce calls the current crusade against hate an attempt to shut u p dissenters and to criminalize political thought.

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They invented the terms “hate crime” and “hate speech” only a little over a decade ago--unless one wants to give t h e credit to George Orwell, who popularized the essentially identical concept of “thought crime” in 1948, with his futuristic novel 1984....The idea of a hate crime is a crime defined b y what the offender was thinking when he committed an a c t rather than the act itself....Once they forced the country t o accept the idea of thought crimes, they found it much easier t o have actual legislation passed which set penalties for various acts depending on what the offender was assumed to h a v e been thinking at the time. And in order to establish what t h e offender was thinking, the government could examine h i s private correspondence. They could examine the ideological content of any books or magazines found in his residence. They could explore his religious, social, and political associations. All of these things could be used as evidence against him in court. It’s hard to see how new laws against vandalism o r beating up homosexuals can accomplish much, since vandalism and assault already are illegal and have been for a long time. It doesn’t really help their campaign much to elevate t h e s e offenses from the realm of ordinary crimes to the realm of political crimes--and you know that is what all of these s o called “hate crimes” are: they are political crimes.5 What Pierce thinks the campaign against hate crimes is really a b o u t is to get the public in a mindset such that they will go along with h a t e speech laws that would deny him and others like him the right to e x p r e s s their social and political views. He points to laws against hate speech i n Canada, Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland as the kind of thing t h a t his adversaries want to enact in this country. He says their aim is t o silence people like him who are critical of the social and racial policies t h e government is adopting. If these kinds of laws were passed in t h i s country, Pierce believes his radio program, Free Speech, and his web site would be shut down. In late 1999 I was with Pierce in Munich, Germany, where he had traveled to give a speech at a rally of the National Democratic Party (NPD). As I listened to his speech, I was taken b y Pierce’s lack of any explicit reference to Jews. Instead, he spoke of “the enemies of our people” and the like. After his speech, I asked him why t h e euphemisms. He replied that he felt he didn’t dare directly refer to Jews in a negative way lest he run up against Germany’s hate speech laws. Pierce believes that all the hate-crime talk and the examples that a r e cited--always the crimes are whites against minorities, never the o t h e r

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way around--and the cries for tolerance are a "white guilt" campaign designed to intimidate and soften up the "average Joe," as he calls t h e typical white person. In a radio program called "Odysseus' Way,” Pierce refers to a magazine editorial that he has kept in his files since 1 9 5 5 entitled "Should Hate Be Outlawed?". (How many of us keep editorials o n file for forty-five years?) Pierce said the editorial is by an "unusually bold Gentile writer" and is as applicable today as it was when it w a s written nearly half a century ago. Pierce offered an excerpt to h i s listeners: On billboards, on bus and subway posters, in n e w s p a p e r s and magazines, through radio and television broadcasts, Americans are being assured and reassured, both subtly a n d boldly, that "Bigotry is fascism. . . Only Brotherhood can s a v e our nation . . . We must be tolerant of all!" The long-range effects of this [anti-fascist propaganda] campaign are even n o w evident. It is producing the "spineless citizen": the man w h o has no cultural sensibilities; who is incapable of indignation; whose sole mental activity is merely an extension of what h e reads in the newspaper or sees on the television screen; w h o faces moral disaster in his neighborhood, political disaster i n his country, and an impending world catastrophe with a b l a n k and smiling countenance. He has only understanding for t h e enemies of his country. He has nothing but kind sentiments f o r those who would destroy his home and family. He has a n earnest sympathy for anyone who would obliterate his faith. He is universally tolerant. He is totally unprejudiced. If he h a s any principles, he keeps them well concealed, lest i n advertising them he should seem to indicate that c o n t r a r y principles might be inferior. He is, to the extent of his abilities, exactly like the next citizen, who, he trusts, is trying to b e exactly like him: a faceless, characterless putty-man. 6 Pierce says the "anti-fascist" and "tolerance" campaign has b e e n carried on unabatedly since the time of this editorial and has been v e r y successful. The degree to which Americans live a spineless and principleless existence out of fear that they will be considered haters has r e a c h e d what Pierce calls a "terminal state." 7 The average white person has b e e n remodeled into a deferring, passive, tolerant-of-whatever-he-is-told-totolerate...putty-man.

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2 4 ____________ SCHOOLING Pierce was on a university faculty for three years and still cares a g r e a t deal about education. His critique of American schooling reveals m u c h about the way he sees American society in general. In a recent article i n Free Speech entitled “The School Problem,” he argues that schools h a v e three fundamental missions in a society of the sort he envisions. I believe he primarily has elementary and secondary education in mind in t h e following quoted material. First, schools pass on a people’s cultural, intellectual, a n d spiritual heritage from one generation to the next. By teaching to children the language, literature, history, and traditions of a people--by teaching children about their people’s heroes a n d legends and achievements and mores--the schools help t o assure cultural continuity, among other things. And t h e y provide a sense of racial and cultural identity. They enable a child to define himself relative to his people and to the rest of the world. Second, schools teach technique; they help children acquire the knowledge and skills needed for them to become productive and self-supporting members of their society, whether those skills are welding, computer programming, accounting, or household management. They teach the child o r the young adult techniques which will be useful to him or t o society: how to play a musical instrument, how to type, how t o repair a motor vehicle, how to fight with and without weapons, how to draw, how to swim, how to raise children, how to g r o w food, how to build a house. And third, schools train and develop character i n children, so that they will grow up to be the strongest and m o s t valuable citizens that their genetic inheritance allows. T h e schools challenge, test, and condition children; they force t h e child to exercise his will, to discipline himself, to e n d u r e discomfort, to make plans and carry them out, to overcome fears, to accept responsibility, to learn the consequences of failure, to be truthful, to act honorably, and generally t o

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develop and strengthen those traits of character valued by h i s society. 1 Using the achievement of these three missions with white children a s the standard of assessment, America’s schools just aren’t measuring u p , Pierce asserts. And why aren’t they? Pierce argues that three “isms” a r e getting in the way: namely, multiculturalism, egalitarianism, and feminism. He says these three ideologies are solidly entrenched in the minds of t h e powerful "progressive" faction within the education establishment a n d serve its overall agenda. For a long time, of course, the more "progressive" e l e m e n t s - that is, the nuttier elements--in America's educational establishment have been fretting about exposing young people to all of the racist, sexist, homophobic, and elitist influences inherent in the writings of White authors from generations less Politically Correct than our own. These include all the w r i t e r s whose works American schoolchildren traditionally have read: Homer, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Dickens, Tennyson, a n d Kipling. They are hateful people when viewed from a Politically Correct perspective. I mean, Homer and Chaucer completely ignored Blacks, as if they didn't exist! And Shakespeare made a number of very insensitive references t o Jews. Kipling was an unabashed White supremacist. And t h e y were all elitists: not an egalitarian among them. “Progressive” educators have skirted this problem by censoring the works of White writers before presenting them to students, keeping t h e more objectionable works out of sight. 2 According to Pierce, multiculturalism, egalitarianism, and feminism operate under a division-of-labor arrangement in our schools, e a c h specializing, as it were, in obstructing the attainment of one of the t h r e e fundamental missions of schooling: multiculturalism impedes the transmission of white children’s Western, European heritage; egalitarianism undercuts the attainment of the acquisition of knowledge and skills; and feminism undermines the development of character. I n "The School Problem," Pierce outlines in turn how the fulfillment of e a c h mission is subverted. Pierce says that schools are not even trying to pass on a European, o r even American, identity and sense of connectedness to the next generation of white people. The reigning ideology of multiculturalism, says Pierce, pushes for a multi-racial, “diverse” society, in which all cultures a r e

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equally valuable. Multiculturalists are not about to single out W e s t e r n traditions for special attention or praise. The result is that no culture is taught in depth, and students come away with a few superficial facts a n d generalizations about a number of cultures. What white youngsters d o manage to learn about their own heritage isn’t likely to make them feel very good about it, because despite their rhetoric, multiculturalists have a negative view of the West generally and Euro-American traditions a n d history in particular. Multiculturalists don't want to encourage t h e development of racial consciousness and loyalty among white y o u n g s t e r s - among minority youngsters, yes, but among white youngsters m o s t certainly not. In today's schools, white students are deluged by tales of their oppressive and exploitative ancestors--especially the men a m o n g them. After year upon year of exposure to this kind of schooling, w h i t e children become instilled with a negative and very distorted view of t h e i r own people and feelings of guilt. Pierce says that some of the charter schools set up for black children do a better job of providing for racial and cultural continuity than t h e schools white children attend. (Charter schools are public schools which are allowed to operate independently of most outside bureaucratic control.) He tells of a newspaper article which describes black children i n such a school dressed in traditional African garb and, with clenched fists, pledging allegiance to their fellow Africans. “If a White school tried w i t h equal fervor to instill a sense of European racial consciousness in i t s students,” Pierce asserts, “the government would be all over the school with subpoenas in a minute.” 3 And then there is egalitarianism--the belief in the essential equality of all individuals and groups--and its impact on the schools. Pierce s a y s that imparting knowledge and technique is what schools do best. But t h e y don’t do it nearly as well as they could because their egalitarian “articles of faith” lead them to refuse to recognize distinctions among people a n d consequently attempt to fit everyone into the same mold. “It used to b e that we weren’t afraid to recognize the differences in people,” Pierce points out. “We understood that some people would grow up to be welders, construction workers, or farmers; and some would be mathematicians, poets, or rocket scientists. We also understood that shop courses m a d e more sense for boys than girls, and that girls needed home economics courses more than boys did.” 4 In prior times, Pierce points out, we acknowledged the obvious reality that some students were academically more capable than others. He contends that this fact of human existence has been a source of g r e a t anguish to the egalitarians, and that they have come up with ways to g e t around it. What do they do? They water down the curriculum. T h e y

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disparage and downplay the importance of intellectual pursuits. They lower academic standards. They do away with rigorous, objective tests of achievement. Then, with all that in place, every student can succeed--at least as the egalitarians have defined success--and the myth of h u m a n equality can be maintained. The egalitarians have been able to p e r p e t u a t e the comforting but false notion of human equality in their own m i n d s - they desperately want it to be true--as well as in the minds of others. T h e big problem, however, is that, whether they realize it or not, they h a v e done it at the cost of academic excellence. Pierce says that it is a fact that, on average, black students a r e significantly less capable than whites of handling a traditional curriculum. But no one dares say it--or, for that matter, even speculate about t h e possibility that there might be racial differences in intellectual functioning--for fear of being called a racist. No matter how m u c h research evidence is marshaled to support the conclusion that blacks as a group have lower intelligence, no matter how much evidence we take i n with our own senses, the egalitarians hang onto their belief that the ra c e s are exactly the same in this regard and insist that everyone else does too. Pierce says that egalitarians can be counted on to manipulate reality t o make it appear that their beliefs are valid. If white children are in a school with large numbers of black children it is safe to bet that t h e curriculum, academic standards, and assessment mechanisms will h a v e been adjusted to ensure that white performance will be brought back t o the level of the black students. Pierce argues that along with our refusal to recognize intellectual differences among the races, we also refuse to recognize attitudinal a n d behavioral differences among them. Blacks on the whole, claims Pierce, have lower self-control and a greater propensity to be disorderly a n d violent. As the schools have been integrated, Pierce asserts, they h a v e brought these problems with them to the classrooms white s t u d e n t s attend. Pierce says it is true blacks change their values and behavior i n the direction of white patterns to some extent when they are mixed w i t h whites. But it works the other way too, contends Pierce: whites begin moving toward black norms. White youth educated with blacks can b e predicted to be less academically oriented, more disruptive, and m o r e violent than their forebears who did not have the “benefits” of d i v e r s i t y - so Pierce argues. Pierce claims that most whites have been so “sensitized” a n d brainwashed that they have a very hard time dealing with racial realities. They see the problems in urban schools with drugs and gangs and p o o r attitudes toward schoolwork and yet refuse to acknowledge the racial dimension of the problems. They have bought into the false egalitarian myth of the absence of racial differences in anything other than skin color.

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Although then again, Pierce notes, when white people are looking for s a f e r and better schools for their children, they seek out whiter schools for t h e i r children, even if they can’t fully admit to themselves that that is what t h e y are doing. So maybe they haven't been totally brainwashed after all. And then there is feminism and its impact on educational practice. Pierce informs us that over the past few decades, feminists have gained great influence within the education establishment. “And let me tell you,” he proclaims, “if there is any bunch of people in this country with wackier and more destructive ideas than the racial egalitarians, it is the feminists.” 5 Pierce says the feminists see traditional educational practice as a m a l e oriented way of operating, and they are bent on changing things over t o bring them in line with a female way of looking at the world and dealing with it. Feminists, for example, always have been against competition. They regard competitiveness as a masculine trait, and they try to discourage it in every way they can. They a r e in league with the racial egalitarians in pushing for an end t o the grading of students. Setting precise standards and t h e n grading students numerically according to their p e r f o r m a n c e relative to those standards is anathema to them. They see it a s psychologically damaging to the students--especially to t h o s e who make low scores. They much prefer a warm and fuzzy approach to evaluating students. Their goal for the classroom is cooperation, as opposed to what they like to refer a s “cutthroat” competition. They love committees and work groups and consensus. They want to see the students deal w i t h learning as a group, with the brighter students helping t h e duller students. They like to see problems talked to death in a group. It’s not really stretching their ideas very far to say t h a t whenever the members of a student group disagree about a problem, the feminists would like to see the students vote o n the correct answer. They really do have a different view of t h e nature of reality. The feminists also don’t like to see a strong emphasis o n rules. It destroys creativity, they believe. Rules and details should be relegated to a secondary position, and s t u d e n t s should be given the “big picture” instead. They should be a b l e to talk about a subject in broad terms without worrying too much about the details. And the feminists don’t much care f o r an analytical approach to any subject. Analysis is too masculine. 6

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Pierce contends that the effectiveness of feminism’s efforts to d e emphasize competition in our schools can be seen in our diminished competitive spirit in this country compared to prior times and in t h e growing softness and wimpishness of so many young white men. Pierce says it is important to see how everything ties together; since the m e d i a are enamored of anything that weakens white people, and feminism d o e s that, it explains why the media have, in Pierce's words, “tried to r a m feminist propaganda down our throats.” 7 So there it is: Pierce thinks that multiculturalism prevents t h e passing on of European culture and identity to the next generation; egalitarianism has wrecked our standards, undermined discipline, a n d corrupted our curriculum; and feminism has nullified the c h a r a c t e r building task of the schools. Pierce acknowledges that this analysis is a n oversimplification, but still, he contends, it gets at the heart of the m a t t e r if one shares his concern for the fate of European-American children. It must be said that Pierce is far from alone in his basic a s s e s s m e n t of the ills of American education. A number of outspoken critics on t h e right share Pierces concerns about the impact of multiculturalism, egalitarianism, and feminism on America’s schooling specifically, and a b o u t progressive education generally. However, I know of no other analyst w h o explicitly brings the racial angle to his arguments as Pierce does. A n d Pierce is the only one I know about who openly expresses his belief t h a t the education that promotes the level of cultural identity and continuity among white people he wants to see can only occur in racially homogeneous schools. Ironically, Pierce puts forth the same arguments i n making this case as do a number of African American educators who h a v e long advocated separate schools for black children geared to helping t h e m develop a sense of African and black racial consciousness and pride a n d commitment. Pierce says that it is indicative of what is going on i n America that there are such schools for black children supported w i t h public dollars, but that any attempt to create these very same kind of schools, private or public, for white children is immediately and vigorously condemned as “racist” and “white supremacist” and shut down. A North Carolina television news reporter came to West Virginia t o interview Pierce. While he was at the property, the reporter asked Pierce to show him an example of the children’s books Pierce distributes t h r o u g h his National Vanguard Books catalog. Pierce responded by showing him a copy of an illustrated edition of Aesop’s Fables. The reporter flipped through the pages and asked Pierce, “What is this all about?” It turned o u t that this young reporter had never heard of Aesop or his fables.

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Pierce told the reporter that it was a collection of stories, each with a moral, attributed to the Greek writer Aesop, who lived around 600 B.C.. Recalling that exchange, Pierce says that at first he was surprised at t h e reporter’s unfamiliarity with the Aesop material but now realizes that h e shouldn’t have been. In recent times neither schools nor parents see a n y need to introduce white children to the stories of Aesop, or to the Brothers Grimm and the others of that sort, that earlier generations of w h i t e children read or had read to them. When I was a kid one of the special charms that Aesop’s Fables held for me was the knowledge that Alexander the Great had read exactly these same stories when he was a child, m o r e than 2,300 years ago. When I read the fable about the dog i n the manger or the one about the shepherd boy who cried “wolf” and thought about the lessons these fables taught, it thrilled me to think that every great man in our history, for t h o u s a n d s of years, had read these same stories when he was a child a n d learned the same lessons. But not any longer. These fables are...Eurocentric...and s o today they are all “no-nos” for White children--which is w h y we have a White population in America which is increasingly rootless, cosmopolitan, alienated, and atomized--a White population which is unable to defend its heritage or to oppose those whose aim is to destroy that heritage, because they h a v e no knowledge of their heritage, and who believe that a n y o n e who values that heritage must be a “hater” or a “racist.”8 When I was in West Virginia, I saw one of the children’s books t h a t Pierce distributes on Bob DeMarais’ desk and borrowed it to see what k i n d of books Pierce thought appropriate for young children. It was called Annie and the Wild Animals, and it was written and illustrated by J a n Brett. 9 It was published in 1985 by Houghton Mifflin, a major American publishing house. The book looked to me to be something that could b e used in the early grades in schools or that parents could read to t h e i r three-to-six-year-old children in twenty minutes or so--it was mostly pictures. Annie is a little blond girl of four or five who lives in the c o u n t r y and whose cat disappears one winter. With her cat gone, Annie makes a connection with a variety of woodland animals. When spring comes, Annie finds her cat along with a litter of newborn kittens in the woods as all t h e other animals she has met look on. I could see why Pierce would favor Annie and the Wild Animals. A little white girl, embedded in a natural world, not a concrete-and-steel

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world. Annie’s was a calm world, not a jangly world. Annie directly encounters life; she wasn’t living a media-infused, Sesame S t r e e t / v i d e o game/Disney film existence. And there was a timelessness to the story: i t could have taken place yesterday or twenty years ago or a hundred y e a r s ago. It wasn’t about the hip-hop, bang-bang-bang, go-go-go world of today. It is how Pierce--unrealistically, some would say--thinks w h i t e children ought to live. In a radio broadcast back called “Brainwashing in America,” Pierce s p o k e to the issue of university education. 10 He told his audience that he h a d been a university professor during the turbulent 1960s. This was a t i m e marked by the powerful emergence of the so-called counterculture, w i t h its hostility to authority, friendliness to drugs and recreational sex, a n d encouragement to people to do whatever felt good to them at the m o m e n t These were also the years of the civil rights revolution--Pierce says blacks were “demonstrating and generally raising hell”--and the anti-Vietnam war movement. Pierce told his listeners that he divided his colleagues on the faculty into four categories on the basis of how they related to all that w a s happening on campus in those years. First, Pierce said, there were the “Trendies.” These were t h e unthinking liberals--in contrast to the second group, the more reflective, doctrinaire liberals and radical leftists (I’ll call them “Lefties”). The Trendies were disposed to believe whatever was fashionable, said Pierce. They were the ones who held a moistened forefinger up to the breeze of propaganda coming from their television screens and orating colleagues, and adjusted their views accordingly. Then, the third of Pierce's categories, there were the Jews, who, noted Pierce, are more numerous on college campuses than in the general population. The Jews were “up to their necks in civil rights activities,” Pierce pointed out--organizing committees to hire more non-white faculty members and recruit non-white students, demanding that the u n i v e r s i t y trustees get rid of their investments in South Africa, and marching a n d demonstrating and writing letters to the editor and opinion pieces. Jews were also very active in the anti-war movement because, claimed Pierce, unlike World War II, they didn't see their interests being served i n Vietnam. And Jews were very prominent among those pushing countercultural values--personal license, disrespect for social convention, and the rest. These values subverted morality and order in white society, and the prospect of that turn of events has great appeal to Jews, s a i d Pierce. As a result of the activities of the Lefties, the Trendies, and the Jews, Pierce alleged, there was a lowering of hiring and student r e c r u i t m e n t

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standards, a lowering of academic standards, and the subordination of t h e educational mission of the university to a leftist political agenda. Later on, Pierce said, the feminists and gay rights activists got on board and t h e university became the bastion of Political Correctness (he a l w a y s capitalizes that term) that it is today. Pierce doesn’t have a name for the fourth category of faculty w i t h whom he worked at the university, but based on how he describes t h e m , I’ll give them a label--“Timids.” The Timids were the faculty m e m b e r s who weren’t taken in by what was going on--they knew what was u p - - b u t they were not willing to express their views openly or to oppose t h e confirmed Lefties, the trendy liberals, and the vocal Jews (with the first and third categories often being the same people). Pierce said the Timids would say one thing privately and another thing publicly. Pierce said h e thinks that these faculty were unduly afraid of the consequences t o themselves of taking on the Lefties, Trendies, and Jews and ended u p acting in dishonest--and to Pierce’s way of thinking, dishonorable--ways. Pierce acknowledges that the Timids did have some reason to b e concerned about their welfare if they spoke up. Their careers could h a v e been affected if they went up against certain people--tenure and promotions decisions could go against them, salary increases could b e denied, and prime teaching assignments could be given to someone else. And too, Pierce reported, there was some physical intimidation--tireslashing, disruptions of classes, threats of violence, those kinds of things. And then of course there was the disdain and ridicule that would h a v e been directed at the Timids if they had spoken up or failed to go along with what the Lefties, Trendies, and Jews wanted done. As I was listening to the tape of Pierce’s broadcast, I thought of o n e other possible reason for the silence of the Timids. To the degree t h a t Pierce is right, that many people on the right stayed silent and inactive during the 1960s, it could have been that they simply didn’t want to live with not being liked and approved and accepted by those on the left. I have observed an interesting difference between those on the political right and political left. Characteristically, those on the right, for w h a t e v e r reason, want to be liked and approved by those on the left. In contrast, those on the left could not care less whether those on the right like t h e m or approve of what they say or do. They don’t give two seconds t o worrying about what somebody on the right is going to think of t h e m before saying or doing something. If that is true, the prospect of being confronted by the disapproval, disagreement, or cold shoulder from t h e i r liberal and leftist colleagues may well be enough to keep conservative a n d rightist faculty members silent, inactive, and acquiescent, or even l e a d them actively to support goings-on which are contrary to their beliefs.

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Whatever the reason for it, faculty who opposed the corruption of the university didn’t speak out or display any measure of solidarity i n those years, said Pierce. He contended that if they had been bolder a n d had stood together they would have been able to prevail in m a n y instances. Especially they would have prevailed if the Trendies had b e e n rooted enough as people to do more than align themselves with w h a t e v e r happened to be in the wind at the moment. But the Timids sat tight a n d the Trendies went along with what was fashionable, and the result h a s been the tyranny of political correctness in American higher education. Pierce said the modern university has become “an enemy asset.” 11 But honesty and courage at the right time, he asserted, thirty years ago w h e n all of this was catching hold, could have prevented what he views as a great tragedy. Pierce expressed intense disdain for modern-day academics w h o oppose what is going on in the university but won’t fight against it, employing the strongest language when describing them I have h e a r d from him. “They are lickspittles [servile flatterers, toadies] and hypocrites, liars and wimps, without the slightest trace of manliness, honor, or selfrespect,” he declared. “They teach doctrines which they know are false. They grovel at the feet of the Jews and other minorities in order to k e e p their jobs. They present the worst possible example to young people. It is pitiful to behold, truly disgusting.” 1 2 In the “Brainwashing in America” broadcast, Pierce reported that, i n an address to the faculty, the president of Rutgers University pointed o u t that on the average blacks possibly may not have the genetic qualities t o meet the same standards set for white students. Pierce said the m e d i a picked it up and there were calls for the president’s head. But instead of the Rutgers president defending what he said and backing it up w i t h evidence, he began groveling and apologizing, whining and begging, a n d going on about how he hadn’t really meant what he said. “Truly pathetic,” snarled Pierce. Pierce says that traditionally universities have had two purposes. The first has been--and, to his mind, still should be--to train scholars: mathematicians, chemists, historians, philosophers, and so on. The second purpose has been to instill in a leadership elite of young people a sense of commitment to their civilization so that they could maintain and add to it. “The civilization that our universities were a part of was unmistakably a n d unapologetically Western,” he argues, “which is to say, European--or, if y o u prefer, White.” 1 3 Pierce says that one can still get a technical education in an American university, by which he means in fields such as engineering and medicine.

