tiental Series. Lusacs Religions

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-1941 ®tiental Series. Lusacs Religions E-Witch Magician\\\'s ......

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t h e o r i e s put f o r w a r d or m a i n t a i n e d i n thi s book are b a s e d on a s tudy of th a t i n t r ic a t e d e mo n ology w hich ha s g r a du a lly d e v e lop e d t hr oughout the l a n d s T h e e a r li e s t wr itt e n r e co r d s of t hi s o f We s t e r n As i a m a g ic a r e f ou n d i n th e cu n e i fo r m i n c a n t a tion t a bl e t s fr om As s y r i a ; a n d a id e d by th e v a r iou s s t e ppi n g s to n e s a ffo r d e d by R a bbi n ic t r a ditio n S y r i a c mon ki s h wr iti g s a n d Ar a bic t a l e s w e c a n t r a c e i ts g r owth d e c a d e n c e th r oug h t hr e e t h ou s a n d y e a r s dow n to an d i ts s u r viv a l i n mod e r n O i e n t a l s up e r s titio n F u r th e mo r e th e p a r a ll e l s a ffo r d e d by Ar y a n a n d H a mitic a tio n s s h ow h o w clo s e th e g r oov e s a r e i n w h ich s a v a e g id e a s r u n a n d t ha t the p r i n cipl e s of m a g ic a r e br o adly i n e a ch s e pa a te n a tio n coi n cid e n t a d s p e a ki e t y g All t h e s e a s f a r a s w e k ow o f i n d e p e n d e t i n v e n tio n combi e to t h r ow light on m a n y of the s up e r s titio s p e culi a r cu s tom s o f th e O ld T e s t a m e n t a n d h e lp to e x pl a i n th e h id d e n r e a s o n why t h e s e cu s tom s e x i s t e d F om a s tudy o f th e ch a r a ct e r i s tic s o f th e e vil s pi r it s w hic h th e S e mit e b e li e v e d to e x i s t e v e r y w h e e c e t a i d e ductio s c a n be m a d e w h ich be a r i tim a t e ly on ou k n owl e dg e of th e o r i g i n s of c e r t a i n t a bu s a d th e p r i n cipl e of a ton e m e n t T h e s e m a y be b r i e fly s ta t e d thu s THE

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All e vil s pi r it s could i n flict bod ily h u t on ma n an d h l b s pi r it s um a n be i n g s 2 Th a tio n s e tw e e n e e ( ) w e r e s o clo s e th a t bo t h s e mi divi n e a n d s e mi d e mon i a c offs p r i n g could be bo r n o f i n t e r m a r r i a g e be tw e e n t h e m e it h e r of h um a n moth e rs o r fa t h e r s n te r m a r i a e h i n s pi r it s F om t i li i wit h ef b e s 3 ( ) g c e r ta i n s e x u a l f u ctio n s T he s e a r os e th e ta bu s on h e a dv e t h r e s en t e o r y ) i n dica te t p th a cco r di n t e t o ( g p r o x imity o r p e s e n c e of m a r i a g e a bl e d e mo n s w ho would tol e r a t e n o m e ddli n g i n t h e i r a mou r s H e ce fe a r i n g th e i r j e a lou s y s e g e g a t e d th e th e t r ibe s m a n co n ta mi n a t e d p e r s o fr om th e r e s t of th e t r ib e for s uc h tim e a s h e d e e m e d e x p e di e n t i n 4 n tly h a pp e n e d th a t I t f qu pit c e e s e o f t h e a ( ) t a k e n to i s ol a t e a l l p e r s o n s or thi n gs ta bu a m a n might br e a k a n u n witti n g ta bu a n d a s a r e s ult would f a ll s ick f r om th e a t ta ck of a r e s e n t f ul s pi r it T he p i e s t wa s t h e n ca ll e d i n to e x o ci s e th e d e mo n which h e wa s a bl e to do by a t r a n s fe r e n c e o f th e d e mo n i a c i n flu e n c e fr om the bod y of hi s p a ti e n t i n to s om e oth e obj e ct h f h e a to n e m e n t p r i n cipl e i Thi s t e b a s e o t T 5 s h ( ) p i e s t fi s t of a ll i n v e i g l e d or d ov e out th e d e mo n fr om th e s ick m a n i n to a w a x fi g u r e o r s l a ug h t e e d kid w a s t h e n a bl e to d e s t oy it a n d he As C ivili s a tio n p r oc e e d e d the mo s t p r ob a bl e t he o y i s tha t the o i g i na l id e a of the s l a u g ht e r e d kid be ca m e m e r g e d i n t ha t o f th e o r di n a r y s a c r ific e r e p r e s e n ti n g a commo n m e a l wit h T h e c a c a s e of th e kid t h e n pl a y e d th e p a r t th e g od 1 ( )

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o ffe r i n g i n th e s e n s e i n w h ic h it i s n ow u n d e s tood i n s t e a d of be i n g a r e c e pt a cl e fo th e d e mon coz e e d f o t h f om th e p a ti e n t n r oc e e d e d h a s f a r h r H vi p t u p i cipl 6 t e n f e o ( ) g for th e fi r s tbo r n d e m a n d s a tt e n tio n Thi s s ub s titutio n p r imitiv e c a n n ib a l fe a s t s a pp a e n tly t a k e s i ts o r i g i n i n th e h o r o r o f w h ich w a s s o f t e e d a s th e S e mit e s i n p og r e s s Wit h th e i r mig r a tio n p e r ha p s a dv a n c e d to a mor e f e r til e l a n d wh e r e s tr e s s of po v e r ty a n d fa mi n e did n o t d e m a n d s uc h e x t e miti e s a s c a n n ib a li s m f om a co n t e mpo r a e ou s r i s e i civili s a tio a n d a ls o it b e ca m e n a tu r a l to s ubs titut e a be a s t for a t r ibe s m a n a t th e t ib a l s a c r ifici a l f e a s t s T h e s tudy o f t a bu fr om th e A s s y r i a n s id e h a s b e e n comp a r a tiv e ly e g l e ct e d a d y e t th e e vid e n c e h ith e r to h e r iti s e i fo m s h ow s l f om t cu w t h t it a ea n e d g g p r a ctica lly th e s a m e f o m s i n Me s opota mi a i e xi s te d I ha d h op e d to fi d mo r e p r o of i n ot h e cou t i e s as cu n e i f o r m t a bl e t s d e a li n g wi th o f i ts p r e s e n c e i n c e r t a i m e dic a l a d ki n d r e d s ubj e ct s i n th e B r iti s h M u s e um but my two a pplic a tio s for p e mi s s io to copy u n publi s h e d t a bl e t s o f t h i s n a tu e w e e e fu s e d by the H e n c e th e m a t e i a l a t ha n d for M u s e um a ut h o iti e s mo s t i n t e r e s ti n g b a n c h of C omp a r a ti ve of a S tudy a R e li g io n i s mo e imp e fe ct t ha n I could h a v e wi s h e d s ci e n tific v a lu e of w ha t w e a ctu a lly e l a tiv e an d th e k n ow on t hi s s ubje ct i s p r opo r tio a t e to th e a mou n t w h ic h m a y be a ffo r d e d a t s om e l a t e r d a t e o f e vid e n c e by t h e s e p ivy docum e n t s of



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lmo s t u n n e c e s s a r y to s a y how much I a m i n d e bt e d to R O BE RTS O N S M I TH S R e l i g i on of the S em i tes Golde n Bou g h for th e m a n y quota tio n s a n d FR A Z E R S b e a in g on t h i s s ubj e ct w h ic h I ha v e t a k e n fr om t h e m ; to th e E n c y c l op oeoli a Bi bl i ca a n d Jew i s h E n c y c lop ce oli a ; to t ha t s to r e h ou s e of Ar a bic f olklo r e D O UG H T Y S A r a bi a Des er ta ; to C U R T I SS Pr i m i ti ve S em i ti c R el i g i on ; to S KEAT S Ma la y M a g i c ; a n d to KI N G S v a r iou s wo r ks e li io n on A s s y i a n g To my u n cl e F r e d e r ic Thomp s o n I o w e h e a r ty t h a n k s n ot o n ly fo th e ca r e a n d t r oubl e which h e h a s t a k e n i n r e a di n g th e p r oo f s h e e t s but a l s o for m a n y a pp r op r i a t e s u g g e s tio n s of w h ic h I h a v e g l a dly a v a il e d my s e l f S uch a boo k a s t h i s mu s t n e c e s s a r ily b e imp e r f e ct a r ee h h wit d ductio t t e a a n d n ot e v e r yo n e will e n h s t g But a s H um e s a y s i n hi s di s cu s s ion ha v e b e e n m a d e “ a wi s e m a n t h e r e f o r e p r opo r tio s h i s M i r a c les o h e w e i g h s th e oppo s it e b e li e f to the e vid e n c e h e co n s id e r s whic h s id e i s s uppo r t e d by e x p e r im e n t s : th e g r e a t e r n umb e r of e x p e r im e n t s to t ha t s id e he i n clin e s wit h doubt a n d h e s it a tion ; a n d w h e n a t l a s t h e fi x e s hi s j ud g m e n t th e e vid e n c e e x c e e d s n ot w h a t we pr op e ly c a ll p r oba bi l i ty a





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l ov e s ick Be da wi or the a mul e t o f o me S y r i a n wi s e wom an a ga i n s t the E vil Ey e ; the p r i n cipl e s which u n de r li e the r oot s of r e ligio n it s e l f a n d s uch wiz ar d r y go d e e p i n t for thi s r e a s o n i f for n o oth e m a gic a n d witchc r a f t d e s e r v e t o b e co n s id e r e d a s s om thi n g mo r e t h a n the impote n t A s r e l i g i o u s p r m C pl e s d e v e lop ed tr ick e r y of C h a r l a t a n s th e m s e lve s a mo n g p r imitiv e s a v a g e s m e n b e gan to l e a r n my s t e r iou s n a t u r al fo r c e s which would s om e thi n g o f the j gho s tly comb a t e n a bl e on e t r ib a l wiz a r d to pit him s e l f i n a g a i n s t th e w a r lock o f a n oth e r cl a n a n d d e fe a t hi m by W h e n E lij a h p r i e s t o f Ya h we h hi s s up e r io r m a gic ch a lle n ge s the p r i e s ts of B a a l to a t e s t of comp a r i s o n b e tw e e n hi s god a n d t h e i r s he i s o n ly doin g wh a t m e dicin e m e n o f di fie r e n t s a v a g e t r ib e s a lw a y s do ; thi s an d in i n t e r t r ib a l w a r fa r e of witch d octor s we c a n s e e ho w di fie r e n t cl a s s e s a r o s e a mo n g tho s e who w r ought i n s pi r itu a l m a tte r s F i r s t the p r i e s t who wa s the h e a d o f th e p r o fe s s io n a n d him a s ucc e s s iv e li n e of m a gic wor k e r s i n g r a d e s o f a fte r d e c r e a s i n g p ow e u n til we a r r iv e a t th e bo tt om un g of the l a dd e r the witch w hos e bu s i e s s it i s to c a s t s p e ll s or m a k e lov e ph ilt r e s or di e t d i n k s o f h e b s for a mi s e r a bl e p r ic e Th e n wh e n the e x i s t e n c e o f th i s l w e r or d e r of a

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b e for e th e Ki n g L a Ma g i c e t l As tr ol og i e 4 0 e x pl a i n s th i s ( qu oti n g L a n e s Ma n n e r s a n d Cu s toms ii 1 0 3 ) by a t r i c k th e ma g i c i a n s h a v e of t h r owi n g a vi p e r i n t o a ki n d o f tr a n c e t hr ou g h c omp r e s s i n g i ts he a d a n d m a ki n g it H e qu ote s a ls o T h Pa vi e S u r l es H a r r i s R e vu e d es a pp e a r a s a r od Al Be i dawi ( qu ot e d S a le Kor a n S u r a h vi i ) D eu x M on d es xl v 4 6 1 s a y s t ha t th e s e ma g i c i a n s i m p os e d on th e by s t a n de r s wit h p i e c e s of r op e a n d wood wh i c h t h e y m a de to wr it he l ik e s e r p e n t s O th e r i n s t a n c e s of O l d T e s t a me n t ma g i c a r e c on t a i n e d i n E x od x v 525 whe r e the wa t e rs of M ar a h a r e ma de s we e t by c a s ti n g i n a t r e e or ( x vii 6 ) ow wh e r e th e s t r iki n g of th e r o c k c a u s e s wa t e r to fl s er pe n

