TOC (PDF) - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 13697–14234

PNAS

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

www.pnas.org

Cover image: The World Wide Web, represented as a galaxy of web site nodes, the brightness of which is proportional to inherent fitness or ‘‘talent.’’ Some nodes will die and make room for new sites. In time, bright peripheral nodes will accumulate in-links, or ‘‘experience,’’ and migrate to the center. See the article by Joseph S. Kong et al. on pages 13724–13729. Image courtesy of Nima Sarshar and Vwani P. Roychowdhury.

From the Cover 13724 Evolution of the Web 13764 Neanderthal brain growth 13982 Mystery of crop origins 14147 Recipes for pilus assembly 14187 Bisphenol A disrupts synapses

Contents

13703 Sortases make pili from three ingredients So-Young Oh, Jonathan M. Budzik, and Olaf Schneewind ➜ See companion article on page 14147

THIS WEEK IN PNAS

13705 Environmental estrogens impact primate brain John H. Morrison ➜ See companion article on page 14187

13697 In This Issue

LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) E58 Orbital origin of field-induced ‘‘quantum criticality’’ in overdoped Tl2Ba2CuO6ⴙx M. M. J. French and N. E. Hussey E59 Reply to French and Hussey: Evidence against orbital origin of field-induced quantum criticality in Tl2Ba2CuO6ⴙx superconductors Takasada Shibauchi, Lia Krusin-Elbaum, and Yuji Matsuda

COMMENTARIES 13699 Proofreading optimizes iodotyrosine insertion into the genetic code Tamara L. Hendrickson ➜ See companion article on page 13298 in issue 36 of volume 105 13701 Detecting multiple origins of domesticated crops Kenneth M. Olsen and Briana L. Gross ➜ See companion article on page 13982

Free online through the PNAS open access option.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 13707 Characterization of reconnecting vortices in superfluid helium Gregory P. Bewley, Matthew S. Paoletti, Katepalli R. Sreenivasan, and Daniel P. Lathrop 13711 Hierarchies of networked phases induced by multiple liquid–liquid critical points Chia Wei Hsu, Julio Largo, Francesco Sciortino, and Francis W. Starr 13716 Three-dimensional analysis of tokamaks and stellarators Paul R. Garabedian

CHEMISTRY 13720 Calculated interactions of a nitro group with aromatic rings of crystalline picryl bromide Lulu Huang, Lou Massa, and Jerome Karle 13841 Diffusive reaction dynamics on invariant free energy profiles Sergei V. Krivov and Martin Karplus PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 iii–xiii

COMPUTER SCIENCES 13724 Experience versus talent shapes the structure of the Web Joseph S. Kong, Nima Sarshar, and Vwani P. Roychowdhury

ENGINEERING 13730 Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum YongKeun Park, Monica Diez-Silva, Gabriel Popescu, George Lykotrafitis, Wonshik Choi, Michael S. Feld, and Subra Suresh

GEOLOGY 13736 A scale of greatness and causal classification of mass extinctions: Implications for mechanisms ¨ zeren A. M. Celaˆl S ¸engo ¨r, Saniye Atayman, and Sinan O 13741 Global synchronous changes in the carbon isotopic composition of carbonate sediments unrelated to changes in the global carbon cycle Peter K. Swart

MATHEMATICS 13746 On the best possible remaining term in the Hardy inequality Nassif Ghoussoub and Amir Moradifam

PHYSICS 13752 An integrated mechanobiochemical feedback mechanism describes chromosome motility from prometaphase to anaphase in mitosis Jian Liu, Arshad Desai, Jose´ N. Onuchic, and Terence Hwa 13758 Development of input connections in neural cultures Jordi Soriano, Marı´a Rodrı´guez Martı´nez, Tsvi Tlusty, and Elisha Moses

SOCIAL SCIENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 13941 Middle East coastal ecosystem response to middle-to-late Holocene abrupt climate changes D. Kaniewski, E. Paulissen, E. Van Campo, M. Al-Maqdissi, J. Bretschneider, and K. Van Lerberghe

SOCIAL SCIENCES 13724 Experience versus talent shapes the structure of the Web Joseph S. Kong, Nima Sarshar, and Vwani P. Roychowdhury