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What isn’t available now, however, according to him, is the kind of liberal education he favors, one that transmits knowledge about our W e s t e r n heritage and invokes a sense of responsibility to contribute to the survival and improvement of our culture and our race. Pierce says today’s universities are in the business of indoctrinating students with a party line that is anti-white, anti-European, and anti-Western. He believes universities have become weapons to destroy white European culture. I n post-secondary education, Shakespeare and Milton are out a n d contemporary black writers (Toni Morrison, Maya Angelou) and p o p culture courses (“The Gangster Film”) are in. Students raised on television and permissiveness and most likely not among the elite academically-these days, mediocre high school students fill up colleges eager to t a k e their tuition money--too often choose the fun courses, the trendy courses, the trivial courses, instead of the serious, demanding ones. Pierce particularly decries the state of history and literature i n modern universities. These are the subjects where the "Red Guards," as h e calls them, have most left their mark. He says he knows why that is t h e case. History is an inherently racist subject...because, in the first place, it involves the study of what peoples and individuals have actually done, not what the theorists of democracy a n d equality would like to have us believe they have done. History gives us continuing proof of the fact that there is no equality i n the world. It is the record of heroic accomplishment a n d outstanding virtue on the part of some, contrasted with t h e chronic ineptitude and appalling iniquity on the part of others. In the second place, it provides the indispensable basis for a sense of peoplehood, a sense of rootedness, a sense of racial identity. It is not something you want to spread around w h e n you are trying to reduce a population to a mass of rootless, cosmopolitan, interchangeable human atoms.... And literature...well, that's at least as dangerous a s history. Who can read the Iliad without his blood beginning t o race and without feeling a connection to those ancient people and events? Who cannot be moved by the same spirit t h a t moved Homer? And that spirit has nothing to do with t h e sickly spirit of democracy and equality. And then t h e r e ' s Shakespeare! There was never a man who observed t h e human condition with truer eye than he....The great danger i n literature--in real literature, in great literature--for the democrats and the egalitarians is that it helps us to u n d e r s t a n d ourselves in the context of our people. It helps us to complete

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ourselves and become whole. It extends our horizons, helps u s see the big picture. It gives us ideals, models--and t h o s e ideals, in our literature, are not egalitarian ideals. Nor are t h e models Politically Correct: in fact, they are much more likely t o be heroes than democrats. 1 4 Over the past quarter century, Pierce in his various publications-Attack!, National Vanguard, and Free Speech--has given over much space to articles devoted to the history to the white race. Examples include “The Celts: Their Origins and Pre-History,” “Leonidas and the Spartan Ethos,” “Sven Hedin: Last of the Vikings,” and “Denis Kearney and the Struggle f o r a White America.” (Kearney was an organizer of white workers i n California in the 1870s.) Pierce has also printed pieces on writers a n d artists with a strong white racial consciousness such as Knut Hamsun, A r n o Breker, Aldous Huxley, and Rudyard Kipling. 15 Many other examples could be cited--political leaders, inventors, military figures, explorers, and s o forth, both well-known and obscure, whom Pierce views as being important in the journey taken thus far by the white race and useful a s guides and as inspiration for white people now living as they (he hopes) carry on the race’s upward advance. I don’t know whether Pierce is familiar with it, but his approach t o white racial studies links him to a new academic trend in universities known as whiteness studies--although his focus on what he considers to b e the exemplary aspects of the white experience contrasts with that of t h e other practitioners in this field. Scholars in the field of whiteness studies fall into one of two camps: those who concern themselves with the culture of “white trash”; and those whose goal is to “problematize” whiteness, t h a t is to say, examine it either as a means of purging it of its most negative qualities--racism, for example--or of eliminating it as an individual o r group identity. An example of the first camp is a book called White Trash. 16 This volume includes an interview by Northwestern University professor L a u r a Kipnis of one Jennifer Reeder, who revels in her “white trash” identity. Says Reeder, “I am busty, and I am loud, and I love bad taste. I a m b a d taste.” The book also contains essays on slasher movies, Elvis worship, hillbilly lore, and country music. In the second camp are scholars such a s historian Noel Ignatiev. Ignatiev edits a journal called Race Traitor w h o s e motto is “treason to whiteness is loyalty to humanity.” He says t h a t studying whiteness is merely a necessary stage en route to what he t e r m s “the abolition of whiteness.” "There is no such thing as white culture,” Ignatiev maintains. “Without the privileges attached to it, the white r a c e

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would not exist, and white skin would have no more social significance than big feet.”1 7 Examples of whiteness studies are springing up around the country. Students at Macalaster College in St. Paul, Minnesota enroll in a course called “Race, Race Privilege, and Whiteness,” in which they interview t h e i r classmates about their experiences of racism and whiteness. Duke University Press has published a collection of essays entitled Displacing Whiteness. 18 In New Jersey, the Center for the Study of White American Culture devotes its efforts to helping “white Americans participate i n building a multi-racial society.” 1 9 Whiteness studies is not without its detractors, however. David Roediger, the author of the book, Towards the Abolition of Whiteness, worries that white culture will unduly come in for attention a n d affirmation. “Whiteness,” says Roediger, “describes, from Little Big Horn t o Simi Valley, not a culture but precisely the absence of culture. It is t h e empty and therefore terrifying attempt to build an identity based on w h a t Professor of African one isn’t and on whom one can hold back.” 20 American studies at Columbia University Michael Eric Dyson, whose n e x t book will be partly devoted to whiteness, says, “There’s a suspicion a m o n g African-Americans that whiteness studies is a sneaky form of narcissism. At the very moment when African-American studies and Asian-American studies and so on are really coming into their own, you have w h i t e n e s s studies shifting the focus and maybe the resources back to white people and their perspective." 2 1 And then there is the concern of Margaret Talbot, the author of a New York Times Magazine article on whiteness studies. Talbot says in her Times piece that one unsettling question to be a n s w e r e d about the field is what social good it serves to heighten Caucasian awareness if in doing so you run the risk of swelling Caucasian pride.2 2

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2 5 ____________ MEN AND WOMEN To understand what Pierce has to say about the sexes--or anything else f o r that matter--his fundamental frame of reference has to be kept in mind. Pierce is first and foremost a racialist. He looks at the world through t h e lens of race; everything he says and does is grounded there. Pierce's concern as a racialist is with the history and current and future well-being of the white race in general and white Americans or, another t e r m , European-Americans in particular. Whether or not he is misguided in t h e directions he takes, there is little doubt about Pierce’s commitment t o serve his race while he still has life in him; that is what William Pierce is about. I have never encountered anyone who is as focused in his life, a s directed, as single-minded, as Pierce is in his. All to say, race is Pierce's context--and for all practical purposes his only context--and thus when h e deals with matters related to men and women, the topic of this chapter, a s with everything else, he does so from a racial angle. Pierce's racial lens stands in stark contrast to the one typically u s e d to view matters in this area: the one which has been established b y modern feminism over the past almost-four decades. (I mark the a d v e n t of modern feminism with the publication in 1963 of the seminal book b y Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique. 1 ) Modern feminism's f u n d a m e n t a l unit of concern, of course, is not with race but rather with gender, a n d more particularly with the circumstance of women in c o n t e m p o r a r y society. It is a women's movement, not a racial movement. In fact, feminism has effectively appropriated the term gender. T h a t is, for most people, ‘gender’--which strictly speaking refers to both m e n and women--has come to mean women. These days, when people a r e informed that there will be a discussion of “gender issues,” they will naturally assume that it will be about women. If men are considered a t all, it would be reasonable to think that it will be in terms of t h e i r relationship to women, e.g., how they have impeded or furthered w o m e n ' s progress in achieving fulfilling and productive lives in this society. Another illustration, one assumes that gender studies programs i n university are women's studies in the first instance and that they a r e under the control of women and taught by them, not that they are studies of women and men equally and under the control of women and men a n d

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taught by them both. The point is that it is a women's movement, not a women-and-men's movement. In contrast to a feminist-influenced orientation, Pierce focuses o n both men and women as part of the larger whole of race. And w e ' r e talking about white men and women here. Pierce leaves it to other ra c e s to look out for themselves--which he believes they are in fact doing, a n d doing it better than whites are. Pierce sees other races as busily looking out for their own interests without the least bit of concern for how w h i t e s are faring, while guilt-ridden and do-gooder whites support their efforts and pay no mind to the fate of their own people. To Pierce's way of thinking, white men and women cannot be and should not be thought of a s separate entities, and certainly they should not be seen as competing, antagonistic groups in the way he believes the feminist perspective portrays them. Rather, as Pierce looks at it, white men and women a r e parts of a larger reality, a living organism of sorts: their race. From Pierce's perspective, men and women can only be understood if t h e i r relationship to the survival and development of their race--this l a r g e r process, this larger reality--is the primary concern. Race and not g e n d e r must be the focus, insists Pierce. Men and women, at least if one accepts Pierce’s line of thought, must above all else seek harmoniously a n d effectively to complement and support one another in carrying out t h e i r real purpose in life, a purpose they share and which is more important, more fundamental, more significant, than the fate of their individual lives or of their sex as a whole, and that is to ensure the existence and i m p r o v e the state of their kind on this earth. From Pierce's evolutionary perspective, he sees the white race, whether it realizes it or not, as being in a struggle to maintain and e n h a n c e itself. In order for the white race to do this effectively it must be strong, tough, protective, fierce, and rigorously rational--that is how Pierce looks at it. In a masculine-feminine dichotomy Pierce uses as a frame of reference, he associates the qualities just listed, toughness and s t r e n g t h and so on, with the masculine. While Pierce believes that both masculinity and femininity as he defines them are necessary to the welfare of t h e white race, he believes it particularly debilitating to his people if they lose their masculine character. It is this outlook that has led Pierce to give a great deal of attention to masculinity and men. In fact, Pierce shines t h e spotlight on men more than on women, and that in itself is a reversal of a pattern that has prevailed in recent times. Within that focus, he is particularly concerned with the ways boys are raised and the kind of m e n they become as a result. As for the raising of girls, Pierce has made it clear that he finds i t unfortunate that girls are no longer being brought up to be mothers a n d homemakers but rather to become what he views as self-indulgent

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careerists. Beyond making this general point, however, Pierce hasn’t given attention to the particulars of the ways girls are being brought up to t h e extent that he has with boys. With girls, it is more a matter of his offering comments and anecdotes here and there about what he sees going on w i t h them. Almost always these remarks are referenced in Pierce’s bottom-line concern: whether white girls someday will bring white children into t h e world and nurture them well and thereby contribute to the survival of t h e race and the achievement of what he believes to be its glorious destiny. For Pierce, it all comes down to that. Another break in the prevailing pattern, Pierce's racialist orientation has led him to call attention to the state of marriage in c o n t e m p o r a r y times, with a special emphasis on how it is carrying out its childbearing and childraising functions. To Pierce, marriage is the institution t h a t perpetuates the race. In Pierce's eyes, the marriage unit--father, mother, children--represents no less than the future of the race. Without h e a l t h y marriages, Pierce is convinced, there cannot be a healthy society or a healthy race. If marriages are sick, the society will be sick and the r a c e will be sick and perhaps even perish; that is how Pierce looks at it. For Pierce, to talk about marriage is to talk about racial life and death. I think it fair to say that the institution of marriage with a n emphasis on its childbearing and childraising functions has not been a s prominent in modern feminist thought and action as have been concerns for the personal fulfillment of women, solidarity among women, and t h e entry of women into the economic and political arenas of society. This is, of course, not to say that feminists don't care about families--they do. But it is to suggest that a concern for the nuclear family and advocacy directed at maintaining it have not been a central focus within the c o n t e m p o r a r y women's movement. Pierce’s racialist orientation shifts the concern relative to childbearing. Today, discussion tends to center around a woman’s freedom to decide whether or not to bear a child--the abortion debate. Pierce, in contrast, zeroes in on what k i n d of child a woman bears. His concern is w i t h whether a white woman gives birth to a white child or one of mixed r a c e and with the quality of that child. He approaches the family planning issue not so much from the question of how many children are brought into t h e world but rather how good they are. This orientation has lead him t o advocate eugenics as a social policy. Eugenics is the attempt to i m p r o v e the quality of a population by managing who has children and with w h o m and in what numbers. I talked to Pierce about his thinking in this regard. "I think that the white society that emerges from the chaos following the collapse of this society really needs to erect eugenics as one of t h e fundamental pillars in the new order,” Pierce told me. "It's going to h a v e

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to try to undo some of the damage thousands of years of dysgenic [harmful breeding] practices have done. We are going to have to decide w h a t qualities we want our descendants to have and then select for t h o s e qualities. “You hear this argument: ‘But you are playing God. What makes y o u think you know that it is better to have this kind of people than that k i n d of people?’ Well, in a certain sense somebody always makes the decision of what the quality of future human beings will be, whether or not t h e y realize it or acknowledge it. As for me, I have a hard time believing t h a t leaving something as important as that to the system we have n o w - - w h i c h is pretty close to chance--is better than making a rational decision a b o u t what we want and then trying to achieve it. "Back in the Stone Age, let's say, nature was very selective. We lived a much more rigorous life back then, both as individuals and a s communities. We had to do things right or we didn't survive. Nature didn't tolerate many screw-ups, and that tended to push us up t h e evolutionary path. Human beings evolved, especially in the n o r t h e r n hemisphere with its severe weather changes during the year. The p e r s o n who was too busy chasing butterflies during the summer to put away a sufficient supply of firewood and food for the winter never saw a n o t h e r summer again--simple as that. You had to be pretty tough and strong, both mentally and physically, back then. "I think we reached our peak sometime around 10,000 B.C. when w e moved into the Neolithic Age and lived a settled existence and farming became the basis of our subsistence rather than hunting and gathering. Before that, everything was on a very small scale, with small clans moving across the landscape with their animals from one area to another as t h e seasons and the hunting conditions changed. Now, however, we stayed i n one place. We built more permanent dwellings and started living i n settled communities and there was a much more elaborate division of labor and we began to see large-scale social and governmental s t r u c t u r e s and we accumulated surpluses. The result of all that was that those w h o would simply not have survived in Paleolithic times could now stay alive and breed. So I think that we began to see some dysgenics around t h a t time, and evolution slowed down. I'd say that for roughly ten t h o u s a n d years we've been going downhill as a species, and that this process h a s really speeded up in the last couple of hundred years. “It is my basic feeling that whether we are going uphill or downhill is what life is all about when you get right down to it, and that we ought t o be concerned about that and do something about it. Since we have s h o r t circuited nature I think we need to start to make up for it, and that m e a n s eugenics. We need to put ourselves in nature's place. We need to assess the genetic impact a particular social institution or pattern or policy has o n

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our race. We need to look at it from that angle. Does whatever-it-is m a k e us more fit, or less? Does it contribute to our evolution toward h i g h e r intelligence and higher consciousness? And then, when we get answers t o those questions, we need to act accordingly. “The elders in Sparta in ancient Greece, for example, would examine very young children. If the child seemed fit in every way, it was given back to the family to raise. But if the child was judged to be defective i n some way, the child was killed. I guess you could call that a form of negative eugenics. Although that is an extreme example; you don't have t o be nasty or bloodthirsty to get this done. And you don't have to compel people either, tell them that if they are an “alpha-plus” they must live in a particular neighborhood or something like that. What you can do is simply modify social arrangements so that the best people are encouraged, a r e more likely on the average, to get together and have more children t h a n the less capable. You can alter the way you collect taxes or disburse t a x revenues, for instance. You can pay attention to dysgenic influences like the welfare system, which for thirty years and more has encouraged t h e least fit among us to propagate, and the feminist ideology that has caught hold with so many of our best women and pushed careerism on them a n d downplayed the importance of family and children. You might not design a perfect system, but if you keep eugenics in mind you can make a positive impact on future generations. At least you are looking in the r i g h t direction." "I assume you are particularly concerned about the effects of miscegenation on white people." "Miscegenation is the worst kind of ‘no-no’ for our race. That is o n e place where I would have compulsion. I run into problems w i t h libertarians on this one, but I'm firm on it. But this is an exception; I t h i n k you can have 90% of the eugenic effect you want without being r e p r e s s i v e at all. It comes down to how you structure society--the types of institutions you have, the values and ideas you promote, and so on--so t h a t things tend to happen more the way you want them to rather than in a dysgenic way. People aren't absolutely compelled to do this or that, b u t rather they do because it is what happens naturally given the context t h a t is created for them.” In the material that follows, I sample Pierce's writings to give an indication of how he looks at issues related to men and women. First, there will b e an example of his views on masculinity and men and how boys are r a i s e d today and how he thinks they ought to be. Then, second, comes a n illustration of how he approaches the subject of marriage. Last, there is a n example with how he deals with the upbringing of girls.

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Pierce begins a Free Speech article entitled "The Feminization of America" with the observation that he has always been fond of women—“perhaps too much so, sometimes.” 2 About women Pierce writes, “I always h a v e enjoyed their company greatly. I have really worshipped feminine b e a u t y . I have admired and respected women when they have served t h e i r purpose in the life of our people, as much as I have admired and r e s p e c t e d men who have served their purpose.” 3 Having said that, he wants i t known that he believes that much of the pathology of present-day society --and by society he means white American society--is due to i t s feminization over the past century. Pierce holds that American white culture has been weakened due t o the loss of much of its masculine spirit and character. To get at w h a t Pierce means by masculine spirit and character, it helps to understand t h e way he distinguishes the masculine from the feminine. To Pierce, t h e masculine is associated with honor, beauty, tradition, roots, the d i s t a n t frontier, and, his phrase, "reverence and awe for Nature’s majesty." 5 I n contrast, the feminine in Pierce's conception emphasizes safety, comfort, and the tangible rather than the intangible. The feminine orientation a n d approach to life has, as he perceives it, a more limited horizon, “with t h e home and the hearth very much in sight.” 4 The feminine, says Pierce, is concerned with words as much as deeds. It favors equality o v e r inequality: it is the view that "all of God’s children are loved equally, all are considered cute and adorable." 5 To Pierce, aristocratic or elitist v a l u e s are masculine, while democratic or egalitarian values are feminine. In t h e political realm, Pierce believes that as the feminine takes hold in a culture, "the role of government shifts from that of a father, who maintains a n orderly and lawful environment in which men are free to strive for success as little or as much as suits them, to that of a mother, who wants to i n s u r e that all of her children will be supplied with whatever they need." 6 Pierce uses Timothy McVeigh’s statement to the court at the time of his sentencing for the Oklahoma City bombing to make his point about t h e difference between the feminine and masculine orientation. Pierce s a y s that nearly everyone was disappointed with what McVeigh chose to say i n his first public utterance. People had expected and desired an apology from him for the suffering of the innocent victims of the bombing he h a d caused. They wanted him to show that he related to what the individuals and families who had lost their loved ones had gone though and to say t h a t he was profoundly sorry for the pain and loss he had brought into t h e i r lives. Instead of that, McVeigh had used the occasion to point out that t h e government is the teacher of the people, and that when the g o v e r n m e n t breaks the law--he was referring to what happened in Waco during t h e siege of the Branch Davidian property--its citizens will not respect the law.

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He had given a speech on the issue of government lawlessness, and t h a t had turned people off. “All right,” Judge Matsch had said. “Mr. McVeigh, you have the r i g h t to make any statement you wish to make. Do you wish to make a statement?” “Yes, your honor,” McVeigh replied. “Briefly.” McVeigh rose from his seat and walked to a lectern in the center of the courtroom. He was dressed in the cream-colored uniform of a federal prisoner. As he spoke, his hands were clasped behind his back a n d twitched nervously. “If the court please,” McVeigh began, “I wish to use the words of [Supreme Court] Justice Brandeis dissenting in Olmstead to speak for m e . He wrote, ‘Our government is the potent, omnipresent teacher. For good o r ill, it teaches the whole people by its example.’ That is all I have.” Judge Matsch then sentenced McVeigh to die, and marshals took h i m out of the courtroom. 7 Pierce says McVeigh’s focus on ideas and the larger impersonal context reflects a masculine orientation, and that contrasts with a focus o n feelings and the personal which reflects a feminine orientation. As Pierce sees it, McVeigh’s statement to the court was out of sync with t h e increasingly feminized world in which we live and thus was misunderstood and dismissed by the vast majority of those who heard or read about it. People couldn’t relate to what McVeigh had to say, Pierce claims, because he was operating outside the feminine frame of reference that has become more and more prevalent in our society. 8 Another example of Pierce’s point about the feminization of t h i s culture may have been seen in the nation’s response to the school shootings in recent years in Arkansas, Oregon, Colorado, Georgia, a n d elsewhere. Notably absent was outrage and anger that anyone would d o such a terrible thing. (The first impulse of a vice-principal in Georgia w a s to hug the student who had just shot six of his classmates.) Absent too w a s moral condemnation of these vicious acts. And absent as well was t h e commitment to strike back hard at anyone who tries a cowardly a n d selfish stunt like that in the future. In Pierce’s eyes those would h a v e been masculine responses to those events. Instead, we grieved and w e were afraid and we looked to the government and its gun control laws a n d metal detectors to protect us. We tried to understand. We sought t o communicate. We commiserated. The answer to our problems, w e affirmed, is for everybody to be nice to one another and to make sure w e are all safe. All of this, as Pierce sees it, reflects a feminine orientation toward life, which is not to say that it is bad in itself. It is, however, t o

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note the absence of its masculine complement, and particularly it is to a s k the question, where were, and are, our men? Pierce quotes Henry Adams, the brother of Brooks Adams, w h o s e book had such a strong impact on him in his Oregon State years, as writing, “Our age has lost much of its ear for poetry, as it has its eye for color a n d line and its taste for war and worship, wine and women.” 9 Ear for p o e t r y and the rest--masculine qualities all in Pierce’s eyes. It is the masculine spirit which appreciates women, which appreciates feminine qualities, and as this spirit declines, o u r taste for women loses its edge and becomes coarser. We m o v e from an age in which women were not only appreciated b u t also treasured and protected into an age in which...feminine beauty is a mere commodity, like soybeans or crude oil; an a g e in which parents dump their daughters into the multiracial cesspool that America’s schools and cities have become to l e t them fend for themselves. In an age in which materialism a n d feminism are ascendant, this is the only way it can be. To attempt to make it otherwise--to attempt to decommercialize sex, for example--would be a blow against the economy, against the materialist spirit. And to elevate women again t o the protected status they had in a more masculine era w o u l d be fought tooth and nail by feminists as a limitation o n women’s freedom. 1 0 Not only has society lost its artistic sense and reverence, it has also lost much of its warrior spirit, argues Pierce. Pierce decries the large numbers of soft, dependent men he observes today. There have a l w a y s been men like this around, he points out, but it seems that there are f a r more of them now than before. Pierce says that a true man has a f i r m sense of personal dignity and self-worth and is strongly self-reliant. I n contrast to men of this sort, true men, real men, Pierce finds many of today’s men given to self-abasement and to be “weepy and submissive”-which turns Pierce’s stomach to see in any man. Pierce comes d o w n particularly hard on today’s male university students, whom he looks u p o n as timid and lacking in boldness and pride. Pierce sees too m a n y university men who are short in the area of independence, whiny w h e n confronting adversity, and unwilling to endure hardship or to challenge obstacles. 1 1 When getting at causes for this state of affairs among white m e n , Pierce points to the way boys are raised in contemporary times:

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Most boys are not raised in a way which n a t u r a l l y strengthens and develops the manly virtues. Boys raised on a farm a century ago were given work to do from the time t h e y could walk. Everyone was expected to pull his own weight. This helped a boy develop a sense of self-worth and selfreliance. And boys learned from a close working association with their fathers what was expected of a man. This association all too often is absent today and in nearly all cases is greatly attenuated in comparison to what it used to be. I n very few families today does a boy have an opportunity to d o any meaningful work with his father.... 1 2 Boys no longer are raised to be strong-willed, independent, and resourceful. That requires hardness and selfdenial; it requires masculine rule during the formative years. A disciplined environment has given way to a permissive one, and so the child does not learn self-discipline....The child is n o t punished for disobedience, nor is he given the opportunity t o fail and learn from the penalties that the real world holds f o r those who are not strong enough to succeed. And so boys g r o w up to be whiny and ineffective young men, who believe that a plausible excuse is an acceptable substitute for p e r f o r m a n c e and who never can understand why the gratification they s e e k eludes them.... 1 3 On top of this, a Politically Correct education s y s t e m makes things much worse by de-emphasizing everything which used to contribute to a boy’s sense of identity and to help h i m acquire a strong set of standards and values. Take a close look at the old McGuffey’s Readers, which were used 100 years ago to teach young Americans in our elementary schools how t o read and to build their vocabulary and sense of style while strengthening their understanding of grammar and the rules of spelling. Nearly every story also taught a moral lesson, beginning with very simple lessons, of the sort found i n Aesop’s fables, and progressing to stories which illustrated a n d praised the virtues of courage, truthfulness, courtesy, honesty, diligence, chivalry, loyalty, and industry. Personal dignity too. Many of the stories were based on historical incidents, ranging from Roman times to the American Revolution. By the time a boy had progressed through the whole series of readers a n d finished elementary school he had been exposed to dozens of historical role models and had developed a strong sense of w h o his people were and what they were like, what they had gone

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through during their history, what their values were, and w h a t they believed. And he had acquired at least a r u d i m e n t a r y concept of personal honor. He might still grow up to be a crook or a bum, but at least he knew the difference b e t w e e n honorable and dishonorable behavior. Now, of course, to modern educators the McGuffey Readers are intolerably racist and sexist. The values they t e a c h are European values, White values, and that just won’t do in a multiracial society. The concept of proper behavior is one thing for Europeans and something quite different for Africans o r Chinese. The same objection is raised against the historical lessons. Why should boys learn from anecdotes about Romans or Germans instead of Zulus or Ubangis? And to teach b o y s bravery and chivalry really gets the feminists steamed. So t h e McGuffey Readers and everything like them were tossed o u t long ago, our schools have become what they are today, and i t is no wonder that a great many of the young men who p a s s through them are confused and disoriented--not to mention t h e young women. 1 4 Pierce says that people counter his argument that our society h a s become more effeminate by pointing out that masculinized women a r e more prominent now--female lawyers, executives, military officers, a n d the like. What these observers fail to comprehend, Pierce believes, is t h a t as men become less masculine, women become less feminine. If you don’t see how what men are like affects what woman are like (and vice versa), says Pierce, you are missing an important part of the explanation for w h y women (and men) are as they are. 1 5 In a Free Speech article called “Marriage and White Survival,” Pierce t a k e s note of the alarmingly high divorce rate in our society. He mentions that a friend of his is going through a traumatic divorce and that three small children are involved--he is obviously talking about Kevin Strom's situation. Pierce says that over half the people he knows have had at least one failed marriage. Pierce says that it is getting harder and harder t o hold marriages together in modern times. There are economic, social, a n d psychological reasons for this phenomenon, he tells his readers, a n d sketches out what he thinks they are. 1 6 Pierce says that historically marriages have been grounded in t h e "bedrock economic fact" that a well-defined division of labor increases t h e survival chances of the people involved. “If a man and woman w o r k e d together as a team,” Pierce writes, “with the woman keeping the h o m e f r o n t

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under control while the man brought home the bacon and chased t h e wolves away from the door, both gained a competitive advantage o v e r unattached singles and were more likely to survive and prosper--not t o mention the fact that their children were far more likely to survive t h a n those engendered by unattached individuals.” 17 Societal changes d u r i n g the past half-century, however, have altered that circumstance. For o n e thing, increasingly women have been recruited into the workforce. T h e percentage of married women working outside the home has gone f r o m virtually zero to seventy percent. 18 Pierce offers some of the reasons f o r this: • There are more jobs now in the service sector of the economy t h a t can be handled as well by women as men. • Fewer jobs require a man’s strength to perform. • Employers have come to see men and women as interchangeable economic units and don’t draw the distinction between men and women a s they once did--they will hire anyone to do their work. After all, it is t o employers' advantage if women enter the world of paid work, as i t increases the size of the labor pool and lowers the price of labor. • Due to changes in consumption patterns, an escalating tax b u r d e n , and rising education costs, men have found that they alone can’t support a family. • Technology has made long hours of housework less necessary. Sixty years ago clothes were washed by hand with a washboard in a washtub. There weren’t the modern fabrics that don’t need ironing a s there are today. People used iceboxes rather than refrigerators. There weren’t frozen dinners and microwaves. . Other factors for the breakdown of marriages that Pierce lists include: • The growth of the welfare state has made it easier for a w o m a n dissatisfied with married life to leave because she knows she has a claim on the earnings of others in the society to support her and her children. • A century ago, most people lived within close-knit relationships i n rural and small towns. In those contexts, divorce was looked upon as a scandalous occurrence and met with strong social disapproval and sanction. In the modern-day urban lifestyle, divorce isn't accompanied by social stigma as it was, and to some extent still is, in smaller, less socially disconnected environments. • The ascendance of modern feminism in recent decades has t a k e n its toll on marital stability. The feminists asserted that women were essentially t h e same as men, except for a few minor anatomical details, a n d

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that women didn’t need men in order to live a complete a n d fulfilling life. They insisted on being treated just like men. A n d of course, their cause was taken up by the government and b y the Jewish media, which resulted in their doctrines influencing many otherwise sensible women. Women consequently lost their special status. When t h e y asserted that they no longer needed the protection or t h e support of men, many men took them at face value. M e n decided that they no longer had a special obligation o r responsibility to support and protect a woman. Deciding t o shed a wife became much like deciding to change roommates. Feminism has eroded the traditional complementary relationship between men and women, which was a relationship based on their natural differences, and tried t o replace it with equality, which is not in accord with reality. The result of this failed effort has been very traumatic for b o t h men and women. In many cases it has turned natural affection to hostility on both sides. Just as many women have r e s p o n d e d by becoming less feminine, many men have become less masculine. It has played havoc with the institution of 19 marriage. If that is the situation with marriage in our time, what are we to d o about it according to Pierce? He proposes both short-run and long-run remedies. As for short-run solutions to the problem, he is brief and to t h e point. “Unfortunately," he advises, "about all we can do in the short run is try to minimize the trauma for ourselves as individuals. If you are a m a n and looking for a mate, steer clear of women who have been tainted b y feminism; and if you’re a woman, be on your guard against men who h a v e been ‘sensitized’ by the feminists." 2 0 And in the long run: One of the easiest things we can do is simply to s t o p promoting the false and destructive doctrine of feminism. When our government, our schools, and our media recognize that men and women are different and c o m p l e m e n t a r y members of our society and have fundamentally different roles to fill, we’ll be a long way ahead. Fixing the economic problems which beset marriage will be more difficult. It is hard to take women out of factories a n d offices and put them back in the home when most families

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have become accustomed to a life-style which requires t w o incomes to maintain. One of the reasons our g r a n d m o t h e r s were able to stay at home and raise their children instead of dropping them off at a day-care center on the way to work w a s that our grandparents managed to do without many things t h a t have come to be thought of as necessities today, so one income was sufficient for them. Outlawing credit cards and o t h e r forms of borrowing certainly would cut consumption and h e l p more people get by on one income, but that probably w o u l d cause a revolution in itself, because our people have forgotten the old way of paying for things first and then having them. We don’t need to go back to using washing boards a n d washtubs, but we can look forward to building a society i n which economic policy and employment policy are m a d e subordinate to the primary goal of promoting the racial a n d spiritual health of our people. One thing we can do is get rid of government welfare programs--no food stamps, no subsidized rents, no welfare checks, nothing. If churches want to set u p soup kitchens or flop houses for the homeless, that’s t h e i r business, but no one should be forced to pay for the support of those who won’t work, male or female--nor should the dole b e an attractive alternative to working or to keeping a m a r r i a g e together. And a career should not be quite as attractive o r available an alternative to marriage for young women as it is now. Simply doing away with the government-imposed requirements for hiring and promoting women and leaving employers free to hire whom they choose will help a lot in t h i s direction. And women could just forget about being soldiers. We don’t need governmental coercion to make m a r r i a g e healthy again. We just need an end to the governmental programs which have made it unhealthy. Without feminist propaganda and without government interference, the instincts of men and women will do most of what needs to be done t o get things back on track again. Perhaps we can’t make things quite as sound as they were a century ago when most of u s lived in much smaller communities, but we can make them a lot better than they are now. The enemies of our people have convinced many w o m e n that being a housewife is a fate worse than death. Many of them believe that they absolutely have to be fighter pilots o r corporate executives. And I’m not proposing making a law t h a t they can’t be corporate executives if they want to. I’m j u s t

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saying that we shouldn’t pump them full of propaganda t o convince them that they should be. And we shouldn’t h a v e laws which give them an artificial advantage in becoming corporate executives. I believe that the institution of m a r r i a g e can tolerate a few female executives; just not as many a s today.... If we do nothing, then our people will die. Our race will become extinct, and the earth will be inherited by the savages and degenerates of the non-White world. The birthrate f o r White women is far below the replacement level. There a r e fewer White Americans with each passing year. The White birthrate has fallen below the level necessary for r e p l a c e m e n t for pretty much the same reasons the divorce rate has gone u p . As more women have left the home and joined the work force, they have decided to have fewer children. Children are a hardship on mothers who are obliged to hold down a full-time job outside the home. Children can lower a father’s standard of living. Worse, the women most susceptible to feminist propaganda, the ones most likely to choose a career instead of motherhood, tend to be the brightest and most capable, t h e ones who most need to have children and pass on their g e n e s to the next generation. So we really have no choice in the matter. We either s t a r t having and raising more healthy White babies or we die. Our race dies. We die.2 1

An example of the kind of attention Pierce pays to the upbringing of girls is a Free Speech article called "Choosing a Barbie" in which he tells h i s readers about "a really disgusting” story he had read in a California newspaper. 22 A white staff-writer for the paper had written a column relating an experience she had had with her seven-year-old daughter a f t e r the little girl had gone shopping for a Barbie Doll with her aunt. The little girl had come home in tears. When the writer/mother asked her d a u g h t e r what was wrong, the seven-year-old replied, "In the toy store today, Auntie let me pick out whatever Barbie I wanted. And I moved a Black Barbie on the shelf out of the way to reach the White Barbie behind h e r . Does that make me prejudiced?" The writer said that her daughter w a s very confused and frightened by what she had done. The question, Pierce recounted, then became, how is the m o t h e r going to respond. Pierce gives his version of what happened next.

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When the mother heard this question she herself froze i n terror. She didn't know how to answer the question. She w a s afraid to answer simply, "No, dear, choosing the White doll instead of the Black doll doesn't mean that you're prejudiced." She couldn't give that answer because it would be dishonest. That answer would comfort her daughter at the moment, but i t might lead the little girl into relaxing her vigilance a n d wandering even further down the path of Political Incorrectness. It might, heaven forbid, reinforce h e r preference for White over Black. On the other hand, if t h e mother answered the girl's question honestly--"Yes, y o u vicious, little White racist, by shoving aside the Black doll y o u revealed your horrible, racist prejudice in favor of your o w n race"--then her daughter might not be able to handle t h e psychic trauma. The mother's own words in the newspaper were: "If I said yes, I feared I would scar her self-image for life. Her e y e s pleaded with me not to confirm the worst.” Believe it or not, that's exactly what this silly woman wrote in the newspaper: "If I said yes, I feared I would scar her self-image for life." And yet, the mother was sure that "yes" was the h o n e s t answer, because she knew that all of us Whites have t h e original sin of racism in us, a sin which we are obliged t o struggle all our lives to overcome and to pay all our lives i n order to atone for. For the remainder of a long, hand-wringing article, the mother agonized over how to deal with this t e r r i b l e dilemma. The whole thing is surrealistic, like the sort of dream o n e might have after falling asleep with a really bad case of heartburn. But, unfortunately, that's the way a great m a n y Americans think these days. They really do get torn up o v e r such things as how to be sure that they are raising t h e i r children to be both Politically Correct and self-contented. 2 3 Pierce reports that the writer told of similar experiences o t h e r parents she knew had had with their children. Pierce says that what h e finds revealing is it never entered the minds of the writer or any of t h e s e other parents to consider the possibility of affirming what were, at least i n Pierce’s eyes, the natural and healthy expressions of preference by t h e i r children for their own kind. Nor had any of them thought about what a n d who had made their children feel so guilty and frightened if they followed their own instincts. Instead, says Pierce, all of these parents “cringed a n d

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groveled.” Pierce says that the mother who wrote the column decided what her daughter needed was still more brainwashing--more children's books full of multiculturalism and diversity, more Steven Spielberg films, e t cetera. She coaxes her daughter to believe that the only r e a s o n she reached for the White doll instead of the Black doll was n o t that the White doll was the one she could identify with because it looked like her, but that she liked the lipstick on the White doll more than the lipstick on the Black doll. T h a t rationalization made the mother and daughter both feel m u c h better. And then before the daughter could backslide, t h e mother went out and bought her a Black Barbie doll, a mestizo Barbie doll, an Indian Barbie doll, etc. The mother concludes: " I decided if my daughter was going to play with Barbies they a t least would be diverse." Her play world now includes Arab, Native American, Latina, and African-American Barbies. 2 4 Pierce shares with his readers that while this mother obviously is proud of the way she dealt with her daughter’s situation, he felt sick a f t e r reading the story. “It's easy to think ahead eight years or so,” w r i t e s Pierce, “to the time when this woman's daughter is in a racially i n t e g r a t e d high school and begins dating. When she has a choice between dating Black boys or White boys, she will remember her mother's response to t h e Barbie doll dilemma. Her mother undoubtedly will be proud of her w h e n she brings her first Black boyfriend home for dinner.” 2 5

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2 6 ____________ THE NEW WORLD ORDER Pierce often refers in his radio programs and writings to the evils of t h e “New World Order.” In order to understand Pierce's way of looking a t things it helps to get a sense of what he means by “New World Order” a n d precisely what his problems are with this idea. The concept of a New World Order was popularized by P r e s i d e n t George Bush during the last two years of his administration. As Bush articulated it, the New World Order had to do with a reordering of international relations following the demise of the Soviet Union and t h e end of the Cold War. The New World Order, he said, would be a new e r a marked by international cooperation, peace, and justice. Bush invoked t h e ideal of a New World Order to justify the 1991 Gulf War--Saddam Hussein was a contradiction to its principles and must be opposed. President Bill Clinton also called upon the concept of a New World Order to rationalize policies and programs he favored, the North American Free T r a d e Agreement being one example. During the debate over whether t h e Congress should approve the treaty, Clinton said that NAFTA was essential to the creation of a New World Order, which he associated with an era of greater harmony and equality among the countries in this hemisphere. It would appear that for most people the idea of moving toward t h e creation of a new world order has a positive ring to it. But to William Pierce a New World Order is precisely what he doesn't want to see h a p p e n . To Pierce, the New World Order amounts to a global version of e v e r y t h i n g he abhors in domestic affairs. New World Order, multiculturalism, diversity, equality, democracy—all part of the same package as far as he is concerned. The New World Order just expands the context from America to the world. As Pierce sees it, the New World Order is what his e n e m i e s want to impose on the United States writ large. So how does Pierce view the New World Order? As he defines it, t h e New World Order is a utopian scheme for a world government with t h e following major features: National boundaries will for all practical purposes cease to exist. An increased flow of third-world immigrants into the United States and Europe will produce a non-white majority everywhere in the formerly white areas. The economies of the United States and the other nations of the world will be globalized. Wage levels among the rich and poor peoples of the world will be equalized. An elite

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consisting of international businessmen and the heads of the news a n d entertainment media will call the shots, aided by politicians who a r e dependent upon this elite's financial support and who are strengthened b y the backing of democratic majorities marshaled by those among the elite who control the flow of information to the masses. International "peacekeeping" military forces will maintain order throughout the system a n d put down resistence to any of its policies.1 Pierce identifies three types of people drawn to the idea of the New World Order--he calls them "the New World Order booster club."2 First, there are those he refers to as "the amoral, s u p e r - w e a l t h y elements: cosmopolitan and raceless individuals who already wield a g r e a t deal of power through their wealth and who like to flatter themselves w i t h the thought that they deserve even more power over the lives of the r e s t of us." 3 Within this group, says Pierce, are those who are involved i n multinational business enterprises. International capitalists are hostile t o national sovereignty, he says. National boundaries and any tendencies toward protecting national interests just get in the way of their business dealings and cut into their profits. What these individuals want, according to Pierce, is a global labor pool to exploit and a global market to milk. These business bosses see more profits for themselves if the world is converted into a worldwide plantation of sorts, with themselves in the role of its owners and overseers. The second group in the New World Order booster club--and Pierce says this group is vastly more numerous than the first--are those who join up for reasons of ideology or fashion. 4 Among them according to Pierce are: • Leftist academics and clerics and shallow intellectuals. National sovereignty has had a bad odor with leftist academics and their s e m i intellectual hangers-on for a long time, argues Pierce. The notion of a world government per the New World Order appeals to these people. Patriotism is an alien concept to them, and they are instinctively hostile t o patriots. Concern for the interests of one’s own people is regarded a s residual tribalism which must be eradicated. Patriotism is also contrary t o the universalistic ideas held by many Christian clerics. • Guilt-ridden Christians. Many of the Christian supporters of t h e New World Order, claims Pierce, are tormented by feelings of white racial guilt over the poor circumstance of the non-white hordes of the world. They see the New World Order as a way to equalize the races b y redistributing the world’s wealth and to punish whites for their evil d e e d s by bringing them down to the level of the oppressed non-whites. • Peace-and-order advocates. Among the backers of the New World Order are those who believe that in a world with weapons of m a s s

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destruction the only way for humanity to eliminate war and its associated evils and to be safe and secure is through the establishment of a New World Order. And then there are those who simply are attracted by t h e concept of a more orderly world under centralized control. Since the e a r l y part of this century, Pierce notes, groups such as the Council of Foreign Relations have been working behind the scenes politically and on t h e academic front to promote the idea of a New World Order. Pierce m a k e s the point that despite their professed abhorrence of war many of t h e s e individuals and organizations were hot to unleash World War II, the m o s t destructive and murderous war ever inflicted on the world, and s u p p o r t e d the development and use nuclear weapons in that war. • Ambitious politicians. They go along with the New World Order campaign in order to receive a few choice scraps from the table, s a y s Pierce. • Homosexuals and feminists. Pierce says these people see the New World Order as the antithesis of the heterosexual, patriarchal world t h e y hate with "insane fervor." • Egalitarians. They are hell-bent on equalizing everyone, offers Pierce, and the New World Order looks to them to move things in t h a t direction. • Fashion-conscious academics and literati. These people simply want to be fashionable, says Pierce. For them, it wouldn't have to h a v e been the New World Order. They would have enthusiastically gotten o n any other bandwagon that was as skillfully propagated as this one h a s been. • Shortsighted idealists. These are sane and principled people legitimately concerned about such things as world population and the o n going destruction of the global ecosystem who latch onto the New World Order as a vehicle for dealing with the issues they care about. I n d e e d , something needs to be done about their concerns, Pierce agrees. The problem with these people, however, says Pierce, is that they do not h a v e the courage to deal in a realistic and forthright way--that is to say, h i s way--with the population explosion in the non-white world and all t h e other pressing demographic and ecological problems we face. Instead, they have opted for a solution to the self-destruction of the planet which allows them to persist in their comfortable illusions. And then there is the third, and most important element, among t h e New World Order booster club. Of course, it is the Jews. Clearly the Jews see a dominant role for themselves in a world government because of the power they already wield. Beyond this, with their highly leveraged situation--that is, t h e i r need to maintain their control over numerically much l a r g e r

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Gentile populations everywhere, increasing centralization of governmental power is the only strategy which makes s e n s e for them. They have a tiger by the tail, and they dare not l e t go. Their great fear is that a strong and genuinely patriotic leader may arise in some nation, another Adolf Hitler, and h e will succeed in breaking the Jewish control over his people a n d ending Jewish power in his nation. If that is permitted t o happen in any major nation, it may spread quickly to o t h e r nations. That is why they pulled out all the stops to d e s t r o y Germany during the Second World War. And, if they were n o t already convinced, the Second World War redoubled t h e i r conviction that they must make every nation subordinate to a world government under their control....The Jews want a final end to the possibility of the resurgence of any nationalism-except their own of course. They want to eliminate forever t h e possibility that the people of the United States, Germany, Britain, or any other country except Israel will act on their o w n will. 5

Pierce believes that the New World Order concept provides the basis f o r understanding and linking a number of seemingly unrelated issues. To illustrate his point he cites the ongoing debate between the advocates of free trade and protectionism. Pierce considers free trade to be central t o the New World Order scheme and he strongly opposes the idea. It is Pierce's position that in order for the United States to maintain i t s industrial base, autonomy, and standard of living, it must regulate i m p o r t s of goods from other countries. Pierce says the New World Order crowd has worked hard--and, h e acknowledges, effectively--to create the impression in the mind of t h e public that protectionism is a misguided and morally corrupt policy. Americans have been told that free trade is a boon with no real downside. They will have access to more products at lower prices than they w o u l d have had if there had been trade barriers. “And don’t worry if a f e w American jobs go overseas,” the message to the public has gone. “We’ll more than make up for it with the growth of our export industries." T h e free trade proponents have been very successful in linking free trade t o the achievement of economic interdependence with other countries, a worthy goal in the eyes of most people. Pierce sees the media and t h e schools as having taught two generations of Americans the virtue of interdependence and cooperation rather than independence and competition. Pierce says that interdependence is "warm-and-fuzzy" a n d

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therefore a very attractive idea in this feminized independence or a go-it-alone attitude

era.

In contrast,

has been given a nasty flavor by these people. It is a Politically Incorrect concept. What we should have instead of independence and autonomy is interdependence. That is, all of the countries of the world should be dependent on each o t h e r to such a degree that no country can act unilaterally on a n y matter, but must first obtain the consent of all other countries on which it is dependent: like a big "family of nations."....Perhaps you hadn’t noticed, but the most enthusiastic of the "free traders" are the people who are m o s t enthusiastic about every other sort of egalitarian program, every other sort of racial mixing program, every other sort of program which promotes the interests of non-Whites to t h e disadvantage of Whites. Today’s "free traders" are the folks who were marching arm-in-arm with Black "civil rights" demonstrators a generation ago and were picketing the South African embassy a decade ago and are in favor of open b o r d e r s and unrestricted immigration today. Being in favor of "free trade' today and against national autonomy is a touchstone of Political Correctness. 6 In a Free Speech article entitled “Thoughts on Free Trade,” Pierce outlines his case against free trade. 7 At the time Pierce wrote this piece, Asian economies had been experiencing a serious downturn, and s o m e companies and individuals in this country had been hurt by it. Pierce noted that as the Asian economies had slowed and as their currencies h a d fallen relative to the dollar, Asians were not able to buy as much f r o m American producers as before. The result was that American companies dependent on exports were in trouble and being forced to cut back on t h e i r operations and lay off workers. Pierce said that the problems in the Asian economy and their repercussions in this country were a good thing to t h e extent that they warn us of where economic interdependence leads. I t might prompt Americans to ask themselves whether they really want t o be dependent on China, Korea, Mexico, and a whole array of other Third World countries. As for Pierce himself: "I will tell you now that e v e r y t h i n g I intend to say on this subject is from the very unfashionable viewpoint of a man who believes that autonomy is one of the most precious possessions a nation can have. Autonomy is a prerequisite for freedom. A nation which gives away its autonomy soon will lose its freedom as well.”8 Pierce points to our growing dependence on imports from Asia.