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o r c er er s i s f ully e s t a bli s h e d a n d a cc r e dit e d to whom the c r e dulou s or m a liciou s poo r will r e s or t f or a i d i n s ubt e r f uge it b e hove s the p r i e s tly c a s te t o s e t a bout de fe a tin g the m a chi n a tion s of s uch fo es to l w a n d o r d e r F or th e s e l e s s e r m a gici a n s b e i n g a bl e to i n v oke the po we r s o f d a r k n e s s c a u s e much o f th e tribute d e bit to the p r i e s t s to fin d i ts wa y by ill e ga l ch a n n e l s i n t o th e i r o wn pock e t s a n d it i s s uch up s t a r t r iv a l s who impov e r i s h the t e mpl e F r o m thi s a r i s e s o m a n y o f th e d e c r e e s a g a i n s t s orc e re r s who h a ve d a r e d to s e t th e m s e lve s i n oppo s itio n to th e e s t a bl i s h e d c a s t e The m en o f ol d n e v e r mi s t r us t e d the pow e r o f the s or c e r e r m e r e ly b e c a u s e he wa s o f l ow d e g r e e ; to the m he wa s quit e a s c a p a bl e o f l a yi n g a s p e ll a s th e p r i e s t wa s o f e movi n g it H e n c e we fin d th a t a lthough m e r e c on j u r i n g i s to da y r e ck on e d the low e s t d e pth s to which m a gic c a n d s c e n d on e o f the mo s t bl a ta n t tr ick s po s s ibl e i s d e s c r ib e d i n th e A s s y r i a n l e g e n d of the C r e a tio n it s e l f T he god s a s s e mbl e th e m s e lv e s to p r a i s e M a r duk i n cho r us : T he n th e y s e t i n th e i r mid s t a ga r me n t a n d u n to M a r duk th e i r fir s t bor n th e y s p a k e : M a y thy fa t e 0 lo r d be s up r e m e a mo n g th e god s to d e s t oy o r c r e a t e ; s p e a k t h o u the w o r d a n d ( t hy comm a n d) s h a ll be fulfill e d Comm a n d n ow a n d l e t the ga r m e n t v a n i s h a n d s p e a k th e wo r d a g a i n a n d l e t the g a r m e n t r e a pp e a r ! Th e n h e s p a k e wi t h hi s mouth a n d the g a r m e n t v a n i s h e d ; 1 a ga i n h e comm a n d e d it a n d the g a r m e n t r e a pp e a r e d I n n o wi s e mo r e a dv a n c e d i s the s to r y of the r od b e comi n g a n d M oh a mm e d a n t r a ditio n r e l a t e s a s e r p e n t i n Ex odu s iv t h a t Ab r a h a m him s e l f wa s a bl e to wo r k s imil a r m a gic ; s

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lli n g th e y e a r b e fo r e the s a bb a tic a l y e a r i s g e n e r a lly good for g r owi n g wh e a t th e pulli n g up [ i n s te a d of cutti n g] of p e a s e will p r e s e r ve t h e m f r om b e i g s poil e d “ Acco r din g to the R a b bi s An e n ch a n t r i s he who a ugur s ill wh e n hi s b r e a d d r op s fr om hi s mou t h o r i f he d r op s the s tick th a t s uppo r t s him f r om hi s h a n d o r i f hi s s on c a ll s a ft e r him or a c r ow c a ws i n hi s h e a r i n g or a d e e r c r o s s e s hi s p a th or he s e e s a s e r pe n t a t hi s r ight h a n d or a f ox on h i s l e ft Th e r e i s a cu r iou s s to y i n Pes a chim “ of a m an b e witch e d by a for m e r wi fe Th e s t a t e m e n t e l s e wh e r e tha t te n a n d f ou r a r e e x clud e d f r om e ight si x the e v e n n umb e r s which a r e i n j u r iou s o n ly r e f er s to a ct s c a u s e d by e vil s pi r i t s ; but wh e r e witchc r a ft i s co n c e r n e d tho s e a n d mo r e n umb e r s ma y p r ov e i j u r iou s a s i t e ve n ha pp e n e d th a t a m a o n c e divo r c e d hi s wi fe a n d s h e th e n b e ca m e th e wi fe of a wi n e d e a l e r T he fi r s t hu s b a n d would ge n e r a lly go to th a t win e d e a l e r for hi s wi n e a n d th e y tr i e d to b e wi t ch him but wi thout s ucc es s ; for he wa s a lw a y s c a r e ful to a v o id the e v e n n umb e r s O n e da y h e se

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imbib e d too fr e e ly a d a f t e r d r i n ki n g hi s s i x te e n th cup h e b e c a m e co n fu s e d a n d did n ot k n o w how m a n y h e ha d d r u n k S o t h e y s a w to it t ha t he d r a n k a n e v e n n umb e r s ucc e e d e d i n b e wi t chi g him Wh e n he w e n t a n d th e n i n t o the s tr e e t he wa s m e t by a c e r ta i n m e r ch a n t who s a id I s e e a mu r d e r e d m a n w a lki n g b e fo r e m e No t b e i g a bl e to p r oc e e d fa r th e r th e d r u n k e n m a n e mb r a c e d a tr e e f or s uppo r t wh e n th e t r e e e mi t t e d a g r o a n a n d d i e d up a n d the m a n wa s kill e d But e v e n witchc a ft a cco r di n g to h a s n o e fie c t a g a i n s t a h e a v e n ly d e c r e e Th e r e wa s a wom a n who t r i e d to t a ke e a r th R Ha n in a “ a n d h e s id f o r s or ce r y r o m b e n e a th h i s foo t I f f ou ( ) y t hi n k y ou will ucc e e d i n a ffe c t i g m e with you r witchc r a ft a s I a m n o t a f r a id o on a d do s o g It i s cu r iou to e e t h a t th e r e i s a n A r a b t r a ditio n th a t m a gic will n t w or k whil he th a t wo r k s it i s a s l e e p who w e r e t wo of the E gyp t i S a d ur a n d Gha dfir m a gici a n s pi t te d a ga i n s t M o s e s the s on s o f a fa mous s or c e r e r w e r e s e n t f or t o c o u t a n d th e i r moth e r p e r s u a d e d th e m to go to the i r fa the r s tomb to a s k hi s a dvic e The fa t h e r a n s w e r e d t h e i r c a l l a n d t old t h e m a mo n g o th e r thi g s t h a t e n ch a n t m e n t s h a v e n o e ffe ct whil e th e e n c ha n t e i a sle e p Although the powe r of e vil s pi r i t s wa s much f e a r e d e t wi s e m e n could s o m e tim e s ov e r r e a ch S a t a n him s e l f i n y cun n in g S u ch t l e s e x i s t e p e ci a lly a m on g the mode r n A r a b s who d e light to r e l a te s uch l e ge n d s p a r ticul a ly i f t h e y r e dou n d to th e c r e di t of loc a l p a t r iotis m I bli s o n c e to a n a s s e mbly of h on ou r a bl e p e opl e with s on s e n t hi s a n d told hi m to h a v e the fli n t s to n e wov e n a fli n t s to n e n

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b e c a m e un cl e a n t h r ough a d e a t h i n a t e n t th e m e thod of cl e a n s in g wa s to ta k e s om e of t he s e a s h e s a n d mi x th e m A cl e a n ma n wa s th e n wi t h r u n n i g w a t e r i n a v e s s e l a n d s p r i kl e it on the to t a k e hy s s op dip i n thi s w a t e r t e n t the v e s s e l s th e r e i n a n d the p e r s on s wh o h a d b e com e u n cl e a n by r e a s on o f the c o p s e S a l e p oi n t s ou t th e s imil a r i t y o f t hi s s t or y of th e r e d h e i fe r wit h a n Ar a b p a r a ll e l of a cow c a lf l e ft by a fa th e r H i s m oth e told him to s e ll th e c a l f for t h r e e to hi s on pi c e s o f gold ; a n a n g e l a cco s te d him on th e wa y to m a r k e t a n d o ff r e d S ix pi e c e s but th e s o n d e cli n e d to mot he r con s e n te d H e th e r e f r e r e t u r n e d s ll u n t il h i s hom obt a i n e d hi s moth e r s p e r mi s s ion a n d g a i n me t as much who thi s t im e o ff r e d him twic the a n g e l p r ovide d t ha t he would s a y n othi n g of it t hi s moth e r T he y ou n g m a n h ow e v e r did n o t g e e n d h i s moth e r p e rc e iv e d th a t i t wa s a n a n g e l th a t ha d s poke n T he a n g e l t h e n d e cl a r e d th a t th e I s r a e lit e s would t s om e tim e buy t h a t he i f r a t a n y p r ic e S ho r tly a ft e r wa r d s a mu r d e r wa s commit t e d a n d i n the a b s n c e o f e vid e n c e a s to the c r imi n a l G od comm a d e d t ha t a c ow with s uch a n d s uch m a r k s s hould be kill e d a n d thi s a ppli e d o n ly t o the h e i fe r i n qu e s tio n T he I s r a e lit e s w e r e oblig e d to buy h e r a t s much gold a s he r hid e would h old a t r a diti o n s imil a r to th a t c on t a i n e d i n the his to r y of the wo r d Bép ; a n d th e n th e y s a c ific e d the h e i fe r a n d by divi n e di r e ctio s t r uck the d e a d body with p a r t o f it Th e co p s e r e viv e d 2 a ccu s e d the mu r d e r by n a m e a n d t h e n fe ll b a ck d e a d ,

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l xiv

O E CHAR M S

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hi s to r ic a l i n s cr iption a s wh e a t wh e r e of the s h a p e i s fa s hion e d a s the s e e d s o f s t on e s cucumb e r s s uch a s a r e h e ld i n p r ic e for n e ckl e t s a s to n e th a t g r a n te th (i ) the ob t a i n i n g of f a vou r a n d co n fid e n c e T he comp a r i s on wi t h th a t n o s ick n e s s d r a w n e a r to m a n 1 co r n a n d s e e d s of cucumb e r i s too obviou s to be mi s s e d “ — S pi n tog e th e r h a i r fr om T he A s s y r i a n p r e s c r iptio n r u n s nd a th r a d th r co li e e a do a n d h a i r fr om a lio n e r n e an s ( ) g n a n d h e s h a ll r e cov e r th o bi d it n o r n e e ) [ ( ] Lov e philtr e s a n d ch a r m s for h a t r e d a r e f r e qu e n t i n E v e n th e s t a id hi s to r i a n Jo s e phu s the m a gic a l book s 2 An d to go b a ck s till lov e potio n s to r y of a a r e l a te s f ur th e r the m a n d r a k e s o f G n e s i s w e r e to h a v e the s a m e I n l a t e r E a s t e r n m a gic lov e ch a r m s a r e m a d e of e ffe ct th e b r a i n of th e hoopo e pou n d e d up a n d a dmi n i s t e r e d i n or of m a gic wick s i n s cr ib e d a c a k e with p r op e r c e r e mo n y 5 Th e bo n e s of a wi t h i n voc a tio n s a n d bu r n t i n a l a mp f r og bu r i e d f or s e v e n d a y s a n d th e n e x hum e d w o uld i f c a s t i n to w a t e r a utom a tic a lly s ho w th e m s e lv e s good for i f th e y s a n k th e y would fo r m the e i t h e r lov e or h a t r e d ; b a s e of a ch a r m for h a t e but i f th e y floa t e d th e y w e r e are