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ANTHROPOLOGY 13764 Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history ´n, Lubov Golovanova, Vladimir Marcia S. Ponce de Leo Doronichev, Galina Romanova, Takeru Akazawa, Osamu Kondo, Hajime Ishida, and Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 13769 Metabolic engineering of a thermophilic bacterium to produce ethanol at high yield A. Joe Shaw, Kara K. Podkaminer, Sunil G. Desai, John S. Bardsley, Stephen R. Rogers, Philip G. Thorne, David A. Hogsett, and Lee R. Lynd 13775 A systematic methodology for proteome-wide identification of peptides inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells Emmanouil D. Karagiannis and Aleksander S. Popel 13781 Highly efficient transient gene expression and gene targeting in primate embryonic stem cells with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors Keiichiro Suzuki, Kaoru Mitsui, Emi Aizawa, Kouichi Hasegawa, Eihachiro Kawase, Toshiyuki Yamagishi, Yoshihiko Shimizu, Hirofumi Suemori, Norio Nakatsuji, and Kohnosuke Mitani

BIOCHEMISTRY 13787 Effects of local mRNA structure on posttranscriptional gene silencing Stephen I. Rudnick, Jyothishmathi Swaminathan, Marina Sumaroka, Stephen Liebhaber, and Alan M. Gewirtz 13793 Cross-talk between GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation: Site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in response to globally elevated O-GlcNAc Zihao Wang, Marjan Gucek, and Gerald W. Hart 13799 Granzyme B delivery via perforin is restricted by size, but not by heparan sulfate-dependent endocytosis Florian C. Kurschus, Edward Fellows, Elisabeth Stegmann, and Dieter E. Jenne 13805 STAT92E is a positive regulator of Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (DIAP/1) and protects against radiation-induced apoptosis Aurel Betz, Hyung Don Ryoo, Hermann Steller, and James E. Darnell, Jr. 13811 Oleic acid content is responsible for the reduction in blood pressure induced by olive oil ´ lvarez, S. Tere´s, G. Barcelo ´-Coblijn, M. Benet, R. A R. Bressani, J. E. Halver, and P. V. Escriba´ 13817 Crystal structure of the ␤-finger domain of Prp8 reveals analogy to ribosomal proteins Kui Yang, Lingdi Zhang, Tao Xu, Annie Heroux, and Rui Zhao 13823 Periplasmic orientation of nascent lipid A in the inner membrane of an Escherichia coli LptA mutant Bing Ma, C. Michael Reynolds, and Christian R. H. Raetz 13829 Enzymes with lid-gated active sites must operate by an induced fit mechanism instead of conformational selection Sarah M. Sullivan and Todd Holyoak 13835 The A-kinase anchoring protein Yotiao binds and regulates adenylyl cyclase in brain Leslie A. Piggott, Andrea L. Bauman, John D. Scott, and Carmen W. Dessauer PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 v

BIOPHYSICS 13752 An integrated mechanobiochemical feedback mechanism describes chromosome motility from prometaphase to anaphase in mitosis Jian Liu, Arshad Desai, Jose´ N. Onuchic, and Terence Hwa 13841 Diffusive reaction dynamics on invariant free energy profiles Sergei V. Krivov and Martin Karplus 13847 Flow induces loop-to-␤-hairpin transition on the ␤-switch of platelet glycoprotein Ib␣ Jizhong Lou and Cheng Zhu

13901 A fluorescent reporter of caspase activity for live imaging Pierre-Luc Bardet, Golnar Kolahgar, Anita Mynett, Irene Miguel-Aliaga, James Briscoe, Pascal Meier, and Jean-Paul Vincent 13906 A microRNA signature for a BMP2-induced osteoblast lineage commitment program Zhaoyong Li, Mohammad Q. Hassan, Stefano Volinia, Andre J. van Wijnen, Janet L. Stein, Carlo M. Croce, Jane B. Lian, and Gary S. Stein

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

13853 Single-molecule studies of group II intron ribozymes Miriam Steiner, Krishanthi S. Karunatilaka, Roland K. O. Sigel, and David Rueda

13912 Mating induces an immune response and developmental switch in the Drosophila oviduct Anat Kapelnikov, Einat Zelinger, Yuval Gottlieb, Kahn Rhrissorrakrai, Kristin C. Gunsalus, and Yael Heifetz