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We used to have a consumer electronics industry in America-televisions, VCRs, microwave ovens, and so on--and we also used to have a machine-tool industry: lathes, milling machines, and so on. Those industries have been wiped out--completely destroyed--by Asian competition. The same thing is h a p p e n i n g in textiles, shoes, and a hundred other more or less basic industries: industries which are essential for national autonomy....The factories have been shut down and the skilled workers who used to make them are dishing out fries a t McDonald’s. It would take us a year to tool up again a n d probably five years to really pick up steam in many of t h e s e basic industries. 9 Pierce worries about what this circumstance will do to America's a u t o n o m y as a nation. He thinks that the more we are dependent on other countries economically, the less we will be able to act unilaterally. Particularly he is concerned that foreign competition will drive essential industries out of this country. Then we will be in a position, he fears, of having to s e c u r e the agreement of the countries that supply us products necessary to o u r national well-being--machine tools, ball bearings, computer chips, o r whatever it is--before we can make a major move in international affairs. Even if we do everything we can to maximize our efficiency, t h e r e are many products, Pierce points out, that American industries simply cannot produce and sell as cheaply as their Asian competitors can. He illustrates his point by noting that he purchased some strings of o n e hundred Christmas tree lights made in China for two dollars and fifty cents a string: “No American company can possibly produce and sell them t h a t cheaply and remain in business--unless, of course, their labor is essentially unpaid." And again, it is not just the lost American jobs that concerns him. It is the prospect of lost essential industries and thereby our autonomy. “We can get along without Christmas tree lights, but there are many o t h e r things we cannot get along without, and we are losing our ability t o produce those things just as surely as we have been driven out of t h e Christmas tree light business." Pierce tells his readers that despite his criticisms of it, he is n o t against free trade altogether. There are cases where unrestricted trade may be beneficial rather than harmful. If two trading partners already have a community of interests--which is to say, if their populations are very similar--then “free trade" will have the effect of binding them together and making them even more similar.

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Their wage scales and standards of living will tend to become equal. Eventually, their mores and ideas and attitudes also will become more similar. And their dependence on each other will grow. The individual partners will lose their autonomy. But if the populations already are essentially the same, then a n e w and larger autonomy will emerge. It’s a bit like a man a n d woman becoming married. Each gives up individual a u t o n o m y and freedom and develops a dependence on the other. But t h e two as a whole--the married couple--gains a new a u t o n o m y which may be better for each of the partners than b e f o r e - provided the marriage is a good one, and that is a critical stipulation. We may want to contemplate a marriage w i t h Canada, say, or with Britain, Germany, or Switzerland. But w e should not even consider a marriage with Mexico or China.1 0 The sort of marriage the New World Order types like best, says Pierce, is just the opposite from the kind he wants: where the partners are a s unequal as possible, "a marriage with the least community of interests." 1 1 Pierce says that to understand the issue of free trade one m u s t understand its ideological and racial dimension: For the trendy, air-headed liberals and media bosses w h o are the principle enthusiasts for "free trade," it is not p r i m a r i l y an economic issue, rather it is an ideological issue, and t h e ideology is egalitarianism, raised from the individual level t o the national level. They want America to lose her a u t o n o m y and her freedom and to become dependent on non-White nations, in the same way that they wanted White South Africans to become subservient to Blacks and in the same w a y that they wanted government-enforced racial integration of our schools and in the same way that they want the flood of Mexican, Haitian, and Chinese immigrants into our country t o continue. I’ll tell you a secret: the "free trade" issue is really a racial issue. The folks who were so hot to push NAFTA ( t h e North American Free Trade Agreement) through wouldn’t h a v e been so interested in it if it had involved just Canada and t h e United States. What appealed to them was the idea of increasing our dependence on Mexico, the idea of equalizing Brown Mexicans and White Americans. They’re not really interested in increasing our dependence on Sweden, Germany, or Poland; what appeals to them is making us more d e p e n d e n t

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on Nigeria, Vietnam, China, or Honduras. Their view of history is a vision of White bullies and exploiters pushing the n o n White peoples of the world around, and this is a very painful vision for them. They would much rather have things the o t h e r way around--so long as they personally are not the White people being pushed around. They want to make sure t h a t White people don’t have a chance to be bullies again. And t h e way to do that is to make us dependent on non-Whites.1 2 Pierce says that in the long run free trade brings about a leveling of wages and standards of living among the workers of the various countries involved. When industrial production moves from a country with high wages to a country with low wages, he argues, the effect will be a reduction in the difference between the wage levels of the two countries. Wages in the country that gains the industry will rise and the other will fall. This is true whether the production is in the hands of nationallybased companies or multinational corporations. If Ford closes a plant i n Detroit and builds one in Mexico, wages will rise in Mexico and fall in t h e United States as displaced American workers are forced to f i n d employment in a lower-salaried sector of the economy or make do w i t h part-time jobs. Another possibility, wives will leave their children a n d find work outside the home to compensate for their husbands’ lost income. Pierce points to what is happening in the American clothing industry as a n example of what he is talking about. American women who work at sewing machines in American factories earn about $10 an hour, plus medical and o t h e r benefits. Korean or Guatemalan women doing the same w o r k receive about one dollar per hour and no fringe benefits. T h e consequence is that American clothing factories are shutting down, one after another, and the companies are having t h e work done in Korea or Guatemala. The clothes are then s h i p p e d back to America, where the yuppies and the couch potatoes c a n buy them for less than if they were made with American labor, and the companies can make more profit. But the American women who were making $10 per hour plus benefits are being forced into minimum-wage work. Wages gradually rise i n Korea and Guatemala, while they gradually fall in America.1 3 There is some evidence that gives credence to Pierce’s contentions. Between 1982 and 1997, goods imported to the United States as a percentage of domestic production rose from 15.3 percent to 39.3 percent.

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In the manufacturing sector, employment dropped by 2.5 million positions between 1979 and 1997. The sector that added the most jobs during t h i s period--7.1 million--was retail sales. This would seem to indicate t h a t American workers are increasingly being hired to sell products p r o d u c e d elsewhere. The typical manufacturing job pays much more than one i n retail sales and usually comes with far more substantial health a n d retirement benefits. Taking inflation into account, despite the s e v e n economically “fat” years in the 1990s, the pay of the typical worker i n 1998 was not as high as it was in 1989. Men and women didn't take t h e economic hit equally, however, as the median level of men's real wages fell 6.7 percent during this period while women’s actually rose slightly. Since 1975 the percentage of women with children under the age of six who a r e employed outside the home has gone up from thirty-eight percent to sixtyfive percent. These data are consistent with the theory that American women are saving families and men from declining living standards b y seeking employment outside the home. 1 4 Although factory workers are first to be hit with the transfer of American industry out of the country, eventually most other segments of the workforce will suffer as well, warns Pierce--"even the yuppies a n d others who would never think of working with their hands."15 Those k i n d s of people are happy now because they can still buy more consumer j u n k for less money, he says, but the consequences of free trade will catch u p with them eventually, just as it already has caught up with our workers i n industries dependent on exports to Asia and with our workers whose jobs have been shipped overseas. And when it starts happening to them, t h e y won't be so happy anymore. Pierce says that what the promoters of free trade are counting on is the process of increasing interdependence and wage equalization moving slowly enough so that Americans won’t become alarmed and try to pull back before the process has gone so far that they can no longer extricate themselves. It’s a bit like the old story of cooking the frogs slowly e n o u g h so that they don’t realize they’re being cooked until it is too late to try to jump out of the cooking pot. The idea now is t o keep the yuppies and couch potatoes reasonably happy, pay off the unemployed textile workers with extended g o v e r n m e n t benefits taken from taxes on those who are still employed, a n d keep everybody intimidated and confused with a steady flow of propaganda from the controlled media to make people t h i n k that they will be condemned as racists if they object to “free trade” policies. If the media bosses can pull it off, it will be o n e

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more demonstration of their ability nation to commit mass suicide. 1 6

to persuade

a Gentile

Another example Pierce offers to show how the New World Order concept puts things in perspective is around the problem of immigration to t h i s country. Immigration is a particularly important issue to Pierce. In a broadcast called "Non-White Immigration" Pierce asserted that during t h e past few decades America has been "darkening," that is to say, becoming less white. 17 He said that the "floodgates" have been opened and t h a t people from the non-white world have been pouring into this c o u n t r y legally and illegally. Pierce was primarily talking about Asians a n d “mestizos,” as he refers to the mixed-blood people from Latin America. (Kevin Strom in his introduction to the audio tape of that broadcast s a i d that more non-white immigrants are coming to our shores each day t h a n hit the beach at Normandy on D-Day.) In the broadcast, Pierce said that if you live on a farm in Kansas you might not notice what has happened, b u t if you live in Florida, California, or New York City you certainly h a v e noticed it--"you have had your face rubbed in it." At some time in the next century, whites will become a minority in North America, and the flood will continue. A n d the television propaganda telling us that the flood of n o n whites is really a good thing will continue too. The politicians will continue to sing the praises of diversity and multiculturalism in tune with the television. We will be told if we object to the flood we are haters and racists. Interracial s e x will continue to be presented as fashionable by the media, a n d what was a white country fifty years ago will gradually become a brown country. Of course, even a hundred years from n o w there may be some super-rich white families who will be a b l e to keep their heads above the flood on their own p r i v a t e islands with their own private security forces, but for the r e s t of us there will be no white schools, no white neighborhoods, no white clubs or bars or restaurants. We’ll be submerged as a people. That is the way it has been planned and that is t h e way it will happen--not may happen but will happen if w e don’t interfere, if we just keep watching TV, paying our taxes, and voting for the Democrats or the Republicans.1 8 Pierce says that every race of people has a unique spark, including whites, and that if we don't stop being participants rather than spectators

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in life and take responsibility for the course of history, our spark will b e extinguished forever by a tide of foreign influences that will engulf us. He says it won't happen next year or in the next decade. It won't happen i n our lifetimes or in the lifetimes of our children and their children. But eventually, in a century or two--a very short time in the history of mankind--it will happen. That is what is at stake in all of this, declares Pierce. Pierce is convinced that stopping the hoard of illegal aliens crossing our borders each year and deporting the illegals already in this c o u n t r y would be an easy thing to do if the government really wanted to do it. But the government doesn't really want to do it. Why doesn't the g o v e r n m e n t want to do it? Because, says Pierce, clamping down on illegal immigrants doesn't line up with the program of the New World Order. "The New World Order schemers have the ultimate aim of creating a homogeneous population of coffee-colored serfs--docile, predictable, and interchangeable," exclaims Pierce. "They don’t want any large reservoir of White people anywhere who might rebel." 19 As for the United States, Pierce believes the people in charge want to keep non-whites coming into the country and promoting their racial mixing and anti-discrimination ideas and policies. This will homogenize the American population a n d destroy its white character gradually without whites catching on to what is happening and offering any concerted resistance. The question for Pierce is whether white Americans are going to realize what is going on a n d oppose it. Another example Pierce cites of how the idea of a New World Order m a k e s sense of things is the current campaign in this country to enact hate c r i m e legislation. Pierce views this effort as part of a much larger campaign t o scrap the Bill of Rights and silence those, like him, who would “blow t h e whistle” on the New World Order campaign and organize resistance to i t s implementation. What we see when we look closely at the principal backers of the New World Order and at the people who have been t h e loudest in their demands for curbs on First Amendment rights, in their demands for the elimination of all Second A m e n d m e n t rights, and in their calls for government behavior contrary t o the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments as well, all in t h e name of increasing public security--what we see is that t h e s e are the same people. The people who want to outlaw w h a t they call “hate speech,” the people who want to confiscate all private firearms, the people who believe that Political Correctness should take precedence over the right to d u e

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process and a speedy trial, to freedom from double jeopardy, from being compelled to testify against oneself, and f r o m unlawful search and seizure--all these are fervent promoters of the New World Order. All of the people who have b e e n scheming for the New World Order understand that the o n e thing which could upset their applecart is a rebellion by White patriots, and they’re determined to have the g o v e r n m e n t tighten its grip on the people in order to prevent a rebellion from taking place. 2 0

A last illustration of how Pierce uses the New World Order concept was h i s response to the United States military actions against the Serbs in t h e i r conflict with ethnic Albanians in the Yugoslavian province of Kosovo. Pierce believes that the major reason that we took after the Serbs as w e did was because they weren't going along with the New World Order’s multiethnic social experiment. The Serbs wanted to live among o t h e r Serbs and were refusing to let outsiders tell them how to run t h e i r country, and that wasn't acceptable. An example had to be made of t h e m lest other countries might think they can get away with bucking the New World Order program. That was Pierce’s cut on it. Pierce devoted a series of radio programs to this matter in April of 1999. The first one, broadcast on April 3rd, Pierce called "Hands off Yugoslavia." 21 I want to make something clear: I do not approve of r a p e , torture, and throat-cutting as a means of settling ethnic conflicts in the Balkans, whether it is the Serbs or t h e Albanians or some other group committing the atrocities. I believe that ethnic cleansing can be done without atrocities. I am sure that some atrocities have occurred in Kosovo province, because that's the way things always have been done in t h e Balkans. I'm also sure that the media bosses in America h a v e exaggerated atrocities committed by Serbs and ignored atrocities committed against Serbs.... But really, it's not the conflict between Serbs a n d Albanians that should be our principal concern here. What w e should be concerned with is America's policy of killing people who refuse to obey the New World Order gang. We should n o t let our armed forces be used as a private death squad b y [Secretary of State] Madeleine Albright. We should b e concerned about the Clinton government's policy of ignoring

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the sovereignty of other countries and calling in missile s t r i k e s whenever we don't like the way they're conducting t h e i r internal affairs. And the disagreement between Albanians a n d Serbs in Yugoslavia's Kosovo province is strictly an i n t e r n a l affair in the sovereign country of Yugoslavia. When w e attacked Yugoslavia last week we were committing raw, n a k e d aggression against a sovereign country. Running around t h e world doing that sort of thing is not conducive to stability or t o world peace, regardless of Mr. Clinton's attempts to justify it. America is clearly in the wrong in the present war against Yugoslavia.... Pierce told me that this program received an especially strong response. The number of web-site "hits" in the period immediately following the broadcast's posting on the National Alliance Web site w a s twice what it usually is, and he received hundreds of supportive l e t t e r s and e-mail messages. On the April 24th American Dissident Voices program called, appropriately enough, "The New World Order,” Pierce said: 2 2 General Wesley Clark, the general in charge of NATO a n d of the current effort to impose a “new internationalism” on t h e Serbs using cruise missles, said it as plainly as anyone. Just a few days ago General Clark enunciated the general philosophy of the New World Order and the specific motivation for t h e assault on Yugoslavia when he told a CNN reporter, “There is n o place in modern Europe for ethnically pure states. That is a 19th-century idea, and we are trying to transition into the 2 1 s t century, and we are going to do it with multi-ethnic states.”.... The men who wrote our Constitution certainly u n d e r s t o o d that we might have to fight wars in order to defend o u r territory or our national interests....But they certainly did n o t condone the United States sending its armed forces off t o meddle in the internal affairs of other countries which are n o t harming or threatening us. Nor did they intend for our a r m e d forces to be the plaything of the President or anyone else i n our government, to be used for furthering some pet project of his overseas. They specifically reserved to the elected representatives to the people the power to wage war against another country.... The real question is, what are we old-fashioned, 1 9 t h and 20th-century-style Americans going to do about t h e

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misappropriation of our country and our future by the New World Order gang?

Pierce believes that the one force that can stand up effectively to the New World Order is nationalism, his own white nationalism being one brand of it. He writes: Nationalism is the one force which can thwart them, t h e one political ideology active on a large scale in the world t o d a y in which money is not the primary concern. That is why a n y success by nationalists anywhere in the world today, a n y declaration of independence from the global plantation is good news for decent, freedom-loving people everywhere. It is good news when it happens in Germany, Hungary, or France.... We in the National Alliance are not nationalists in t h e old-fashioned sense, in the sense of geographical nationalism. We don’t belong to the “USA, right or wrong” crowd, which considers any featherless biped claiming U.S. citizenship, regardless of race, color, or creed, as a compatriot. Our nationalism is really racial nationalism. Our compatriots a r e our fellow White men and women, our fellow Europeans, everywhere: in America, in Europe, in South Africa. Nationalism in our sense--racial nationalism--is still a relatively new thing as a political ideology, although it is b a s e d on instincts much older than any ideology. A lot of people, conservatives especially, are still m u c h more comfortable with the old-fashioned sort of nationalism-or with an ethnic nationalism which is much more limited i n scope than our racial nationalism. Conservatives are m o r e comfortable with Scottish nationalism or German nationalism o r Polish nationalism. And that’s all right. We encourage t h e s e more limited ethnic nationalisms. We encourage any nationalism which is not anti-European or anti-White. We e v e n welcome Black nationalism, Hindu nationalism, or Chinese nationalism, because nationalists of every variety are facing a much bigger threat today than any rival nationalism. Intelligent Hindu nationalists understand that Irish nationalists, Ukrainian nationalists, and Swedish nationalists need not be hostile to them, and we understand that too. Every national group which is concerned with p r e s e r v i n g itself, with preserving its unique racial culture, traditions, a n d life-styles, is the natural ally of every other nationally

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conscious group at a time when all of us are faced with t h e threat of the New World Order...a plantation without national boundaries, with a homogenized population, and a u n i f o r m standard of living for the serfs--every nationality will be lost permanently in the mass. Now is the time to derail t h i s nightmare scheme for global subjugation, and any nationality, Hindu or other, which helps in derailing it, by whatever means, deserves our praise. 2 3

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2 7 ____________ PIERCE’S VISION In a number of radio programs and writings, Pierce has outlined h i s perspective on the nature and history of those he considers his p e o p l e - white Europeans--and offered his vision of their future in this country. I drew on eight of these sources to compile the following statement. The words below are Pierce’s. I have added headings to put them into context. Rediscovering our roots A society is a very complex thing: it is like a living organism. It r e s p o n d s to selective environmental forces, and it evolves. In past ages it was t h e struggle of our people to survive, the competition of our people against other peoples, other races, which determined the nature of our society. Societies which functioned well survived. Societies which didn't function well perished. Historically, if some crazy liberal came along and was a b l e to change all the rules and structures in a society to suit some egalitarian fantasy of his, the society would sink like a rock, and its people w o u l d perish. And that is what is happening to our society today, although i t may not be apparent to us because of the time scale. After t h e experimenters finish their deadly work, it may take a society two h u n d r e d years to disintegrate completely and sink out of sight. That's not long f r o m a historical viewpoint, but it's long enough so that most of the people involved never realize what's happening. The society we had in Europe up until the end of the eighteenth century--or one may say, the various societies there, which really w e r e very much alike when compared with any non-European society--had evolved over a period of many, many generations of our people, and it h a d fine-tuned itself to our special nature. It had developed its institutions and its ways of doing things which suited us as a people and allowed us t o form viable, efficient communities. When we colonized North America a n d other parts of the world, we took the essential elements of our society w i t h us. And what were those essential elements? The first essential element was order. Everyone had a place in o u r society, whether he was the village blacksmith or the king, and he k n e w what that place was. He knew how he fitted in, what his responsibilities

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were, to whom he owed loyalty and respect, and to whom he in turn w a s obliged to provide guidance. It was a hierarchical society. There was n o pretense that everyone was just as capable or just as creative or just a s brave or just as suited for leadership as anyone else. People had social rank and social status and social authority commensurate with their social responsibilities and with their contributions to society. The m a s t e r craftsman had a higher social rank than a journeyman, who in turn had a higher rank than an apprentice. The landowner with a thousand acres w h o employed a hundred workers on his land had a higher social rank than t h e man who only owned an acre and worked his land himself, but he also h a d more social responsibilities. He had a responsibility for the welfare a n d discipline of his workers, for example. And the master craftsman had a responsibility to provide proper guidance for his apprentices and to u p h o l d the standards of his craft. The fact that our society was orderly and people knew their place didn't mean that it was inflexible. The apprentice, through diligence a n d talent could become a journeyman; and a journeyman might eventually become a master. And the man with only one acre might buy more l a n d and hire workers if he used the land he already had in a productive w a y and accumulated savings. But the shirker or the wastrel or t h e incompetent could never expect that the government would tax his m o r e successful neighbors in order to reward him for his failure and bring h i m up to their level. The second essential feature that our society had was homogeneity. Everyone had the same roots, the same history, the same genes, the s a m e sensibilities. Or at least, there was enough genetic similarity, there was a close enough family relationship among the people, so that people understood each other. A village, a province, a nation, was like a large extended family. People felt a sense of kinship, a sense of belonging, a sense of loyalty and responsibility that extended to the whole society. This feeling of belonging, this sense of a common history and a common destiny, this sense of identity, was the glue that held the society together and g a v e it its strength. And it gave men and women their individual strength too. Just knowing who they were, where they had been, and where they w e r e going made an enormous difference in their sense of personal security, i n their ability to plan ahead and be reasonably confident of what the f u t u r e held for them. This homogeneity and the consequent sense of family, of identity, was thousands of years in developing, just like the hierarchical order i n our society. And we developed as individuals, we evolved, along with o u r society. The type of society we had became imprinted on our genes. Of course, it wasn't a perfect society. It was full of problems a n d imperfections. We always were developing new technologies, for example,

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and our society didn't always have time to adjust itself to t h e s e innovations before even more innovations came along. But it was a society in which we were strong and confident and more or less spiritually healthy. The Industrial Revolution really was a huge shock to our traditional form of society. It took people off the farms and out of the villages a n d packed them into factory towns like sardines in a can. This was a g r e a t strain on the old order. The new relationship between factory owner a n d factory workers was not as healthy a one as had existed b e t w e e n landowner and workers on the land, nor was the new, urban lifestyle a s spiritually healthy as the village lifestyle. We were learning gradually to cope with some of the changes in o u r society which accompanied the Industrial Revolution--our social o r d e r gradually was beginning to adjust itself--when the liberals and the Jews launched their assault. Unrest and revolution were fomented from t h e latter part of the eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth a n d twentieth centuries: egalitarianism, communism, democracy, equal rights, no responsibilities, welfare programs, feminism. The old order w a s drowned in blood. In France the aristocrats and the landowners w e r e butchered in response to the resentments which the liberals had stirred u p among the rabble. Later, in Russia the same process took place when t h e Jewish Bolsheviks finally gained the upper hand and butchered not j u s t the aristocrats but everyone who had worked a little harder and been a little more successful than the rabble. The kulaks--small farmers a n d landowners--were murdered en masse, by the millions, in order t o "equalize" Russian society and destroy the last traces of the old, hierarchical order. Amid the social chaos of the twentieth century, the enemies of o u r people were able to introduce their idea of racial equality alongside t h e i r idea of social equality. We were told that the descendants of our slaves are just as good as we are--maybe better--and so they should become o u r social equals. We should bring them into our schools and neighborhoods, and we should intermarry with them, and we should buy food stamps f o r them with our taxes, and we should give them preference in hiring a n d promotions. And we should open our borders to all of the n o n - w h i t e wretched refuse of the Third World's teeming shores. They also are o u r equals, we are told. The more diversity the better. Diversity is o u r strength. Blah, blah, blah. We were too disoriented and confused by the destruction of o u r social order to resist this poisonous propaganda. And so here we are at t h e beginning of the twenty-first century. There are some people who will t r y to convince you things have never been better. We certainly have m o r e equality and less order, more diversity and less homogeneity than e v e r

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before. And that obviously suits some people, in addition to the liberals and the Jews who are pushing for these changes. But are these changes better for us? The suicide statistics, the d r u g statistics, the crime statistics, and the mental illness statistics give us a part of the answer. These statistics should help us keep our grip on reality when the Jewish media try to persuade us that we need more of the s a m e poison they have been dishing out for so long: more equality, more chaos, more diversity. We should be able to look into our own souls for the r e s t of the answer. We should know that we need again to have an ordered, structured society, in which we all have a place and will be appreciated according to how effectively we fill that place. We should know that w e need again to have a homogeneous society, in which we can feel a sense of belonging. We should know that we need a sense of permanence a n d stability, not chaos and uncertainty. We should know that we need a society in which everyone strives for quality, not for an imaginary equality. We should know that in order to be spiritually healthy again w e need a society in which we can feel a sense of rootedness a n d responsibility rather than the aimless, wandering, rootless, cosmopolitan egoism which characterizes American society today.... 1 The limitations of democracy There are two principal reasons that democracy has turned against o u r people: first, the results a people obtain from a democracy depend on t h e quality of the electorate; and second, the influence of the mass media o n the democratic process has been overwhelming. The first reason simply tells us that we should expect a democracy t o work better when we have a responsible, intelligent, moral, and raciallyconscious electorate than when we have an electorate of overweight couch potatoes, basketball fans, trendy airheads, and hymn-singers. And certainly the average quality of white voters has declined sharply from t h e time of the Founding Fathers to the present. Today, we have a less m a n l y and much softer, more impressionable, vulgar, and irresponsible electorate than we had in the nineteenth century--and I’m talking only about w h i t e voters. The influence of the mass media on this more feminine a n d impressionable electorate--an influence which has become overwhelming in this century with the development first of radio and then of motion pictures and television--has made a mockery of the whole concept of democracy as a system of government by the mass of the people w h o make their choices on the basis of their own innate values and attitudes. The masters of the mass media can and do manipulate the emotions a n d the opinions of the public on every issue of importance to themselves.