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v e ry ki n d o f a n im a l a duty wa s a s s ign e d The dog a n d the c a t w e r e r e li e v e d fr o m m e n i a l duty b e c a u s e o f the f a ith ful n e s s of the on e a n d the cl e a n li n e s s of the o t h e r w r itte n docum e n t wa s giv e n t h e m i n a tte s ta ti on an d a th e r e o f a n d the dog took ch ar g e o f it H e bu r i e d it wh e r e he k e pt hi s s tock of ol d bon e s but thi s p r i vil e g e e n vy o f the hors e a s s a n d of e x e mptio n s o r ou s e d the o x th a t th e y b r ib e d the r a t to bur row u n d e r g oun d a n d d e s t r oy the ch a r te r S in c e the lo s s of thi s docum e n t the dog h a s b e e n li a bl e on a ccoun t o f h i s c a r e l e s s n e s s to be ti e d or ch a i n e d up by h i s m as t e r a n d w ha t i s mo r e 1 th e c a t ha s n e v e r fo r giv e n him E s c a p e f r o m p r i s o n wa s to be obt a i n e d f r om ch a r m s I n E thiopic l e g e n d a c e r t a i n m a n who l a y bou n d i n p r i s o n fo r the sa k e o f Ch r i s t a pp e a l e d to th e V i r gi n a n d s he a pp e a r e d i n th e f o r m o f a bi r d a n d fl e w out o f the p r i s o n 2 with him T hi s wa s doubtl e s s mod e ll e d on the s to r y i n 3 the N e w T e s t a m e n t o f P e t e r s r e l e a s e fr om g a ol In l a te r m a gic the p ri s on e r mu s t g e t h old o f t hr e e fr e h e gg s l a id th a t da o il th e m h a r d b h ll th m w it e e a n d r e y “ on e a ch th r e e m gic wo r d s a n d e a t the e gg a n d he s h a l l go for t h by G od s T o be i n vi s ibl e wa s a n oth e r a tt a i n m e n t a l s o to b e s ought a ft e r F r om di r e c t io n s i n the l a t e He b r e w M SS a r i n g of C opp e r a n d i r on e n g r a v e d wi t h c e r ta i n m a gic s ign s a n d worn on th e p e r s o n would s cu r e thi s r e s ult ; or the h e a r t o f a bl a ck c a t d r i e d a n d s t e e p e d i n hon e y a n d wo r n e ith e r a t the be l n n m o f t h mo th with w i g e n or t h e n n a g g e

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th e e i s du e to a n a ve r ion to m a gic A H e b r e w ch a r m “to dr y up a r iv e r i s to w it e a m a gic a l n a m e on a s ton e f r om the s a m e w a t e r on the S a bb a th a n d c a s t it i n to th e M a n y s u ch ch a r ms a r e to be fou n d i n th e S ep he r s tr e a m Th e form e r c on ta i n s R a s i e l a n d the S wor d of M os es m e thods for tur n i n g th e h e a r t o f a wom a n puttin g lov e b e tw e e n hu s b an d a n d wi fe filli g the hou s e with s m ok e a n d fir e a n d m a n y oth e r r e c e ipt s o f th e sa m e n a tu r e E n ough ha s b e e n s a id howe v e r o n the m a g ici a n s a n d t h e i r lite r a tu r e a n d pow e r s T he i r w a r fa r e a ga i n s t the gobli n s a n d gho s ts d e m a nde d a k n owl e dge of c e r t a i n p r e s cr ib e d r ul e s which m a d e th e i r m a gic e ffe ctu a l wh e n p r op e r ly p e r for m e d The i r p er o n a l r i s k f r om d e mo n i a c a tt ck s wa s s m a ll a n d i n m a n y c a s e s the m a gic C i r cl e wa s a s a fe gua r d a lthough it s e e ms to h a v e b e e n u s e d mor e to p r o te c t the s ick ma n i n e a r ly t i me s th a n the p r i e t Bu t p r ovid e d th a t th e y k n e w the p r op e r wo r d o f pow e r di s p la y e d a n o s te n ta tio us k n owl e dg e of th e i r gho s t ly a s s a il a n t n othi n g f u r t h e r wa s w a n ti n g to a s ucc e s s ful i s s u e th a n s om e con c r e te ch a r m a s a n e ff e ctive a i d to the d e mon s e x pul s io n s

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th e e i s m e n tio of s v e a ge l s t h a t h a d the s e v e n pl a gu s a d we m a y u e ly s e s om e e cho of the s e ve n “ Th e thi g s a ith h t h a t b a th the s e v e n e vil S pi i t s i “ An d th r e w e e S pi it s of G od a d th e s e v e n s t a s l a mp s o f fir e bu n i n g b e for e the th r on e which a r e s e ve n 2 f Go d Aga i n be tw e n the s e ve n th e s e v e n S pi it s A s s y r i a n pi i ts a n d the e v e n de v a o a ch d e m on s o f Zo r oa s t r i a n i s m t he r mu s t u doub t e dly be s om e c on e ction pi i t s a s th n b e a r e s Th e cu r i ou s d e s c iptio of th e the l a t He br e w th e tr a ditio n o f the H a y y ot i e x pl a i n M o e ov e r t h e e i s a Th r on e th e ology wh o c a y G d cl a s s of n g e l s i n Moh a mm e d a n i s m c a ll e d Th r on e b e a r e r s who a e s a id to be a t p r e e n t fou r but o n the da y of t h e y will b e t e g t he n e d by a n a dditi on l r e s u r r e cti o n fou r who will th n b e a r the t hr o n e o f G od a b ove t h m Th e i p r e dil e ctio n fo hum a n bl ood a s d e s c r ib e d i n the cun e i fo m i n c a n t a ti on i s i n ke e pi n g wi t h a l l the t r a ditio s a mpi r e s In a E thiopic ch a r m o f the g r i s ly m e di ae va l “ T hu s m a ke p e i h O L or d a n i n voc a t io n i s t hu s m a d e : l l d e m on s a n d e vil s pi r i t s who e a t fl e s h a d d i n k bl o od who c r u s h the bo n e s n d s e duc e the child e n of m e n ; dr iv e t h e m wa y 0 L or d by th p owe r of th e s t hy a m e 6 fr om t hy va n t a n d by the p a y e r o f t hy h o ly Di cipl e T th e s e v e n e vil s pi r i t s w s d e the e clip s e of the “ m oon T he S i x te e n t h t bl e t o f the s e i e E vil S pi r it s d e s c ib e how the S e v e n S pi i t s a t t ck d the Moon g d a n d r

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d n ge r ou s t bu b e c a u s e h e h a s e e n co n ta gi on a i s e By i n th e s p e ci a l c a s o f the di e a s e i n f ct e d b e lo gi n g s f th e oth e i n th e c a e u n cl e a n ta bu the n a l gy b e l on gi gs of s uch p e r on s who a r e un d e r th e s e t a bu s a r e l s o u n cl e a n a n d d a g r ou s Th f o r e goi n g s ho r t e x pl a n a tio n ha s b e e n o ffe r e d a s e vid e n c e b r o u ght f or w a r d a s ta n dpoin t rou n d which th e i n t hi s c ha pte r m a y c e n t r e a n d we s h a ll be b e tt e r a bl e to s e e to wh a t d e gr e e the S e mit e s h a d e volv e d a s y s t e m a tic a n d wo r k a bl e th e or y co n c e n i n g th e t a bu s of u n cl e a n n e s s I t i s n a tu r a lly the ta bu o f u n cl e a n n e s s di s ti n c t f r om the o t h e r th a t of holi n e s s th a t we h a ve to d e a l with i n p a rticul a r T he t a b u of holi n e s s i s the outcom e of th e f e a r of t a n s gr e s s io n a g a i n s t the divi n ity wh a t or com e s to the s a m e thi n g r e s p e ct fo r the godh e a d ; but v e r y di ff r e n t origi n th e ta bu of u n cl e a n n e s s h a s a b a s e of thi s a lth o ugh f e a r o f the s up e r n a t u r a l i s a t th e I t i s e a s y to a s s um e t h a t a b e a ch of s om e of also u n cl e a n l a w s i s u n pl e as i n g to the trib a l god th e p a r ticul a r ly i n the Biblic a l l e gi s la tio n ; but thi s th e ory d oe s n ot a ccou n t f or the whol e o f e v e n th e s e n ot to me n tion the fa r wid e r s cop e of the or di n a r y s a v a ge t a bu s of the p e se n t da y As R ob e r ts on S mith poi n ts thi s a s s umpti n i s a l a t e r d e v e lopm e n t to be f oun d ou t th e

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w e ll k n ow n a n d it i s the un cl e a n t a bus which a r e s till s om wh a t ob cu r e T he followi n g a r e quot a ti on s f r om wh a t R ob e t s o n S mi th i n h i s R e lig i n (g the S e mi tes s a y s of the two fo m of t bu holi n e s s a n d un cl e a n n e s s H e go e s i n t the qu e s t ion “ v e r y th o r oughly ; h e s how s th a t h oli n s s i e s s e ti lly a r e s t r icti on the lic e n c e of m a n i n th e f e on u se of “ 1 an d n a tu r a l thi n g s th a t the a n ci e n t S mi t s like o th e r e a r ly r a c e s d e e m e d h olin e s s to be p r op a ga t e d by “ 2 phy s ic a l c on ta gio n W h e n m e n e s t a bli s h r e l a tion s with the pow e r s th a t h a u n t a s pot it i s a t on c e n e c e s s a r y th a t th e r e s hould be r ul e s o f con duct tow r d t h e m a n d th e i s ur r oun di n g s T h e s e r ul e s mo r e ov e r h a v e two a s p e ct s O n the on e h a n d th e g od a n d h i s wo r s hipp e r s fo r m a S i gl e commu n ity —p r im a r ily l e t u s s uppo s e a commu n ity o f ki n s hip—a n d s o a ll th e s oci a l l a w s t h a t r e gul a t e m e n s co n duct t ow a r d s a cl a n s m a n a r e a pplic a bl e to th e ir re l tion s to a g od But on the othe r h a d the h od h a s n a tu r a l r e l a tio n s to c e r ta i n s ic a l thi n g s p y and g t h e s e mu s t b e r e s p e ct e d a l s o ; he h s him s e l f a n a tu a l li fe a n d n a tur a l h a bit s i n which h e mu s t n ot be m ol e s t e d I a l l th e i r d e a li n g s with n a tu r a l t hi n g s m e n mu s t b e on th e i r gu a r d to r e s p e ct th e divi n e p r e r og a tiv e a n d thi s t he y a r e a bl e to do by k n owi n g a n d ob s e r vi n g the r ul e s o f holi n e s s which p r e s c r ib e d e fi i t e r e s t r iction s a n d limi t a tion s i n th e i r d e al i g with th e g od a n d a l l n a tu a l thi n g s th a t i n a n y wa y p e r t a i n to the g d Amo n g ’



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v a ge s a s he s a y s a l l t a bus do n ot b e lo n g to r e ligi on p r op e r but a pp e r i n m a n y c a s e s to b e p r e c a uti o s a g a i n s t co n ta ct wi t h s pi r it s a n d th e lik e e vil a n d it i s “ wi t h th e s e l a t t e r th a t we a r co n c e r n e d W om e n a f t e r childbi r t h m e n who h a v e t ouch e d a d e a d body a n d s o for t h a r e t e mpo r a ily t a boo a n d s e p a r a t e d fr o m h um n j u s t a s the s a m e p e r s on s a r e u n cl e a n i n S e mitic s oci e ty I n th e s e c a s e s the p e r s o n u d r t boo i s n o t r e ligi on for h e i s s e p a r a te d f r om pp r o a ch to r e g a r d e d a s holy the s a n c t u a r y a s w e ll a s fr om co n ta ct wi t h m e n ; bu t hi s a c t or c on ditio n i s s om e how a s s oci t e d wi t h s up e r a r i s in g n a tu r a l d a n g e r s a cc or di n g to the commo n s a v a g e f r om the p r e s e n c e o f for mid a bl e s pi r it s e x pl a n a tio n which a r e s hu n n e d lik e a n i n fe ctiou s di s e a s e In r ul e s f holi n e s the motiv e i s r e s p e ct for th e god i n u n kn o wn of a n r ul e s o f u n cl e a n n e s s it i s p r im a r ily fe a r ho s tile pow e r though ul tim a t e ly a s we s e e i n the or Le vitic a l l e gi s l a tion the l a w of cl e a n a n d u n cl e a n m a y be b r ought wi t hi n the s ph e r e o f d ivi n e o r di n a n c e s on th e v i e w t h a t u n cl e a n n e s s i s h a t e f u l to G od a n d mu s t 2 be a void e d by a ll t h a t h a v e t o do wi t h Him S i n c e the public a tio n of R ob e r ts o n S mi th s e r di te a n d th e s tudy o f th e cu n e i fo r m i n s c ipti o n s s ci e n tific wo r k ha s p r o vid e d a n e w f a c t or i n the i t r p r e t a t io n of S e mitic T he t a n s l a tio n s o f A s s y r i a n t e x t s ha d n ot a t e ligi r e a ch e d a pitc h of s u ffici e n t th e tim e t ha t h e w r ot n or wa s e n ough m a t e r ia l a t a ccu r a cy to b e t r u s tw or thy ; sa