13859 Hierarchical folding mechanism of apomyoglobin revealed by ultra-fast H/D exchange coupled with 2D NMR Takanori Uzawa, Chiaki Nishimura, Shuji Akiyama, Koichiro Ishimori, Satoshi Takahashi, H. Jane Dyson, and Peter E. Wright

13918 Transmission of Y chromosomes from XY female mice was made possible by the replacement of cytoplasm during oocyte maturation Yayoi Obata, Michele Villemure, Tomohiro Kono, and Teruko Taketo

13865 Cooperativity, connectivity, and folding pathways of multidomain proteins Kazuhito Itoh and Masaki Sasai

13924 Direct and indirect roles for Nodal signaling in two axis conversions during asymmetric morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart Kari Baker, Nathalia G. Holtzman, and Rebecca D. Burdine

13871 Global jumping and domain-specific intersegment transfer between DNA cognate sites of the multidomain transcription factor Oct-1 Michaeleen Doucleff and G. Marius Clore 13877 On the relationship between folding and chemical landscapes in enzyme catalysis Maite Roca, Benjamin Messer, Donald Hilvert, and Arieh Warshel 13883 Modes of heme binding and substrate access for cytochrome P450 CYP74A revealed by crystal structures of allene oxide synthase Lenong Li, Zhenzhan Chang, Zhiqiang Pan, Zheng-Qing Fu, and Xiaoqiang Wang

CELL BIOLOGY 13730 Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum YongKeun Park, Monica Diez-Silva, Gabriel Popescu, George Lykotrafitis, Wonshik Choi, Michael S. Feld, and Subra Suresh

ECOLOGY 13930 Stage-specific predator species help each other to persist while competing for a single prey A. M. De Roos, T. Schellekens, T. Van Kooten, and L. Persson 13936 When to stop managing or surveying cryptic threatened species Iadine Chade`s, Eve McDonald-Madden, Michael A. McCarthy, Brendan Wintle, Matthew Linkie, and Hugh P. Possingham

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 13941 Middle East coastal ecosystem response to middle-to-late Holocene abrupt climate changes D. Kaniewski, E. Paulissen, E. Van Campo, M. Al-Maqdissi, J. Bretschneider, and K. Van Lerberghe

EVOLUTION 13736 A scale of greatness and causal classification of mass extinctions: Implications for mechanisms ¨ zeren A. M. Celaˆl S ¸engo ¨r, Saniye Atayman, and Sinan O 13947 Multiple deleterious effects of experimentally aged sperm in a monogamous bird Joe¨l White, Richard H. Wagner, Fabrice Helfenstein, Scott A. Hatch, Herve´ Mulard, Liliana C. Naves, and Etienne Danchin

13889 Pim-1 kinase antagonizes aspects of myocardial hypertrophy and compensation to pathological pressure overload John A. Muraski, Kimberlee M. Fischer, Weitao Wu, Christopher T. Cottage, Pearl Quijada, Matt Mason, Shabana Din, Natalie Gude, Roberto Alvarez, Jr., Marcello Rota, Jan Kajstura, Zeping Wang, Erik Schaefer, Xiongen Chen, Scott MacDonnel, Nancy Magnuson, Stephen R. Houser, Piero Anversa, and Mark A. Sussman

13953 Molecular signatures of ribosomal evolution Elijah Roberts, Anurag Sethi, Jonathan Montoya, Carl R. Woese, and Zaida Luthey-Schulten

13895 A system for Cre-regulated RNA interference in vivo Patrick Stern, Sophie Astrof, Stefan J. Erkeland, Joshua Schustak, Phillip A. Sharp, and Richard O. Hynes

13959 The hearing gene Prestin reunites echolocating bats Gang Li, Jinhong Wang, Stephen J. Rossiter, Gareth Jones, James A. Cotton, and Shuyi Zhang PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 vii

13965 Demography and weak selection drive patterns of transposable element diversity in natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata Steven Lockton, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, and Brandon S. Gaut

14028 IL-21 signaling is critical for the development of type I diabetes in the NOD mouse Rosanne Spolski, Mohit Kashyap, Constance Robinson, Zuxi Yu, and Warren J. Leonard