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They can and do set the political fashions of the day. They can and do f o r m the image in the mind of the public of every candidate for public office. Democracy in America today is no longer rule by the mass of people; that is only the outward appearance of our system today. What we really have is an oligarchy, and the oligarchs are the people who own and control our mass media. Through the manipulation of public opinion and t h e images of candidates, the mass media constrain the flow of public policy within boundaries chosen by their masters. The really disastrous thing about this oligarchy is that the oligarchs are for the most part not even of our people but rather are of a people wholly alien to us. The consequences of rule by this alien oligarchy, which hides b e h i n d the pretense of democracy, is that we have amoral and irresponsible political leaders whose only concern is pleasing the oligarchs and t h e r e b y advancing their own careers....They are politicians--really, more actors, more showmen, than statesmen--who are addicted to the feeling of power, to the idea of controlling people and nations, but who have no real concern for the welfare or the destiny of the people they pretend to lead. W i t h democratic politicians of this sort, obedient to the will of the h i d d e n oligarchs of the media, white people have been led into two horribly destructive and fratricidal world wars in this century which killed millions of the best people in our race, wars which led to the rise of c o m m u n i s m and to its flourishing for more than seventy years, wars which w e a k e n e d our race to the point that the oligarchs are now in the final stages of consolidating their domination of us in what they gloatingly refer to a s their “New World Order.” If the modern world has become such that real democracy no longer is feasible, if we m u s t be ruled by oligarchs, then let us do whatever w e must do to insure, first, that those oligarchs are of our own people and n o t of an alien race; and second, that they are moral, responsible, and raciallyconscious men whose primary concern is the destiny of our race. We c a n have that. 2 The nature of patriotism What has changed in America during the past fifty years to erode t h e sense of patriotism so much? If you think about it for a minute, you’ll know the answer. The average white person can no longer look o n America as his family. He no longer feels a part of it. It’s just the place i n which he happened to have been born and happens to be living. He n o longer feels a sense of kinship with all other Americans. The reason h e doesn’t is primarily the result of the enormous increase in what liberals and the media fondly call “diversity”: that is, the great increase in t h e number of people with whom we feel nothing in common--people w i t h

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different roots, people who look different, think differently, b e h a v e differently, and have different values--people whom we cannot e v e n imagine being part of our family. When we look at America and see a great many people like that, when we see all of this “diversity,” then we n o longer feel ourselves a part of America. We no longer feel a sense of loyalty to America.... The Jews in the media still hate and fear patriotism as much as e v e r . They have tried to make it a dirty word. And they have succeeded p r e t t y well among the trendy yuppies and the urban rabble over whom t h e y have the strongest influence. They hold up the militias as the epitome of patriotism, and they try to frighten the lemmings with the specter of t h e angry, rural, white male with a gun and an American flag who is threatening the government which provides them their welfare checks.... Of course, Jews understand the idea of loyalty based on blood, o n kinship, on common roots. That’s the kind of loyalty they have for e a c h other and to Israel, but they don’t want us to have that. They know h o w powerful that is. They hate the idea of us being united by such a sense of patriotism. They hate it and fear it. And that is why they’ve b e e n working so hard to undermine old-fashioned American patriotism a n d replace it by allegiance to a faceless, raceless, rootless, cosmopolitan New World Order--under their control, of course.... No matter how fashionable they make their idea of a New World Order among the liberals and the politicians, it is an unnatural idea. Liberals may gush about equality and the "brotherhood of man" and t h e human race being the only race to which they feel loyalty, but that is empty sophistry. Fools may let themselves be convinced that they h a v e become raceless, cosmopolitan patriots--patriots of the New World O r d e r - but one will find very few of them who are willing to die or even m a k e any major sacrifice for this new pseudo-patriotism. Real patriotism is not some artificial idea dreamed up by the Jews. I t is something based in our genes, an instinct, an extension of the instinct f o r self-preservation to include our kin, our nation. One can undermine t h a t patriotism by muddying and confusing the concept of nation, the image of nation, as has been done during the past half-century by promoting "diversity." When the enemies of our people, with the collaboration of t h e treasonous politicians in Washington...when these enemies infiltrate tens of millions of immigrants into our country and stifle any effort to halt t h e flood, when they subsidize the breeding of a non-white underclass in o u r cities with our own tax money, when they force us to accept these growing non-white masses into our schools and neighborhoods and workplaces, when they saturate all the news and entertainment media with the alien faces, alien tones, and alien antics of these non-whites and gloatingly tell us that we’d better get used to the idea of becoming a minority in our o w n

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land within the next fifty years, then, of course, the patriotism which c a m e naturally to our people in the past becomes meaningless.... The process of social atomization, of deracination, of separating people from their roots and cutting the bonds to their natural communities so that they can become interchangeable units--human atoms--for building the New World Order is being promoted ruthlessly by the Jews and their collaborators, and the rising incidence of treason is only one of the smaller and less important consequences of this genocidal process. I say this process is genocidal, because it will certainly destroy us a s a people, as a race, as well as destroying us as a nation. People with n o sense of patriotism are people unable to defend themselves collectively. They are people who will be victimized by any group which still has a group feeling.... We let our idea of patriotism gradually drift from a racial idea to a geographical idea, a political idea. When our ancestors in Europe w e r e defending their people against the Huns or Moors or Turks, t h e y understood patriotism. Even after the rise of all of Europe’s national states, when patriotism began expressing itself as nationalism, it still had a racial --or at least an ethnic--basis. The words themselves tell us what t h e i r original meanings were. Patriotism, of course, comes from the Roman w o r d for "father." Patriotism is love of the fatherland, love of the land i n h a b i t e d by all the people descended from a common father. Nationalism also comes to us from the Romans, from the Latin word for "birth." A nation is a group of people related by birth, by blood, and nationalism is love f o r that people, loyalty to that people. These feelings of patriotism o r nationalism are very powerful feelings, because they are natural feelings. They contributed to our survival over a very long period of evolution. But when we forget the racial meaning of patriotism and think of i t only in geographical or political terms, as loyalty to every person, of whatever race, color, or creed, who happens to be living within a specific geographical area at the moment, then patriotism is no longer a n a t u r a l feeling, but instead becomes artificial, and consequently much easier t o subvert. And that is what has happened...to more and more w h i t e Americans all the time, as the growth of "diversity" proceeds. The cure for this disease, for this erosion of patriotism, is not difficult to find. It is obvious. It is simply to understand and assimilate o u r patriotism as it originally was. The cure for what is happening to America begins by returning to the natural, race-based patriotism that o u r ancestors had.... 3

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A white future White people have always struggled. We always have resisted alien domination. We are a race of conquerors, of inventors, of builders, n o t slaves or couch potatoes. We always have fought for a better f u t u r e instead of just relaxing and letting other people tell us what was good f o r us. A very troublesome trait, this determination to be masters of our o w n destiny, this determination to live in accord with our innate values i n s t e a d of someone else’s, this determination to hang onto our traditions and o u r lifestyle and to do things our way. This troublesome trait of ours is really a big obstacle to the planners of the New World Order, who want us just t o relax and not struggle while they mix us with Haitians and mestizos a n d Vietnamese to produce a blend without racist traditions or racist habits o r racist ambitions to shape our own destiny. So why do we not want to be blended? Why do we insist o n remaining a race of conquerors, inventors, and builders; a race of explorers; a race of poets, philosophers, and dreamers; a proud race, a n independent race, a race with our own traditions, instead of the agreeable, placid race of coffee-colored consumers and couch potatoes those nice Jews in the media and those nice politicians in Washington want us to be? I guess the best answer to that question is that that’s just the way we are. That’s our God-given nature, and we want to keep it. In fact, we a r e determined to keep it, and by God, we’ll send all those who try to take i t away from us straight to hell. The white future I dream about, the white America that I want f o r my people is an America of proud, independent men--manly m e n - - a n d feminine women. It is an America based on our history and our traditions and our ways: history and ways and traditions we brought here f r o m Europe. It will be an America governed by our values and our standards: our standards of behavior, our standards of performance, our standards of quality, our standards of beauty. It will be an America where little w h i t e boys and little white girls go to schools and learn how to be proud a n d productive white men and women. It will be an America where there a r e no advertisers trying to push racial mixing by putting a few black a n d mestizo and Asian faces into every group illustration, advertisers who like to pair off white girls with black boys in their ads. It will be an America without drugs and without rap music and without the dark faces and alien sounds which pervade our cities today. Can you imagine such an America? We used to have a w h i t e America back before the Second World War. Ask your parents o r grandparents about it. Go to the library and look at some of the old magazines published back in the 1920s and 1930s. Look at t h e advertisements in these old magazines and compare them with t h e

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advertisements produced today. Yes, even New York City was once white. Los Angeles was white, except for its Chinatown. Look at the n i n e t e e n t h century paintings. Look at the photographs taken before the Second World War of scenes on university campuses, of street scenes in American cities, of sports events, of outdoor recreation. The people are all white. That is hard to imagine today, isn’t it, but seventy-five years ago one could w a l k through downtown Los Angeles or New York and hardly ever see a n o n White face. Of course, in a white America we still will have problems t o overcome; that's what life is all about, overcoming problems. We still will have a certain amount of crime, even without non-whites, who commit t h e majority of crimes of violence and vice in America today. Although o u r streets and homes will be much, much safer than they are today, we still will have criminals--but we will know how to deal with our criminals. I n this regard, let me recite for you a little poem written by one of the t r u l y great English poets, Rudyard Kipling. It is a poem you won’t find in o u r schools today. It was written in a saner, prouder, whiter, less Jewish time, a much less hypocritical time. It is titled “The Stranger.” Kipling wrote: The Stranger within my gate, He may be true or kind, But he does not talk my talk-I cannot feel his mind. I see the face and the eyes and the mouth, But not the soul behind. The men of my own stock They may do ill or well, But they tell the lies I am wonted to, They are used to the lies I tell. And we do not need interpreters When we go to buy and sell. The stranger within my gates, He may be evil or good, But I cannot tell what powers control--what reasons sway his mood; Nor when the Gods of his far-off land Shall repossess his blood. The men of my own stock, Bitter bad they may be, But, at least, they hear the things I hear, And see the things I see;

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And whatever I think of them and their likes They think the likes of me. This was my father’s belief And this is also mine: Let the corn be all one sheaf-and the grapes be all one vine, Ere our children’s teeth are set on edge By bitter bread and wine. That was Rudyard Kipling’s view of things a century ago, and it also w a s the view of most of our people in a time before they had been deceived and led astray by the alien masters of the mass media. A feeling of community, a feeling of family, a feeling of common blood and common soul and common history and common destiny: that is what it takes to make a viable nation, and that is what we must have again if America is to survive. A white future for America is much more than a material thing; it is much more than safe streets and clean cities and a lower crime rate; it is much more that a huge reduction in taxes for t h e support of welfare queens; it is much more than a more efficient a n d productive workforce and an end to the injustice of affirmative action. I t is more than all these things: it is a spiritual thing, this feeling that one’s neighbors are one’s kin; this looking on white faces and feeling a genuine sense of brotherhood that rises from the heart--not the strained sense t h a t one ought to feel brotherly when one looks on alien faces; this feeling of sharing in their joy when one looks on a young white couple in love--not the sense of obligation to give a Politically Correct smile when one passes a racially-mixed couple and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the rage in one’s heart. There are young people growing up today who have never k n o w n what it means to live in a white country, who have never known t h e feeling of racial community which one can feel in a white environment a n d which Americans used to take for granted. They have been robbed of t h i s knowledge by the people who for their own selfish purposes have t a k e n over our mass media and swamped us with their poisonous propaganda of rootlessness and cosmopolitanism and the wonders of the "melting pot"-and by the politicians who have implemented their destructive racial policies: policies which have darkened America so noticeably during t h e past fifty years. My dream of a white America is not nostalgia. I know that we c a n never return to the past. But I also know that if we are ever to m o v e forward again we have to get rid of this racial mess which has engulfed America. I know that no multiracial society can be a healthy or s t a b l e

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society. Some people who agree with me that the present racial situation is untenable and can only become worse under the government’s p r e s e n t policies nevertheless cannot conceive of rectifying the situation. They believe that once a country has been integrated racially it cannot be u n integrated. But it can be--although the process of un-integration is likely to be an extraordinarily painful and bloody process. It is likely to require a civil war much worse that the one we went through in the last century. Much worse. It certainly will disrupt the lives of everyone involved. T h e soft couch potatoes and the trendy consumers would much prefer to avoid the disruption, so that they can continue their TV-viewing and t h e i r consuming. Even people made of somewhat sterner stuff are horrified b y the prospect of straightening out our racial situation. But we must do it. We must plan for it. We must not refuse to think about it just because i t will be difficult and so unpleasant. We are in our present mess because w e failed to act when action would have been far less painful. In these uncertain times in which we live there is one thing of which we can be certain: and that is, the Jews and their collaborators in t h e government, the media, the schools, and the churches will cling to t h e death to their plan for the destruction of our people t h r o u g h miscegenation. They have a tiger by the tail, and they know that t h e y must not let go. And so conditions in America will continue to grow w o r s e and worse, as the enemies of our people continue desperately to push us t o the point of no return. Our schools and our cities will become more junglelike; our popular culture will become more alien, more debased, m o r e Negroid and more Mexican and more Asian; the behavior of our politicians and our sports and entertainment stars will become more animalistic; o u r government will become even more corrupt. And white Americans will run out of suburbs to which they can flee. And when they no longer c a n evade the situation, when they no longer can ignore it, when they n o longer can parrot the Politically Correct lies about race without any d a n g e r of being contradicted by reality--then more and more white Americans finally must make decisions about the future they don’t want to t h i n k about now. And we know that many of them will just wring their hands and c r y in womanish despair, “Oh, why can’t the races get along with each o t h e r ? Why can’t there be peace and cooperation between the races so that I c a n continue to consume in comfort and safety and Political Correctness? Oh, why must I deal with this difficult and unpleasant problem of race?” A n d we know that more of the weakest and most degraded of our people, t h e most corrupt and selfish of our people, will join our enemies in the hope of temporarily improving their own personal situations. But we also k n o w that many others, when there no longer is a safe suburb to which they c a n flee, finally will be ready to stand and fight.

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And my message to these last is this: Don’t wait until the last m i n u t e to make your decision; much better to make it sooner than later. Don’t fall for the defeatist lie that we cannot un-integrate America because it will b e too difficult and too violent and too painful. Don’t refuse to think about t h e grim and bloody remedy of a civil war--because the alternative is f a r grimmer and far bloodier. Civil war is thinkable, civil war is p l a n n a b l e - when the alternative is extinction. Be a man and face reality and steel yourself to do whatever must be done to undo the damage that o u r enemies have done to us, so that our people will have a future.4 Accepting responsibility This wonderful gift of life that we have, what does it mean? What is i t s real value? Is it simply a collection of sensations, of feelings? I’m s u r e that for many people that is what life is. The more pleasurable t h e i r collection of sensations, the more pleasant their feelings, the m o r e enjoyable the things they see, the better their life is. And that’s understandable. That’s what life always has been for animals--and we a r e animals. We are creatures of instinct, and our instincts tell us to survive, to find food, to seek shelter, to reproduce, to avoid danger. In a prosperous, civilized society the drive to satisfy these basic n e e d s expresses itself as a quest for wealth, for enjoyment, for comfort. A thousand years ago our ancestors also sought wealth, enjoyment, and comfort. But they didn’t believe that these things were quite s o important as most people today think they are. In that age b e f o r e television, people were perhaps a little closer to the earth, and they were a little more aware of just how temporary an individual’s life is, and t h e y reached out for things with a little more permanence, things b e y o n d comfort and pleasure, things which to them seemed to have more r e a l meaning. I remember a poem which expressed this feeling among o u r ancestors in Scandinavia--and more generally in the Germanic parts of Europe--back during the Viking age. Those lines are: Cattle die, and kinsmen die, And so one dies oneself; One thing I know that never dies: The fame of a dead man’s deeds. For our ancestors a thousand years ago, of course, cattle were wealth, and kinsmen were power, and though they sought these things just as w e do today, they understood that they were transitory; the value of t h e s e things was not permanent. The only thing that is permanent is the m a r k that one makes on the world with one's deeds. Everyone wants to live

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well, of course, but it is better to live effectively: to live so that one is remembered for what one has accomplished. And to put a little finer edge on the concept, it is not just fame i n itself which is important. What counts also is the type of fame, the type of renown. The goal was to be remembered not just for being able to throw a spear farther than others or to swing a battle-ax harder or to use a s w o r d more skillfully; it was to be remembered for having lived a meaningful life, a significant life. For some that meant a life of accomplishment, of changing the world; for others it meant a life lived as closely as possible i n accord with the ideals of personal honor and of service to one's people, s o that one's life could be held up as a model and remembered as such. In any case, the life that had lasting value was a life of participation; never a life of sitting on one's hands and playing it safe. Perhaps too m u c h television and too much comfort have caused us to lose sight of this v e r y important thing which our ancestors understood. I think that they s a w their individual lives more clearly in the larger context of the ongoing life of the race than we do. They were on more familiar terms with birth a n d with death than we are and were not as likely as we are to slip into t h e folly of believing that they would live forever. And so being constantly aware of the reality and inevitability of death they were more concerned than we are to use their lives effectively and to give lasting meaning t o them. For those of us today who do want to participate in life, who want t o live significant lives, there is no more significant activity in which t o participate than working to assure a healthy future for our people, for o u r European race. And there is almost no limit to the ways in which you c a n participate in this activity. Whether you're a housewife or a c o m p u t e r scientist or a machinist or a secretary or a bulldozer operator or a l a w enforcement officer or a teacher or a writer or an artist, you c a n participate. The only reason that a rabble of feminists and homosexuals and Jews and blacks and mestizos and liberals are running America into the ground today is that decent people are sitting on their hands. We m u s t be willing to accept personal responsibility. And so my message today to every decent person who is listening is this: Don't be a shirker. Don't try to be a smart guy by continuing to c h e e r from the sidelines but refusing to join the team and get out on the field. Stand up and become a participant in life. Make of your life a model t h a t people will remember and talk about long after you're gone. 5 The importance of courage There are plenty of people who agree with us about the type of society w e want, the type of future we want for our people. There are many people

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who are disgusted with the rotten politicians and the rotten political system we have in Washington, people who are angry about what n o n white minorities have done to our schools and our cities, people who a r e sick and tired of seeing television and the other mass media p r o m o t e everything which is sick, perverse, and destructive. Many people don’t feel guilty when the media tell them to feel guilty. There are plenty of people who want a clean, decent, white society for their children to g r o w up in. But these people are afraid to say or do anything. Many a r e terrified even to have other people know what they are thinking. I understand the difference between prudence or reasonable caution on the one hand and cowardice or unreasoning fear on the other h a n d . Prudence is no vice, but cowardice is. The times we are living in tend t o make cowards of us all. We are pressed to make moral compromises e v e r y day, and it becomes a habit. We adjust our behavior in order to get b y without a lot of trouble. We do not act heroically because heroism is out of fashion. We try to do what is prudent rather than what is heroic.7 I'm not asking for courage from people who have none in them, b u t there are still a few individuals who are capable of being honest. Even i n our universities. Even in our government. A few who have the courage t o be honest if they are given a little encouragement, if someone else will s e t an example for them. We should never think, "Well, I am only one person. What I do or don't do isn't important. I can't make a difference b y myself.” That kind of thinking is wrong. We can make a difference. Courage is contagious. It spreads from person to person. And it is powerful. One courageous truth-teller can back down a thousand cowards and liars and hypocrites. There has never been a time in the long history of our race when we were more in need of a few honest men and women, a few people of courage and integrity. There has never been another t i m e when a few good men and women had the opportunity to make such a big difference as they can make right now. 7

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2 8 ____________ THE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE Pierce no longer has yearly national conventions of the National Alliance. He told me that they became too difficult to organize and that he doesn't have the resources to bring them off properly. Now instead, he hosts t w o leadership conferences, as he calls them, at the West Virginia property o n weekends in the spring and fall of the year. They commence e a r l y Saturday afternoon and participants have left by mid-afternoon o n Sunday. Most participants stay in motels in the area, as accommodation space on the property is limited. Pierce invites about fifty Alliance members to each conference based upon, he says, their potential f o r playing a more active role in the organization. Pierce uses the conferences to connect with the m e m b e r s h i p - otherwise, he rarely sees them in person--and to solicit support for t h e Alliance, both financially and in terms of service the members can provide. He also uses the conferences to recruit staff. Pierce met both Evelyn Hill and Bob DeMarais at leadership conferences. For the Alliance members, these weekends are a chance to m e e t Pierce. To many of them he is a revered and distant figure, and t h e y consider it a privilege to be in his presence. As well, it is an o p p o r t u n i t y for them to connect or reconnect with one another and recount what t h e y are doing and share ideas. Also, being with like-minded people boosts their morale and motivation. Plus, the weekend affords them a p l e a s a n t weekend away in the mountains. One of the leadership conferences was held while I was in W e s t Virginia. As I walked over to the headquarters building on a s u n n y Saturday afternoon for the formal start of the meeting, I saw thirty or s o cars, trucks, and vans parked in front of the building and along the d i r t road leading up to it. The license plates were from around the East a n d South. One of them, on a pickup truck, caught my eye. It was a personalized plate--F ZOG. The F stood for, well, the "f" word. As for w h a t ZOG meant, in far-right lingo the federal government is thought to be in t h e hands of the Jews, so it is referred to as the Zionist Occupied Government, or ZOG for short. I don't know whether this particular Alliance m e m b e r ran into any problem over the plate. It could be that the authorities a n d other people didn't get the reference. I know that one of the Alliance u n i t leaders has had some difficulty along these lines. The North Carolina