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ta bo o li e s a l s o a t th e bottom of the s a c r i fié e O f fir s tl i n g s a ppe a r s f r om the p r ovi s io n o f the O ld e H e b r e w l a w t h a t i f a fir s tli n g a s s i s n o t r e d e e m e d by i ts o wn e r i t n e ck s h a ll be b r ok e n I would O ffe r th e f ollow i n g a s a n e xpl a n a tio n ; the r e a s o n for s a c r i fici n g kid s or l a mb s i s th a t th e y a r e to be e a t e n a n d the blood i s t h e r e fo r e pour e d o u t o n th e g r ou n d but the a s s i s a be a s t O f bu r d e n a n d n ot f ood a n d a s s uch wa s s l a i n i n s uch a wa y a s to l e a v e the body a pp a r e n tly p e r fe ct s o t h a t it might p e r fo r m the d e i ty s wo r k i n the a bod e of the god s N a tu r a lly th e t h r o a t would n ot be cut b e c a u s e it wa s n ot a s a c r ifici a l f e a s t F r om t hi s the d e ductio n i s cl ea r I f the b ea s t i s n ot c e r e mon i a lly s l a ughte r e d a n d cook e d it will n ot be a s a c r ifici a l m e a l ; co n v e r s e ly a ll O ffe r i n g s th a t a r e s l a i n wi t h a k n i fe a n d bu r n t r e p r e s e n t the commu n a l fe a s t Jus t a s the divi n e e ffigy wa s a n oi n t e d a fte r the m a n n e r pl e a s i n g to i t chi n g ma n s o w e r e the a pp e tite s o f the god H e i n t e r m a r r i e d wi t h the t ib e a n d fe d a t the s a ti s fie d l t a bl e O ff the s a m e f ood H e n c e the l a mb which same i s s ub s titut e d i n mo r e civiliz e d t im e s fo r the firs tbo r n an d Off e r e d a t the commo n t a bl e r e p r e s e n t s the mo r e primi t iv e c a n n iba l s a c r i fic e E ve n i n s om e of the mode rn fe da c e r e mo n i e s the blood of the s ur r og a te i s da ube d on the child i n which we m a y s e e a n a tt e mpt t o p e r p e t r a t e the

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v e r y c ommo n r e ligiou s fr a ud T he d e i t y i s de c e iv e d by th e blood s t a i n e d a pp e a r a n c e o f th e child a n d a t the s a m e tim e h e f e e d s o n th e c r c a s e O f th e V ic t im T h e r e s e e m s to be li tt l e di fficul t y i n e limi n a ti n g the firs t t h e o r y O f p r ophyl a ctic a to n e m e n t E v e r y fi r s tbo r n or b e a s t i s h e ld to b e l on g t o th e god s N a y of m a n mo r e the fi r s tbor n of s a c r e d t ot e m b e a s t s a r e divin e p r op e rty for s a c r ific e Now it i s e x t r e m e ly imp r ob a bl e t h a t a s a v a g e who ow n s l a rg e po s s e s s ion s i n h e r d s a n d wiv e s will s a c r ific e n ot on ly a l a mb or a kid f om e v e r y fe r til e fe m a l e i n h i s flock s b t e v e n hi s own fi r s tbo r n to him s e l f fr om h a r m Thi s would i n the c a s e of a s a ve u n limit e d d e s tr uc t io n of p r op e r ty to r ich m an e n t il a n Obta i n a v e r y p r obl e m a t ic r e s ult S t ill mo r e i s i t u n lik e ly t h a t h e will be a llow e d t o kill the fi r s tb r n of the tot e m m e r e ly to p r e s e r v e hi s i dividu a l li fe Tote m s m a y be kill e d a n d e a t e n a t s ol e m n t ib a l m e e ti n g s but n ot by u n lic en s e d u n it s Mor e ov e r p r ophyl a c t ic a t o n e m e n t of thi s ki n d a pp r o a ch e s the n a tu r e o f th e a to n e m e n t f or ta bu or s uch as h a s b e e n d e s c r ib e d i n the p r e c e din g s i n o ffe r in g ch a pte r T he s pi r it c a u s i n g the mi s chi e f ch a n ge s i ts hum a n a bod e f or th e a n im a l i to which it i s d r iv e n a f te r l e a vi n g the m a n s b ody But t hi s a s we h a v e s e e n m a k e s the a n im a l r e a lly un cl e a n t a bu a n d u n e a t a ble b e c a u s e it i s fill e d with the s pi r it S o i f we r e t u r n to o u r a r gum e n t of th e r ich s a v a g e s uch a s l a ught e r O f s c o e s or hu d e d s O f fir s tbor n r e p r e s e n t s a co r r e s pon di n g w a s t e which i s a bs u r d T he s e co n d po s s ibili t y th t o f p os s e s s io by r e a s o n of p a t e r n i ty i s u n lik e ly Alth ugh it be g a n te d t ha t th e r igh t s of t r ib a l a m on g th e g od s ar e r e c og n iz e d d or o g ha r i m a n d tha t tot e mi s m a n d a im a l h a p e d god s giv e colour t o a b e li e f i n i n t e r mi xt u r e b e t w e e n g od s a n d b e a s t s a

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p e r iod of ign o r a n c e the gu m n t a ga i s t s uc h H e r oic d migod s h a v e f or Obviou s a hypoth e s i s i s cl e a r s c ific e d i n b a byh oo d and n e ve r be e n e a s on s e t the y y cl e a r ly the r e s ul t o f th e u ion b e t w e e n god s a n d ar e wom e n Aga i n it i s diffic ul t to s e e how th e l a w o f the fir s tf i ts O f v g e t a bl e s e tc could b e w r e s t e d i n t o a n a l o gy F u th e r mo r e a lth o ugh thi s a r gum e n t ha s li tt l e fo r c e by r e a s on O f i ts p r opo s e d e x pl a n a tio n d e mon s a s we ll a s god s m a r ie d the gi r l s of the t r ib e ; but i n thi s c a s e it i s quit e lik e ly th a t the off p r i n g a r e the a bo r t io n s a n d e s p e ci a lly t h o s e w ith phy s ic a l di s a bili t i e s wh o a r e e x clud e d c a t e go r ic a lly f r om the p i e s thood The thi r d s a c ifici a l th e o y h a s a l r e a dy b e e n di s cu s s e d a n d s e e m s th e mo s t p r ob a bl e Ag r e e i n g wi th F r a z e r h a r dly r e s i s t the w c an c on clu s i on t h a t b e for e the p r a ctic e o f e d e e mi n g th e m 2 oth e r b r a n ch e wa s i t o duc e d the H e b e w s lik e th e s a c r ific e d the S e mitic r a c e r e gul a r ly t h e i r fi r s t b or n of child r e n by the fir e or the k n i fe ( ibid He main t a i n s ( p 5 1) a g a i n s t W e ll ha u s e n (Pr oleg omen a 3 r d e d 9 0 )

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Bitu men 20 3 ;

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B r on ze i n ma g i c B r oom i n mag i c B r un iqu el 2 39 B uff al o i n mag i c ,

As , 1 5 4 , 2 0 3 A, x i , 3 7

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IND EX

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C offe r

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C u p i n ma g i c , A , 2 0 ; As , 1 2 5 , 1 2 7 ;

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Cohabita ti on , ta bu on W edn es day a n d r i day , Y , 1 3 4 ; i n be d in whi ch c hi l d S e e Ta bu s l ee ps , H , 1 3 5

F

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C oi n in ma g ic M 1 6 2 C ollyr i di an s 2 0 7 C ol ou r ed thr e ads or ha ir s .

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lvi ii

121,

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1 70 ; , 1 62 ;

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C or n e li an s as amu l e ts A l xiii l xiv C orn ers of r oom i n ma g i c A 89 1 3 5 ; As 1 6 1 ; H 89 1 86 ; Pa l 1 0 2 1 37 ; Corp se Ar a b be li e fs a bou t 5 ta bu on s ee T b ; l ooki g on ta bu As 2 6 3 5 1 1 5 1 3 1 ; H 1 1 8 ; S 1 1 4 bu t s ee Appe n di x 25 5 ; whe n 8 13 17 un bu r i ed g hos t r e tu rn s As of mur de ed man 32 g h os t r etu r ns A 6 1 tou chi n g of man e xec u te d for e a ti n g ditto 7 6 mur der 7 6 (of C otton i n ma g i c A 3 7 1 1 5 1 6 9 ; H ,

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Da wn i n mag i c , As , 56 , 84, 1 6 1 , 1 6 5 ;

M or n i ng

Da ys ,

l u c ky xxxviii

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r a se

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ee r g

tin g

li ti

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of ,

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7 2 ; c l as se s of, 2 ; i n N T , 1 0 0 As s u me an y for m , H , 4 4 ; a n imal for ms , A , 5 7 , 6 0 , 6 2 , 7 7 ; As , S , 54 ; H , Eth , 6 1 c a me ls , A, 7 7 ; wi th ’ with coc k s fee t , H , 6 1 (of As , ’ ri g e n , 60 ; don k eys l eg s , A, 6 0 ; Tes t of S ol , dr a g on s , As , 5 4 7 6 ; g oat , S a b , 5 7 ; l eopar d, As , 54 ; .

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ima l

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D amas cus , 7 8 D a mki n a , xi ii , 2 1 4 , 2 4 5 D an i e l , v , li v

D emon s ,

Cr on u s , 22 2 C r oss i n mag i c , l i ; A, 2 2 7 Cr os s ways i n ma g ic , li , 1 7 7, 2 0 1

C r ou p H

p

D e mi g ods , 1 3 2 , 2 3 6

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Cypr ess i n mag i c As 3 4 C ypr i an wome n pr os ti tuti on

da y ,

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de r i n mag i c , H , 1 4 6 i n ma g i c , As , 2 6 , 3 2 , 1 88 ;

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I N D EX li on S 5 4 ; os tr i che s A 5 7 (of 6 0) A 2 1 7 7 ; As 5 0 ; M 2 1 ; owl s ns a n ther S 5 4 n xxx ; s c o v i r e o a p p S 5 4 ; s n a k e A 5 7 (c f As 1 2 S 5 4 ; wol f S 5 4 ; ha ir y A 5 7 ; ,

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.

fl esh or

bon e s , H , 4 4 ; N T , 1 0 0 E a t, A, 5 8 ; Ah , 1 0 4 (l i c k di s he s , A, de vou r bl ood, 1 9 5 ; As , 4 8, 49 , 1 9 5 ; Eth , 5 2 ; H , 4 4 ; .

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x

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D ov e i n ma g i c , H , 1 81 , 1 87 ; n ot , s a c r i fic e d a t H ar r a n , 5 4 D r a g on , As 5 4 of R eve l a ti on , 4 3 ; T e s t of S ol , 4 3 ; s wa ll ows moon , A, e r u , S ou th S ea , 5 3 demons in s h a e of, T e s t o f S ol , 7 6 ; Be l an d, p .

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1 9 9 ; As , 5 4

xxxvi ;

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D u n g i n ma g i c , As , 1 5 3 E , 2 03 , 204 ; ’ H , 1 4 7 , 1 9 4 See L n a D u n g he aps hau n te d (s ee D emon s i n .

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H

ma g i c ),

,

cf.

1 70 ;

As , 1 77

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bl ood

on

mur der ed

of

t

(s ton e s )

de mons ) Eth , 1 5 8 ;

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A , 1 5 9 ; e qu i va l en t of wa te r i n pu r i fic ati on , A, 1 1 7 ; food of s pir its , As ,

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.

,

D og i n mag i c , li 2 0 7 , 2 1 0 ; As

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A, 3 7 Med , 1 7 3 S ee T hr es hol d D oug h i n mag i c , As , vii , 3 3 , 83 , 1 6 0 , 2 0 6 , 20 7 ; H ,

ag a in s

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n

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Gr a ve

166 ;

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1

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s ee

S c ap eg

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D on

D u bs a g Un u g ki , 4 5

.

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D e mon s ; L a dy of

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165,

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s ee

Pla i n g od , D es n , A,

3 , 33

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xxvii

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I N DEX

266

F ac e i n

Fi h

i n mag i c 1 4 1 (c f

ma g i c , A, 2 1 1 a l a g as y ma g i c , 2 1 3 F a di tr a , ’ Fair y wome n , , 1 6 4 36 i ; F a n i n ma g i c , A, ,

I

Ta bu

xx x M

See

.

of ,

207

.

lvii ; S 1 4 1 ; T es t of S ol 6 5 ; T obit l vu 7 5 1 34 F ive i n mag ic ( of pe n ta cl e ) 1 89 ; H liii F l a x i n mag ic As 88 F l ood 4 4 1 9 7 F l or i da 2 22 F lou r i n mag i c s ee M a l F l ower s i n magi c A 3 7 ; I 1 6 3 Fly i n mag i c A 2 1 0 ; As 6 3 Food i n mag i c As 1 53 20 4 2 0 5 Eth

220

.

