The maintenance of an inversion polymorphism in Coelopa frigida. PhD thesis, University of Nottingh

Butlin, Roger Kenneth (1983) The maintenance of an inversion polymorphism in Coelopa frigida. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13015/2/344422_vol2.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf

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The Maintenance in

of

an Inversion

Coelopa

Polymorphism

fries

by Roger Kenneth

Butlin,

Volume II

M. A. (Cantab. )

Contents Pam Chapter

.88.1 8.2 8.3

and its

Variation

-

Introduction

-

Sizes

-

Fecundity

Consequences 309

in natural

309

populations

and longevity

314

8.3.1

Collection

of virgins

315

8.3.2

Longevity

and fecundity

317

9-

Chapter

Size

Adult

Adult

9.1 -

Introduction

9.2

-

Speed,

-

"Three-fly"

-

Mass choice

-

Isolated

-

Mating

9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Success

and Male Mating

Size

323 and frequency

duration

324

of mating

experiments

328

experiments

345

female

348

experiments in

success

laboratory

undisturbed

360

cultures 9.7

Mixed

-

9.8 Chapter

fatherhood

378

egg batches

of

384

Discussion

10 - Discussion

10.1 10.2 -

Synthesis

392

Implications

403 407

Acknowledgements

Appendices 1-

Genotype

in

frequencies

from

samples

natural 408

populations 2-

Adh genotypes the

4-

larva

Results series

on each day from

emerging

made

at

St.. Mary's'Island

on

413

1980

Development the

of

collection

6 April 3-

flies

times

and sizes

to adult

density

of electrophoresis from

5-

Results

6-

Wing lengths

of

the

the of

of

flies

in

emerging

416

experiments of

experimental

animals wrack

crosses

described

flies

from natural

in

from

core 425

bed Chapter

populations

7

430 487

Page 7-

from 8-

Results

9-

Results

10 -

Listing

References

and fecundity

Longevity

laboratory

of

individual

flies

lines

492

three-fly

498

of

the

of

the mating

of

the

mating

experiments

cage experiment

simulation

program

505 512

514

309

8

Chapter

Size

Adult

8.1

Variation

Consequences

Introduction

Coelopa frigida

Adult

That

this

levels

of

populations. in

variation several I have

repeated in

results

the

these

larval

effect

results

on chromosome I as a whole different

the

to their present

genotypes

possible

in natural

Sizes

a)

Methods Samples two ways. around

weather

of

flies

wrack

and between

is

competition have

also

is

not

clear

due to

the

inversion

It

itself.

The sizes

development

to their

related

In

culture. between

this

Ah

and I will

differences.

size

times

and I will

chapter

genotype examine

of

and size some

.

populations

were

a large

are usually

from natural

taken

as adults

an insect

aspirator.

sample

in

this

deep in wrack

The remaining

It

samples

or in were

is

only

in

crevices taken

one flies

by collecting

way because

beds

in

populations

taken

were

beds with

pebbles.

effect

populations

Two samples

to obtain they

of

5).

1978).

Collins

experiments

the Adh locus

association

in natural

in

(Chapter

genetic

laboratory

the

consequences

8.2

possible

that

evidence

can be detected

from

in

viabilities

size

due to

has been demonstrated

my laboratory

or to

are

least,

at

an increase

that

this

in natural

size

and Thompson 1960,

Burnet

on adult

whether

in part

competition

but

adults

in

variable is,

variation

observation

smaller

shown a genetic from

are very

(Mayhew 1939,

times

of

its

and

rarely

cold in

by the

cliffs "adult"

310

collecting

in

described

method

have been analysed:

St. Nary's Morfa

as Larvae

Collected

5 December 1980

Nefyn

Rustington Island

14 November

1919

20 November

1979

4 December

1980

Kampinge

Kampinge

except south

me to

(This measure

Only males 1980 were

is

which

Malmö.

of

allowed

locations

site

from

the

extreme

was

some of

the

adults.

large

were

by

Sweden,

20 Km

for

adult

of

of January

sample

2 immediately

Chapter

sites

Dr. T. H. Day who kindly

Island

required

was used as a measure in

of

all

)

St. Mary's

females

3 for

Chapter south-west

collected

the

were made as described

another

experiment.

size.