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Division of Motor Vehicles recalled his ARYAN plate because it d e e m e d that the plate might be offensive to others. About twenty people were standing on the lawn in front of t h e headquarters building talking as I approached. They were dressed u p - Pierce had said in his invitation letters that the men should wear coats a n d ties. Pierce was standing among them. He was taller than just a b o u t everyone and was wearing a wool sports jacket that looked as if it h a d seen many a moon. It was the first time I had seen him dressed up. As I walked into the building, I saw a small table had been set u p . On it were a few books for sale and some flyers. Also on the table was a framed portrait of Pierce. It was one of those airbrushed, glamorizing, almost deifying depictions of the sort I associate with someone like Mao, the Pope, or some other "bigger that life" personage. I didn't look at i t closely, but I wouldn't have been surprised if it had had clouds in t h e background. It had an ethereal look about it in any case. People were starting to take their seats in folding chairs that h a d been set up in the narrow meeting room four to each side of an aisle t h a t ran down the middle. In the front of the room was the lectern with t h e Life Rune symbol on the riser where it always is. Its microphone w a s plugged in. Bob DeMarais called the conference to order. He was dressed in a lightweight gray suit. I hadn’t seen Bob dressed up before either. As I looked around the room, I noticed there were only six women i n attendance. I later learned only a couple of them were Alliance m e m b e r s . The others had accompanied men to the conference. Pierce had told m e that women make up twenty percent of the Alliance membership. If t h a t is the case, they weren’t at the conference in numbers reflective of t h e i r percentage in the organization. There were a few children at t h e conference, all of them quite young, under seven or eight years of age. T h e conference had a distinctly male cast to it. Most of the men in attendance were in their thirties and forties, w i t h a few older and only one who appeared to be younger than twenty-five. The fifty or so members in the room introduced themselves. Pierce h a d talked to me about having a sizeable professional contingent in t h e Alliance, but here again the backgrounds of the leadership conference participants weren’t indicative of that. I don’t remember any doctors o r lawyers or business executives or politicians or journalists or schoolteachers or university professors. There was a software engineer, a driver for a motor parts company, a prison guard, a construction worker, a computer consultant. Many of those in attendance were of the sort to h a v e had junior college or technical training, that level of education. And m a n y seemed to work on their own, out of their home in a number of cases. During the weekend, I spoke to an out-of-work airline pilot. He said t h a t

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he had been distributing National Alliance literature on a school c a m p u s - - I think he said it was at a high school--and that a gun was found in his c a r and it had cost him his job. With a few exceptions, the people at the leadership conference d i d n ' t come across as loud, angry, or strident. They tended to be soft-spoken, modest, and somewhat diffident. I had the impression that with regard t o American life many of them saw themselves as basically on the outside looking in. There were bad things going on in this country, they were s u r e of that, but these things were going on over there somewhere, apart f r o m them, and it was all bigger than they were. For them, life was their family and their job and, for some, the other Alliance members in their unit w i t h whom they meet once a month to talk about what is happening to t h e i r country. I didn't get the sense that this was a group on a collective mission to change the world. Not like, say, a group of feminists, multiculturalists, conservationists, or gay rights activists who feel themselves to be on t h e cutting edge of a movement to bring about a new and better society. Rather, these people seemed more a collection of individuals just trying t o get through their lives in a society that in their eyes had gone very wrong. I don't want to overstate the case about the peripheral quality I sensed among the participants in the conference. It was distinctly t h e r e , but there were some in attendance who were taking action in light of t h e i r convictions. How effective the action was is open to question, but t h e y were doing something. I noticed that many of these activities were i n support of the National Alliance as an organization. These were a t t e m p t s to bring attention to the Alliance and to attract new members to it. For example, one participant in the conference reported setting up a telephone message service. With a message service, a number for the National Alliance is listed in the telephone directory. When people call it they get a recorded message from Pierce about the Alliance, a place to write to g e t further information, and an opportunity to leave their address and p h o n e number so someone from the Alliance can get back to them. This is t h e means, evidently, that Timothy McVeigh used to contact the Alliance. Another example: one conference participant had put up a billboard outside of the Fort Bragg, North Carolina army base promoting the Alliance. Several reported putting Alliance material on cars underneath t h e windshield wiper and inserting it into books at the library. One participant said he put Alliance material into the postage-paid envelopes t h a t accompany advertising notices and put them in the mail. One unit h a d made up some posters. And then there were a couple of people who s a i d they regularly wrote letters to the editor to their local newspaper. Along with stating their piece on whatever the topic was, they made sure t o include a pitch for the Alliance.

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During the weekend, I spoke with the unit leader in Cleveland--a tall brown-haired, gregarious man in his thirties named Erich--about s o m e European cultural festivals his unit had been organizing. The most r e c e n t one, he told me, included a dinner of ethnic food catered by unit m e m b e r s . The entertainment was Scottish bagpipes and Bavarian and Slovak folk dancing groups. Erich said that so far his unit has been getting a good response to his European cultural fests. Erich said he considers European white kids in this country to b e culturally deprived. He believes they have been conditioned by t h e Jewish-controlled music industry to buy into rock and rap music--black o r black-inspired music--and taught to look down on the musical expressions of their own people, including classical music. Erich said he wants to s h o w white kids that there are other kinds of music out there. Erich considers the way white young people dance these days to b e alien to European culture. It emulates black ways of moving and being, h e says. Often whites do it very self-consciously and clumsily, simply because it isn't natural to them. Dance has come down to girls gyrating suggestively to pulsating music while their "partners”--most of the time a boy, but sometimes another girl--do the same thing some distance a w a y . Often, the boys aren't as good at this kind of wiggling as the girls are, a n d the whole business becomes a bit embarrassing to everybody involved. And if it isn't embarrassing it ought to be--they look silly. The break i n this pattern comes with the slow music, when pairs hug each other tightly and sway back and forth as they shift from one foot to another and call i t dancing. Erich asserts that young people--and most adults too, the dominance of the media-driven "pop" culture having prevailed for d e c a d e s - - h a v e come to believe that these undignified displays are "cool," while m o r e elegant and subtle dances such as the fox-trot, waltz, and ethnic folk dances—where males and females work as a team to accomplish something rather than put on self-centered and chaotic sexual displays--are "out of it." The European dances, Erich holds, set out different roles for men a n d women in contrast to the blurring of natural distinctions that has t a k e n hold in recent years. They also reflect romance and courtly love r a t h e r than sexually "hooking up." In Erich's eyes, today's dances reflect an illmannered, loose, and loud way of being that is more African American than European-American. One promising sign in an otherwise b l e a k picture, he said, is that Irish step dancing is selling out arenas, a n d European-style dancing was prominently displayed in the recent p o p u l a r film Titanic. I also spoke with a Washington State University student by the n a m e of Justin. Justin was dressed in a buttoned-up suit and is a blond, f a i r skinned, polite young man of medium height and build. He stood out to m e

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at the conference because he was the only person under twenty-five a n d the only one who looked to be a student. He told me that he had b e e n influenced by The Turner Diaries, and that he was majoring in psychology at WSU and interested in philosophy and wanted to go to law school a f t e r he got his bachelor's degree. I learned later that Justin had raised a stir on the WSU campus w h e n he organized a lecture by the controversial British historian David Irving. Irving’s lecture was attended by four hundred people. Irving has t h e reputation of being overly sympathetic to the German side in World War I I and the Nazis and for his skepticism about the accepted account of t h e Holocaust. Irving's most recent book is on Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi propaganda minister. Many consider the book to be too friendly t o Goebbels. The book was scheduled for publication in this country, but i t s American publisher withdrew. Bringing Irving to campus put Justin under the gun. One of Pierce's membership bulletins reprinted excerpts of a letter by a WSU professor t o a local newspaper. (I have decided to use just the first initial of Justin's last name.) ...I said months ago that Justin R--- was a vicious anti-Semite with ties to a wide network of neo-Nazi organizations w h o s e affiliations endanger the security of the Jews....I said that h i s goal is not to debate the Holocaust but to use the f r e e d o m s afforded by an open society to spread poisonous notions....The size of the crowd at Irving's talk will be touted by R--- and h i s friends as a demonstration of their growing influence a n d legitimacy....Here is what the advocates of unfettered f r e e speech have wrought: a not entirely unsympathetic audience of college students for a speaker who made a clear gesture of solidarity with the greatest act of mass murder in history, a n d who said in broad daylight...under the cover of t h e respectability afforded by the venue where he spoke that t h e Jews who died during the war years were s o m e h o w responsible for what happened to them. This is a n extraordinary thing. It is nothing less than a disaster for WSU, for Pullman, and for Jews everywhere in the United States. 1 In the bulletin, Pierce wrote about Justin’s actions: Justin R---'s success with this lecture is due in part to his h a r d work and his organizing skill, but more than anything else it is due to his courage. It takes courage for a 21-year-old senior t o stand up to the sort of hatred that was directed against him b y

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Jews and their allies in the administration, faculty, and s t u d e n t body at his school. Because he did stand up and see t h i s project through to its successful conclusion, he now can w a l k with his head higher than thousands of other young men a t universities all over America who share his beliefs but not h i s courage. 2

One of the speakers the first afternoon of the conference was a b o a r d member of Germany’s radical-nationalist NPD party (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands), Alexander von Webenau. Alexander is in charge of student recruitment for the party. He w a s staying with Pierce for a week in order to establish a closer relationship between the NPD and the National Alliance. Pierce told me that p a r t i e s like the NPD have a tough go of it in Germany. One of the rallying cries of the NPD is animosity toward the increasing number of foreigners e n t e r i n g Germany’s workforce and society from Turkey and elsewhere. In his talk, Alexander said they wanted to get the "big noses" out of Germany. Pierce says that there are laws preventing such references to minorities. All parties in Germany must have a democratic structure and can't use any of the symbols or terms of banned parties such as the Nazis. For instance, right-wing groups have used the term "88" in the past, but now it is prohibited (the letter H is the eighth letter of the alphabet, so 88 is HH o r Heil Hitler). Pierce says there is some chance that the NPD will b e outlawed as a political party. Pierce says he would like to see The Turner Diaries made available i n Germany but the printing and sale of books like The Turner Diaries is banned in that country. The German distributor of the book (in German i t is Die Turner Tagebucher) has had it printed in German outside of Germany and is trying to get the book back into the country for sale. Pierce’s writing may also soon be available in Poland. Both The T u r n e r Diaries and Hunter were recently picked up by a publisher in that country. I was surprised to learn that Alexander was only twenty years old at the time. He looked older. I would have guessed him to be t w e n t y eight or thirty. He is tall and well-built, has short dark hair parted on t h e side, and wears wire-rim glasses. His skin seemed a little pasty to m e - perhaps he could eat better or get more exercise--and from his red g u m s he might have the beginnings of periodontal disease. In m a n n e r , Alexander seemed a nice young man. He was somewhat shy and removed, although that may have had something to do with his difficulty w i t h English. My image of Alexander during the conference is of him sitting over on the side looking through the German-English dictionary he b r o u g h t

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with him and then responding warmly and politely to someone who c a m e by to say something to him. In introducing Alexander as guest speaker, Bob DeMarais i n f o r m e d the audience that Alexander had been kicked out of the German a r m y when his political affiliations became known, and that his r e m o v a l received a good deal of press coverage in Germany. Bob said that t h e speech Alexander had prepared to deliver at the conference had b e e n confiscated at the Munich airport just before his departure, and that h e had been forced to reconstruct it from memory after arriving in W e s t Virginia. Alexander’s brief talk--fifteen minutes or so--centered on t h e progress the NPD is making, as well as some of the problems it faces i n light of what it considers to be the repressive political climate in Germany. He referred to himself as a German nationalist. He spoke of a rally the NPD had organized the previous February on what they call the Day of National Resistance. Over six thousand people had attended, Alexander said. T h e event was a success, he said, and nationalist sentiment in Germany is growing. The rally Alexander referred to is the same one where Pierce w a s prevented from speaking by German authorities. I remember being t a k e n by the fact that Pierce didn’t appear indignant over what had happened t o him on that occasion. He spoke to me about being barred from speaking i n a very matter-of-fact and somewhat bemused manner. I learned that is Pierce’s typical response to the actions of the people who oppose him. He reflects a "they do what they do and I do what I do" attitude w i t h reference to his adversaries. For example, there is his posture t o w a r d Morris Dees, the co-founder and chief legal counsel of the Southern Poverty Law Center, who hounds people like Pierce and others of h i s political stripe. Dees recently won a big judgment in court against Pierce i n a case involving some land in North Carolina Pierce had purchased f r o m the head of a far-right group called the Church of the Creator, a m a n named Ben Klassen, who has since died. The jury held that Pierce’s profit from his subsequent sale of the property--eighty-five thousand dollars-should go to the mother of a black man who was killed by a member of Klassen’s organization. I expected Pierce to talk about Dees in a way t h a t indicated that he resents Dees, despises him--but he never did. I picked up a quiet contempt for Dees from Pierce, but he never outwardly s h o w e d resentment or animosity when Dees’s name came up. It was more a matter of Dees being who he is and being up front about it. He is n o t pretending to be something he is not. He is out to get me and that is j u s t the way it is, and I accept that.

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The same thing held true with regard to Pierce’s attitude t o w a r d Jews. When Pierce talked about Jews it was as if it is simply in the n a t u r a l order of things that Jews are his enemy. It is like one animal being a predator of another. It is not something to get all worked up about. It is as if one were to get distressed about the fact that lions kill zebras. That is what lions do. And zebras run from lions, that is what they do. “Jews d o that what they do, and I do what I do.” That seems to be Pierce’s basic attitude. Or at least that is his attitude on the surface. Underneath Pierce’s outward stoical acceptance of reality, which gives him the appearance of possessing a kind of above-it-all serenity, I pick up something simmering inside him; or perhaps it is better described as something pressuring h i m from within. One episode that gave me the chills, in which this w h a t e v e r it-is came to the surface, occurred one evening when he and Irena invited me to dinner. Pierce sat at the table silently, pistol in his holster. He seemed to be smoldering over something. I felt very uncomfortable a n d had trouble keeping up a conversation with Irena, which was difficult f o r me in any case because she was still having trouble with English. Pierce finally came out with what was on his mind. A stray dog had b e e n hanging around the Pierces’ trailer and had chased after a three-legged raccoon that lived in the vicinity. Pierce was concerned that the dog e i t h e r had or was going to harm the raccoon. He began grilling Irena about t h e details of the chasing incident she had evidently earlier reported, and s h e seemed to be becoming increasingly apprehensive. Sitting next to Pierce, I could feel the emotion rise up from within him. I became aware of h i s size--6’4”--and his muscular arms and large hands as they rested inches away from me on the small kitchen table. Finally, from out of nowhere it seemed, Irena said, "Don't shoot t h e dog, Bill." Pierce didn't reply. Now it was just the two of them. It was a s though I weren't there. "Don't shoot the dog, Bill," Irena repeated, becoming increasingly alarmed and, as it seemed, fearful. "Please don't shoot the dog." Pierce still didn’t reply. Finally, in a cold, low voice I hadn’t heard before, Pierce said "That dog ought not to be around here." The three of us ate in silence for what felt like a long time. The matter ended there, but the dinner was strained, and I w a s relieved to take my leave of the trailer that evening. I never found out what happened to the dog. On another d i n n e r occasion, I asked "Is that stray dog still around here?" Irena a n s w e r e d with a terse, "No, it isn't," and I thought it was best to drop the subject.

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The Pierces were very gracious to me, and I came to know them and c a r e about how they fared as a couple. One day I talked to Pierce about h i s marriages. “I have devoted myself to what seems to me the most i m p o r t a n t work I could be doing,” Pierce replied. “I justify going home at night a n d even taking a day off once or twice a year--you can't burn yourself out too soon. You need to work at maximum efficiency, and that means pulling back for a while, eight hours a day or so. The problem is that that kind of schedule doesn't fit well with a woman's priorities, which are home a n d hearth. Women like to go places--shopping and eating out in r e s t a u r a n t s and so on. Irena is constantly on my case that I don't spend enough t i m e with her. But that doesn't mesh with the way I approach my work. “All of the women I have been married to have been good women i n one way or another, but none have been soul-mates in the sense of shaping my decisions or sharing in the work I have been doing. My w o r k is not really compatible with a family life, and in one way or another it h a s broken up all of my marriages--or at least my first four. I have a l w a y s felt the need for a woman's company, but there is this problem. "How a person lives depends not only on his role in things but also o n his own character. As for me, I am sort of a loner. When I have time, I prefer to go up to my shop [on the second floor of the office building] a n d play with my electronic toys and mess around and fix things. Today, f o r instance, I was fooling with a rifle that was given to me when I was i n Cleveland recently. My personal style has put some strain on m y marriages too, I suppose. "As for the other people who come here [to West Virginia], I'm n o t saying they have to work the same hours I work. I just want them to give as much as they are capable of giving, and for some people that may m e a n working even more hours than I do. I don't think this is the right p e r i o d in history to try to make this into a monastic effort, where everybody w h o comes out here gives us everything he owns and in return gets a coarse robe and a little room to live in, and he belongs to the Alliance eighteen hours a day. That worked fine in the Middle Ages, but times w e r e different then and the monasteries were a real shelter from the world. Some people couldn't have made it if they hadn't gone into the monastery. Back then, monasteries served a useful function in the society. Some good scholarship was accomplished in them. They had good discipline, and s o m e really intelligent people with good character were drawn to them. But n o w religious orders have declined sharply. The Catholics, for example, c a n hardly find enough priests to fill the available positions. So I don't t h i n k trying to have a monastic tone around here would work.” Pierce says that he realizes that the work he is doing may make i t impossible for him to keep a relationship going long term. As he w a s

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telling me this, I thought of the price he pays to be in the relationship w i t h Irena. He would like to work even more hours than he does but feels t h a t he owes it to her to be with her and take her places. Other than work t r i p s and the necessary visits to the post office, the grocery store, and t h e hardware store, I don’t think that Pierce has the desire to go a n y w h e r e . Irena doesn't understand his passions and she hasn’t shared his history. And as far as I can tell, she doesn’t share his politics. (A couple of indications of that: One evening, Pierce was going on about Jews. Finally, in a quiet voice Irena said, “Every group has a right to a place on t h i s earth.” On another occasion, Irena interrupted one of Pierce’s discourses on Jews with, “Now Bill, what would you do if you found out I w a s Jewish?”) Pierce has been through the loss of all the women close to him. He must feel as if he is standing on a trapdoor that will spring sooner or later. I asked him on one occasion whether he thinks about being quite old a n d alone in West Virginia and with his health not as good as it is now. He replied he knew that might well happen, and that he will just have to d e a l with it if it does. It is hard to tell what Pierce and Irena’s future is together. On t h e positive side, they look like a couple to me, and a handsome and dignified one at that. She gently teases him, and they smile and laugh together, a n d he makes sure she gets her new glasses up in Elkins (a town 90 miles t o the north). There they are, side by side, in the Chevy Blazer bouncing along the dirt road on the way to the post office, he in his T-shirt and jeans and workboots, she is her white blouse and jeans with her hair neatly i n place and her make-up carefully done, and looking for all the world like mates content to be with one another. But then again, I remember one day when I went with them to g e t the mail. That day, Irena was late walking down the mountain as s h e usually did to meet Pierce at the headquarters building for the ride into town. To save some time, Pierce, with me in the front seat, drove t h e Blazer up the road of the mountain toward their trailer with the intention of meeting Irena as she was coming down. When we got about half w a y up the mountain, I saw Irena walking on the driver's side of the road. Pierce stopped the vehicle and waited for her to get in. As Irena walked toward the Blazer and crossed in front of it t o w a r d the passenger door, her eyes were cast downward, and she seemed grim. When she got into the car and saw me--she obviously hadn’t known I w a s in the car--she immediately switched back to the upbeat persona that I associated with her. Or at least she tried to; I could tell that something w a s wrong. It was a tense ride to the post office. Pierce seemed to me to be o n his best behavior and was solicitous to Irena. In return, she was polite b u t

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brief with him. When we arrived at the post office, Pierce went in to g e t the mail, and Irena and I stood on the sidewalk waiting for him. I looked over at her and saw that her eyes were filled with tears. I finally said, " I t has been kind of a rough day, Irena?" "Not just today, Bob," she replied. After Alexander von Webenau's talk at the leadership conference, it w a s Pierce's turn to speak. Essentially, Pierce's speech--he writes e v e r y t h i n g out and reads it word for word--was a "state of the organization" rep ort. He outlined how he viewed the current status of the National Alliance a n d where he wants it to go in the future. The major theme of his talk was the need to get more people involved in leadership positions. He said that the National Alliance has a well-defined philosophy, and there are people committed to the Alliance and its beliefs, but it has no real organizational structure. From what I c a n tell, that is true. The Alliance’s local units operate under general guidelines set out in the one hundred forty-three-page National Alliance membership handbook, but they function for all practical p u r p o s e s autonomously and are left to their own devices as to the activities a n d projects they undertake. 3 There simply isn't anyone to oversee what t h e y do or give them direction. Pierce and those who assist him in W e s t Virginia are working day and night to keep their heads above water a n d don’t have the time to provide it. In his talk to the conference, Pierce reflected his advancing age a n d sense of mortality as he expressed concern about what will happen to t h e National Alliance after his retirement or death. He said that the pattern of one-man organizations--and the Alliance is that, really--is for them to f a d e away when their leader passes. As an example, Pierce cited George Lincoln Rockwell's organization where Pierce himself got his start, and how i t didn't survive after Rockwell’s assassination. Pierce also pointed out t h a t the Christian Nationalist Crusade dropped from the scene when its leader, Gerald L. K. Smith died. Smith was a fundamentalist preacher who focused his energies on politics. In the early 1930s, he had been one of the first members of an organization called the Silver Shirts, which was a n American version of Nazi stormtroopers led by the journalist and novelist William Pelley. In 1934, Smith left his church ministry to go to work f o r the populist Louisiana governor Huey Long as the national organizer f o r Long’s "Share the Wealth” campaign, a scheme to decentralize a n d redistribute wealth in America. Smith later moved to Michigan a n d aligned himself with his idol, the auto giant Henry Ford, who, it is said, fueled Smith's anti-Semitism and financed his activities, including a radio program. Smith was a galvanizing orator who attracted large crowds t o hear his message combining nativism, nationalism, populism, and a n t i -