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ma g i c ,

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1 50 11

1 15,

G ( f x mpl 1 44 ; M 3 6 a

e

by bar r e n i n c ou n te r

F iji

Fi

ma g i c , 32 , 34 ,

1 58, 1 6 3

1 4 5 , 1 6 2 , 2 0 5 ; off e r e d wome n , As , 6 4 of s or ce r e r s

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tta c k

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1 16

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xx ix

As ,

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i n ma i c , A, 2 26 ; R oma n , 2 2 7 ; g g i of ta bu on n ti n g with fin g e r , As , o p n

er

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2 52

Fi

of

H

God,

God , As , 9 6

97 ;

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of

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ha n d

,

As ,

l xviii

5 8,

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1 3 7 , 1 45 ; an d

Ta bu

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r e - g od

lviii l xiv 7 7 89 1 0 5 1 4 0 ; H xlix lviii l xiv

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xxxi a

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ma g i c , A, 7 7 ;

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1 5 , 3 0 , 5 8,

,

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211 ;

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c

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1 35 ;

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1 86 ;

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I

N D EX

xx

267

.

Ga r me n t in mag i c , As , i ; se e C lothes vii , lvii , 1 54 E , a te i n ma g i c , As ,

G

xx

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c f.

(

il dbir th

.

H

I

Ml it

i

As , 1 9 ; who s tr u a te , As , 6 7 , 1 20 Th e owl a s g h os t , A,

A,

,

1 9 , 1 20 ; 2 , , 2

M

Pl

ew

t yin g c a n n ot me n

a so ,

.

M

,

21

.

R e s tl es s g h os ts As , 1 3 ; of u n bu r i e d body, 3 ; As , 8, 1 3 , 1 7 , 3 2 Un fed by des ce n da n ts , 3 ; As , 7 , 8,

H

,

13

.

t s ta n d

can n o

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9 3 ; A, 9 ; As , 7 , 9 ; 9 ; M e d Chr , 9 1 .

,

93

e

xt

.

.

s

r

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166

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Gh t f th f mil y A 2 7 3 2 34 Gh l d i b d 6 0 9 0 Gilg mi h xx xx ii 7 E 1 2 3 3 39 os s o

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2 54

.

fis h i n mag i c , M a c , l vu 44 ; mag c , , 20 , 1

a n ds of ass

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,

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v

i n ma g ii

xlvi

s,

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7 2 , 81 , 9 6

g

Gl Gl

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i H

.

.

Gn os ti , 2 2 3 oat i n ma g i c , 5 7 , 5 9 , 2 3 3 ; A , 2 1 1 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7 ; As , liv , 82 , 1 6 1 ; , 2 30 ; .

G

H

.

E, s ;

c an

l s oul A 3 7 3 8 ; As 3 8 ; E 3 7 ; F ij i 38 ; H 3 8 ; t an mig r a tion A 5 ; H 4 1 8 ; Y 6 ; bi n di n g th e s ou l As 3 8 ,

ou

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ts 9 ; H Ghos ts su mmar y

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pa s tur e E, 8 ;

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As , 2 4 , 3 2 ; , by n aili n g

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or c s

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ki g As 3 2 Evi l man As 1 9 F allin g fr om date pal m As 2 6 H a l ots As 1 9 1 2 0 Immode s t women As 6 7 1 20

V

to wife ,

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i

wome n mar r i ed to de a d,

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k dr i n k H H si t

As , 2 0 ,

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t

r e ur n n g

G

As , 1 9 , 2 3 ; , 19 D e a d of hu n g e r , thi r s t , dr own i n g , i n th e de s er t , mar s h , or s tor m, As , 1 9 D i s e a s e d wome n , As , 2 0 D yi n g by f au lt of g od or s i n of ,

.

.

.

rs,

n

A, 9 2 ; As , 3 5

down , A , 1 7 , 1 8 They fe ed on du s t a n d mu d, As , 3 dri n k wa te r a t tombs , A, 5 , 1 6 ; e a t dr e g s , As , E , 8 ; bl ood , A, 1 6 ; food a n d dr i n k , As , 1 4 ; ,

,

.

.

23

cf

o

i n wh

40

8,

,

O f pers on s un ti mely dea d A, 2 3 Abor ti on s ( c f “

e,

x i m 93 36 ( f O i g

By

.

fr om the g ra ve , As , 7 ; H aden dowa , 1 0 ; Ar abi c belie fs , 5 ,

A,

35 ,

L a yi n g g hos ts

As , 3 , 7 ;

14 ; 1 05 ;

,

2 23

,

As ,

93 ;

os s ,

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.

(n ot c hi mma )

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ro

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of

to s i t,

.

g h os ts ,

of

F ig ht f m g h t M it 4 2

.

,

r s on e p

G

Atta c k

.

mag i c , As , 3 4 ; foot

n

orn

e s

aze

24 , 25 , 3 2 , 1 1 6

c,

a

n

e

H they

27

,

wi th whom h a d c onn e cti on dur i n g l i fe , As ,

.

,

those

to

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G 1 07 231 G ll i m g i G ll h i

H

R e tu r n to wa s h ,

.

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x

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1 83 ,

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2 16,

M , 2 2 8 S ee Ki d oa t-bear d i n ma g i c , A, xxxm 1 83

.

2 52

2 19 , .

.

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I

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God,

an d

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I

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ra,

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tt

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P

4 1 , 1 46 ; Goode r oo , 1 0 3 ,

2 30 ; S ,

,

XX

72

s,

2 13

ma g i c

H

,

Mlg y

1 64 ;

,

as

a a

,

ma g ic , S u ma tr a , 1 83 ra e n a c 1 44 A, 2 5 6 s a cr e d , des e c ra ti on of , As , Phoe n , Pa l , 1 0 7 N a b, 1 0 ; r e mova l of bon es , As , E , ’ H , 1 0 ; a hdi s tomb , 1 1 dus t fr om , A, 1 4 7 ; As , 3 3 H , 1 4 6 ; ha un te d , se e D e mon s ; g hos ts fr om g r a ve s , As , 7 r ass

o

er s

n

.

,

M

H a den dowa 1 0 ; bed of r e eds pr e ve n ts h ri i os t H 91 g g Gr ee c e xxxvi 1 74 G ee ks p i m Gr ee n i n magi c H 1 89 Gu a dia n g e l 4 6 Gu i a a 2 3 9 Gu ilt offe in g 2 1 6 ,

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v

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er

ha u n

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te d H ,

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n

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S , 5 1 ; S ab , Thr ea ds ; on ,

A, 5 7 ;

H

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,

fin g e r

g hos t , As

of

l an t

,

xxvi

.

.

of

35 ;

,

.

,

,

man , 7 s

.

,

,

un

.

H a r l ots i n mag i c As 2 4 7 ; H h s ts As 1 9 (c f g H a rr a n 5 4 H ar u t l xv ,

o

,

32 ;

as

.

.

,

H a ga r d

e th ,

4

.

H a t (P i ) n ma g i c , As , 2 0 6 H a te - cha r ms , lxi , l xiv E

H a thor a

,

.

,

,



,

.

,

g

,

.

64

,

.

.

ttd th 1 7 9 ,

.

H a u n ted pl a c es s e e D m n H wk i n mag i c G l xvii H y y a t (th on e be ar e rs ) 5 2 H e a d i n m g i c 2 2 6 ; A 2 29 ; a

-

r

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38 ;

,

As , 3 3 , 3 8,

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1 65 , 16 6,

H XX

.

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a

161,

s.

.

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a

o

e

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M

,

1 7 1 , 2 0 5, 2 1 1 , 2 1 3 ; a or , 2 1 5 36 ;

M i

.

1 08 ; A, 1 8 ;

,

xl vn

,

li ,

x

82 ,

mi n g fr om Un der wor l d, lvii , 9 9 ; fr om mou n tai n s a n d dese r ts ,

As

82 , 83

co

,

.

H e a dd e s war di n g off demon s ( P au l ) e A 90 e vil 74 y H e a rt i n mag i c A 6 1 ; As xli v 1 6 1 2 0 3 2 0 4 20 8 ; H l xvi ; T obit lvii H e ar t p l an t As xliv H ebr e ws p i m H e c tor 2 5 4 H eife i n ma g i c A l vi ; H l v 1 87 H e j az 2 0 7 H ej a 1 1 H e kate 1 4 2 0 1 H e len 2 1 6 H e li opolis 79 (i n Syr ia ) 2 2 2 (i n E g ypt) H e ll e s pon t 2 30 s

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.

.

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l tap p a n p a ma th , 5

3 6 ; ha n d

,

r

.

H al ae , 2 2 H a l f- hu ma n s pir its , 2 , 6 5 , 9 3 , 1 3 2 a

,

l t l xii H a g ed s u per s titions a bou t men 1 3 7 6 an d A i x n e d 2 56 pp H an ifa 2 0 7 H ar e i n mag i c A 5 9 ; metempsychos is of un c l e an pe rs on i n to H 4 as a mu e

,

.

,

,

229,

,

,

va g e 1 4 6 ; s e e l e g s in di c a tion of j i n n i g a h u n bou n d H IV 1 6 9 H aj s pe rs ti ti on 1 5 9 sa

han d

e

.

,

,

M



r

.

,

g

God,

2 13

.

H a de n dowa s 1 0 H a des s ee U der wor ld H adhr ama t 5 5 7 H ai r i n mag ic xlvi l 1 42 ; A 3 8 2 3 6 ; As l xiii l x i v 1 5 3 1 6 1 1 7 0 1 9 2 ; H 38 4 0 1 4 6 1 4 7 ,

.

.

s h a dow

-

.

.

H e a da c he

.

.

mag i c , As , 1 6 5 ; of God , As , 9 6 (of H ,

,

.

u a,

G tt

.

,

16 1

H a n d in

,

.

G h pp i G v i m gi

,

H an a n i a , l i v

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in

r as s

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,

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n

.

.

G th G

,

,

.

Gol d i n

o

,

34,

wi s e g ods , As , 5 6 ma g i c , 2 2 2 ; As , 2 3 0 ; G , 1xv11 ;

1 2 6)

H

,

2 5 , 4 6 fit , 1 6 7 , 2 0 6 , 2 45

,

H amath 5 8 7 8 7 9 H amma m F ar au n 5 9 H a mmer i n mag ic H H ammu ra bi xxi xxv ,

t d by s we e t s mell As H 1 9 7 fa u lt f g od As 3 2 ; e vil g od As 39 1 h xx vii f d s of n i g ht As 5 0 o t e o ; g s on of hi s g od wa tc h As xxviii ;

ods a

.

.

,

.

,

,

,

,

.

.

IND EX

270

I

i n ma g ic , A, 1 8, 3 1 , B aba r , 2 0 1 ; E th , 1 5 7 ;

r on

I q i 1 84 I ig ti m hi i I 7 8 2 2 0 2 36 ; I t i Sy i I i h xxxv lviii I hm l 4 I ht 3 3 3 73 85 ro u o s , a

s aac ,

ne

ac

,

,

165

Ih

u

s

XX

.

,

,

,

1 54, 1 5 7 ,

,

Iyya r

I

2 1 2 , 2 19 ,

H

,

20 1

,

s

-

I q i

ro uo s ,

1 84

,

x

.

.

.

,

,

.

x

l vii

,

Kidn eys i n ma g ic , H Kipp er 1 7 5 1 7 7 ,

Ki r d

,

62 ;

r en de r s

du mb , i bi d

,

Ki ri a te n , 7 9 ' Ki ska n zi li i Kis me t s ee D es ti n y Kiss i n mag ic 7 1 ; H , 89 Pa l 10 3 Ki tc hen er L or d 1 1 16 5 Ki zr i ti 7 8 ; of Temp le Kn e e li n g in ma g i c Pal 1 0 3 Kn ots i n ma g i c A 9 0 1 6 8 1 6 9 ; As .

,

.

,

.

,

xiv

.

,

.

,

.

xxvi i

,

1 06 , 1 1 7 ,

.

J o hu a the S tyli te qu oted

,

96

.

1 39 ,

,

,

,

,

,

,

3 ; 3 3 , 1 6 6 , 1 6 7 , 1 7 0—

D ay

of ,

Kha l du n

P

168

.

,

A, 1 6

.

.

.

,

1 7 0 ; I , 1 6 4 ; I bn 1 6 2 ; Med, 1 7 3 ;

Kor ba n

.