13971 The short-sequence designs of isochores from the human genome Maria Costantini and Giorgio Bernardi

14034 Molecular amino acid signatures in the MHC class II peptide-binding pocket predispose to autoimmune thyroiditis in humans and in mice Francesca Menconi, Maria C. Monti, David A. Greenberg, Taiji Oashi, Roman Osman, Terry F. Davies, Yoshiyuki Ban, Eric M. Jacobson, Erlinda S. Concepcion, Cheuk Wun Li, and Yaron Tomer

13977 Accelerated evolution of resistance in multidrug environments Matthew Hegreness, Noam Shoresh, Doris Damian, Daniel Hartl, and Roy Kishony 13982 The genetic expectations of a protracted model for the origins of domesticated crops Robin G. Allaby, Dorian Q. Fuller, and Terence A. Brown ➜ See Commentary on page 13701

GENETICS 13987 FOXO3A genotype is strongly associated with human longevity Bradley J. Willcox, Timothy A. Donlon, Qimei He, Randi Chen, John S. Grove, Katsuhiko Yano, Kamal H. Masaki, D. Craig Willcox, Beatriz Rodriguez, and J. David Curb 13993 Apoptotic function of human PMS2 compromised by the nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphic variant R20Q Ivana Marinovic-Terzic, Atsuko Yoshioka-Yamashita, Hideki Shimodaira, Elena Avdievich, Irina C. Hunton, Richard D. Kolodner, Winfried Edelmann, and Jean Y. J. Wang 13999 A powerful method combining homologous recombination and site-specific recombination for targeted mutagenesis in Drosophila Guanjun Gao, Conor McMahon, Jie Chen, and Yikang S. Rong 14005 Positional cloning of the Igl genes controlling rheumatoid factor production and allergic bronchitis in rats Carola Rintisch, Jacqueline Ameri, Peter Olofsson, Holger Luthman, and Rikard Holmdahl

IMMUNOLOGY 14011 Transcriptional impact of Aire varies with cell type Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano, Diane Mathis, and Christophe Benoist

14040 Crosspresentation by nonhematopoietic and direct presentation by hematopoietic cells induce central tolerance to myelin basic protein Antoine Perchellet, Thea Brabb, and Joan M. Goverman 14046 MAVS and MyD88 are essential for innate immunity but not cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against respiratory syncytial virus Vijay G. Bhoj, Qinmiao Sun, Elizabeth J. Bhoj, Cynthia Somers, Xiang Chen, Juan-Pablo Torres, Asuncion Mejias, Ana M. Gomez, Hasan Jafri, Octavio Ramilo, and Zhijian J. Chen

MEDICAL SCIENCES 14052 Peripheral A␤ subspecies as risk biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease Nicole Schupf, Ming X. Tang, Hide Fukuyama, Jennifer Manly, Howard Andrews, Pankaj Mehta, Jeffery Ravetch, and Richard Mayeux 14058 The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a NF-␬B-regulated gene, is a survival factor for thyroid neoplastic cells Alessio Iannetti, Francesco Pacifico, Renato Acquaviva, Alfonso Lavorgna, Elvira Crescenzi, Carlo Vascotto, Gianluca Tell, Anna Maria Salzano, Andrea Scaloni, Emilia Vuttariello, Gennaro Chiappetta, Silvestro Formisano, and Antonio Leonardi 14064 Loss of PIP5KI␤ demonstrates that PIP5KI isoform-specific PIP2 synthesis is required for IP3 formation Yanfeng Wang, Xinsheng Chen, Lurong Lian, Tang Tang, Timothy J. Stalker, Takehiko Sasaki, Lawrence F. Brass, John K. Choi, John H. Hartwig, and Charles S. Abrams 14070 Making insulin-deficient type 1 diabetic rodents thrive without insulin Xinxin Yu, Byung-Hyun Park, May-Yun Wang, Zhao V. Wang, and Roger H. Unger

14017 Memory CD8 T cell responses exceeding a large but definable threshold provide long-term immunity to malaria Nathan W. Schmidt, Rebecca L. Podyminogin, Noah S. Butler, Vladimir P. Badovinac, Brad J. Tucker, Keith S. Bahjat, Peter Lauer, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval, Claire L. Hutchings, Anne C. Moore, Sarah C. Gilbert, Adrian V. Hill, Lyric C. Bartholomay, and John T. Harty