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Semitism. Smith promoted Charles Lindbergh and General Douglas MacArthur as presidential possibilities and vehemently opposed t h e Kennedys, whom he considered, as one writer put it, "fake Catholics, whiskey-drinking whoremongers, and puppets of the international Jews." 4 When George Wallace ran as a third party candidate in 1968, Smith w a s one of his Oklahoma electors. Smith died in 1976.5 Pierce said that the National Alliance needs to create a clearly defined organizational structure. He said this would help ensure t h e vitality and continuity of the organization. With such an arrangement i n place, it would be easier to bring new people in at the bottom and m o l d and assess them each step of the way to top leadership positions. A priority, Pierce said, is for the Alliance to recruit a few good men a n d women to fill the slots in a newly-created hierarchical organizational pattern. He said he was looking for leaders at both the regional a n d national levels. He acknowledged that making a full-time commitment t o an organization such as the National Alliance might not be the best c a r e e r move in the conventional sense. The kinds of people he wanted, Pierce said, were "unreasonable people who are willing to stick their necks out." Pierce then listed other personnel needs. He said he wanted someone to manage recruiting efforts. (He later found someone, a t h i r t y - f o u r - y e a r old recent immigrant from South Africa by the name of Sam van Rensburg, but van Rensburg left after a few months.) Pierce said that he wants t o recruit new members at ten times the current rate. There are segments of the population whom the Alliance has not been reaching with its message well enough, Pierce noted. Police and career military personnel are t w o groups who lean toward authoritarianism and might be attracted to t h e Alliance, he added. And more could be done on university campuses, h e said. There are a lot of healthy men and women in university settings w h o haven't bought into the consumer culture, Pierce said. Schoolteachers a r e another group; and radical environmentalists, many of whom are n o w exploring "flaky religions” and getting into the Jewish-influenced Green movement. Teenagers are another group who could be better i n f o r m e d about the National Alliance and its ideas, Pierce said. Many of these kinds of people, and others as well, Pierce maintained, have a gut feeling that something is wrong with this culture and amiss in their own lives, but there are difficult hurdles to be overcome in tapping into that feeling and linking the Alliance's message to it. Anyone taking on that job for the Alliance faces the challenge of overcoming all of the social conditioning that has predisposed people t o turn away from an organization carrying around the negative labels a n d characterizations which others have attached to the Alliance. People h a v e been trained not to even listen to what the Alliance has to say, Pierce

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asserted. And if they do listen at all, they are so set in the thinking previously drummed into them that they are unable to do anything o t h e r than plug whatever the Alliance says into their pre-existing negative ideas about it and its way of looking at the world. A major challenge, Pierce acknowledged, is to find ways to communicate with mainstream people i n a form they find acceptable and can relate to--something the Alliance h a s had difficulty doing up to now. Pierce said that recruitment won't be geared to an i m m e d i a t e project--supporting a proposition on a local ballot or this-or-that candidate for office, or some such thing. That kind of short-run project is not t h e Alliance's focus, Pierce stressed. Rather, the Alliance is looking for people who are ready to make a commitment to its long-term mission, which is a grander goal: to bring about the transformation of our people. Pierce then listed some recruiting tactics the Alliance might employ. Internships could be set up for college students to work in the Alliance central office in West Virginia. Ways could be sought to reach y o u n g people through the music they listen to. (A few months later, Pierce purchased Resistance Records. This company produces and distributes “white resistance music” by bands with names like Nordic Thunder, Celtic Warrior, and Kindred Spirit, and publishes Resistance magazine, which is devoted to the music scene. In an Alliance bulletin, Pierce wrote: “We want young, alienated White Americans to understand w h y they a r e alienated and to have a positive goal for which they can work and fight, instead of simply being filled with undirected and often self-destructive rage.” 6 In 2000, construction of a large building on the property to h o u s e Resistance’s operations began.) Culture fests of the sort that the Cleveland unit is organizing are a promising recruitment vehicle, Pierce told the leadership conference audience, as are lectures by well-known figures such as the one Justin s e t up at Washington State. Pierce said he was impressed with the NPD rally he had attended in Germany, and that perhaps someone could come o n board to organize public meetings. Displays at gun shows might be useful for recruitment, he said. Also, someone could take on the responsibility f o r helping local units set up more frequent and appealing meetings. A n d perhaps the Alliance’s web site could be made more interactive a n d engaging. All of these activities could augment the current means of recruiting, he said--the radio program, the web site, the telephone message services, and the Alliance stickers. Pierce said that at this point the w e b site was the most effective recruiting tool the Alliance had at its disposal. Pierce told his audience that there is a need for the Alliance t o generate more publications. At the present time, he said, there are only the radio program transcripts which are compiled in Free Speech e a c h month. There is much to be written, Pierce pointed out, on issues such a s

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immigration, the political system, racial differences, free trade and the d e industrialization of this country, World War II and the Holocaust, and t h e Jewish influence on life in America. There is the need for ideological fiction and nonfiction books. Posters need to be created. Audio and video productions are needed. And the Alliance would benefit greatly from t h e contributions of writers and editors, as well as people with technical skills like audio-mixing and video production. As I listened to Pierce tell his audience about his concerns and h o p e s for the future of the Alliance and his hopes for it, I thought about how h e is pulled this way and that by competing impulses. On the one hand, I a m sure he is sincerely worried about what will happen to the organization when he no longer heads it as its chairman. And I think he very m u c h wants a more active, vital organization, and more people involved in i t s operations. And he most certainly would like to get out from under t h e administrative responsibilities he carries, as well as the burden of writing, recording, and distributing the radio program week after week. But at t h e same time, I think Pierce likes things the way they are. He has set up a life for himself that serves his needs quite well. He has an a r r a n g e m e n t where he can write and disseminate what he wants to say. He is in charge of things and doesn’t have to accommodate himself to anyone. People work under him and do his bidding. He is basically a loner, so he m u s t welcome to some extent a situation where day-to-day he doesn’t have t o deal with lots of people. He is living in the kind of remote, rural setting that is his preference. His relationship with Irena is pretty much of t h e sort he prefers. He has enough of an ego, I believe, that he finds i t gratifying not to have to share the spotlight with anybody. And finally, while I’m sure Pierce would like the Alliance to continue upon his passing, I think the idea that carries the most weight with him is that one’s m o s t important legacy is the memory the living have of the way he conducted his life. The fame of a dead man’s deeds is what lives on, Pierce believes. I think he takes comfort in the thought that although he is a vilified figure now, future generations will remember him in a different light. And I don’t think he believes that the continued existence of the National Alliance is necessary for the perception of him someday to be a positive one. Saturday evening after dinner, everyone gathered in the meeting area of the headquarters building to listen to one of Pierce’s radio programs at i t s regularly scheduled time on the shortwave radio station WRNO. A large radio was set up in the front of the meeting hall. As it turned out, however, the station put on the wrong tape and started it too early. T h e voice of Kevin Strom was heard saying “four, three, two, one” before t h e

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show started. I was sitting next to Pierce as he squirmed and grumbled i n response to this turn of events. On Sunday morning, people waited outside Pierce’s office to be called in one at a time for a private talk with him. I don’t know what t r a n s p i r e d in these conversations. I think for most people it was a chance to m e e t Pierce whom they admire so much, and to get his advice a n d encouragement. By Sunday afternoon, all of the cars were gone, and life was back t o normal at the property for that time of the week. Pierce was in his office working with Hadley perched atop the case of the computer. Bob w a s sitting in front of his computer in his office. Evelyn was in her house o n the property. Fred Streed and his wife Marta were in their small h o u s e near the entrance gate. Irena was in the trailer. Ron McCosky was a t home in Marlinton. And the lone car in front of the headquarters building was Pierce’s white Chevrolet Blazer.

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2 9 ____________ LAST CONTACT My month in West Virginia was up. I packed my car and said good-bye t o Bob and then drove over to the headquarters building to say good-bye t o Pierce. It was ten o’clock in the morning on a beautiful, mild summer day. Pierce was in his office, and I told him that I was about to leave a n d said that there is one last thing I wanted to talk to him about. The previous night I had thought about something he had said when he and I were discussing The Turner Diaries. "I remember asking you what y o u thought the first line of your obituary would be,” I said to Pierce. “I w a s trying to get at how tightly linked you are to the book in the public's mind, my point being that reference to The Turner Diaries would surely be i n that first sentence of your obituary. Before answering my question y o u asked me whether I was referring to an obituary before or after t h e revolution. That's an interesting distinction. Let's say you do live b e y o n d the revolution. What would you like the thrust of your obituary to b e ? I'm trying to get at how you would like to be remembered." "I speculated some on that in The Turner Diaries," Pierce replied. “If you'll recall, the book takes place long after Turner's death. In t h e foreword of the book he is referred to as a martyr and hero of t h e revolution, as someone who's owed a great debt by the generation t h e n alive. Turner and other members of the Organization made it possible f o r this generation to have a healthy world again. That's why I had it in t h e r e that Turner's name is inscribed on a Record of Martyrs, and that school children memorize the names on the Record. But that was all j u s t daydreaming. I haven't thought about how my own obituary would read." "But that does,” I said, “give me an idea of what you would like y o u r legacy to be.” "I think that everybody wants his life to have accomplished something of value,” Pierce continued. “Well, not everybody--a lot of people, I suppose, never think about it. But it does seem to me that a thoughtful man would want his life to have accomplished something of lasting value. If nothing else, most of us have enough vanity that w e would like others to recognize that we have done something worthwhile with our lives. "I have looked at my own motives for what I have done with my life some. One thing that has motivated me, I realize, is the fear of death, a t

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least in a certain sense. It really depresses me to think of living for sixtyfive, seventy, or eighty years and then--poof!--gone without a trace, nothing left, forever. The only way out of that situation I can think of is that something I was a part of while I was alive goes on after my death. I am talking about the race. And by race I mean more than a biological entity. There is also a spiritual, cultural, and historical entity that I feel a sense of identity with. I want that to continue. I think about all the g r e a t people in our history, and I don't want what they did to be wasted, lost. I feel a responsibility to them. I want our race memory--and our r a c e itself--to exist a thousand years from now. I want people to know w h a t Shakespeare and Plato wrote, and to admire the Greek sculptors, and t o marvel at the music of Beethoven and Wagner, and to think about t h e people who maintained our racial continuity. "It may seem subtle, intangible, but I think a sense of connection a n d responsibility to something bigger than yourself is the single m o s t important thing in the development of a civilization. I think of the people who worked on the cathedrals in the thirteenth century. They knew t h e s e buildings were not going to be completed in their lifetimes, but t h e y wanted to contribute to this great creation. It was more than a job f o r them, I believe. I believe this kind of motivation was more common in t h e past that it is now in our atomized society where people are interested i n looking out for themselves, making money, being accepted, getting a h e a d in business, demonstrating to their father that they are worthwhile, o r something like that. When this feeling of responsibility to a l a r g e r biological and cultural entity goes, I think the civilization, any civilization, is on the way out. "I truly believe that my race, the white race, is in jeopardy. I'm n o t saying tomorrow or next year, but if you think in terms of a century o r two (a blip in history, really--Shakespeare wrote four centuries ago) w e are threatened. Especially in this country. I believe we need to r e establish a place for ourselves again, on this land, where we can breed t r u e once again, and live our way once again. I want to contribute to that. I don't want to be a man who marches in step and can't face being accused of being a racist or harboring racist or anti-Semitic attitudes, or being unwilling to pay a personal price for doing what I think is right. I want t o be more independent than that and more courageous than that. "I would love to be around a thousand years from now but I w o n ' t be, so I accept the next best thing: that is the possibility that my people will remember the little bit that I contributed to their salvation during a critical period in our history. Whatever anybody thinks about me now, I hope that future generations of my people will conclude that in my life's work I had them in mind.”

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Pierce and I walked out to where my car was parked in front of t h e headquarters building. I thought about how this was the exact same s p o t where I had first met him a few months before. I thanked him for h i s hospitality and asked him to pass on my gratitude to Irena. He wished m e a safe trip back to Vermont. We shook hands. As I opened my car door and was getting into the car, Pierce called out, “I have to drive all the way to Lewisburg this afternoon to take m y television set in to get it fixed.” “It’s beautiful up here," I responded, "but it sure is a problem if something goes wrong and you have to get something repaired o r replaced.” “That’s for sure,” Pierce said. I finished getting into the car, closed the door, put on the seatbelt, turned on the engine, and began to drive away. I waved good-bye t o Pierce and he waved back. After seventy or eighty feet down the dirt road, I stopped the car, paused a second, and then looked back up the hill, I guess to wave goodbye one last time--but Pierce had started back inside and was out of view.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

When you move forward with all you have in you to accomplish something that truly matters to you--including the creation of a book of nonfiction—people are there to help; it is so gratifying and enriching the way that happens. Of the many people who supported this book, these deserve special mention: William Pierce, the subject of the book, cooperated fully and never once asked me to delete or change a thing. Bob DeMarais was a gracious and considerate host during my stay in West Virginia, as well as an superb resource for ideas and materials. “Irena” Pierce was so kind to me, even though her warning came too late to prevent the worst case of sunburn of my life. The University of Vermont reference and interlibrary loan personnel answered absolutely every question and tracked down absolutely every book and article. Ken Campbell provided insightful criticism of the manuscript. Keith Fulton gave me sound advice. Denis Ruiz edited the book with remarkable skill, and his insightful page-by-page commentary proved to be invaluable. Jacques de Spoelberch, my literary agent, believed in the book and me, which really meant a lot given a project that rang of so much controversy as this one did. And then there is Maxine Lee, who one day said, “I think you ought to write a book on William Pierce--have you thought of that?” No, up to that time, I hadn’t thought of that. From the point of my decision to commit to this book through to its conclusion, Maxine was there rooting me on every step of the way.

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NOTES Interviews The author conducted interviews with William Pierce on March 19 and April 25, 1998, as well as during the period June 15-July 15 of that same year. W i t h few exceptions, quotes of Pierce in this book are drawn from tapes of t h e s e interviews. In some instances, there has been minor editing for the sake of clarity and continuity. Preface 1.

Introduction

1. Mark Hamm, Apocalypse in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge Revenged (Boston: Northwestern University Press, 1997), pp. 47-48. 2. For the number of deaths, see: Facts on File, May 18, 1995; and C y n t h i a Magriel Wetzler, “With Love, Oklahoma City,” New York T i m e s , Section 13WC, June 18, 1995, p. 8. 3. “The Blast’s Fallout,” USA Today, August 4, 1998, pp. 1A-2A. 4. The material on McVeigh’s arrest has been drawn from Richard Serrano, O n e of Ours: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), pp. 175-179. 5. Hamm, pp. 54-55. 6. Ibid., p.104. 7. For the deaths at Waco, see Kathy Fair, et al., “Fire Engulfs Cult C o m p o u n d , ” The Houston Chronicle, April 19, 1993, p.1A. 8. Kenneth Stern, A Force on the Plain: The American Militia Movement a n d the Politics of Hate (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), p. 16. 9. The account of the search of the envelope is drawn from Richard Serrano, One of Ours: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), pp. 217-220. 10. For a discussion of the phenomenon of modeling one’s life from fiction, see Jay Martin, Who Am I This Time? (New York: Norton, 1988). 11. See Stern, p. 118. Also, Anti-Defamation League, Explosion of Hate: T h e Growing Danger of the National Alliance, 1998 report, available online at t h e ADL web-site. 12. Anti-Defamation League. 13. Hamm, p. 198. 14. Anti-Defamation League.

402 15. Hamm, p. 144. 16. Ibid., p.153. 17. Stern, p. 51, 192. 18. Anti-Defamation League. 19. Southern Poverty Law Center, “The Alliance and Its Allies,” Intelligence Report, Winter 1999. Available online at SPLCENTER.ORG 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. Personal correspondence, Robert Griffin to William Pierce, July 26, 1997. 23. Personal correspondence, William Pierce to Robert Griffin, August 4, 1997. 2.

First Contact

1. Personal correspondence, William Pierce to Robert Griffin, July 7, 1997. 3. Early Life 1. Hans Christian Andersen, "The Emperor's New Clothes," in W o n d e r Stories Told to Children (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), p. 238. 2. W. L. Pierce, “Incommunicado,” in Edgar Williams, ed., Ocean Tramps: By Themselves (Baltimore: Norman, Remington, 1926), pp. 103-113. 3. There is information about Baron Skerlecz in Gabor Vermes, I s t v a n Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985). See pp. 103, 196, and 315. 4.

George Bernard Shaw, et al.

1. George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman: A Comedy and a Philosophy (New York: Penguin, 1981, orig. pub. 1903). 2. George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman: A Comedy and a Philosophy (New York, Penguin, 1957, orig. pub. 1903), p.32. 3. Shaw, 1981, p.140. 4. Ibid., p. 141. 5. Ibid., p. 148. 6. Ibid., p. 151. 7. Ibid., p. 148. 8. Ibid., p. 149. 9. Ibid., p. 160. 10. Ibid., p. 140. 11. Ibid., p. 151. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid., p. 145. 15. Ibid., p. 169. 16. Ibid., p. 165.

403 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid., p. 154. 19. Ibid., p. 152. 20. Ibid., p. 154. 21. Ibid., p. 171. 22. Ibid., p. 170. 23. Ibid. 24. Ibid., p. 171. 25. Ibid., p. 173. 26. Ibid. 27. Oswald Spengler, Hour of Decision (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1934). Oswald Spengler, Men and Technics (London: European Books Society, 1992). 28. Oswald Spengler, Decline of the West (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1926). 29. Brooks Adams, The Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History (New York: Macmillan, 1903). 30. I am not certain what version of the book Pierce read from. The pages cited are from my copy: Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and No One (New York: Penguin, 1961, originally published i n 1892). 31. Ibid., p. 42. 32. Ibid., pp. 43-44. 33. Ibid., p. 45. 34. Alfred Lord Tennyson, “Ulysses,” in G. B. Harrison, collector, A Book o f English Poetry: Chaucer to Rossetti ( Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1937), p. 361. 5.

Adolf Hitler

1. Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study of Tyranny (London: Odhams Press, 1959). 2. August Kubizek, The Young Hitler I Knew (New York: Tower Publications, 1954). 3. Kubizek, p. 97. 4. Dietrich Eckart, “Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin,” translated from G e r m a n by William Pierce, National Socialist World, no. 2, Fall 1966, pp. 13-33. 5. Ibid., p. 13. 6. Ibid., p. 16. 7. Ibid., p. 27. 8. Ibid., p. 20. 9. Ibid., p. 33. 10. See the excellent recent biography on Devi: Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, The Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism (New York: New York University Press, 1998). 11. Goodrick-Clarke, pp. 117-120. 12. Ibid., p. 115. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid., p. 118. 15. Quoted in Goodrick-Clarke, p.119.

404 16. Adolf Hitler, Mein K a m p f (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981, originally published in 1925). 17. Ibid., pp. 41, 240. 18. Ibid, p. 234. 19. Ibid., p. 254. 20. Ibid., p. 263. 21. Ibid., p. 255. 22. Ibid., pp. 259-260. 23. Ibid., p. 260. 24. Hitler, p. 397. 25. Ibid., p. 383. 26. Ibid., p. 286. 27. Ibid., p. 285. 28. Ibid., p. 397. 29. This was taken from quotes from Mein K a m p f Pierce included in a n editorial he wrote for his journal: William Pierce, “Editorial,” National Socialist World, no. 2, Fall 1966, p.9. 30. Ibid. 31. Hitler, pp. 383-384. 32. Ibid., p. 289. 33. Ibid., p. 383. 34. Ibid., p. 400. 35. Ibid., p. 285. 36. Ibid., p. 383. 37. Ibid., p. 286. 38. Ibid. 39. Ibid., p. 298. 40. Ibid., p. 402. 41. Ibid., p. 289. 42. Pierce, p. 9. 43. Ibid., p. 393. 44. Ibid., p. 394. 45. Ibid., p. 395. 46. Ibid., p. 431. 47. Ibid., pp. 446-447. 48. Ibid., p. 88. 49. Ibid., p. 443. 50. Ibid., p. 447. 51. Ibid., p. 88. 52. Ibid., p. 403. 53. Ibid., p. 252. 54. Ibid., p. 403-405. 55. Ibid., p. 432. 56. Ibid., pp. 237, 244-245, 407-408. 57. Ibid., pp. 414, 419, 421-423. 58. Ibid., p. 245.

405 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.

Ibid., p. 423. Pierce, p. 10. Hitler, p. 254. Ibid., p. 410. Ibid., p. 414 Ibid. Ibid., p. 287. Ibid. p. 65. Ibid., p. 326. Ibid, pp. 309, 639, 193. Ibid. Ibid., pp. 315, 322, 325, 625. Ibid., p. 326. Ibid. Ibid., p. 57. Ibid., p. 64.

6.

The John Birch Society

1. For background on the Birch Society, see Gerald Schomp, Birchism Was My Business (New York: Macmillan, 1970). 2. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others o n the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus, 1992), p. 217. 3. William Schmaltz, Hate: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party (Herndon, VA: Batsford Brassey, 1998), p. 136.

7. George Lincoln Rockwell 1. For biographical information on Rockwell, see Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism (New York: New York University Press, 1998), pp. 197-199, 205-206. 2. William Schmaltz, Hate: George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party (Herndon, VA: Batsford Brassey, 1998), p.115. 3. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Comunists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992), p. 356. 4. Schmaltz, p. 180. 5. See the biographical sketch of Rockwell in "Playboy Interview: George Lincoln Rockwell," Playboy, vol. 13, April 1966, pp. 71-72. 6. Goodrick-Clarke, pp. 197. 7. George and Wilcox, p. 355. 8. Goodrick-Clarke, pp. 197-198. 9. Playboy Interview, pp. 71-72. 10. Schmaltz, p. 33. 11. Goodrick-Clarke, pp. 198-199. 12. Schmaltz, p. 38.

406 13. Ibid., p. 56. 14. Ibid., p. 301. 15. George Lincoln Rockwell, White Power (Los Angeles: World Services, 1972), pp. 444-448. 16. Ibid., p. 453. 17. Ibid., pp. 449-450. 18. Ibid., p. 452. 19. Ibid., p. 457. 20. Ibid., p. 461. 21. “Rockwell at Brown University,” American Dissident Voices, audio tape n o . 448 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1992). 22. Madison Grant, The Conquest of a Continent (New York: Scribner, 1934). 23. Playboy Interview, pp. 71-72, 74, 76-82, 154, 156. 24. Ibid., p. 72. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid., p. 80. 27. Ibid., pp. 72, 80. 28. Ibid., p. 56. 29. Ibid., p. 82. 30. Sevitri Devi, “The Lightning and the Sun,” in National Socialist World, no. 1, Spring 1966, pp. 13-90 31. Goodrick-Clarke, pp. 14-15. 32. Ibid., p. 99. 33. Ibid., pp. 70-74. 34. Ibid., pp. 103-104. 35. Ibid., p. 106. 36. Ibid. 37. Ibid., p. 120. 38. Ibid., p. 122. 39. Ibid., p. 225. 40. Schmaltz, p. 333. 41. Ibid., p. 232. 42. Ibid., pp. 215, 235, 275. 8.