,

,

.

l

.

,

D emon s

.



.

J o dan li v J o eph 1 0 J os e phu s qu ote d

1 9 4, 1 97

,

.

,

,

s ee

1 81 , 2 33 ,

,

.

.

.

Je ypu r , 1 83 Ji dl a l (Yi dla l ) , 80 Jin n de s cr ibed , 5 7 E J on ah , 53 , 54 , 2 5 6

H

20 3 ;

,

.

.

,

16 6 , 1 6 7 , 1 78, 2 0 3 ,

,

G

2 04, 2 10 , 2 1 1 ; 234

.

,

,

,

xx x

A, 2 1 1 ; As ,

,

,

,

s

xx

x

,

.

.

,

2 00

,

.

-

,

.

,

,

i ma l for m

.

J er emi a h 1 0 Je r i cho 200 Je u a lem 1 1 1 0 1 1 5 6 22 7 Je w i n mag i c 3 7 1 0 3 1 0 5 1 6 8 J e we s Ka r i n a as A 7 7 J ewi s h bl a cks miths a c c re dited wi th mag i c

.

an

.

,

.

s

in

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

-

,

.

.

.

r

1 29

,

.

Jé ba , 80 Jehe yn a mar c hes , 6 1 J c hovab jir eh, 2 2 0 J e phthah , 2 20

Ab , 1 0 3

.

-

-

.

s

xxxv

Ka i i ap i c a n d ka i sap tn , iv Ké ma l u l ha ki m, lvi i i Ke r a k 5 8 Ke r c hie fs i n mag ic , H , 3 8 Ke r e s , 1 0 6 Ke tc h M e r i r i , 6 4 Ke ttu l i i Kha mu a s , 1 4 3 i Kheybar li , 2 0 2 , 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 , 2 42 Ki d i n ma g i c

.

Jan , 3 1 , 5 9 , 7 7 , 1 0 6 J a n u a ry i n mag i c , 1 ,

s

.

'

.

,

r

11

.

xxx

.

,

.

228

,

Ka l a h u -

m, 81

en - n o

.

.



,

,



.

.

,

,

.

.

,

,

.

da n g e r ous to n e wly wedded an d pr e g n an t women , de str oyi n g c r e ative po we r , 7 7 Ka r r hai , XX Kas di m, v

.

J a ckal i n mag ic A 5 7 J a c ob of Edes a xl vi i J aff a 1 0 5 J all a lo ddi n 6 9 Jamr a tu l Aq a ba 1 59

78

.

,

.

G

,

1 7 6 , 1 78, 22 7 , 22 8

,

Ka phs i e l 1 87 Ka r i n a 7 6 E ;

.

mon th, 1 3 9 , 1 4 1 z du ba r il g a mis h) , 7 2

J apan 1 84 J ava 1 84

Ka bus

or

,

,



4 , 1 8, 2 9

,

H ar ib

Kal du

.

bl ood,

,

.

.

Ka iéah

.

2 20 , 2 2 2 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 3 , 2 36 s s u e of

.

Kaf dr a h Hai r

I

I

,

Ka bu s ,

.

xx

,

Kabbal a

I s mai li ye h , 2 2 9 s r a e l , xxv, l vi , 1 1 4 , Is r a fil ,

,

.

.

m, 86

,

,

.

,

,

,

.

,

J ou r n ey days g ood for xxx E Ju da h 1 1 6 6 Ju n eh 80 J u n o 2 22 J u pite r 1 3 0 ; (T heba n ) s elec ts woman Jus ti n M ar tyr qu oted 7 3 ,

.

ar ,

s

,

,

r an ,

,

ae

ma g i c As 2 5 4 as de mig od 7 3

n

,

s a ac , a c e r a n

s

.

.

on -

sa a

,

2 0 ; Pse ll u s , 1 3 7 ; S , 83

1 46 ;

rr

H lxvi

115 ; 1 7, ,

.

,

H

,

145 ;

,

169 ,

M

,

I N D EX Kou yu n j i k 1 6 8 ’ K p ha r , 2 1 5 , 2 1 8 ’ K r i n octu r n al emi s s i on 81 , 1 2 2 , .

,

.

1 32 , 1 33, 255 ;

Kull abi

45

,

Ku n y i t t





Ba

s ee

al

1 3 1,



k ri

(

M l y) lviii a a

,

.

xx

.

-

.

xx

Un de r wor ld

xli i xli

L a ba r tu ,

es ,

L a ba sn

1 6 1 , 2 40 ; Chi ld wi tc h , L a

l

S ee

a so

L a mi a

an d

-

42

,

.

cf

.

.

H liii

L a ma ttn

t

tymol og i cally r i n ce of c on p

c on n e c e d

,

68

,

43 E

e

as

.

,

,

,

e

;

xpl

an a

.

.

.

L i ba n u s , 7 9 L iba tion , 1 3 9 ; p ou r e d ou t, As , 3 2 4 , 1 6 1 ; i n to e ar th , As , 9 , 3 2 , 3 3 L i li n , 7 0



.

an t

)

,

L ame ch , 4 4

63

1 00 , 2 4 5

.

42 ;

6 6 , 6 7, 7 1 , 75 , 7 7 , 1 36 ,

133,

225 ;

190,

a

ttacks

litar y s l e eper s 7 0 ; aver te d f om be d w r s hipp ed 7 2 ; n o e tymol og i c al c on n e c ti on with L a il a h 6 6 ; c ou n te r a t of As modeu s 7 5 ; s e e L a B r oo ha p r

,

o

,

,

.

r

L a mi a

and

I i li ta

1 36 ; , 41

H

Byz an tin e S e e a l s o Chi ld

A, .

,

wi tc h , L a ba r tu , a n d L a B r oos ha L a mp i n mag i c , H , 2 7 ; N T , 52 L a msa tn , 6 3 L an d of 0 R e tu r n , 3 , 1 2 ; see Un de r wor ld L an g s u yar , 2 0 , 2 1

s

,

,

.

65E

L i l d, 6 5 E 6 8,

,

1 20 ,

,

.

41 ,

ite

Li lith , 2 1 , so

.

L amb i n mag i c , 2 34 , 2 3 5 , 2 42 A, 2 1 1 As , xl v, 1 6 7 ; E , 2 0 9 ; H , 2 16 , 2 1 9 ,

a r on

.

.

wi th L ili th , 6 6 ;

M

l vm

,

.

.

n ot

L ami a ,

M

,

.

.

L e v1 te s , 2 36

L ah a bi e l , 1 6 0 ,

L a ma s s a ,

21

,

L eo i n mag i c , l xvu L eop ar d, As , 5 4

,

T abl et IV

M a l ta - se r i e s ,

c epti on ,

titi on mag i c

,

.

L ai l a h ,

.

.

,

H l i v 1 82 1 85 E ti on of Bibli ca l 1 88 L e u con oe xxx vi

L a c e i n ma g i c , As , 1 5 3 ’ L ady of the D e s e r t , 1 5 , 1 5 1

L a il a , 2 1

s u p er s

L e pr osy,

.

.

(L ilit h)

L a B r oas ka

36

.

L e mon g r a s s i n L emu r i a , 2 2 7

.

4 1 , 1 36 , 1 52 ,

,

4 1 , 43 , 9 9

,

L e mbu r g

,

.

.

B r oos ha ,

.

H

M

1 64 ; 1 70

,

,

L eg i n ma g i c , L e li ur i u m , 6 9

,

xx

x H xxxi

2 02 ;

.

,

S er

.

.

,

l

M

L ee s i n mag i c , As , 1 5 3 s ee D r eg s L e ft ha n d i n mag i c , A, 4 6 ; As , i v, vii i , lvii , li , 2 7 , 34 , 1 6 6 , 1 7 0 , 1 7 1 ,

.

rns

a so

I

2 05

.

Kap p a r a , 1 7 7 , 1 85 2 0 2 , 2 0 4 , 2 10 Kur dis ta n 7 1 Ku rp a 1 7 7 , 2 0 0 E Ku s n r r a fl our , lvii ii ; Ku tb a , 32 , 3 3 S ee

L e ave n i n mag i c , A, 3 1 ; As , 3 2 , 3 3 , 2 04 ; H , 207 Le ave s i n ma g i c , , xxv m, 1 6 2 ; , In n , .

,

,

5l 7 1

.

9 7, 190

,

.

x

L i me i n ma gi c , As , l vu , l vm , li 2 5 , 2 05 , L i me s i n mag i c , 1 , 1 6 3 ; ,

M

.

.

.

.

.

.

N

.

.

L a ta r a g , li L ati n s , 82

x

.

s ee

on s a c r

L a z ar u s , 9 L e a d i n mag i c , 1 , L e ah , 7 8

D e mon s

.

xx

.

ifice

,

.

.

226

L oc u s t-me n ,

.

NT .

.

81 ; 2 10

,

s ee

Gr a s s hopp er s

.

L ocu s ts i n ma g i c , L oin s i n ma g i c , As , 84 , 1 5 9 L ooki n g on a c or ps e ta bu , As , 2 6 , 3 5 , .

.

xxviii ;

S,

xx

.

.

Le a the r i n mag i c , A, 83 , 9 0 , 1 0 6 ; As , ii ; ar on ite , 42

M

li v, 1 69 ; L i on i n , , , S , 54 ii ; H, L iver i n ma g i c , A, 1 7 3 ; As , 1 7 4 , 1 9 7 ; T obit , lvii L l a ma i n ma g i c , 1 84 L oa ves i n ma g i c , s e e Br e a d L oc k of door i n mag i c , A, 3 7 ; M e d, 1 7 3 .

L a tr i n e h au n te d,

xx

.

,

.

.

L a yin g ha n ds

qu ote d 1 0 0 mag i c As l xi v ; H

L i n di n g er

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li ii

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k

Pi P ti t ti r s on

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ll

vi t

pr i es ts , 1 1 4

r os

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uo e

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Por cu pi n e i n ma g i c , A, 5 9 or p hyr y qu ote d, 1 0 6 , 1 3 0 , 2 2 2 Pot i n ma g i c , As , vii ; br oken , A, 30 , i 3 1 As , 2 4 H 1 x l x, 1v, , ( ) 3 0 , 1 7 0 , 1 85 ; , (l vi ) , ( l i i) , 1 62, 16 3 ; S, 1 96 , l ii (c f

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c,

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1 87

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t i i n mag i c T on g a 2 1 5 an ts i n ma i c A xxx ; Ab 1 0 4 As g li 1 2 1 2 1 1 5 0 4 ; E (Eth) 1 55 ; H 10 7 J os e phus 1 0 6 M l i lii ; u ll ed p u p tabu s e e T b u Pl a qu e mag ical lxvii 1 68 Pl a te r i n mag i c As 1 87 1 88 ; H

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a

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253 ; 164

n

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ns

p as s i m mag i c , As ,

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a es

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209 ; 1 80 ,

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As , 1 6 1 , 2 0 8 1?

.

A, 2 0 , 2 1 , 7 7 ; As , 5 0 ;

,

275

.

.

x

fr om, i n mag i c , l vi on of wome n , Babyl oni a , C ypr u s ,

e s c ap e

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2 09 , 2 2 3

.

27 6

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M

a l a as y , 2 1 3 Pu mpkin i n ma g i c , g r i du , 7 Pu r e Abode Pur p l e i n ma g i c , 1 35

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Ra g i n mag i c , 1 ; A, 88 ; Ab , 1 0 4 ; As , 153

.

.

D emon s

c ar r

P

1 3 0 , 1 86 , 1 87 ; r

ive r

ban ks ,

H

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1 68 ;

ers ,

,

As ,

to dr y 2 39

,

l

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l y fr o

or de a

H l xviii

u p,

lii

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1 44 , 1 6 4 ; i n

,

xxv ; c h a r m

R obe n ha us e n ,

y a way ta bu

,

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.

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.

.

H 91 J os ephu s

R oof ( - s hadow) ha u n ted,

R oots i n ma g i c , Pa l , 1 0 7

H

164

,

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,

1 06

,

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R a g u el , 74 R ah a b , 2 00

R ope i n ma g i c , A, xvu i R ou n d i n mag i c , H , 1 86 , 1 89

.

.

.

R a habi e l , 1 6 1 R a i n ti me i n m a g i c , 1 3 5 Ra i s i n g de ad, se e D ead a n d Ghos ts Ra i s i n s i n ma g i c , 1 3 9 ~

.

.

.

R u e i n mag i c , Pal J e ws , 7 2 u in s ha un te d, s e e D e mon s

.