14076 Cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns in the human breast Noga Bloushtain-Qimron, Jun Yao, Eric L. Snyder, Michail Shipitsin, Lauren L. Campbell, Sendurai A. Mani, Min Hu, Haiyan Chen, Vadim Ustyansky, Jessica E. Antosiewicz, Pedram Argani, Marc K. Halushka, James A. Thomson, Paul Pharoah, Angel Porgador, Saraswati Sukumar, Ramon Parsons, Andrea L. Richardson, Martha R. Stampfer, Rebecca S. Gelman, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Yuri Nikolsky, and Kornelia Polyak

14023 TGF-␤ and IL-6 signals modulate chromatin binding and promoter occupancy by acetylated FOXP3 Arabinda Samanta, Bin Li, Xiaomin Song, Kathryn Bembas, Geng Zhang, Makoto Katsumata, Sandra J. Saouaf, Qiang Wang, Wayne W. Hancock, Yuan Shen, and Mark I. Greene

14082 Dicer-dependent endothelial microRNAs are necessary for postnatal angiogenesis Yajaira Sua´rez, Carlos Ferna´ndez-Hernando, Jun Yu, Scott A. Gerber, Kenneth D. Harrison, Jordan S. Pober, M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe, Matthias Merkenschlager, and William C. Sessa PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 ix

14088 Transplantation of a myelodysplastic syndrome by a long-term repopulating hematopoietic cell Yang Jo Chung, Chul Won Choi, Christopher Slape, Terry Fry, and Peter D. Aplan 14094 High Myc pathway activity and low stage of neuronal differentiation associate with poor outcome in neuroblastoma Erik Fredlund, Markus Ringne´r, John M. Maris, and Sven Påhlman 14100 Minimally invasive neuroradiologic model of preclinical transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in canines Cameron Rink, Greg Christoforidis, Amir Abduljalil, Marinos Kontzialis, Valerie Bergdall, Sashwati Roy, Savita Khanna, Andrew Slivka, Michael Knopp, and Chandan K. Sen 14106 Mpv17l protects against mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis by activation of Omi/HtrA2 protease Stefanie Krick, Shaolin Shi, Wenjun Ju, Christian Faul, ¨ttinger Su-yi Tsai, Peter Mundel, and Erwin P. Bo 14112 Comparisons of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in cells expressing lung cancer-specific alleles of EGFR and KRAS Udayan Guha, Raghothama Chaerkady, Arivusudar Marimuthu, A. Scott Patterson, Manoj K. Kashyap, H. C. Harsha, Mitsuo Sato, Joel S. Bader, Alex E. Lash, John D. Minna, Akhilesh Pandey, and Harold E. Varmus

MICROBIOLOGY 14118 HCMV gH/gL/UL128 –131 interferes with virus entry into epithelial cells: Evidence for cell type-specific receptors Brent J. Ryckman, Marie C. Chase, and David C. Johnson 14124 Identification of cardioviruses related to Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus in human infections Charles Y. Chiu, Alexander L. Greninger, Kimberly Kanada, Thomas Kwok, Kael F. Fischer, Charles Runckel, Janice K. Louie, Carol A. Glaser, Shigeo Yagi, David P. Schnurr, Tom D. Haggerty, Julie Parsonnet, Don Ganem, and Joseph L. DeRisi 14130 Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ulrich Nu ¨bel, Philippe Roumagnac, Mirjam Feldkamp, Jae-Hoon Song, Kwan Soo Ko, Yhu-Chering Huang, Geoffrey Coombs, Margaret Ip, Henrik Westh, Robert Skov, Marc J. Struelens, Richard V. Goering, Birgit Strommenger, Annette Weller, Wolfgang Witte, and Mark Achtman 14136 Spatial organization of a replicating bacterial chromosome Idit Anna Berlatzky, Alex Rouvinski, and Sigal Ben-Yehuda 14141 The Salmonella virulence protein SifA is a G protein antagonist Laurie K. Jackson, Parwez Nawabi, Cristiana Hentea, Everett A. Roark, and Kasturi Haldar 14147 The molecular switch that activates the cell wall anchoring step of pilus assembly in gram-positive bacteria Anjali Mandlik, Asis Das, and Hung Ton-That ➜ See Commentary on page 13703