Measurements

before

electrophoresis.

Results The results

in

given

sample

as the

studied

Wing length

b)

in

in

are

1980

12 January

Island

St. Mary's

Precise

samples

-

as Adults

Collected

The following

3.

Chapter

8.1

Table

Kampinge

are

8.1.

and Figure

sample

as in

in

given

all

6 and are

in Appendix

full

The AdhC allele from

samples

summarised

in

was rare

the

(Day et

Scandinavia

al,

in

). prep. The

common genotypes in

the

is

DD flies

true

the

four

BD and

(Chapter

of both

The relationship

males. over

(BB,

laboratory

on average,

This

between

relationship

widely

DD)

5).

is In

genotype

very all

and females

between separated

for to

similar cases

but

genotype

populations

the

is

three

that

BB flies

and heterozygotes

smallest

males

and

size

are

observed largest

intermediate.

much more marked

and size despite

is

in

constant

differences

in

MALES 3.0

2.0-

4.0

5.0

"

SMa

F---

-:

R

If

-.

----;

MN

s

------A

3Mb 1--.

F- " -1 s---I

f----

---i

I----

RU

KA

I" U --

I_ I ---- A -4

4

FEMALES 0nznanz S --

r--

MN

I--£-i

8Mb

I--.

RU

KA

S--i U ---4

r--wI_£-4

_-!

i-S-i I-. I.-

--4 A -i

" -1

_I ---1

Fig. 8.1

The mean wing are -

shown

see

and development

Wing lengths

for

Chapter

Sample

lengths, males

with

females.

and

frigida

ranges

for

each genotype

units

are

graticule

The

2.

divisions

_

collection

sites:

Sm(i)

St. Mary's

Mn

Morfa

Sm(ii)

S. Mary's

Ru

Rustington

Ka

Kampinge

Alcohol

observed

of Coelopa

times

January

1980

November

1979

Island,

Nefyn

dehydrogenase

Island,

genotypes:

-

"

BB

BD

f

DD

311

overall

mean size

larval

(see Chapter

density is

genotype

the

simply

which

in

than

much greater

The variance

5).

bed but

wrack

diversity.

In some cases

the

distributions

is

not

consistent

skewed but

this

genotypes.

It

between is

there

of

in

larvae There

these

the natural

to

relative are

is

it

If

large.

are

BC flies

least,

the

sizes

of as and aß individuals should

be intermediate

should

have wide

rather

size

BC flies

because al

ranges

male

and three

of size in

fall

do not

within

consistent

in males

but,

between

size

than

at

between

the

of

be

should fall

should

are

between

a mixture

Similarly

BD and DD. they

Adh

the Adh locus

BC flies

1982).

because

size

variances

the Adh-C allele

the

(Day et in

distribution

are due to an effect

carrying of

from

sample

a patchy

in

differences

polymorphism flies

sizes

sample

CD flies.

the BB and BD genotypes

of

and the

populations

of

small

common genotypes

than the

nor

bed.

three

The mean size

predictable. that

the

assumed that

chromosome I inversion itself,

may reflect

The mean sizes

larger

in natural

genotypes

wrack

the

to be

appear

populations

largest

the

genetic

sizes

between of

in

skewness

few BC and CD flies

are

genotypes

positions

of

1980 - or it

Island,

of

in

density

greater

represent

also

may be an effect

no suggestion

St. Mary's

could

may be

This

larval

of

each

within

cultures.

conditions

the natural

rather

of size

laboratory

of more variable

result

in

due to differences

are presumably

the Both

CD flies

genotypes

are karyotypically

heterogeneous. Of the genotypes,

four only

the males

from

female St. Mary's

samples Island,

containing 1979,

these follow

the

-

312

Table

Wing

8.1

lengths

and Adh

genotypes

of

flies

from

natural

populations

a) MALES

BB

Site 's

Adh Genotype BD CD

BC

x 3.86±0.19

Island (Jan. '80)

n

NefYfe

x 3.80±0.99

10

DD

3.38±0.13

3.60±0.04

13

89

24

59

4.15±0.92

3.74±0.15

3.76±0.23

3.46±0.11

:;

2.96±0.04

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