.

R

.

R am i n mag ic , H , 2 20 , 2 3 1 Ra pha e l , 7 5 , 1 3 4 , 1 6 0

g u a r di an of ma g i c , A, l vi

x

tr ea s ur e

,

A, 6 2

.

R e adi n g s hema , ta bu on , 1 5 R ed i n ma g i c , A, ; As , 1 7 1 ; l vi , 1 6 0 ; , 1 83 S ee S c a r le t ’

.

R ed ee min g the

xx

H

,

l v,

li fe Pal 1 0 2 ; the s oul the fir s tbor n 1 80 2 I Q E in ,

A, 1 6 ; , , R ome , 22 7 Re ed i n ma g i c , As , 20 4 , 2 0 6 , 2 5 3 be d pr even ts s pir it l e avi n g g r ave ,

x

S a bbath , l vi i i , 1 5 , 5 1 , 5 8, 7 2 , 1 1 9 , 1 3 8 a , 1 70 , 2 5 2 S a bi a n s , 1 4 , 5 7 , 1 1 9 , 1 48, 1 9 5 , 2 2 3 S a cr ed n ame s in v ok e d, s e e N a me s .

.

.

.

,

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Wa ter

.

R avens i n ma g i c , A, xxx ; H , XX ; S , 9 2 ; r ave n fa ces of bat- men , As , 81

I

.

.

R u n n i n g wa te r i n ma g i c , s e e R us s ia , 1 6 9 , 1 7 3 , 1 84 , 2 3 7

.

.

R assad , 6 2

.

R oya l T a bu , s ee Ta bu R u al a , ba ttl e r itu a l , 1 58

.

Rat i n

s ee

.

,

l xi 1

xv u, xxv,

.

.

,

,

,

.

.

,

,

,

R ive r -g od , As , li v, 2 1 4 R ive r s , c on fl u e n c e of two , i n ma g i c , As , li , 1 5 4 , 2 1 2 ; of H , 1 4 4 ; ha u n te d,

.

,

Pal ,

H l xvi ; T yr ol 1 35 ;

.

6 8, 7 2

J os hu a l R a bbi J os hu a be n H an an i ah x 1 35 Ra bbi M e i R abbi N atha n 1 2 9 R a bbi Pap a 2 4 Ra bbi P i n c has be n Yai r 4 R a bb i Y oc h an a n 1 8 66 R a bbit me te mpsy c hos i s of u n cl ean pe r s on i n to Ka bbal a 4 R abi e s A 2 0 1 7 4 ; H l xii 1 7 4 R bi sn de mon liii 3 9 4 0 44 1 00 ,

lii

As ,

M

.

,

166,

.

,

1 06 ;

,

1 57,

,

.

.

,

,

R i mmon , see A da d a r ti n D e l , q u oted , Ri o,

.

,

,

mag i c ,

in

1 37

.

,

,

J os ephu s

Ra bbi H an in a , xxxn Ra bbi H yya , XX Ra bbi s aa c L u r i a , 1 8 R a bbi J e hu da h, 1 3 5

r

x

,



,

x iv xxviii lvii lix H xxxi 1 6 4

.

.

R a bbi

.

.

As ,

.

I

I

.

.

x

.

Rheu ma ti s m, As , l iii , 2 0 4 R i c e i n mag i c , B orn eo , C e l ebe s , 1 6 3 ; n di e s , 1 5 6 E Ri g ht han d or s i de i n mag i c , A, 4 6

.

.

xxx xx

.

.

.

R a bba , 7 1 R a bba n H or mi z d, lvi R abbi Aki ba , 1 , Ra bbi As hi ,

u

see





N



i n ma g i c , As , 1 5 3 , 2 0 4 ;



R e pti l es , As , 1 86 ; H , 4 R es ur r ecti on , A, 1 6 ; S , 6

.

Q u e e n of H e a ven , H , 2 0 7 ’ Q u e en of i n e ve h , 6 5 Q u ee ns l a n d, C e n tr a l , 7 5

.

,

.

r ee d

H

,

91

S a cr ifices , 1 9 4 412 , 2 2 1 12 ; Phoen , 2 0 1 ; to 1 9 8 ; S pr en g e r ,

1 5 7,

1 2 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 39 ,

to de a d, A,

G

,

de mon s , A, 5 8 ;

16 ;

H

,

7 7 ; hu ma n , A , 1 33 ; As , 2 2 S E ; H , 2 2 1 E S ee al s o u n de l the n a me s of s a cr ific i al a n i mal s ‘ S a da di n , 80 .

.

I

N D EX

S hee p , A , 1 6 , 2 2 6 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 1 Ab , 1 0 4 ; As , 49 , 5 O E , 1 5 7 ; H , 2 1 9 , 2 3 3 , 2 52 al a g as y , 2 1 3 ; S , 5 1

M

S hem , 9 Sh emiil , 1 3 9

.

.

xty i

Si

.



.

xxx

.

.

Shou l de r s i n mag i c , A, 2 1 1 ; , 1 6 3 S hr ou d i n mag i c , H , 1 6 9 vi S i bylli n e books , S i c kn ess du e to de mons (see D emon s ) , ‘ C ha l As , 9 6 ; C e l e bes , 1 6 3 ; N T ’ de an s , 1 0 0 ; to e cli pse , As , 5 5 ; to to g ods , 9 6 ; to br ea ch s ai n ts , A, 9 7 .

.

.

.

96,

1 19 ,

1 9 1 an, 2 1 8 ;

to

han ds , 1 2 9 ; to ea ti n g fis h 1 4 1 ; to c r os s in g a r i ve r , 1 4 1

u n was hed

.

S i l at , 7 0 S il k i n mag i c , A, l xvn ; Ab, 1 6 4 ; ; 1 , 1 64 Sil oa m, 3 1 i , l i ii , 89 ; S ilver i n ma g i c , A, ’

.

xx

H

,

xxx xxix

xx

M oon -g od

55,

2 45 ;

.

S olwdn , 1 4 7

.

God, 7 3 , 7 4 ; s ee B ns E ldhi m vi , l iii , 1 0 , 1 1 , 6 0 S ou da n ,

S on

of



.

xxx

S ou l ,

x

.

Ghos t ; hymn

be li ef con ce r n i n g , 3 E ; tr a n s mi g r a ti on of s ee Gho s t ; e te rn a l s ou l , se e Ghos t Sou th S e a s l an ds , 5 3 S ozome n qu ote d, 7 9 , 1 0 7 see

of,

S, 5

x

I

.

.

.

S pa i n

ex

G

lx i i

t

ag a e

.

S parr ow i n ma g i c , A, 3 7 S pea ki n g with ta booed p e r s on ta bu , S ab , 1 1 9 Spe ar wor ts i n ma g i c , H , 9 1

r en de r

P

,

s ee

.

H

,

M , In

1 47

.

x

S pi n ni n g i n ma g i c , As , l iv, 1 6 6 , 1 6 7 1 71 ; , 167 S pi r it, se e D emon s , Ghos ts ; s p1r1 t -wi fe 6 6 , 6 7 ; c l as s e s of, 2

P

.

.

S pitti n g i n ma g i c , R oman , 2 2 7 S pittl e i n ma g i c , 3 3 , 1 45 ; A, xv, 89 1 0 7 , 1 4 7 , 1 6 8 ; As , 3 3 , 1 5 3 , 1 85 .

.

S i n , 1 9 3 or ig i n of , a mon g Se mite s , 1 2 8 Si n - off er i n g , I B2 E , S in ai , 1 1 7 i ii , 4 0 , S i n a iti c en i n s u l a , liv , lviii ,

.

.

P

x

5 9 , 89 , 1 59 , 1 7 3

lx

.

Si n j ar Hill s , 6 i , xxu S i ppar , S ir en s , 6 8 ’ S i r i m, 5 7 , 5 9 Si s te r s , two marr yi n g on the tabu , H , 1 3 5 Si tl amtae a , li -n a i s hti m i t 12 S , p S itu a , 1 84 i , 1 02 Si x i n mag i c , H , .

.

xxx

.

sa

me day

,

22, 36

.

S pr e n g er q u oted , , , 6 9 , 77 S pr in g i n ma g i c , A , 2 1 1 S qu a r e i n ma g i c , H , 1 86 , 1 89 S t An thon y, 5 4 , 1 0 5 S t Cypr i an , 4 2 eor g e , 2 3 1 St S t J ohn , l i v .

G

.

.

.

St St

.

.

St St

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

xxx xxx l xiv

.

.

x

.

.

M

.

.

.

l

2 06 ; I bn Kha du n , 1 45 ; N T , 1 4 7 ; Pse ll us ,

.

.

xx

;

.

' ra , 2 1 6 d p y S pi c e s i n ma g i c ,

.

,

.

oc

.

Si mon of S a mar i a , vi , x i v, Si n ,

S ada , Ar a b de mon , 1 0 7 S ol omon , 5 7 , 7 7 , 1 0 6 , 1 50 , 1 80 , 2 3 1 ; B aths of , 7 9

.

.

xx x x

xxx

.

Shi til , 5 Shoes worn by wome n i n c hi l dbed, H , 1 1 9 ; bu t §n ot by on e c ar r yin g c or p se , H , 1 1 9 ; i n mag i c , As , 1 5 3 ; H , 1 84

,

.

x

.

xxx

.

S n a k e i n mag i c , A, 2 0 ; As , 1 2 , 49 , 5 4, 6 3, 6 4 ; E , viii , xi x ; H , i ; S, 54 for m of Ji n n , 5 7

.

I

xxx

x

.

xx

.

S ku ll i n mag i c , A, 2 56 S l ee p , A , ; mag i c doe s n ot wor k i t sor ce r er i s as l ee p , A, ii S mok e i n ma g i c , H , l vi ii

.

.

da tes ,

91

.

.

or

,

1 48

She 6 l , 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 2 3 4 ; s ee Un der wor ld S he wbr e a d, 2 0 7 ’ S hi a h tr adi ti on , 28 Shi bbeta , 1 2 9 S hi ps i n mag i c , 1 5 4 E ; A , 2 3 1 ; As , 2 3 0 , 2 5 3 ; H , 1 86 , 1 89 , 2 54 ; E , 1

tabu

H

ma g i c ,

S ki mmi n g - spoon i n ma g i c , H , 1 1 8 S ki n i n ma g i c , A, 2 1 1 ; As , 1 87 ; E th ,

.

of

n

M xi m d T i Ni 3 3 P l xxx 7 4 P t lxvi a

e

n o,

au

.

.

,

,

e er

ur n ,

e

,

.

53

.

.

I

ND EX

S ta g i n mag i c , Abipon es , 1 2 7 S te n ch dr ive s a way demons , s e e D emon s .

xxxi

S ti c k i n mag i c , H , S tol en mon ey to be

.

.

t

r e s or ed

by mag i c ,

A, 6 2 ii i , 89 , I5 S E Ston e i n mag i c , A, As , l iii ; H , l viii , 1 8, 2 0 7 ; , li ’ S , 83 , 89 ; Y , 3 1 Phil os ophe r s S ton e , S ton e s thr own by de mon s , A, 1 8 Stor m g od, see A dad S tor ms c au s ed by de mon s , As , 4 3 , 4 8, .

x

xxx

x

xx

I x

.

.

-

.

M e d, 4 8

54 ;

.

qu ote d xxxv S tr ee t (mar ke t pl ac e ma g i c As

S tr a bo

.

,

-

,

,

xxxvi

S u a ki n ,

br oa d p l a c es ) i n 44 , 4 7 , 1 2 9 , 1 6 0 ,

,

79

.

S we e tmea ts i n ma g i c , Pa ] , 1 0 2 S wor d i n mag i c , s e e I r on

M

1 7 8,

1 6 3,

1 03,

1 83 ,

195,

202,

2 1 3 ; A, 1 7 7 ,

2 29 ; 2 30 ;

As ,

1 7 8,

206 ,

,

,

(

2 12

N T .

S u c cu b a ,

S u ez , 4 0

of

.

.

2 2 5 , 22 6 E

209

,

G M

);

,

.

T abar j fin , 1 4

.

T abe rn ac l e Iv 1 30 T aber n a cl e s F e as t of 1 82 T abl e i n ma g i c As xlii 25 T abu xxi xxii xxx ix x1 ,

.

,

,

,

,

,

171

.

,

S u g a r i n ma g c , Pa l , 1 0 2 1 06 ; S u phur i n ma g i c , , S e e B r i ms ton e .