NEUROSCIENCE 13758 Development of input connections in neural cultures Jordi Soriano, Marı´a Rodrı´guez Martı´nez, Tsvi Tlusty, and Elisha Moses 14153 Genetic variation in the vasopressin receptor 1a gene (AVPR1A) associates with pair-bonding behavior in humans Hasse Walum, Lars Westberg, Susanne Henningsson, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, David Reiss, Wilmar Igl, Jody M. Ganiban, Erica L. Spotts, Nancy L. Pedersen, Elias Eriksson, and Paul Lichtenstein 14157 Development of hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic outputs by new neurons in the adult brain Regina L. Faulkner, Mi-Hyeon Jang, Xiao-Bo Liu, Xin Duan, Kurt A. Sailor, Ju Young Kim, Shaoyu Ge, Edward G. Jones, Guo-li Ming, Hongjun Song, and Hwai-Jong Cheng 14163 Rules of engagement for NMDA receptor subunits Maximilian H. Ulbrich and Ehud Y. Isacoff 14169 The combination of huperzine A and imidazenil is an effective strategy to prevent diisopropyl fluorophosphate toxicity in mice Fabio Pibiri, Alan P. Kozikowski, Graziano Pinna, James Auta, Bashkim Kadriu, Erminio Costa, and Alessandro Guidotti 14175 C-terminal peptides coassemble into A␤42 oligomers and protect neurons against A␤42-induced neurotoxicity Erica A. Fradinger, Bernhard H. Monien, Brigita Urbanc, Aleksey Lomakin, Miao Tan, Huiyuan Li, Sean M. Spring, Margaret M. Condron, Luis Cruz, Cui-Wei Xie, George B. Benedek, and Gal Bitan 14181 Intraretinal signaling by ganglion cell photoreceptors to dopaminergic amacrine neurons Dao-Qi Zhang, Kwoon Y. Wong, Patricia J. Sollars, David M. Berson, Gary E. Pickard, and Douglas G. McMahon 14187 Bisphenol A prevents the synaptogenic response to estradiol in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized nonhuman primates Csaba Leranth, Tibor Hajszan, Klara Szigeti-Buck, Jeremy Bober, and Neil J. MacLusky ➜ See Commentary on page 13705 14192 Dopamine transporter/syntaxin 1A interactions regulate transporter channel activity and dopaminergic synaptic transmission Lucia Carvelli, Randy D. Blakely, and Louis J. DeFelice

PHYSIOLOGY 14198 The guanylate kinase domain of the ␤-subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels suffices to modulate gating Giovanni Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Erick Miranda-Laferte, Doreen Nothmann, Silke Schmidt, Alan Neely, and Patricia Hidalgo

PLANT BIOLOGY 14204 Licorice ␤-amyrin 11-oxidase, a cytochrome P450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the triterpene sweetener glycyrrhizin Hikaru Seki, Kiyoshi Ohyama, Satoru Sawai, Masaharu Mizutani, Toshiyuki Ohnishi, Hiroshi Sudo, Tomoyoshi Akashi, Toshio Aoki, Kazuki Saito, and Toshiya Muranaka PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 xi

14210 A transcript profiling approach reveals an epicatechinspecific glucosyltransferase expressed in the seed coat of Medicago truncatula Yongzhen Pang, Gregory J. Peel, Shashi B. Sharma, Yuhong Tang, and Richard A. Dixon

POPULATION BIOLOGY 14216 Benefits of using multiple first-line therapies against malaria Maciej F. Boni, David L. Smith, and Ramanan Laxminarayan

CORRECTION

ANTHROPOLOGY 14234 Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA Jaime Gongora, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Victor A. Mobegi, Han Jianlin, Jose A. Alcalde, Jose T. Matus, Olivier Hanotte, Chris Moran, Jeremy J. Austin, Sean Ulm, Atholl J. Anderson, Greger Larson, and Alan Cooper

PSYCHOLOGY 14222 The neonate brain detects speech structure Judit Gervain, Francesco Macagno, Silvia Cogoi, ˜a, and Jacques Mehler Marcela Pen 14228 Neural correlates of access to short-term memory Derek Evan Nee and John Jonides

xv–xvii Author Index xviii Subscription Form xix Classified Advertisements

PNAS 兩 September 16, 2008 兩 vol. 105 兩 no. 37 兩 xiii