The National Alliance

1. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Comunists, Klansmen, and Others o n the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992), pp. 252-255. 2. Francis Parker Yockey, Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics (Costa Mesa, CA: Noontide Press, 1991, first published in 1947). 3. Ibid., p. xvi. 4. Ibid., p. xiv. 5. George and Wilcox, p. 255. 6. Michael Graczyk, “Jury Sends Texas Killer to Death Row,” The Burlington Free Press, February 26, 1999, p. 1A. 7. The broadcast was published as William Pierce, “Exposing the

407 Warmongers,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 12, December 1997, pp. 12-15. 8. Alan Dershowitz, Chutzpah (Boston: Little, Brown, 1991), p. 94. 9. See Carleton Putnam, Race and Reason: A Yankee View (Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1961). 10. Knut Hamsun, Growth of the Soil (New York: Knopf, 1921). 11. National Vanguard Books Catalog, No. 17, issued November 1997, p. 47. 12. Henry Williamson, Tarka the Otter (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1936). 13. National Alliance Bulletin, Febrary 1998, p. 3. 9. Revilo P. Oliver 1. Revilo P. Oliver, After Fifty Years, video tape of original film (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1995). 2. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992), p. 220. 3. Martin Lee, The Beast Reawakens (Boston: Little, Brown, 1997), p. 435. 4. Revilo P. Oliver, America's Decline: The Education of a Conservative (London: Londinium, 1981). 5. Ibid., p. v. 6. Ibid., p. x. 7. Ibid., p. 80. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid., p. 58. 10. Ibid., p. 96. 11. Ibid., p. 94-95. 12. Ibid., pp. 233-234. 13. Ibid., p. 231. 14. Ibid., p. 231-232. 15. Ibid., p. 238. 16. Ibid., p. 81. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid., p. 166. 19. Ibid., p. 237. 20. Revilo P. Oliver, "After Fifty Years," American Mercury, no. 494, Fall 1969, pp. 15-19, 59, 60. 21. Ibid., p. 16. 22. Ibid., p. 19. 23. Ibid., p. 18. 24. Ibid., p. 59-60. 25. Kevin Alfred Strom, selector and arranger, The Best of Attack! and National Vanguard Tabloid (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1992). 26. Oliver Memorial Symposium, video tape 624 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1995). 27. Jack London, The Iron Heel (New York: Hill and Wang, 1957). 28. __________, The John Franklin Letters (New York: Bookmailer, Inc.,

408 1959). 29. Andrew Macdonald (William Pierce), The Turner Diaries, second edition (Hillsboro, WV: 1980). 10. The Turner Diaries 1. Andrew Macdonald (William Pierce), The Turner Diaries, second edition (Hillsboro, WV: 1980). 2. Ibid., p. 1. 3. Ibid., p. 3. 4. Ibid., p. 5. 5. Ibid., p. 11. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid., p. 34. 8. Ibid., p. 16. 9. Ibid., p. 17. 10. Ibid., p. 18. 11. Ibid., p. 28. 12. Ibid., p. 29. 13. Ibid., p. 30. 14. Ibid., p. 36. 15. Ibid., p. 32-33. 16. Ibid. p. 37. 17. Ibid., p. 33. 18. Ibid., p. 35. 19. Ibid., p. 38. 20. Ibid., pp. 38-39. 21. Ibid., p. 39. 22. Ibid., pp. 39-40. 23. Ibid. p. 40. 24. Ibid., p. 42. 25. Ibid., p. 73. 26. Ibid., p. 74. 27. Ibid., p. 34. 28. Ibid., p. 51-52. 29. Ibid., p. 45. 30. Ibid., p. 59. 31. Ibid., pp. 80, 101. 32. Ibid., p. 160. 33. Ibid., p. 48. 34. Ibid., p, 53. 35. Ibid., p. 60-61. 36. Ibid., p. 62. 37. Ibid., p. 76. 38. Ibid., p. 118. 39. Ibid., p. 94.

409 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

11.

Ibid., p. 146. Ibid., p. 169. Ibid., p. 162. Ibid., pp. 188-189. Ibid., pp. 160-161. Ibid., p. 202. Ibid., p. 99. Ibid. p. 203. Ibid., p. 204. Ibid., p. 207. Ibid., p. 209. Ibid., p. 210.

Pierce on The Turner Diaries

1. Andrew Macdonald (William Pierce), Hunter (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1989). 12.

Timothy McVeigh

1. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others o n the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992), pp. 368-370. 13.

Our Cause

1. William Pierce, “Our Cause,” audio tape no. 414 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1991). 14.

Cosmotheism

1. _________, The Path (Arlington, VA: The Cosmotheist Community, 1977). 2. See Alasdair MacIntyre, "Pantheism," in Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 5 (New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 1967), p. 34. 3. Much of the following discussion of pantheism draws from Michael Levine, Pantheism: A Non-Theistic Concept of Deity (London: Routledge, 1994). 4. Ibid., pp. 74-75. 5. Henry Nelson Coleridge, editor, The Literary Remains of Samuel T a y l o r Coleridge, vol. 2 (London: W. Pickering, 1836), pp. 326, 350. 6. William Pierce, "Cosmotheism: Wave of the Future," audiotape no. 412 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1991). 7. George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman: A Comedy and a Philosophy (New York: Penguin, 1981, originally published in 1903).

410 8. The Path. 9. Ibid., p. 3. 10. Ibid., p. 4. 11. Ibid., p. 6. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid., pp. 9-10. 14. _________, On Living Things (Arlington, VA: The C o s m o t h e i s t Community, 1979). 15. Ibid., p. 14. 16. Ibid., p. 15. 17. Ibid., p. 16. 18. Ibid. 19. _________, On Society (Arlington, VA: The Cosmotheist C o m m u n i t y , 1984). 20. Plato, The Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). 21. On Society, p. 15. 22. Ibid., p. 16. 23. Ibid., p. 9. 24. Ibid., p. 10. 25. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 26. Ibid., p. 11. 27. Ibid. 15.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

1. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (New York: Noonday Press, 1991). Alexander Solzhenitsyn, August 1914 (New York: Bantam Books, 1974). Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle (New York: Harper and Row, 1968). Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago (New York: Harper and Row, 1974). 2. For biographical information on Solzhenitsyn, see Barbara Cady, Icons of t h e 20th Century: 200 Men and Women Who Have Made a Difference (New York: The Overlook Press, 1998), p. 334. 3. Quoted in D.M. Thomas, Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998), p. 462. 4. Ibid. 5. Thomas. 6. Ibid., p. 458. 7. Ibid. 8. See Thomas, p. 489. 16.

Bob Mathews

1. See Stephen Singular, Talked to Death, New 126.

York: Beech Tree Books, 1987), p .

411 2. Robert Mathews, “A Call to Arms,” audio tape (Hillsboro, WV: N a t i o n a l Vanguard Books, 1991. 3. James Ridgeway, Blood in the Face: The Ku Klux Klan, Aryan Nations, Nazi Skinheads, and the Rise of a New White Culture, second edition, (New York: Thunder Mouth Press, 1995), p. 109. 4. Singular, p. 125. 5. Ibid., p. 127. 6. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood (New York: Signet, 1990), p. 74. 7. Singular, p. 131; Ridgeway, p. 109. 8. Singular, p. 135. 9. Flynn and Gerhardt, p. 74. 10. Ibid., p. 98. 11. Ridgeway, p. 111. 12. Ibid. 13. Singular, p. 206; Ridgeway, p. 111. 14. Singular, p. 15. 15. Ibid., p. 181. 16. Singular, pp. 19, 227. 17. Flynn and Gerhardt, pp. 232-236; Singular, p. 238. 18. Singular, p. 238. 19. Ridgeway, p. 113. 20. Singular, p. 271. 21. Flynn and Gerhardt, pp. 271-272. 22. Kathy Marks, Faces of Right Wing Extremism (Boston: Branden, 1996), p. 56. 23. Martinez has written an as-told-to book: Thomas Martinez, with John Guinther, Brotherhood of Murder (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988). 24. Ridgeway, p. 115; Flynn and Gerhardt, pp. 340-345. 25. Singular, pp. 251-253. 26. Ibid., pp. 253-255. 27. Ibid., p. 258. 28. Ibid., p. 260. 29. Ibid., pp. 260-261. 30. John George and Laird Wilcox, Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992), p. 410. 17.

To West Virginia

1. Andrew Macdonald (William Pierce), H u n t e r (Hillsboro, WV: N a t i o n a l Vanguard Books, 1989). 2. Jack London, The Valley of the Moon (Santa Barbara: Peregrine, 1975, originally published in 1913).

18.

Hunter

412

1. Andrew Macdonald (William Vanguard Books, 1989). 2. Ibid., p. 1. 3. Ibid., p. 8. 4. Ibid., p. 4. 5. Ibid., p. 2-3. 6. Ibid., pp. 8-12. 7. Ibid., p. 24-25. 8. Ibid., p. 40. 9. Ibid., p. 41. 10. Ibid., p. 14. 11. Ibid., p. 15. 12. Ibid., p. 14. 13. Ibid., p. 50. 14. Ibid., p. 51. 15. Ibid., p. 54. 16. Ibid., p. 55. 17. Ibid., p. 53. 18. Ibid., p. 193. 19. Ibid., pp. 59-60. 20. Ibid., p. 62. 21. Ibid., pp. 70-71, 190. 22. Ibid., p. 203. 23. Ibid., p. 205. 24. Ibid., pp. 208, 210. 25. Ibid., p. 96. 26. Ibid., p. 82. 27. Ibid., pp. 105-106. 28. Ibid., pp. 113-114. 29. Ibid., p. 196. 30. Ibid., pp. 194-195. 31. Ibid., p. 248. 32. Ibid., pp. 246-247. 33. Ibid., p. 248. 19. 20.

Pierce), H u n t e r (Hillsboro,

WV: N a t i o n a l

Pierce on Hunter William Gayley Simpson

1. William Gayley Simpson, Which Way Western Man? (Washington, D.C.: National Vanguard Books, 1978). 2. Randolph Calverhill, Serpent’s W a l k (Hillsboro, WV: National V a n g u a r d Books, 1991. 3. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood (New York: Signet, 1990), pp. 105-106.

413 4. Simpson, p. ix. 5. Ibid., p. 3. 6. Ibid., p. 7. 7, Ibid., p. 24. 8. Ibid., p. 59. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid., p. 57. 11. Ibid., p. 25. 12. Ibid., p. 20. 13. Thomas Cahill, The Gifts of the Jews: How a Tribe of Desert N o m a d s Changed the Way Everyone Thinks and Feels (New York: Doubleday, 1998). 14. Simpson, p. 61. 15. Ibid., p. 65. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. 18. Jakob Grimm, Germanic M y t h o l o g y (Washington, D.C.: Scott-Townsend, 1997), pp. 15-18. 19. See, Howard Bushart, John Craig, and Myra Barnes, Soldiers of God: W h i t e Supremacists and Their Holy War for America (New York: Pinnacle, 1999), p . 211. 20. H. R. Ellis Davidson, Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Universty Press, 1988), pp. 70-71. 21. See, Henry Adams Bellows, translator, The Poetic Edda (New York: Biblo a n d Tannen, 1969), p. 44. 22. Wulf Soerenson, "The Voices of Our Ancestors," National Vanguard, no. 107, Oct.-Nov. 1986, pp. 18-27. 23. Ibid., p. 18. 24. Ibid., p. 19. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid., pp. 19-20. 27. Ibid., p. 2. 21.

World War II

1. Stuart Kahan, The Wolf of the Kremlin (London: Hale, 1989). 2. William Pierce, “The Genocide at Vinnitsa,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 7, J u l y 1998. pp.12-15. 3. Ibid., p. 14. 4. William Pierce, “The Katyn Massacre,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 5, May 1998, pp. 6-9. 5. Personal correspondence, William Pierce to Robert Griffin, February 2, 1999. 6. Janusz Kazimierz Zawodny, Death in the Forest: The Story of the K a t y n Forest Massacre (New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988). 7. William Pierce, “Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff.” Free Speech, vol. 4, no.

414 3, March 1998, p. 2. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. William Pierce, "Democracy," Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 7, July 1998, p. 1. 11. It is estimated that 2.7 million people perished in the Soviet penal s y s t e m under Stalin. Source: Otto Pohl, The Stalinist Penal System: A Statistical History of Soviet Repression and Terror, 1930-1953 (Jefferson, NC: 1997), p. 131. See also: Robert Conquest’s books on the Soviet penal system. 12. Pierce, “Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff,” p. 4. 13. Glen Jeansonne, Women of the Far Right: The Mothers’ Movement a n d World War II (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). 14. Ibid., p. 1. 15. F. Caroline Graglia, Domestic Tranquility: A Brief Against F e m i n i s m (Dallas: Spence Publishing Company, 1998), pp. 40-43. 16. Jeansonne, p. 5. 17. Ibid., p. 46. 18. Ibid., p. 27. 19. Ibid., p. 26. 20. Ibid., p. 16. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid., p. 78. 23. Ibid., p. 155. 24. Ibid. 25. Ibid., p. 166. 26. Ibid., p. 4. 27. Ibid., p. 63. 28. Ibid., p. 70. 29. Ibid., p. 87. 30. Ibid., p. 94. 31. Ibid., p. 184. 32. Alan Dershowitz, Chutzpah (Boston: Little, Brown, 1991). 33. Johannes Kaps, ed., The Tragedy of Silesia, 1945-46 (Munich: Christ Unterwegs, 1952). 34. A book on how the events of the Holocaust have been portrayed at v a r i o u s times over the years which I have found useful is Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999). 35. Source of those numbers: The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th e d i t i o n , vol. 29 (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1998), p. 1022. 36. James Bacque, Other Losses: An Investigation into the Mass Deaths o f German Prisoners at the Hands of the French and Americans After World War II (Toronto: Stottard, 1989). James Bacque, Crimes and Mercies: The Fate o f German Civilians Under Allied Occupation 1944-1950 (London: Little, Brown, 1997). 37. Toronto Star, May 3, 1990, E1+. 38. Crimes and Mercies, p.xxv. 39. Ibid., p. xx.

415 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 22.

Ibid., p. 99. Ibid., p. 109. Ibid., pp. 102, 103, and 106. Ibid., p. 49. Other Losses, p. xix; Crimes and Mercies, p. 88. Other Losses, p, 38. The following incidents were reported in Crimes and Mercies on pp. 28, 29, 44, 45, 47, 52, 53, 60, and 63. Toronto Star. Crimes and Mercies, p. xxiii. Juergen Thorwald, Flight in the Winter (London: Hutchinson, 1953). Ibid. pp. 50-53. Ibid., pp. 240-241. Ibid., p. 241 Pierce and Jews

1. William Pierce, “How It All Fits Together,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, December 12, 1998. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Abram Sacher, The History of the Jews (New York: Random House, 1970). 6. Pierce. 7. Kevin MacDonald, A People That Shall Dwell Alone: Judaism as a G r o u p Evolutionary Strategy (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994). Kevin MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of A n t i S e m i t i s m (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998). Kevin MacDonald, The Culture o f Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth C e n t u r y Intellectual and Political Movements (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998). 8. Pierce. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. William Pierce, “Joe Lieberman and Judaism,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, August 19, 2000. 12. Rabbi Alexander Feinsilver, The Talmud for T o d a y (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980), p. 1. 13. Lazarus Goldschmidt, Babylonische T a l m u d (Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag, 1934). 14. Pierce. 15. Ibid. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. 18. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, Who Rules America, available o n the National Alliance Web site, natall.com. 19. Ibid.

416 20. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books. 21. All of the assertions and quotes until note 22 are taken from t h e unpaginated version of Who Rules America? on Pierce’s web site, n a t a l l . c o m . He also sells it separately as a pamphlet, and includes it in his N a t i o n a l Vanguard book catalogs. 22. William Pierce, “How It Fits Together.” 23. Ibid. 24. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, pp. 42-43. 25. William Pierce, “Fashion for Genocide,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, September 26, 1998. 26. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, p. 46. 27. William Pierce, “David Geffen, Steven Spielberg, and Bill Clinton,” A m e r i c a n Dissident Voices broadcast, August 22, 1998. 28. Ibid. 29. William Pierce, “The Jewish Problem,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 4, April 1997, p. 2. 30. Ibid. 31. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, p. 46. 32. William Pierce, “Media Myths,” American Dissident Voices b r o a d c a s t , August 15, 1998. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid. 35. William Pierce, “The Fayetteville Murders,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, August 29, 1998. William Pierce, “Fashion for Genocide.” 36.William Pierce, “Fashion for Genocide.” 37. A 1995 article published by the American Enterprise Institute reports t h a t FBI figures show a black offender is about twice as likely to kill a white v i c t i m as the reverse. Some yearly totals: For rape, white offender/black victim, 100; black offender/white victim, 20,204. For robbery, white offender/black v i c t i m , 7,031; black offender/white victim, 167,924. For assault, white offender/black victim, 49,800; black offender/white victim, 431,670. For all violent crimes, white offender/black victim, 55,301; black offender/white victim, 572,458. Source: Karl Zinsmeister, “Indicators,” The American Enterprise, vol. 6, no. 3, June 1995, p.18. 38. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, p. 46. 39. Pierce, “Lew, Bill, Tupac, and Mitchell,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, June 27, 1998. 40. Ibid. 41. William Pierce, “Lies, Murder, and Jews,” American Dissident Voices Broadcast, May 1, 1999. 42. William Pierce, “Media Myths.” 43. Ibid. 44. Ibid. 45. Research Staff, National Vanguard Books, p. 46. 46. Personal correspondance, Robert DeMarais, July 6, 1998.

417 47. Kevin MacDonald, A People That Shall Dwell Alone: Judaism as a G r o u p Evolutionary Strategy. Kevin MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of A n t i - S e m i t i s m . Kevin MacDonald, T h e Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement i n Twentieth Century Intellectual and Political Movements . 48. MacDonald, The Culture of Critique, p. 309. 49. Ibid., p. 303. 50. Ibid., p. 254. 51. Ibid., p. 258. 52. Ibid., p. 150. 53. Ibid., p. 319. 54. Ibid., p. 148. 55. Ibid., pp. 255-257. 56. Ibid., p. 244. 57. Ibid., p. 319. 58. Ibid., p. 292. 59. Ibid., p. 329. 60. Ibid., pp. 310-311. 61. Ibid., p. 323. 62. Ibid., p. 322. 63. Ibid., p. 329. 64. Ibid., p. 303. 65. Ibid., p. 319. 66. Ibid., p. 322. 23.

Racism and Hate

1. This section draws on William Pierce, “What is Racism?” audio tape 6 2 9 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1995; and William Pierce, “ T h e Importance of Courage,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 8, August 1997, pp. 12-15. 2. Pierce, “The Importance of Courage,” p. 13. 3. William Pierce, “Who Are the Haters?” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 9, S e p t e m b e r 1997, pp. 9-10. 4. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 5. Ibid., p. 11. 6. William Pierce, “Odysseus’ Way,” American Dissident Voices b r o a d c a s t , February 27, 1999. 7. Ibid. 24.

Schooling

1. William Pierce, “The School Problem,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 6, June 1998, pp. 2-3. 2. William Pierce, “Replacing Shakespeare With Malcolm X,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 4, April 1998, p. 9. 3. Pierce, “The School Problem,” p. 3.

418 4. Ibid. 5. William Pierce, “The Wrecking of Our Schools,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 3, March 1998, p. 13. 6. Ibid., pp. 13-14. 7. Ibid., p. 15. 8. William Pierce, “Aesop’s Fables and the Rules of Engagement,” A m e r i c a n Dissident Voices broadcast, November, 14, 1998. 9. Jan Brett, Annie and the Wild Animals (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985). 10. Pierce, “Brainwashing in America,” audio tape no. 629 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books), 1995. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid. 13. William Pierce, “Shakespeare and Democracy,” Free Speech , vol. 3, no. 3, March 1997, p. 2. 14. Ibid., p. 4. 15. Nick Griffin, “The Celts: Their Origins and Prehistory,” National Vanguard, no. 115, November-December 1995, pp. 3-12. Ted O’Keefe, “Leonidas and t h e Spartan Ethos,” in Kevin Alfred Strom, ed., The Best of Attack! and National Vanguard Tabloid (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1992), pp. 127130. Ted O’Keefe, “Sven Hedin: Last of the Vikings,” in Strom, pp. 177-179. Ted O’Keefe, “Denis Kearney and the Struggle for a White America,” in Strom, pp. 192-193. Mark Deavin, “Knut Hamsun and the Cause of Europe,” National Vanguard, no. 116, August-September 1996, pp. 23-25. Frithjof Hallman, “Arno N.C. (only t h e Breker: 2 0 t h Century Michelangelo,”, in Strom, pp. 200-201. initials of the writer is provided), “The Inquiring Mind of Aldous Huxley,” i n Strom, p. 126. William Pierce, “Rudyard Kipling: White Man’s Poet,” National V a n g u a r d , no. 99, March 1984, pp. 11-12. 16. Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, White Trash: Race and Class in A m e r i c a (New York: Routledge, 1997). 17. Margaret Talbot, “Getting Credit for Being White,” New York T i m e s Magazine, section 6, November 30, 1997, pp. 116-119. 18. __________, Displacing Whiteness: Essays in Social and Cultural Criticism (Durham, N.C. Duke University Press, 1997). 19. Talbot, pp. 116-117. 20. Ibid., p. 118. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid., p. 119. 25.

Men and Women

1. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Norton, 1963). 2. William Pierce, “The Feminization of America,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 10, October 1997, p. 1. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid., p. 3. 5. Ibid., p. 2.

419 6. Ibid. 7. Richard Serrano, One of Ours: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma C i t y Bombing (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), p. 320. 8. Pierce, p. 1. 9. Pierce, p. 4. 10. Ibid. 11. William Pierce, “The Promise Keepers,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 12, December 1997, p. 7. 12. Ibid. 13. Pierce, “The Feminization of America,” p. 4. 14. Ibid., p. 7. 15. Ibid., p. 5. 16. William Pierce, “Marriage and White Survival,” Free Speech , vol. 3, no. 6, June 1997, p. 8. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid., p. 9. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid., p. 10. 21. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 22. William Pierce, “Choosing a Barbie Doll,” Free Speech, vol. 5, no. 2, February 1999, pp.1-3. 23. Ibid., pp. 2-3. 24. Ibid., p. 3. 25. Ibid. 26.

The New World Order

1. William Pierce, “The New World Order,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 9, S e p t e m b e r 1997, p. 12. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. The following list is drawn from William Pierce, “The New World Economic Order," American Dissidents Voices audio tape no. 587 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1994). 5. Pierce, “The New World Order,” p. 14. 6. William Pierce, “Thoughts on Free Trade.” Free Speech, vol.4, no.2, February 1998, pp 6-7. 7. Pierce, “Thoughts on Free Trade.” 8. Ibid., p. 6. 9. Ibid., p. 8. 10. Ibid., p. 6. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid., pp. 7-8. 13. Ibid., p. 8. 14. William Hawkins, “Globalization and the Decline of the Family,” Chronicles, vol. 23, no. 5, May 1999, pp. 42-43.

420 15. Pierce, “Thoughts on Free Trade,” p. 8. 16. Ibid., pp. 8-9. 17. William Pierce, “Non-White Immigration,” American Dissident Voices a u d i o tape 631 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1995). Also, see two books that are favorites among those who are on Pierce’s side of the p o l i t i c a l spectrum: Jean Raspail, The Camp of the Saints (New York: Charles Scribner’s and Sons, 1975); and Brent Nelson, America Balkanized: Immigration’s Challenge to G o v e r n m e n t (Monterey, VA: The American I m m i g r a t i o n Committee, 1994). 18. Pierce, “Non-White Immigration.” 19. Ibid. 20. William Pierce, “The New World Order,” p. 15. 21. William Pierce, “Hands Off Yugoslavia,” American Dissident Voices broadcast, April 3, 1999. 22. William Pierce, “The New World Order,” American Dissidents Voices broadcast, April 24, 1999. 23. William Pierce, “Nationalism and the New World Order,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 5, May 1998, p. 12. 27. Pierce’s Vision 1. William Pierce, “Toward a Healthy Society,” Free Speech, vol.3, no. 5, M a y 1997, pp. 12-15. 2. William Pierce, “Democracy,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 7, July 1998, p. 4. 3. William Pierce, “The Nature of Patriotism,” Free Speech, vol. 3, no. 4, April 1997, pp. 2-5. 4. William Pierce, “Thinking About a White Future,” Free Speech, vol. 4, no. 8 . August 1998, pp. 6-8. 5. William Pierce, “Thoughts on Accepting Responsibility,” Free Speech , vol. 5, no. 2, February 1999, pp. 14-15. 6. William Pierce, “Cowardice and Individualism,” Free Speech , vol. 4, no. 6, June 1998, pp. 9-12. 7. William Pierce, “Brainwashing in America, “ American Dissident Voices audio tape no. 629 (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1995). 28.

The Leadership Conference

1. National Alliance Bulletin, April 1998. 2. Ibid. 3. National Alliance Membership Handbook (Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books, 1993). 4. James Ridgeway, Blood in the Face: The Ku Klux Klan, Aryan Nations, Nazi Skinheads, and the Rise of a New White Culture, 2nd ed., New York: T h u n d e r Mouth Press, 1995). 5. See Glen Jeansonne, Gerald L. K. Smith: Minister of Hate (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988).

421 6. National Alliance Bulletin, July 1999, pp. 1-2. 29. Last Contact