,

,

,

xxxvii

S u ma,

Su ma u ki n a -

,

G

M l iii v

,

.

M

l

tou chin g her m H 1 7 6 2 1 5 ; s pea kin g with tabooed p e r s on As S ab 1 1 9 c l ea s ed As 1 86 ove c ome by mag i c As 1 6 5 on a du lte r y 2 4 7 on be a s ts 2 52 ; M 2 3 ; pas s in g u n de r the r ope of a c a me l or un der th e c ame l it e l f or be twe en two c a me l s H 1 1 7 on br ibe r y 2 4 9 on c a r di n a l s in s 1 2 5 1 2 8 ; H 1 82 S ee a l s o u n der th e n a mes As e tc ; c l e an c l othe s on c l othe s H 15 ; 1 39 ; wea r i n g phyl a c te r i e s 4 1 8 u tti g on s h oe s H 1 1 9 p 1 39 on c ur s i n g 2 45 ; e

u n c ea n ,

,

,

,

S u matr a , 1 83

r

-

.

.

E Il

H

,

S ou th S e a s a n ds , 5 3 ; u n c l e a n woma n n ot a ll owed to s e e , 1 3 3 ; s u n vii , A, 1 5 9 ; As , r i s e i n mag i c , li i , 1 6 5 , 2 5 4 ; s u n s et i n mag i c, As ,

Sn rp a

-

xx

,

,

56 , 1 87 , 2 1 7 ;

i

s er e s ,

xxxi x

,

.

.

,

M lviii ,

.

,

,

.

n

,

,

,

,

.

,

,

.

de a d bodi e s , 1 09 , 1 1 2 , 1 9 0 ; A, 1 1 3 , 2 1 0 ; As , 2 6 , 2 7 , 1 1 5 ,

H

l vi , 1 7 , 2 7 , 1 1 8, 1 82 , 25 5 ; I a mbli c hu s , 1 1 7 ; S , 1 1 4 ; T obit , 1 1 4 ; pas s in g odou r of c ar c as e ,

.

x xxvii

.

.

,

,

13 1 E

.

11 ;

,

,

,

s

2 7,

.

es h , 1 5 8 S me fl S u mer i a n s , 1 7 8 S u mme r i n ma g i c , 1 35 ’ Sun (s e e S oma li ) , s qui maux , 1 84 ; a

n

,

,

on

vi i

2 54 ;

1 10,

,

,

.

xxx

,

,

.

v

.

l i v, l xvu , 9 5 E , 1 0 8E , 1 3 0 an, 1 7 8, 1 3 0 11 , 2 3 1 , 2 45 E ; c on ta g i ou s , 3 0 , 1 0 8, 1 2 5 E , 1 82 , 1 9 0 ; H , a or i , 2 1 5 ; holy, 1 1 0 , ,

,

l

,

.

.

i

.

,

23, 68 E

s u c cu bu s ,

.

,

1 80 ,

H

x

.

,

.

.

.

,

S u ba r ti , 2 4 0 S u bs ti tu te s i n mag i c ,

.

S wor d of ose s , l viii , 1 6 9 Sympa the ti c ma g i c , 1 4 2 E , 1 7 3, 1 7 8 Syr i a , p as s i m ”

,

.

S ab, 1 4

.

H H

,

,

254 ;

,

l

1 17

29

i

,

s e ep n g

in

on on

fa mi i es , 2 4 6 , 2 4 7

on

H

,

,

.

dr e g s , As , 1 2 6 , 25 4 (c f e a s i n g n a tu r e , A , 1 1 6 ;

on

t y

c eme e r

a

l

.

H

,

1 32

.

.

fir e , 2 5 0 , 2 5 2 ; As , 1 4 0 , 2 54 ; 1 3 9 ( See a ls o S k e at, M a la y M a g i c , .

.

S u rr ou n di n g with wa ter , H , 1 0 7 ; with me a l , As , 2 04 ; with li me , As , lvii E

S ee al s o C i r c le S wall ows i n ma g i c , A, 6 1 ; S u matr a , 1 83 S we a t i n ma g i c , Eth , 1 4 8 .

f ood,

,

,

,

-

,

,

.

.

H 1 84 ; ea tin g with fr ien ds H 1 5 ; thin g s c ooked i n fir e (on S a bba th) As 1 3 9 ; h a lf b a ke d br e a d or mea t ta k e n with a s ki mmi n g s poon H 1 1 8 ; br e ad c ook ed i n a she s or c ook ed me at As 1 3 9 ; e ati n g t ote ms on

As , 49 ;

-

,

,

,

,

,

2 80

I

ivi

tt

i

ND EX

l

o e ms (a n ma s ) to dog s ng 19 1 ; g or n to e at, Abi pon e s , 1 2 7 ; e a in g

t t fl e sh H 2 0 7 u ps etti g mai ze dr in k Abi p on e s l 2 7 dr i n kin g veg e ta bl e s dr i n k i n g wa te r As 1 40 ( c f dra wn ove r n ig ht H 2 9 ; dr in ki n g fr om a g ra veya r d we ll H 1 1 8 T abu on l yi g 2 48 H 1 82 25 1 on mou r n i n g ,

n

,

,

,

.

,

,

,

n

.

,

,

.

,

mur de r , 2 5 7 mur de r er s 1 1 6

on

.

,

,

.

on

,

on

.

t li n g an d che ating 2 48 on s tr i fe s tir r i n g u p 1 2 8 on s un s tr ok e As 2 5 2 Tr ibal 1 82 thr e s hi n g on va r i ou s p l a ce s floor wi n n owi n g fan (an d mea l ) 25 1 on ves s e l s 3 0 on voi c e r a i s ed (c f xxxi ) 1 39 1 4 0 H 1 4 3 2 1 4 0 1 84 ; on was hi n g 1 20 1 29 if ; t a bu u n was he d h an ds 1 30 ee a l s o H r e move d b wa s hi n g S y

,

,

p hys i c i a n

on

l t s an p

on

M

,

H

,

.

p



u

s

lli

xxxi

1 84

,

Wa s hi n g

.

,

,

1 82 ,

.

i di n g forth 1 3 9 1 32 R oya l As 1 3 8 E 20 2 ; H 2 0 2 ; T on g a 2 1 5 S abbath 1 3 8 ; H 2 5 2 ; s pe a ki n g l ou dly As 1 3 9 1 40 r i di n g As ma kin g e n qu i ry 1 39 ; As 1 39 1 c o ki n H 39 (of As g on se di ti on 2 4 9 on s ee i n h e su 126 t g on s e xu a l fu n c tions ( 1 1 3 mar r iag e 1 1 3 1 3 4 E ; A 1 I G E ; As 1 2 1 fi 1 3 1 2 55 ; H 1 16 E .

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,

,

,

,

,

,

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o

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,

,

,

,

,

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,

.

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n

,

.

,

,

,

,

,

I a mbl i c hu s ,

1 84 ;

itati on

c oh ab

H

,

,

.

,

i n b ed wh e r e

t i t

,

Mi n

1 17 ;

ch

yi

,

116 ;

il d l ee ps s

,

1 3 5 ; two s i s e rs mar r n g on s a me 1 3 5 ; n e rc ou r s e w h bon d da y, , ,

H

it H

ma i d pr omis ed to a n othe r , 1 82 ; , me n str u ati on , 1 1 3 , 1 9 0 ; A , 1 I G E As , 1 2 0 11 , H , 1 16 a , 1 36 ;

P

2 5 1 ; S , 1 1 6 ; i s s u es , 1 1 3 , 12 1 E , 1 3 1 , 255 ; 1 1 7, ,

,

1 9 0 ; As , 1 3 2 ; c h db rt h,

il i

190 ;

As , 1 2 2 ,

H

1 12 ,

i

1 13,

I 34 A

I

1 3 1 , 1 35 , 2 55 ;

H

,

163

,

on s

y

pee ch ,

,

252

l oos e

,

2 49

.

l

on

a so

Skea t ,

a s o,

.

wea pon s , 2 5 1

l

(S ee

.

wor k , 1 3 8 11 wr iti n g ma te r i a l s , 2 5 1

on on

.

T a c itu s qu oted liii T a k i B us ta n l xii T kp i r tu xxxviii 1 7 7 T a ll ow i n mag i c As m m 1 54 1 58 ; M ar on ite 2 9 S ee W x T a mar 6 6 T amar i k i n mag i c A 88 2 5 3 ; As xxi ii Ii i lvi ii 1 87 1 88 T ammu z 3 2 0 3 ; mon th 6 4 1 3 9 T a n ta 7 9 T a n ta lu s 2 3 9 Ta per i n ma g ic M 6 2 s e e T c h .

,

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a

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a

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s

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,

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,

,

T a smi t, 2 4 5

T e a r in g s ee

,

,

,

u

or

,

.

.

p pl a n ts i n ma g i c , As , 1 6 5 ;

Ta bu

.

Te ima 5 3 T ei r e s i as 8 T e ll al xxi x T e ll e l kadi 80 Te mpl e 9 3 ; of Bel 7 8 ; of Ezida xxxvu ; of H i e ra oli s l i ii ; of J e u s a l e m 1 1 7 p of g a mas xxii ; of Theban Ju piter 7 8 ; fir e te mpl e 9 2 .

,

,

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.

,

-

.

,

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,

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r

,

.

v

o er

fro m

1 17 ;

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.

,

on s or c er

b r i dg e

a

H

dr y wa te r c ou rs e ,

-

,

u n de r

.

,

,

.

,

M a la y M ag i c , 2 5 8, on wome n : a woman p as s i n g be twe e n two men , or a man p a s s i n g be twee n two wome n (r is k of me n s tr u ou s tabu P ), H , 1 1 7 ; wi dowhood, A , 1 3 5

.

,

,

i

s n a s p g

Wa s h i n g

2 53 ; As , 1 40 ;

,

2 50 ; on p ou r n g ou t, the g r ou n d, A, Pa l , Y ,

on

on

on

247

on r

28 ;

l

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p

wate r ,

on

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u n c e an ,

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i ti n g wi th fin g e r 2 52 1 3 9 i tly t H r es a b us A s ; p r s on er s

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g

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59 ;

wor k , 1 39 n

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n o p

on

on

(of

22

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202

1 3 9 , 2 46

r f u me , e p

on

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2 15, 2 1 6 E

i

.

,

,

.

,

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on offe r n g s ,

on s e a

,

-

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,

il par in g s be i n g sc a tte r e d H 2 9 G 2 1 6 E ; H 1 82 oaths 2 5 4 ;

on n a

.

-

,

,

,

.

IND EX lii i ;

S,

c or ds

l our ed

Colou r ed for two -c o

s ee

Tyn dar eu s Tyr ol 1 3 7

216

,

,

37

,

,

Vi

-

.

Un a s xli x Un bu r i ed g hos t s ee Ghos t Un cl e an : beas ts 4 1 9 1 2 1 5 if ; food 2 0 3 ; pl a ce H 9 1 2 0 0 Un de r wor l d A 5 5 8 ; As xl vn 3 8 1 2 49 82 E xlix s ; Eth 6 ; H 3 4 ; M e l a n e s i a 2 2 ; (Ku tha ) .

.

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

.

xxx

S ee S heol ; As , li i i ,

.

Un r i pe thi n g s i n mag i c , H , 1 3 5 U n timely birth as g hos t , s ee A bor ti on U n ti mely dead as g hos t, see Ghos t Un was hed han ds i n mag i c , As , 1 2 0 ; .

.

.

Up

a n ta

-

.



1 82 , 1 9 1 ff

s ins ,

l nt in a p

mag i c ,

-

or

of .

.

2 55

.

9, 26 ,

Ur , 2 2 2 Ur a 84 fl Ur i n e , l xv ; of as s i n libati on , As , 34 ; of c ame l as medi c i n e , A, 1 7 3 Ur i gm, 2 2 4 Ur ka r i n n u -wood , viii iii , lvi ii , 1 2 6 Us u r tu , Ute r u s of ani mal s i n mag i c , 2 0 1 Utu kki l i mn ati , x1 Utu kku , 8, 3 9 , 4 4 , 4 5 , 9 7 .

.

.

.

xxx

xx

.

.

.

.

.

V

5 2 i r es , p

.

33 ;

see

Colou r ed

or

ha ir i n mag i c , As ,

ro

e

,

,

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e-

a n

n

a

ro ec

s

en us ,

en e u

ne

ar

-

c,

on s ,

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tr ou bl ed by s pir it 80 mag i c x li xlvi li 1 4 2 1 59

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impas s able

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x

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